Writing your bachelor thesis
Guidelines and tools
Colloquium 04/14/2014
Center for Information and Language Processing
LMU Munich
David Kaumanns
Content of this lecture
- This colloquium
- Your presentation
- Your thesis
- Citations and references
- Writing style
- Tools and templates
This colloquium
Motivation
- Check out other projects, get inspiration and ideas.
- Step back from your desk.
- Present your topic.
- You know you understood it, if your audience did.
- Get feedback in time.
Protocolls
- One page
- Three full-text paragraphs
- For each presentation...
- What was it about?
- What were the keypoints?
- What was the bottom line?
Your presentation
Medium
- Powerpoint
- LibreOffice Impress
- Keynote
- LaTex beamer
- HTML slides
Structure
- Introduction
- Main part
- Conclusion
- Max 25 minutes (15-20 slides), plus 5 minutes Q&A
Yes
- Images
- Figures
- with colors
- with labels
- without clutter
- self-contained!
- Sans-serif font
- Italics/ bold to highlight
- Title slides
- One or two jokes (with moderate hilarity)
- ... at the beginning for max efficiency
Maybe
- Background image/ theme
- Style elements
Style
- Aim to spend 1-2 minutes on each slide
- ... but do not cram content, rather break it into chunks.
- Recall important information.
- The audience will not memorize details from previous slides.
- Each point is a topic rather than a closed statement.
- Explain technical terms/ formulars/ etc.!
- Verbs good!
- The presentation does not need to be self-contained!
- If nobody understands it outside a live talk, that's fine.
Delivery
- Talk at reasonable speed.
- Do not memorize, talk freely.
- Talk to us, not to the wall.
- Pause rather than hum
- ... and admit ignorance after questions.
- Avoid the first person ("I mean", "I think", ...).
- Make eye contact(s).
- It's not flirting, it's hypnotizing!
- You may move. Use your arms.
- A silent audience is an attentive audience.
- Relax!
Imagine
- You want to sell your idea!
- You need to get funding for it!
- You want to impress someone at a party!
- ... and nobody cares.
Here it is up to you: who is your audience?
- The scientific community of your research area?
- Your manager?
Content
Cover
- Title
- Affiliation (CIS)
- Date
- Name
Introduction
- What are you working on in a nutshell?
Main part
- Why is it necessary/ interesting?
- What is the roadmap of your thesis?
- ... and what have you done so far?
- Show details that your audience can still comprehend.
- What problems are you struggling with?
Answer these questions
- What is the goal? What should we learn?
- What is the relationship between your topic and the wider research area?
- What do we need to know to understand your topic? Prune the tree!
- If you have several chapters, include summaries at the end of each.
- No proofs. No hard details. Step back from your desk!
Make these thoughts happen:
After the first few sentences:
Interesting! Tell me more!
During the talk:
Makes sense, but I could think of some questions.
Nice graph! Sums up the whole thing.
After the talk:
Now I know what he/ she is doing. I have some questions about details that he/ she left out.
I would like to work on this myself!
Your bachelor thesis
General structure
- Cover page
- Statement
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- Main part
- Conclusion/ summary/ outlook
- Appendix
Example structure of main part
- Theory 1
- Definitions
- Thesis
- Theory 2
- Definitions
- Thesis
- Practical part
- Evaluation
- Experimental setup
- Methodology
- Results
- Diskussion
Evaluation of your thesis
What your supervisor will look out for.
Prerequisites
- Complexity of the topic
- Clearness of problem definition
- Clearness and relevance of structure
Content
- Relevance of content to topic
- Soundness and logic of assertions and explanations
- Importance of content for goal
- Correctness of spelling, grammar and typesetting
- Proper explanation of technical terms
- Correctness of citations and quotes
Scientific profit
- Novelty of insights and knowledge acquired in the thesis
- Has the problem/ task been solved?
Citations and references
What is plagiarism?
- Copying of text material
- Copying of ideas
- Also includes uncertainty whether an idea is yours or not!
Two simple rules
- When presenting an idea, do not leave it to the imagination if that idea is your own!
- Make your claims traceable!
Purpose of good citations
- They demonstrate the novelty of your ideas in the context of older and/ or similar work.
- They show evidence for your credibility and that you are aware of your research area.
- They provide pointers to background reading.
Citing websites
No clear way.
@MISC{Wiki06,
AUTHOR = "Joe the plumber",
TITLE = {BibTeX},
MONTH = {May},
YEAR = {2006},
NOTE = {accessed April 14th, 2014}
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibtex}}
}
Style
Use names + reference number:
Experiments by Foo [11] suggest that ...
You may also tuck them into parentheses:
This problem has been adressed by several authors (Foo [1], Bar [2]).
Use "et al." instead of long lists of names in references:
Foo et al. [2] showed that ...
- ... but write them out in the bibliography!
Checklist for including a reference
- Is it relevant?
- Is it up-to-date?
- Is it necessary?
- (Is it accessible?)
Heuristics: should it be cited?
- Content: Common knowledge is bad.
- Type: Original papers are better than secondary sources.
- Quality: Good material is better than bad material.
- Source: Is it accessible and verifiable?
- Book and journal articles are better than conference articles.
- Conference articles are better than techical reports or unreviewed manuscripts.
- Private communications, forums, seminars and talks are bad.
- If you must, use footnotes or acknowledgments for this.
Indirect sources
If the original source of an idea is inaccessible, say so!
According to [1], as quoted by [2], ...
Originality of sources
Make sure a source is indeed the source of the idea!
Quotations
... are just copied text and generally bad style.
Foo claims that "bar is quux"
Use them only in rare cases, such as:
- When you need to clearly distinguish between your opinion and someone else's.
- When the quote is really short and really smart.
- ... or when the exact wording is important (more of an issue in humanities)
Be fair, put them into proper context so that they cannot be misinterpreted.
- Do not quote single words.
Before you change a quote (grammatical changes, ellipsis, ...), paraphrase it.
Writing style
Guidelines
Avoid
- Date in front
- Mixed native-foreign words
- Use only idiomatic foreign words.
- Your personal tic phrase
- Semicolons
- Repetition & monotony
- Long bloating constructions
- There is always are short replacement:
"it is often the case that" -> "often"
- Technical terms, jargon and acronyms
- ... especially without preceding definition!
Do not obscure by
- Deeply nested sentences
- Subjunctive
- Padding words
- allerdings, jedoch, vielmehr, ebenso, ...
- of course, the fact that, ...
- Impersonal statements
- Constructions with impersonal "one"
- Passive
- Nominalization
- Subjective or vague expressions
- E.g. qualifiers: very, quite, few, simply
- Double negatives
- The same content on less pages is better!
- Your supervisor will not be impressed by fancy constructions.
- ... and obfuscation will not make your content look better.
In short
Strive for
- Short and clear sentences
- Precise unbloated language
- Direct statements
The following theorem can now be proved.
We can now prove the following theorem
For your convenience
Early draft reviews
- Send me your draft (or selected chapters)
- Receive personal feedback on content, style and format
Tools and templates
Word processors
Please try to refrain from
- Microsoft Word
- Google Docs
- Apple Pages
- LibreOffice
- LaTex
LaTex examples
Lists
\begin{itemize}
\item foo
\item bar
\item biz
\end{itemize}
Images
\begin{figure}[h!]
\caption{foo}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{foo}
\end{figure}
Tables
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Foobar}
\resizebox{1.0\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{1} & foo & bar & biz & X \\
\hline
\textbf{2} & foo & bar & biz & X \\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
\label{table:Qux}
\end{table}
Your account at CIP is (almost) setup and ready to go:
ssh [USER]@remote.cip.ifi.lmu.de
cd [PROJECT DIR]
git clone git@gitlab.cis.uni-muenchen.de:David/stub-template-bathesis.git
- You only need to install:
- Pandoc
- pandoc-citeproc
- Pandoc Preprocessor (PPP)
- ... see README
Pandoc examples
Lists
- foo
- bar
- biz
- qux
1. one
2. two
3. three
Images

Tables
-------------------------------------------------------------
Centered Default Right Left
Header Aligned Aligned Aligned
----------- ------- --------------- -------------------------
First row 12.0 Example of a row that
spans multiple lines.
Second row 5.0 Here's another one. Note
the blank line between
rows.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Table: Here's the caption. It, too, may span
multiple lines.
Possible workflows
"What I see is not what I get"
- Write draft in Word/LibreOffice/...
- Do not waste time on format details.
- Copy raw text into template files.
- Finetune.
- Compile.
"Play it hard"
- Write draft in LaTex.
- Copy LaTex code into template files.
- Compile.
"Life is good"
- Write in Pandoc.
- Compile.
Have fun!