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(Click for frequent words.) 66 insolation 65 tropospheric 65 solar irradiance 65 luminous flux 65 transmittance 65 absorption coefficient 64 illuminance 64 solar insolation 63 emissivity 63 total solar irradiance 63 keV 63 cosmic ray flux 63 ARPES 62 cosmic ray intensity 62 velocity dispersion 62 reflectivity 62 linearly polarized 62 resonance frequency 62 linewidth 62 emittance 61 thermal gradients 61 collimated 61 airglow 61 electrical resistivity 61 #lm [002] 61 oxyhemoglobin 61 emission wavelength 61 metallicity 61 specular reflectance 61 dipole moment 61 fluence 60 Coulomb blockade 60 fluorescence intensity 60 electron density 60 amplitudes 60 enthalpy 60 oscillation frequency 60 θ 60 longwave radiation 60 QCLs 59 mT 59 elastic modulus 59 luminous efficacy 59 photon flux 59 microampere 59 τ 59 IR wavelengths 59 gravitational acceleration 59 dI dV 59 photon detection 59 bandgaps 59 absorption spectra 59 specular reflection 59 electron diffraction 59 absorbance 59 albedo 59 X ray pulses 59 periodicities 59 fluxes 58 luminosities 58 anisotropy 58 isotherm 58 microvolts 58 solar minima 58 temperature coefficients 58 backscattered 58 photon energies 58 radiative cooling 58 UV wavelengths 58 cm -2 58 fluorescence emission 58 brightnesses 58 SAXS 58 volcanic aerosols 58 Fig. 2A 58 δ 58 thermally induced 58 infrared wavelength 58 SST anomalies 58 #lm [001] 58 photocurrent 58 solar reflectance 58 cm -3 58 χ 58 xenon lamp 58 AMSR E 57 vorticity 57 elastic moduli 57 photoemission 57 backscattering 57 responsivity 57 axial tilt 57 UV photons 57 cm ² 57 mK 57 Gaussian beam 57 Nernst 57 transmissivity 57 MeV 57 frequency harmonics 57 helicity 57 Young modulus 57 footcandles 57 lumen output 57 Fig. 1a 57 blackbody 57 Mercury exosphere 57 supercontinuum generation 57 radiative transfer 57 W/m2 57 electromagnetic flux 57 #.#nm [002] 57 nm wavelength 57 geomagnetic activity 57 photon counting 57 crustal thickness 57 femtosecond pulses 57 cm -1 57 temperature coefficient 57 photoelectron 57 reflectance 57 radiative forcing 57 fluorescence excitation 57 nonlinearities 57 #nm laser [001] 57 circularly polarized 57 polarimeter 56 photometry 56 chromaticity 56 isotropic 56 auroral activity 56 azimuthal 56 martensite 56 upper troposphere 56 Antarctic stratosphere 56 #nm wavelength [001] 56 W/cm2 56 multiwavelength 56 Ly alpha 56 ε 56 #nm #nm [001] 56 electron flux 56 photolysis 56 annealing temperature 56 nT 56 highly collimated 56 Kelvins 56 clamping voltages 56 collimated beam 56 μW 56 magnon 56 chlorophyll fluorescence 56 downwelling 56 polarimetry 56 #W halogen 56 plasmon 56 photoluminescence 56 Rayleigh scattering 56 radiometers 56 phonon 56 polar mesospheric clouds 56 yr -1 56 FWHM 56 input impedance 56 chlorophyll concentrations 56 diffusion coefficients 56 X ray wavelengths 56 hPa 56 reflectometry 56 obliquity 56 satellite altimetry 56 thermal gradient 56 interferometric 56 refractive indices 56 thermal conductance 56 brightness 56 submillimetre wavelengths 56 galactic cosmic rays 56 Reflectance 55 μV 55 diffusivity 55 kVp 55 Si substrate 55 radiative 55 fig. S2 55 optical aberrations 55 equilibration 55 crystallinity 55 C0G 55 shorter wavelengths 55 linearized 55 fluid viscosity 55 vibrational modes 55 thermodynamic equilibrium 55 mW/cm2 55 dielectric constant 55 meridional flow 55 ± #.#dB 55 numerical aperture 55 oscillation amplitude 55 inelastic scattering 55 paramagnetic 55 millimeter wavelengths 55 GaP 55 birefringence 55 ρ 55 meV 55 quasiparticle 55 pulse durations 55 copper oxide superconductors 55 #Ω [002] 55 magnetic permeability 55 nonlinearity 55 gravitational redshift 55 oscillation 55 cantilever deflection 55 friction coefficients 55 dipolar 55 magnetic flux 55 √ Hz 55 Milankovitch cycles 55 lasing wavelength 55 input capacitance 55 electromotive force 55 Mpc 55 Mössbauer 55 visible wavelengths 55 interferometers 55 isotherms 55 electron scattering 55 isotope fractionation 55 helium ions 55 pulsed lasers 55 1kHz 55 SINFONI 55 photoionization 55 ZnSe 55 micrometre sized 54 microcavities 54 sunspot numbers 54 arcsecond 54 UVR 54 magnetisation 54 Fig. 4a 54 ratiometric 54 leakage currents 54 diffraction pattern 54 aerosol concentrations 54 light transmittance 54 geoid 54 geosynchronous orbit reached 54 interannual variability 54 LWIR 54 #nm #nm [002] 54 arcminutes 54 Fig. 2a 54 shear modulus 54 bandgap 54 airflows 54 atmospheric aerosols 54 gaussian 54 m z 54 #lm W [001] 54 maxima 54 CO2 fluxes 54 phytoplankton biomass 54 photometric 54 4mA 54 epitaxially grown 54 FDG uptake 54 tungsten halogen 54 intensities 54 circular dichroism 54 Global Warming Potential GWP 54 excitation energies 54 Raman scattering 54 ENSO cycle 54 shunt resistors 54 Fig. 3b 54 MΩ 54 #nm laser [002] 54 Deg C 54 candelas per 54 electrical conductance 54 surface temperatures SSTs 54 particle acceleration 54 luminance 54 dispersive 54 uniaxial 54 lasing threshold 54 photon fluorescence 54 ionic conductivity 54 millibar 54 glacial interglacial 54 relativistic electrons 54 UVB radiation 54 σ 54 advection 54 luminous intensity 54 sorption 54 dephasing 54 rotational axis 54 arcsec 54 failure MTTF 54 calorimetric 54 UV irradiation 54 sunspot cycle 54 HTPS 54 excitonic 54 excitation 54 Fig. 4A 54 DUTs 54 GHG concentrations 54 emission spectra 54 temperature gradients 54 nanomesh 54 submillimeter 54 diurnal cycle 54 electrical conductivity 54 DFB lasers 54 cesium atom 54 Fig. 2B 54 transcranial 54 oxygen isotope 54 Ultraviolet radiation 54 orbital eccentricity 54 wavefront distortion 54 Kelvin -# 54 ultraviolet radiation emitted 54 φ 54 photosphere 54 corona discharge 54 multicrystalline cells 54 coronal holes 54 photomultiplier tubes 54 diffracting 54 thermal EMF 54 ms -1 54 compressive stress 54 parasitic capacitance 54 sulphate aerosols 54 1μm 54 directivity 54 vegetation greenness 54 CdSe 54 Boltzmann constant 54 beamsplitters 54 lm W 54 speckle pattern 54 spectral density 54 spectral purity 54 optically pumped 54 spectroscopic technique 54 solar corona 54 HEMTs 54 emits photons 54 1ppm 53 1mA 53 microcavity 53 emitted photons 53 thermal inertia 53 optical wavelengths 53 -# º C [002] 53 polariton 53 ultraviolet radiation UVR 53 wavelength tunability 53 fA 53 timebase 53 diffraction patterns 53 InGaAs 53 non dispersive infrared 53 Rossby waves 53 output capacitance 53 Albedo 53 2 MeV electron 53 -# degrees Fahrenheit [002] 53 capacitively coupled 53 photometer 53 diffusion coefficient 53 nm excitation 53 spectroscopic measurements 53 Nd YAG 53 quantum oscillations 53 central corneal thickness 53 thermal conduction 53 GCMs 53 electron ion 53 THz radiation 53 mrad 53 excitation wavelength 53 magnetization 53 Fiber Bragg Grating 53 permittivity 53 z = 53 passband 53 conductivity 53 photostability 53 #lm W [002] 53 spherical aberrations 53 temporal variability 53 anomalously warm 53 #ppm ° C 53 orbital inclination 53 PIN diodes 53 exhaled NO 53 Doppler shifts 53 electroluminescence EL 53 neutron flux 53 altimetry 53 sphericity 53 conductivities 53 Wm -2 53 Conductivity 53 diffraction 53 resonant frequencies 53 narrow linewidth 53 lumens watt 53 terahertz quantum cascade 53 electrochemical capacitors 53 μm wavelength 53 sinusoid 53 PWM signal 53 chromosphere 53 z axis 53 UV absorbance 53 Â ° C. 53 ultraviolet laser 53 Raman spectra 53 wavelength tunable 53 arcmin 53 microwatt 53 surface roughness 53 ionospheric 53 Nd YAG lasers 53 upper tropospheric 53 atmospheric CO 53 Color Rendering Index 53 x ray beams 53 infrared imager 53 obscuration 53 collinear 53 liquid crystal molecules 53 multidecadal 53 Nd Yag 53 ellipsoid 53 adsorption isotherms 53 thermal diffusivity 53 -# ° [002] 53 compressibility 53 orbital angular momentum 53 radiometer 53 nm wavelengths 53 RGB LEDs 53 Fig. 1A 53 thermal conductivities 53 CO2 CH4 53 Southern Oscillation 53 Anisotropy 53 synthetic aperture 53 X ray binaries 53 chemiluminescence 53 ionisation 53 intracavity 53 unpolarized 53 2ppm 53 spatially resolved 53 beam expanders 53 NDVI 53 neutrino mass 53 5μm 53 tropopause 53 powder diffraction 53 conductance 53 VLTI 53 excitation wavelengths 53 LUXEON Rebel 53 proton conductivity 53 spectral measurements 53 capacitive loading 53 beamwidth 53 ZXLD# 53 sensing resistors 53 phototransistor 53 ohmic 53 electrons emitted 52 dBFS 52 Figure 1b 52 frequency transducers 52 oceanic circulation 52 coronal loop 52 refracts light 52 polar vortex 52 Capacitance 52 galaxy redshift 52 voltage outputs 52 nanosecond pulse 52 capacitance values 52 #μm [002] 52 coating thickness 52 torr 52 cd m 52 gigapascals 52 millivolts 52 minima 52 λ 52 #.#pF 52 earthshine 52 polar latitudes 52 #mV [002] 52 teleconnections 52 Southern Oscillation Index 52 Fig. 3B 52 instrumentation amplifier 52 2dB 52 MWIR 52 Interferometric 52 nitride semiconductor 52 ferromagnetism 52 circularly polarized light 52 Thermal conductivity 52 conformality 52 radiometric measurements 52 +# º C [002] 52 electronvolts 52 oxygen isotopic 52 sunspot activity 52 wafer thickness 52 inhomogeneity 52 autofluorescence 52 multi decadal 52 manganite 52 Near Infrared 52 Halogens 52 photodetector 52 magnetic susceptibility 52 metal halide lamps 52 Michell Instruments 52 EMCCD 52 UV VIS 52 resonance frequencies 52 adjusts brightness 52 redshifts 52 perturbation theory 52 #μs [002] 52 CMB radiation 52 oscillator frequency 52 spectral characteristics 52 ν 52 ultrashort pulses 52 GCRs 52 Å -1 52 #deg C 52 atmospheric moisture 52 #.#Ω 52 Dirac fermions 52 voltage coefficient 52 wavefront 52 infra red radiation 52 spatial coherence 52 TEGs 52 spectra 52 modulus 52 mbar 52 isotope ratios 52 #.#oC [001] 52 mJ 52 mV lux sec 52 corneal thickness 52 IR LEDs 52 HID lamp 52 auroral emissions 52 -1 ^ 52 absorbs ultraviolet 52 μm diameter 52 fermion 52 kT 52 martensitic 52 epitaxial layer 52 ppbv 52 dopant 52 stomatal conductance 52 magnifications 52 phototransistors 52 X ray beam 52 detector arrays 52 transconductance 52 ultraviolet wavelength 52 arcseconds 52 impedances 52 argon fluoride 52 astro comb 52 infrared spectral 52 adsorbate 52 baryon 52 darkfield 52 #OHD 52 HID fixtures 52 ionizing dose 52 spectral radiance 52 spectrographs 52 SNR signal 52 Mott insulator 52 WS CRDS 52 temperature gradient 52 Hipparcos 52 #cd m 2 52 wavelength UV 52 molecular orbitals 52 electrophoretic 52 Halifax Weather Overcast 52 SMT LEDs 52 spectrometric 52 κ 52 photon absorption 52 photomultiplier tube 52 GPa 52 #mV [001] 52 polaritons 52 atmospheric turbulence 52 deformable mirror 52 kelvin 52 Earth albedo 52 MWCNT 52 Doppler shift 52 longwave 52 Nova NanoSEM 52 BJTs 52 equatorial latitudes 52 Advanced Microwave Scanning 52 output voltage 52 sinewave 52 sunlight readability 52 #μF [001] 52 Fig. 1c 52 ppmv 52 cirrus clouds 52 x ray scattering 52 polarimetric 52 outcoupling 52 Spectroscopic 52 van der Waals interactions 52 laser diode modules 51 z axes 51 eumelanin 51 photomultiplier 51 cosmological distances 51 dielectric permittivity 51 tensile strain 51 YAG lasers 51 undoped 51 wettability 51 intrinsic viscosity 51 axial length 51 pulse widths 51 magnetically coupled 51 induced fluorescence 51 tensile modulus 51 -# dB [001] 51 diffracted 51 scatterometer 51 Photometric 51 auroral 51 isotopic composition 51 #/#Hz [001] 51 Fig. 1b 51 spatial resolution 51 monodisperse 51 monotonically 51 aberration correctors 51 #pF [001] 51 serum magnesium 51 Fabry Perot 51 absorption spectroscopy 51 Magnetic Imager HMI 51 SSTs 51 SQUIDs 51 submicrometer 51 droplet sizes 51 UV radiation 51 substorm 51 Bragg grating 51 mercury cadmium telluride 51 X ray emission 51 circular polarization 51 InGaN LEDs 51 rms noise 51 hyperpolarization 51 cirrus cloud 51 radiometry 51 Arctic oscillation 51 #um [002] 51 radiative recombination 51 spatial variability 51 foil resistor 51 W mK 51 impedance measurements 51 inhomogeneous 51 DPSS lasers 51 illumination 51 picoseconds ps 51 megapascals 51 enhanced sonography 51 Mg Ca 51 thermally activated 51 hafnium oxide 51 helium nuclei 51 deformable mirrors 51 bilayer graphene 51 femtosecond lasers 51 particle morphology 51 lumen maintenance 51 impedance input 51 interfacial tension 51 Interferometer 51 1W LEDs 51 Ulysses spacecraft 51 midlatitudes 51 magnetospheric 51 meridional 51 g cm 51 Yb 51 Surface Temperature 51 fluorescence quenching 51 absorptions 51 magnetic excitations 51 nanosecond pulses 51 IR spectra 51 interferometry 51 electron neutrinos 51 occultations 51 magnetoresistance 51 #Â ° [002] 51 AlGaN 51 DFT calculations 51 cloud condensation nuclei 51 Vdd 51 micron wavelength 51 spectroscopic analysis 51 isotopic variations 51 TCXOs 51 ohm cm 51 SMD LEDs 51 antiferromagnetic 51 InAs 51 photons emitted 51 stimulated emission 51 quantum cascade 51 Fig. 2b 51 Sea Surface Temperature 51 kcal mol 51 J# +# [002] 51 SiO 2 51 photodiode 51 high redshift galaxies 51 velocity vector 51 Josephson junction 51 #.#Hz 51 coronal hole 51 ultraviolet wavelengths 51 microvolt 51 ZnO nanowires 51 electron doped 51 photoelectron spectroscopy 51 photochemical reactions 51 spectral bands 51 laser pulses 51 magnetization reversal 51 ionized gases 51 detectability 51 nanoantennas 51 ° -# ° [001] 51 -# mV [001] 51 TCXO 51 relaxivity 51 ionization mass spectrometry 51 kilopascals 51 Vertical wind shear 51 ppCO2 51 unpolarized light 51 diffusive 51 #.#uF 51 nonlinear optical 51 antineutrino 51 single axis trackers 51 diffractive optical elements 51 luminous galaxies 51 optical sectioning 51 HBLEDs 51 aluminum gallium nitride 51 corneal curvature 51 filamentary structure 51 #kA [001] 51 Fig. 4b 51 X ray absorption spectroscopy 51 superior heat dissipation 51 eastern equatorial Pacific 51 x ray beam 51 candela 51 GeV 51 #.#C above 51 anomalous dispersion 51 frequency comb 51 nonequilibrium 51 hertz Hz 51 -# ° C [001] 51 pyrometer 51 #nm wavelengths 51 magnetic dipole 51 fs pulses 51 oxide thickness 51 Mg Fe 51 pulsed laser 51 1W LED 51 interferometer 51 stator windings 51 #.# MHz [002] 51 detuning 51 FLD glass 51 LUXEON H 51 zodiacal dust 51 elemental abundances 51 vanadium oxide 51 Figure 2a 51 GaN layer 51 inhomogeneities 51 infrared spectra 51 Repeatability 51 diurnal temperature 51 situ measurements 51 electron bunches 51 observability 51 calorimeters 51 5mW 51 lm W. 51 SFDR spurious free 51 cuprate 51 voltage MOSFETs 51 bandpass filter 51 dipole 51 ROC curves 51 wavelength lasers 51 coercivity 51 serum cortisol 51 gamma ray emission 51 #degreesC 51 SNe Ia 51 RNFL thickness 51 photon emission 51 argon ion 51 HRTEM 51 delocalized 51 pMOS 51 microwave frequencies 51 refraction 51 collimator 50 accuracy repeatability 50 laser excitation 50 ellipsometry 50 Helioseismic 50 temperature barometric pressure 50 infrared LEDs 50 relativistic protons 50 tensile stress 50 interplanetary magnetic 50 Spectrograph 50 measurements 50 optical spectrum analyzer 50 abundances 50 collimators 50 indium gallium nitride InGaN 50 refractive index 50 polarizing filters 50 climate forcings 50 Input Voltage 50 γ 50 single photon detectors 50 aspheres 50 aerosol particles 50 hydrodynamic radius 50 angular displacement 50 chromatic dispersion 50 DPSS laser 50 fluorescence detection 50 psec 50 harmonic distortion 50 Impedance 50 ion traps 50 Â ± 50 piezoelectric properties 50 orbital resonance 50 Elevated CO2 50 moisture vapor 50 Figure 4a 50 sub picosecond 50 thickness uniformity 50 relativistic particles 50 photodiode array 50 photobleaching 50 extragalactic 50 #.#x magnification [001] 50 thermal impedance 50 mV V 50 microlens 50 atmospheric 50 SiO 50 lumens lm 50 superlattice 50 mineralogical composition 50 DUV 50 salinities 50 laser irradiation 50 absorbs sunlight 50 weak gravitational lensing 50 post perovskite 50 FUV 50 ferroelectricity 50 dB insertion loss 50 dielectric strength 50 volumetric efficiency 50 EIRP 50 4kW 50 nulls 50 flame retardance 50 Corot 9b 50 differential scanning calorimetry 50 infrared wavelengths 50 tissue oxygenation 50 μH 50 inductance values 50 voltage #.#V 50 rotational torque 50 thermal equilibrium 50 -4 ° 50 lumbar lordosis 50 Irradiance 50 μS cm 50 subwavelength 50 Force Microscopy 50 ± #.#mm [002] 50 kinematic viscosity 50 magnetostrictive 50 diffraction grating 50 lasing 50 Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps 50 nonpolar GaN 50 threshold voltages 50 deconvolution 50 sulfate aerosol 50 photoconductive 50 tropospheric temperature 50 beam splitter 50 serum urate 50 InGaN 50 expiratory flow 50 Linearity 50 #mA [003] 50 aspherical lens 50 tropospheric ozone 50 Vrms 50 pn junction 50 pulse width 50 Dektak 50 synchrotron X ray 50 wavelength infrared 50 X ray scattering 50 Nd YAG laser 50 optical encoder 50 electric dipole 50 electronic excitations 50 hyperspectral imager 50 bosonic 50 LVDTs 50 #μA [002] 50 ellipsoidal 50 specular highlights 50 bolometers 50 +# deg [002] 50 ± #ppm [002] 50 millivolt 50 SeaWiFS 50 OSNR 50 PXI module 50 X ray Spectrometer 50 sodium atoms 50 rotational velocity 50 Delta Cephei 50 biaxial 50 tetragonal 50 stoichiometry 50 redshift 50 R Coronae Borealis 50 #.#nm [001] 50 bending stiffness 50 atmospheric CO2 concentration 50 chondrites 50 GaN LEDs 50 fractal dimension 50 microbolometers 50 Alfvén