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(Click for frequent words.) 76 asthenosphere 72 crustal 72 continental crust 72 oceanic crust 70 Earth crust 69 mantle plumes 69 subducting plate 68 oceanic lithosphere 68 lithospheric 68 earth crust 68 crustal plates 67 lavas 67 subducted 67 crustal rocks 66 basaltic rocks 66 subduction 66 cratons 66 mantle convection 65 tropopause 65 molten magma 65 crustal plate 65 lowermost mantle 65 subducting 65 magma ocean 64 magmatism 64 compressional 64 oceanic plates 64 polar vortex 64 subduction zones 64 galactic disk 64 plate tectonics 63 sedimentary layers 63 tectonically 63 magma 63 seismogenic 63 magmas 63 landmasses 63 grabens 63 calderas 63 granitoids 63 post perovskite 62 volcanism 62 mantle lithosphere 62 flood basalts 62 subduction zone 62 photosphere 62 tectonics 62 lunar crust 62 rifting 62 ocean ridges 62 chondrules 62 tectonic 62 basaltic magma 62 silicate dust 62 basalts 62 hydrosphere 62 tectonic stresses 62 igneous rocks 62 silicate rocks 61 turbidites 61 silicate mantle 61 hydrothermal fluid 61 solar nebula 61 peridotites 61 supercontinents 61 planetesimals 61 metamorphic rocks 61 ejecta 61 tectonic boundary 60 deglaciation 60 ejecta blanket 60 tectonic movements 60 carbonate minerals 60 chlorine monoxide 60 ocean basins 60 craton 60 thrust faulting 60 Cryogenian 60 silicate minerals 60 magma chambers 60 Rossby waves 60 thermosphere 60 weakly interacting 60 tectonic plate movements 60 volcanic magma 60 gravitational attraction 60 intraplate 60 spheroidal 60 basaltic 60 Tectonic plates 60 icesheet 59 sedimentary deposits 59 magmatic 59 sedimentary rock 59 crystallites 59 phyllosilicates 59 collisional 59 mid latitudes 59 planetesimal 59 felsic tuff 59 downwelling 59 rotational axis 59 meridional flow 59 mesosphere 59 oceanic trenches 59 Nankai Trough 59 tonalite 59 volcanoclastic 59 deformation 59 tectonic plate 59 tectonic plate boundaries 59 tectonic plate slides 59 Whillans Ice Stream 59 geothermal gradient 59 clathrates 59 exosphere 59 Gondwana supercontinent 59 volcanic arcs 59 interglacial periods 59 Palaeozoic sedimentary 59 metamorphism 59 overlying layers 59 Tibetan Plateau 59 Amundsen Sea 59 planetary orbits 59 icy crust 59 jovian 59 uppermost layer 59 magnetospheric 58 Tharsis Rise 58 spacetime 58 supercontinent 58 troposphere 58 molten rock 58 magma chamber 58 hydrothermally altered 58 silicic 58 moon gravitational pull 58 ignimbrite 58 glacial ice 58 atmospheric circulation 58 Neoproterozoic 58 Tharsis 58 explosive volcanism 58 Gondwanaland 58 crustal deformation 58 oceanic circulation 58 igneous rock 58 advection 58 austenite 58 compressive stress 58 fissions 58 brittle deformation 58 REE enriched 58 accretionary 58 polar icecap 58 equatorial Pacific Ocean 58 Syrtis Major 58 Laurentide ice sheet 58 olivine 58 subhorizontal 58 GJ#b 58 claystone 58 chromosphere 58 recrystallized 58 meteorite impacts 58 Paleozoic sedimentary 58 protoplanetary disk 58 tectonic uplift 58 Milankovitch cycles 58 anorthosite 58 magnetic polarity 58 gabbros 58 argillic altered 58 volcanic plumes 58 magnetosphere 58 calcite 58 sediments deposited 58 molten rocks 57 aragonite 57 isotope composition 57 Fram Strait 57 hydrothermal fluids 57 moonlet 57 outer crust 57 nucleate 57 Antarctic Ice 57 Alpine Fault 57 GPa 57 elastic modulus 57 brittle ductile 57 anticyclonic 57 sedimentary sequence 57 YORP effect 57 mineral olivine 57 circumstellar 57 martian atmosphere 57 gravitational pulls 57 marine sediments 57 stratigraphic sequence 57 sedimentary 57 frictional heating 57 komatiitic 57 sericitization 57 sandstone intervals 57 electron density 57 chondrites 57 Laurasia 57 midlatitudes 57 magnetic dynamo 57 andesitic rocks 57 gravitational interaction 57 Siberian Traps 57 Neogene 57 magnetotail 57 amphibolite 57 glacial meltwater 57 glacial cycles 57 sediments 57 heavily cratered 57 Sunda trench 57 Elysium Planitia 57 wrinkle ridges 57 ductile deformation 57 upper troposphere 57 convection currents 57 glaciation 57 Martian crust 57 Agulhas Current 57 goethite 57 teleconnections 57 ferroelectricity 57 carbonaceous 57 outlet glaciers 57 plagioclase 57 stony meteorites 57 crust 57 subsurface ocean 56 metasediment 56 tectonic plate dives 56 coccolithophores 56 sulfur isotope 56 cobalt atoms 56 volcaniclastics 56 cryosphere 56 Schellart 56 sulfidic 56 Nazca plate 56 magma cools 56 quartz feldspar porphyry intrusive 56 Valles Marineris 56 continental drift 56 oxygen isotope 56 isostatic 56 clastic sediments 56 glaciations 56 Archaean 56 Earth magnetosphere 56 protoplanets 56 pyroxene 56 overlying sediments 56 meltwater 56 aseismic 56 isotope ratios 56 volcanic sediments 56 Polar Vortex 56 volcanic tuff 56 hydrological cycle 56 tidally 56 mineralized mafic 56 dipolar 56 tuffaceous rocks 56 ancient lava flows 56 metamorphic rock 56 foraminifera 56 phyllosilicate 56 basaltic lava 56 magnetopause 56 seafloor sediments 56 pillow lava 56 silicon atoms 56 Arabia Terra 56 Jupiter moon Io 56 uniaxial 56 Antarctic glaciers 56 hematite mineral 56 Southern Oscillation 56 lunar highlands 56 icy moons 56 sedimentary rocks 56 thermal gradients 56 Io volcanoes 56 isostatic rebound 56 granitic rocks 56 nanomesh 56 andesite 56 thermal gradient 56 halite 56 fine grained sediments 56 eastern equatorial Pacific 56 martensite 56 polar latitudes 56 albedo reflectivity 56 gneisses 56 Fe Mn 56 quartz sericite alteration 56 subglacial lakes 56 stratospheric clouds 56 isotope fractionation 56 topological defects 56 volcanic ridges 56 extensional 56 tropospheric 56 orbital eccentricity 56 anisotropy 56 volcaniclastic rocks 56 anisotropic 56 Iapetus 56 Siple Dome 56 Madden Julian Oscillation 56 regolith 56 collagen fibrils 56 basalt volcanic 56 temperature gradients 56 terranes 56 Sunda Trench 56 moon Mimas 56 elongated orbits 56 blue supergiant 55 andesitic volcanic rocks 55 Earth tectonic plates 55 filamentary 55 tectonic plate boundary 55 Yarkovsky effect 55 undersea volcanoes 55 Cretaceous sandstones 55 sulphidic 55 arcuate 55 poleward 55 ancient supercontinent 55 tectonic activity 55 electron pairs 55 pyroclastics 55 subducted beneath 55 coarser grained 55 siliceous 55 convective 55 temperature gradient 55 deep convective clouds 55 colliding tectonic plates 55 longwave radiation 55 hydrothermal 55 magnetic reconnection 55 osmium 55 isotopic composition 55 superfluid 55 velocity dispersion 55 peridotite 55 glacial melting 55 subglacial 55 meteor impacts 55 Wilkins Ice Shelf 55 ellipsoids 55 seafloor sediment 55 gaseous planets 55 meridional overturning circulation 55 Fig. 1b 55 gneissic 55 recrystallization 55 radioactive decay 55 amphibolite facies 55 intermolecular forces 55 ferromagnet 55 gneissic rocks 55 tectonic plates 55 olivines 55 pyroxenites 55 silicates 55 Kelvin Helmholtz 55 cryovolcanism 55 elastic deformation 55 paleomagnetic 55 amphibolite grade 55 circumstellar disk 55 colloidal crystals 55 hornfelsed 55 hydrophobicity 55 heliosphere 55 extrusive 55 granitic intrusive 55 potassically altered 55 ultramafic intrusives 55 annealing temperature 55 icosahedral 55 superheavy elements 55 Shiveluch 55 calcite crystals 55 graphene sheet 55 andesitic volcanic 55 tensional 55 water vapor condenses 55 caldera 55 magnetic flux 55 hydrologic cycle 55 gravitational tugs 55 Yellowstone caldera 55 foliation 55 axial tilt 55 Saturn magnetosphere 55 abyssal plain 55 amphibolites 55 ignimbrites 55 Plate tectonics 55 smectite 55 biotite alteration 55 serpentinized 55 galactic halo 55 primitive meteorites 55 WASP #b 55 Weddell Sea 54 limonitic 54 planets orbits 54 clasts 54 tectonically active 54 Ithaca Chasma 54 tensile stress 54 ultramafics 54 basaltic rock 54 altered volcanics 54 shear modulus 54 retrograde orbit 54 erosional 54 Precambrian rocks 54 dacitic 54 atmospheric convection 54 komatiite 54 ellipsoid 54 cosmic ray flux 54 megathrust 54 helium atoms 54 spherules 54 Greenland Ice 54 sinistral 54 carbonaceous chondrite 54 asteroidal 54 equatorial latitudes 54 altered andesitic 54 Tertiary volcanic 54 felsic metavolcanics 54 northeasterly trending 54 McMurdo Dry Valleys 54 phreatic 54 igneous 54 volcanic basalt 54 mineralizing fluids 54 IP geophysical anomaly 54 dacite 54 sulfur isotopes 54 anticlines 54 volcaniclastic 54 sulfur atoms 54 crustal thickness 54 olivine rich 54 Oort cloud 54 Last Glacial Maximum 54 polypeptide chain 54 iron carbonate 54 cementite 54 Quaternary Period 54 carbonate globules 54 strange quark 54 paragneiss 54 tensile stresses 54 Mud volcanoes 54 layered outcrops 54 benthic foraminifera 54 KBOs 54 martian meteorites 54 circular orbits 54 lava domes 54 X ray emission 54 Cascadia fault 54 sedimentary layer 54 yardangs 54 altered porphyry 54 andesite flows 54 Neutron stars 54 El Nino Southern Oscillation 54 cobalt atom 54 intensely silicified 54 andesites 54 magnetic dipole 54 mudstone 54 magnetized plasma 54 shifting tectonic plates 54 sub glacial lakes 54 Nazca Plate 54 soliton 54 tuffs 54 silicate 54 chondritic 54 elastic moduli 54 crystal lattices 54 atmospheric methane 54 earths crust 54 KT boundary 54 aeolian 54 moonquakes 54 porphyritic andesite 54 sodium atoms 54 isotherms 54 advanced argillic alteration 54 dense clumps 54 Antarctic glacier 54 volcanic cone 54 dipole moment 54 hydrothermally 54 Kilimanjaro glaciers 54 vorticity 54 Kuiper belt objects 54 pyrite halo 54 Enriquillo Plantain Garden 54 Cascadia subduction zone 54 SST anomalies 54 basalt lava 54 airglow 54 Cenozoic 54 pyroclastic 54 inhomogeneous 54 dolomites 54 amplifying feedbacks 54 subpolar 54 coastal upwelling 54 Velicogna 54 silica carbonate 54 lava flows 54 elemental abundances 54 Athabasca sandstone 54 quartz adularia 54 glacial interglacial 54 sedimentary strata 54 aerosol particles 54 Transantarctic Mountains 53 pyroxenite 53 microstructures 53 volcanic breccias 53 jarosite 53 propylitic 53 gabbro dykes 53 phyllic alteration 53 Messinian 53 helium nuclei 53 altered ultramafic rocks 53 Arctic oscillation 53 dynamical 53 solutes 53 covalent bonds 53 Greenland icecap 53 interannual variability 53 Bose Einstein condensates 53 potassic altered 53 colluvial 53 GJ #b [002] 53 graben 53 diffusive 53 greenschist 53 southern supercontinent 53 permafrost 53 neutrino mass 53 sulfate aerosols 53 perovskite 53 Sr Ca 53 interfacial 53 Eurasian Plate 53 El Niño La Niña 53 hornblende 53 accretion disks 53 rhyolite tuffs 53 superposed 53 meteoritic material 53 ultrasonic vibrations 53 interstellar medium 53 quartz sericite 53 heliosheath 53 calcareous 53 zodiacal dust 53 rhyolitic 53 nucleation 53 strontium isotope 53 Equatorial Pacific 53 intermetallic compounds 53 upwelling 53 glaciers retreated 53 gravitational interactions 53 Venusian atmosphere 53 wavefronts 53 norite 53 greywackes 53 stratovolcano 53 igneous intrusion 53 tuffaceous sediments 53 Olympus Mons 53 quartz tourmaline veining 53 ionized particles 53 isotopic compositions 53 ankerite 53 Antarctic Circumpolar Current 53 volcanics 53 hydrothermal breccia 53 galactic cosmic rays 53 lattice vibrations 53 faunas 53 relativistic particles 53 fig. S1 53 locally graphitic 53 rhyolite tuff 53 icecap 53 silicified limestone 53 rhyodacite 53 pyritized 53 polar caps 53 electron orbits 53 wettability 53 andesitic 53 tungsten isotopes 53 fragmental 53 calcic 53 latite 53 limestone xenoliths 53 metastable 53 Late Ordovician 53 magnetization 53 supervolcanoes 53 olivine crystals 53 cometary impacts 53 Kuiper belt 53 sedimentary sequences 53 subseafloor 53 gyres 53 Antarctic ice 53 ophiolite 53 nebular 53 Haumea 53 graphene sheets 53 X ray binaries 53 refractive indices 53 Martian dunes 53 basal layer 53 chemically reactive 53 ferric oxides 53 iceberg calving 53 antimony Sb 53 solar corona 53 boron nitride 53 altered andesite 53 heterogeneities 53 meridional 53 Jurassic sandstone 53 spicule 53 magma molten rock 53 thermal conductance 53 neutron star 53 kyr 53 inner moons 53 Jurassic Cretaceous 53 cuprate superconductors 53 Amundsen Sea Embayment 53 proto planetary disk 53 greenstones 53 geoid 53 massifs 53 hydrated minerals 53 hydrothermal activity 53 mafic intrusion 53 interfacial tension 53 silicon monoxide 53 pillow lavas 53 volcanoes erupt 53 baryonic 53 FeO 53 water vapor 53 discontinuously 53 planet magnetosphere 53 nucleons 53 volcanoclastic rocks 53 ectodermal 53 monotonically 53 Ross Ice Shelf 53 deforming 53 atmospheric CO 53 komatiites 53 tholins 53 volcanic lava 53 landforms 53 oxygen atoms 53 mineralized intrusive 53 electrically insulating 53 Earth rotational axis 53 Deccan Traps 53 macroscopically 53 geologically active 53 Orcus Patera 53 granitic basement 53 sheet Summerhayes 53 spherically symmetric 53 intrusive granitic 53 dynamical processes 53 Earth radii 53 superluminal 53 monolayers 53 multi decadal 53 carbonate altered 53 Gravitational waves 53 Mesoproterozoic 53 meta sediments 53 basalt 52 evaporite 52 volcanic rocks 52 N#W [002] 52 rotational velocity 52 Arctic Oscillation 52 Larsen Ice Shelf 52 gabbroic rocks 52 unconsolidated sediments 52 moon Io 52 toroid 52 vortices 52 silica sericite 52 upwellings 52 geodynamics 52 interconversion 52 loess 52 nanobelts 52 microcrystals 52 protostar 52 infalling gas 52 dynamical evolution 52 helium atom 52 carbonate rocks 52 crystalline lattice 52 Hellas Basin 52 Great Conveyor Belt 52 crystal lattice 52 limestones 52 scarps 52 mainshock 52 thermally activated 52 Saturnian moon 52 Arsia Mons 52 comet nuclei 52 cm -3 52 Earths crust 52 hematite stained 52 poly L lysine 52 gabbro intrusive 52 carbonaceous chondrites 52 tectonic faults 52 syenite gneiss 52 Alfven waves 52 supercontinent Pangaea 52 geologic faults 52 warm interglacial periods 52 Paleoproterozoic 52 collagen fibers 52 layered ultramafic 52 gravitational acceleration 52 diabase 52 volcano lava dome 52 crustal movements 52 lapilli 52 Precambrian 52 sericite altered 52 midlatitude 52 manganite 52 geologically 52 breccia zones 52 variably silicified 52 Young modulus 52 greenschist facies 52 dunite 52 Jakobshavn Isbrae 52 diorites 52 seabed sediments 52 depositional 52 Paleozoic sediments 52 photon energies 52 magmatic hydrothermal 52 volcano Olympus Mons 52 Puu Oo 52 Tertiary Period 52 structurally deformed 52 Oort Cloud 52 carbonate sediments 52 Garzione 52 seamount 52 Jupiter magnetosphere 52 biotite 52 Upsilon Andromedae 52 ionized gas 52 prograde 52 meteorite bombardment 52 Hot Jupiters 52 plasmasphere 52 lapilli tuff 52 diorite porphyry 52 merging galaxies 52 felsic metavolcanic 52 interstellar dust grains 52 sulfur atom 52 circumstellar disks 52 Eemian 52 Sicily Mount Etna 52 hydrothermal venting 52 Late Paleozoic 52 Fig. 2b 52 ultramafic rocks 52 eccentric orbits 52 intrusive rocks 52 anticyclones 52 mafic volcanic 52 silicification quartz 52 talus 52 quartz monzonite porphyry 52 Brunt Ice Shelf 52 molten droplets 52 dentine 52 gaseous planet 52 ionized hydrogen 52 lunar magma 52 planet orbits 52 Permo Triassic 52 Laurentide Ice Sheet 52 magma erupts 52 andesitic flows 52 graphitic 52 carbonaceous material 52 GtC 52 moulins 52 Sulphide mineralization 52 metavolcanics 52 subduction earthquakes 52 Kerguelen Plateau 52 forams 52 Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum 52 Mg Ca 52 lava flowed 52 delocalized 52 cadherins 52 atomic nuclei 52 planktonic 52 nuclei 52 evaporite minerals 52 magnetic monopoles 52 strontium titanate 52 sunspot cycle 52 chlorite sericite 52 surface hoar 52 magnons 52 Earth axial tilt 52 eclogite 52 antiferromagnetic 52 Ayles Ice Shelf 52 granitoid 52 Mount Bosavi 52 ULIRGs 52 wallrock 52 bilayer 52 felsic intrusive 52 Cumbre Vieja 52 submarine volcanoes 52 Sumatra Andaman 52 seismogenic zone 52 vein quartz 52 interatomic 52 glacial till 52 icesheets 52 latitudinal 52 felsic volcanic 52 polymictic 52 quasicrystal 52 electrons orbiting 52 Indian Ocean Dipole 52 Einstein relativity theory 52 spicules 52 equatorial 52 Fig. 1A 52 porphyry intrusions 52 matter antimatter asymmetry 52 strongly altered mafic 52 stromatolites 52 disulfide bridges 52 Bose Einstein Condensate 52 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO 52 stratospheric ozone 52 equatorial bulge 52 atmospheric circulations 52 gravitationally 52 metavolcanic 52 antiferromagnets 52 kimberlite breccia 52 globulars 52 quartz breccia 52 Fig. 1a 52 hornfels 52 magmatic rocks 52 diatremes 52 Milankovitch 52 nanobubbles 52 shallowly dipping 52 Kermadec Arc 52 diatreme breccia 52 Yellowstone Caldera 52 membrane lipids 52 disseminated pyrrhotite 52 dip shallowly 52 pyrite veins 52 dolerite 52 torus 52 phonons 52 subduction fault 52 van der Waals interactions 52 ITCZ 52 Mg Fe 52 trabecular bone 52 meteoroids 52 icefields 52 interstellar cloud 52 malachite mineralization 52 electrons behave 52 baryon 52 stockwork veining 52 surface temperatures SSTs 52 volcano sedimentary 52 Meridiani 51 basalt flows 51 pn junction 51 radially 51 granodiorite porphyry 51 UV photons 51 peridotitic 51 micrometer scale 51 granitic 51 orbitals 51 Chromitite 51 viscous fluid 51 phytoplankton blooms 51 Pyroclastic flows 51 windblown sand 51 strongly foliated 51 pyrrhotite mineralization 51 subtropical oceans 51 Ohmoto 51 mid Pliocene 51 carbonic acid 51 calc silicate 51 sericitic 51 spherical particles 51 polar mesospheric clouds 51 magnetar 51 metasedimentary 51 volcanic islands 51 altered mafic 51 illite 51 sigmoidal 51 xenoliths 51 somites 51 Moho 51 volcanic aerosols 51 Cretaceous Tertiary boundary 51 Palaeozoic 51 accretion disk 51 metasomatic 51 chlorite altered 51 adsorbate 51 Sinus Meridiani 51 Subduction zones 51 microcavities 51 permafrost melts 51 Warmer oceans 51 dacites 51 large oceanic plateaus 51 continental rifting 51 infall 51 zircons 51 galactic clusters 51 mudstones 51 calcareous sediments 51 wavefunction 51 subpolar gyre 51 ultramafic unit 51 magnetic excitations 51 Martian volcanoes 51 brecciated zones 51 moonlets 51 anomalously warm 51 biotite magnetite 51 nonequilibrium 51 submicrometer 51 zinc ions