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(Click for frequent words.) 70 isotope ratios 66 isotopic composition 65 isotopic ratios 65 isotopic compositions 64 isotopic 63 primitive meteorites 63 isotope fractionation 62 carbon isotopes 62 chondrites 62 metallicity 61 oxygen isotopes 61 CAIs 61 sulfur isotopes 61 strontium isotope 61 elemental composition 60 osmium 60 oxygen isotope 60 basaltic rocks 60 carbonaceous chondrites 60 relative abundances 60 solar nebula 60 isotope composition 59 spectroscopically 59 presolar grains 59 electron density 59 X ray binaries 59 depositional environment 59 redshifts 58 planktonic foraminifera 58 spatially resolved 58 Cepheids 58 Neoproterozoic 58 protoplanetary disks 58 magnetic susceptibility 58 brightnesses 58 luminosities 58 velocity dispersion 58 pyroxene 57 sulfur isotope 57 KBOs 57 intrinsic brightness 57 phyllosilicate 57 oxygen isotope ratios 57 olivines 57 mineralogical composition 57 sunlike stars 57 foraminifera 57 cosmic ray flux 57 aragonite 57 planetary nebulae 57 anisotropy 57 lunar crust 57 morphologies 57 chondritic 57 phyllosilicates 56 fermion 56 spectroscopic measurements 56 benthic foraminifera 56 chondritic meteorites 56 isotopic variations 56 otoliths 56 nitrogen isotopes 56 cosmological distances 56 anomalously 56 silicic 56 lavas 56 carbon isotope ratios 56 sedimentary layers 56 uranium thorium 56 IR spectra 56 chondrules 56 nebular 56 interannual variability 56 isotopic signatures 56 sulphidic 56 geochemical signature 56 BIFs 56 W boson 56 plagioclase 55 diffraction patterns 55 excitation energies 55 olivine 55 infrared spectra 55 carbonate globules 55 δ 55 elliptical galaxies 55 elemental abundances 55 fluxes 55 photon energies 55 eclogitic 55 aerosol concentrations 55 U Th 55 cometary material 55 diatom 55 periodicities 55 magmas 55 crustal thickness 55 silicates 55 biogeochemical 55 chemical composition 55 crystallites 55 globular clusters 55 Ohmoto 55 FeO 55 martian meteorites 55 Fig. 1A 55 morphological evolution 55 forams 55 electron neutrinos 55 biosignatures 54 faint galaxies 54 optical spectra 54 chemical abundances 54 Prochlorococcus 54 starburst galaxies 54 spatial scales 54 spectra 54 ULIRGs 54 AGNs 54 paleoclimatic 54 circumstellar 54 baryonic 54 spectral fingerprints 54 meteoritic material 54 Sr Ca 54 spherules 54 antineutrinos 54 conductance 54 terrestrial vertebrates 54 adsorbate 54 Raman spectra 54 isotope ratio 54 zircons 54 helium isotopes 54 ilmenites 54 inhomogeneities 54 Phanerozoic 54 seabed sediments 54 diatoms 54 dynamical evolution 54 mineralogy 54 atmospheric methane 54 potassium thorium 54 coccolithophores 54 radial velocity 54 sulfides 54 spectral signature 54 nuclei 54 catalytically active 54 extrasolar 54 presolar 54 velocities 54 oxygen isotopic 54 eclipsing binary 54 paleomagnetic 54 single celled algae 54 silicate dust 54 Mercury exosphere 54 biogenic 53 magnetite crystals 53 heterogeneities 53 Fe Mn 53 interglacial periods 53 oxygen isotopic composition 53 noble gases 53 neutrino mass 53 geoneutrinos 53 nucleosynthesis 53 fig. S1 53 distant supernovae 53 baryons 53 microplastics 53 ejecta 53 icy moons 53 mid latitudes 53 speleothems 53 Mössbauer 53 X ray emission 53 Hubble observations 53 Dauphas 53 sterile neutrino 53 stellar seismology 53 morphological 53 gravitational redshift 53 strange quarks 53 extragalactic 53 silicate mantle 53 momenta 53 atmospheric CO 53 diffusivity 53 radiative forcing 53 super Earths 53 Cepheid variables 53 rocky planets 53 tropospheric 53 brachiopods 53 SNe Ia 53 anomalous REE 53 methanogens 53 stromatolites 53 biotite rich 53 terrestrial planets 53 apatite 53 stony meteorites 53 prokaryotes 53 lunar meteorites 53 Supplementary Fig 53 microscopic specks 53 electrons orbiting 53 gravitational lenses 53 concretions 53 Late Ordovician 53 ab initio calculations 53 basaltic 53 magnetic anisotropy 53 ostracods 53 lake sediments 53 glacial interglacial 53 carbonaceous material 53 stromatolite 53 jarosite 53 hydrated minerals 53 X ray wavelengths 53 dynamical processes 53 Fig. 3b 53 pyrope garnet 53 Milky Way halo 53 nitrogen isotope 53 Kuiper Belt Objects 53 Earthlike planets 53 brown dwarfs 53 IRC +# 53 magmatic 53 dipole moment 52 taxa 52 olivine crystals 52 micrometre sized 52 pathfinder element 52 comet nuclei 52 Kepler #b 52 cuprates 52 amplitudes 52 interstellar clouds 52 conductivity 52 cosmic ray intensity 52 anomalism 52 deep convective clouds 52 leachability 52 type Ia supernova 52 interstellar dust clouds 52 electrical conductance 52 thermodynamic stability 52 magnetic substorms 52 pnictides 52 AB Aurigae 52 bosonic 52 iron oxides 52 weakly interacting 52 Supplementary Table 52 extrasolar planetary systems 52 hematite mineral 52 peridotites 52 cryovolcanism 52 magnetization 52 Hipparcos 52 superposed 52 absorption spectra 52 quasiparticle 52 X ray binary 52 total solar irradiance 52 electrical resistivity 52 basalts 52 tholins 52 red supergiants 52 sulfidic 52 spinels 52 transiting planets 52 spatial variability 52 polar mesospheric clouds 52 chlorophyll concentrations 52 electrical conductivity 52 ostracodes 52 Bulk density 52 aerosol particles 52 masers 52 chirality 52 Mg Ca 52 shear modulus 52 magnetic polarity 52 Martian meteorites 52 oligotrophic 52 placental mammals 52 silicate minerals 52 redshift 52 inhomogeneous 52 lunar craters 52 Kuiper belt objects 52 neodymium Nd 52 calcite 52 stoichiometry 52 spherically symmetric 52 meteoritic 52 planetary orbits 52 isotopic signature 52 proplyds 52 magnon 52 seafloor sediments 52 vibrational modes 52 rhenium Re 51 lunar magma 51 Cr#O# 51 refractive indices 51 SDSS II 51 Type Ia supernovae 51 sedimentological 51 autocorrelation 51 copper Cu 51 pyrope 51 spinel 51 superfluids 51 active galactic nuclei 51 fluorescence intensity 51 atmospheric CO2 concentration 51 dynamical 51 KIMs 51 carbonaceous 51 photosphere 51 morphological similarities 51 supersymmetric particles 51 ALH# 51 marine sediments 51 phylogeny 51 Coulomb blockade 51 iron arsenide 51 diatom species 51 eclogite 51 otolith 51 cyanobacterial 51 habitable planets 51 temporal variability 51 lithology 51 Mercury magnetosphere 51 post perovskite 51 carbonate minerals 51 supersymmetric 51 Zr 51 eukaryotic 51 metalloproteins 51 Henize #-# 51 ionic conductivity 51 hematite goethite 51 SN Ia 51 Fig. 1b 51 Wolf Rayet stars 51 electrons emitted 51 mantle plumes 51 J# +# [002] 51 hydrated electron 51 WASP #b 51 claystone 51 organic molecules 51 trimers 51 platinum Pt 51 high redshift galaxies 51 sexual dimorphism 51 radiative 51 planetary magnetospheres 51 quantum oscillations 51 goethite 51 stellar occultations 51 Late Paleozoic 51 NEAs 51 silicon monoxide 51 multicellular animals 51 exoplanets orbiting 51 carbon dioxide concentrations 51 Bose Einstein condensation 51 olivine rich 51 unoxidized 51 Diatoms 51 radiogenic 51 iron sulphides 51 microfossils 51 thermal gradients 51 Type Ia supernova 51 reionization 51 lobate scarps 51 MgO 51 Middle Paleolithic 51 pseudogap 51 Saturn auroras 51 isotopic measurements 51 solar irradiance 51 Neogene 51 mineral apatite 51 Permian Triassic 51 carbon spherules 51 merging galaxies 51 Upsilon Andromedae 51 magnetospheres 51 galactic disk 51 Mg Fe 51 exhalite 51 Permo Triassic 51 iron pnictides 51 Mpc 51 nucleation 51 proteomes 51 Theoretical calculations 51 SNe 51 supernova remnants 51 morphology 51 uraninite 51 dwarf galaxies 51 distant quasars 51 homochirality 51 element osmium 51 wavefunction 51 millimeter wavelengths 51 perovskite 51 silicate 51 #ppb gold 51 eclipsing binaries 51 lithologies 51 detrital 51 fundamental constants 51 mtDNA sequence 51 PBDE concentrations 51 axial tilt 51 concentrations 50 spectroscopic techniques 50 filamentary structure 50 metazoan 50 irradiance 50 deglaciation 50 planktonic 50 mineralogically 50 methanogenesis 50 chromosphere 50 spectroscopic analysis 50 radiometric dating 50 climatic variability 50 circular dichroism 50 type Ia supernovae 50 neutrino oscillations 50 dwelling organisms 50 elastic moduli 50 geochemists 50 hydrophobicity 50 temperature gradients 50 komatiites 50 radial velocity technique 50 nickel Ni 50 radioactive decay 50 temperature reconstructions 50 angiosperm 50 interannual 50 planetary nebula 50 hydrogen helium 50 sulfate salts 50 copepod 50 diffusion coefficients 50 copper sulphides 50 variograms 50 Computer simulations 50 chemical reactivity 50 planets orbiting 50 asteroidal 50 Delta Cephei 50 neutron spectrometer 50 orbitals 50 bimodal distribution 50 resonant frequencies 50 Cretaceous Paleogene boundary 50 anomalous concentrations 50 mRNA expression 50 bacterial genomes 50 galaxy formation 50 mineral assemblages 50 luminous galaxies 50 microhabitats 50 gamma ray emission 50 scanning tunneling microscopy 50 fermionic 50 protoplanetary discs 50 luminosity 50 GeV 50 tungsten isotopes 50 sedimentary deposits 50 magnetospheric 50 planetesimals 50 protoplanetary disk 50 Venusian atmosphere 50 bandgaps 50 transcriptomes 50 metazoans 50 arsenic antimony 50 copper oxides 50 silicate rocks 50 interglacials 50 chemosynthetic 50 extrasolar planets 50 peridotitic 50 X ray spectrometer 50 terrestrial ecosystems 50 phytoplankton biomass 50 CoRoT 7b 50 phylogenies 50 palaeoclimate 50 Aram Chaos 50 sediments deposited 50 specular hematite 50 glaciations 50 quasicrystals 50 adsorption isotherms 50 refractive index 50 keV 50 planet Gliese #c 50 resonance frequency 50 siderite 50 ultraviolet wavelengths 50 Fig. 2a 50 rotational velocity 50 Radiometric dating 50 calcifying organisms 50 cosmological models 50 mammal fossils 50 galaxy redshift 50 hydrated silica 50 isotopic fingerprint 50 Corot 9b 50 radial velocity method 50 nucleon 50 electron pairs 50 ε 50 polaritons 50 animal phyla 50 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 50 fig. S2 50 sediment cores 50 echinoderms 50 gamma rays emitted 50 valence electrons 50 backscattered 50 planets 50 seafloor sediment 50 planetesimal 50 SN #A 50 hydrocarbon saturations 50 phosphorus concentrations 50 echinoderm 50 lunar highlands 50 Type Ia supernovas 50 quasicrystal 50 spectral fingerprint 50 interglacial 50 ferric oxides 50 Lyman alpha 50 bony fishes 50 solar minima 50 electron scattering 50 monazite 50 Ediacara 50 magmatic sulphide 50 paleoenvironmental 50 komatiite 50 HII regions 50 octahedral 50 airglow 50 diffusion coefficient 50 atmospheric aerosols 50 sulphide mineral 49 anions 49 enterotypes 49 hydroxyl 49 protostars 49 volcanogenic 49 ARPES 49 magnetite alteration 49 Late Devonian 49 cuprate 49 cellularity 49 #ppb [001] 49 silicate grains 49 antineutrino 49 interconversion 49 hydrothermal activity 49 R Coronae Borealis 49 Hubble Constant 49 phlogopite 49 quantum criticality 49 collisional 49 metal zonation 49 marine phytoplankton 49 z ~ 49 GPa 49 blackbody 49 submicrometer 49 geochronology 49 Fig. 1a 49 zooplankton 49 endothermic 49 exoplanetary systems 49 antiferromagnetic 49 magma ocean 49 astrophysical objects 49 galaxy clusters 49 eccentric orbits 49 wettability 49 isotopic anomalies 49 birefringence 49 Tarduno 49 Anomalous radioactivity 49 sulphide minerals 49 climate forcings 49 circumstellar disks 49 nonlinearity 49 RRATs 49 chromites 49 nucleobases 49 fossilized coral 49 polarimetry 49 gaseous planets 49 accretionary 49 chromitite layers 49 cosmological parameters 49 geologic 49 Proteobacteria 49 dielectric permittivity 49 KT boundary 49 samarium 49 nanoclusters 49 methylation patterns 49 situ measurements 49 HARPS spectrograph attached 49 AU Mic 49 supernova explosion 49 OGLE TR 49 isotopic fractionation 49 amphipods 49 noctilucent clouds 49 supermassive 49 Gravitational waves 49 protonated 49 quasars 49 pathfinder elements 49 stable isotope 49 biogeochemical processes 49 axions 49 sparticles 49 Bose Einstein condensates 49 gabbros 49 cadmium selenide 49 absorbance 49 observationally 49 photosynthetic organisms 49 interstellar medium 49 globulars 49 globular cluster 49 bioavailable iron 49 tetrapods evolved 49 Fomalhaut b 49 porosity permeability 49 cobalt atoms 49 ferroelectricity 49 sorption 49 atmospheric CO2 levels 49 eukaryote 49 cosmic microwave background 49 phosphorescence 49 Middle Pleistocene 49 geothermal gradient 49 biogeochemical cycles 49 surficial 49 immunoreactivity 49 amphibolites 49 gray hematite 49 geomagnetic 49 Permian Triassic boundary 49 filamentary structures 49 SN#A 49 advanced argillic alteration 49 geochemically 49 xenoliths 49 quartz adularia veins 49 micrometer scale 49 Pliocene 49 basalt volcanic 49 geochemical 49 occultations 49 Eemian 49 spectroscopic 49 melt inclusions 49 Antarctic stratosphere 49 meridional flow 49 fluorescence quenching 49 ramidus 49 depositional 49 unicellular 49 Fig. 4a 49 spectral reflectance 49 hydroxyl radical 49 gamma logs 49 galaxies 49 diffraction pattern 49 optical wavelengths 49 satellite altimetry 49 sediments 49 ultracold atoms 49 sulphidation 49 pyrite marcasite 49 mammalian fatty acid 49 undoped 49 geophysical signatures 49 Cassini ion 49 nitrogen fixation 49 volcanism 49 microbial ecosystems 49 disseminated magnetite 49 microdiamond 49 microscopic phytoplankton 49 tonalite 49 magnetotactic bacteria 49 Behrenfeld 49 supergiant stars 49 proton proton 49 salinities 49 dipolar 49 HiRISE image 49 latitudes 49 forcings 49 G# garnets 49 protoplanetary 49 crustal rocks 49 particle sizes 49 helium nuclei 49 exosphere 49 neutralinos 49 ULP cepheids 49 radiocarbon dated 49 chrome diopside 49 metabolite concentrations 49 dunite 49 mineralized mafic 49 photoelectron spectroscopy 49 geophysically 49 spiral nebulae 49 densities 49 mantle xenoliths 49 Paleocene Eocene 49 mineral hematite 49 infrared spectroscopy 49 bilaterians 48 microcavities 48 heterozygosity 48 blazars 48 sulphide veins 48 thermal conductivities 48 photoluminescence 48 gravitationally lensed 48 CoRoT 9b 48 GRBs 48 weak gravitational lensing 48 stellar nurseries 48 Amundsen Sea 48 coastal upwelling 48 Seyfert galaxies 48 asthenosphere 48 phonon 48 colloidal crystals 48 vesper bats 48 supersolid 48 CMB radiation 48 bastnasite 48 supernova explosions 48 ellipsoids 48 cytochrome b 48 quartz adularia 48 kyr 48 metasomatic 48 angiosperms 48 ytterbium 48 anisotropic 48 clathrates 48 crystalline solids 48 infrared spectral 48 granitic basement 48 upper tropospheric 48 Milankovitch cycles 48 adatoms 48 bryozoans 48 spectral signatures 48 Anisotropy 48 reaction kinetics 48 deuterated 48 zonation 48 Muons 48 dirty snowballs 48 binary asteroid 48 explosive volcanism 48 matter antimatter asymmetry 48 Ordovician 48 sunspot numbers 48 phenotypic variation 48 faunas 48 morphologically 48 carbonate veins 48 chrome diopsides 48 palaeo 48 gravitational interactions 48 mesospheric 48 CO2 concentrations 48 γ 48 phylogenetically 48 interstellar cloud 48 radiocarbon dates 48 ammonium ions 48 unicellular organisms 48 facies 48 Gaensler 48 interstellar dust grains 48 phylogenetic relationships 48 exoplanetary 48 Cancri e 48 superheavy elements 48 alteration assemblages 48 methane ethane 48 volcanic aerosols 48 PGE mineralization 48 microbialites 48 Higgs particle 48 rhyolites 48 yttrium Y 48 biosignature 48 archaeal 48 epidote 48 HL Tau 48 inorganic ions 48 cuticular 48 protoplanet 48 nanosized 48 strange quark 48 Antarctic Dry Valleys 48 dielectric constants 48 Magnetars 48 specular reflection 48 oscillations 48 kcal mol 48 isotherms 48 missing baryons 48 True thicknesses 48 radiocarbon 48 smectite 48 amphibole 48 luminescence 48 N acetylaspartate 48 Fig. 3A 48 proton decay 48 vibrational frequencies 48 igneous rocks 48 linkage disequilibrium 48 electron affinities 48 olivine mineral 48 colocalization 48 fluorimetry 48 pillow lavas 48 detectability 48 solar corona 48 W bosons 48 multi decadal 48 ocean basins 48 α synuclein 48 spectral 48 planetary atmospheres 48 circumstellar disk 48 volumetrically 48 geoid 48 Murchison meteorite 48 manganese oxide 48 planemos 48 pentacene molecule 48 geochemistry 48 Ordovician extinction 48 dI dV 48 phytoplankton populations 48 mineral olivine 48 komatiitic 48 tetrahedral 48 crinoid 48 XTE J# 48 Mojzsis 48 habitable zones 48 iridium 48 dopant atoms 48 meV 48 magnetisation 48 Cenozoic 48 nuclides 48 cuprate superconductors 48 dickite 48 pyrophyllite 48 magmatism 48 conodonts 48 glaciation 48 yttrium 48 graphene electrons 48 supernovae 48 isotherm 48 CoRoT satellite 48 siliciclastic 48 COROT 7b 48 microlensing events 48 Young modulus 48 gravitational microlensing 48 turbidites 48 cm -3 48 x ray absorption spectroscopy 48 adsorbed 48 faunal 48 radial velocity measurements 48 SNR #-#.# 48 Fig. 48 glacial interglacial cycles 48 2D 4D 48 CoRoT #b 48 REE bearing 48 hamartomas 48 nebulae 48 diffusive 48 atmospheric CO2 concentrations 48 Eta Carinae 48 planets orbiting distant 48 Chlamydomonas 48 igneous 48 vibrational frequency 48 ocean eddies 48 superconduct 48 Cosmic Microwave Background 48 crinoids 48 manganese oxides 48 magma chambers 48 variogram 48 corundum 48 Densities 48 Large Magellanic Cloud 48 physiologies 48 Cassini flyby 48 specularite 48 stratigraphic sequence 48 subseafloor 48 Ediacaran 48 exciton 48 photolysis 48 planet Gliese #g 48 electron neutrino 48 SWNTs 48 nucleate 48 anomalous antimony 48 hematite 48 aqueous environments 48 Kuiper belt 48 Fig. 1d 48 acid soluble 48 trace chalcopyrite 48 reflection nebula 48 photoemission 48 ref. 48 phytoplankton 48 spectrographs 48 2 MeV electron 48 vanadium oxide 48 muon neutrinos 48 Red Rectangle 48 icosahedral 48 electron electron 48 chromite grains 48 Doppler shifts 48 scheelite 48 Fig. 2A 48 barometric pressures 48 silicification quartz 48 orbital eccentricity 48 fig. S5 48 kimberlitic indicator minerals 48 oxidized phospholipids 48 hydrothermal vent 48 conformations 48 multi celled 48 X ray telescopes 48 B meson 48 crystalline silicates 48 photochemistry 48 structural lineaments 48 radiometric 48 Antennae Galaxies 48 epithermal mineralization 48 Higgs bosons 48 chlorine atom 48 Trichodesmium