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(Click for frequent words.) 62 Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum 60 Palaeocene Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 interglacial period 54 Palaeocene Eocene thermal 53 Permian extinction 51 Cambrian explosion 51 Permian Triassic 51 Paleocene Eocene thermal 51 Snowball Earth 51 interglacial 50 deglaciation 50 glaciation 50 Eemian 50 mass extinctions 50 mid Pliocene 50 Cambrian Period 49 Ice Ages 49 interglacial periods 49 Permian Triassic boundary 49 glaciations 49 mass extinction 48 Late Ordovician 48 Eocene epoch 48 Medieval Warm Period 48 GtC 48 warmings 47 Pleistocene 47 atmospheric methane 47 Cretaceous Period 47 Younger Dryas 47 atmospheric CO 47 chondrites 47 supervolcanoes 47 Neoproterozoic 47 terrestrial ecosystems 47 atmospheric CO2 concentrations 47 CO2 concentrations 47 cosmic ray flux 47 Little Ice Age 46 Late Devonian 46 Pliocene 46 Permian Period 46 forcings 46 Holocene epoch 46 dinosaur extinction 46 atmospheric CO2 45 volcanism 45 KT boundary 45 tropical troposphere 45 mammoths 45 greenhouse warming 45 solar irradiance 45 atmospheric CO2 concentration 45 Cenozoic 45 Cryogenian 45 atmospheric carbon dioxide 45 Cambrian Explosion 44 meteorite bombardment 44 iridium layer 44 glacial interglacial 44 radiative forcing 44 megafauna 44 dynamical processes 44 Triassic Period 44 Permian Triassic extinction 44 ppbv 44 glacial interglacial cycles 44 El Niño Southern Oscillation 44 hydrological cycle 44 kyr 44 solar minima 44 solar nebula 44 carbon dioxide concentrations 44 mid latitudes 44 Great Oxidation Event 44 warm interglacial 43 Ediacaran Period 43 Jurassic Period 43 isotopic composition 43 Ordovician extinction 43 Miocene epoch 43 volcanic aerosols 43 multi decadal 43 mammal extinctions 43 ENSO cycle 43 geological epoch 43 Sauropods 43 tropopause 43 oC 43 Holocene 43 sunspot activity 43 Cenozoic Era 43 Le Quéré 43 supercontinent 43 ° C warmer 43 Late Triassic 43 Gigantopithecus 43 Interglacial 42 substorm 42 clathrates 42 Devonian Period 42 abundances 42 Zeebe 42 Late Cretaceous Period 42 plate tectonics 42 carbon isotopes 42 poleward 42 Last Glacial Maximum 42 diatoms 42 climate forcings 42 aerosol concentrations 42 aerosol particles 42 Early Cretaceous Period 42 isotope ratios 42 Cretaceous periods 42 Atmospheric CO2 42 Southern Oscillation 42 atmospheric CO2 levels 42 sulfate aerosols 42 lavas 42 C4 grasses 42 Anthropocene 42 mammal lineages 42 Climatic Optimum 42 phytoplankton blooms 42 Neoproterozoic era 42 atmospheric circulation 42 coelurosaurs 42 #.#C [004] 42 lithosphere 42 Cenozoic era 41 Irvingtonian period 41 polar vortex 41 yr -1 41 Pleistocene epoch 41 thermal inertia 41 exosphere 41 placental mammals 41 oxygen isotopes 41 interglacials 41 dinosaurs 41 Noachian 41 carbonate minerals 41 ppmv 41 Prochlorococcus 41 Oligocene epoch 41 Eocene Epoch 41 paleoclimatic 41 Dansgaard Oeschger 41 Pleistocene Ice Age 41 Antarctic ozone 41 Late Cretaceous 41 El Nio 41 ENSO 41 Medieval Warming Period 41 anthropogenic 41 glacial cycles 41 ornithischians 41 hydrothermal activity 41 magma ocean 41 bison lumbered 41 ocean acidity 41 El Nino Southern Oscillation 41 asthenosphere 41 Medieval Warming 41 Polar Regions 41 magnetic polarity 41 gigatons 41 sulfur isotope 41 coccolithophores 41 Earth biosphere 41 sauropod dinosaurs 41 Mesozoic era 41 Cryogenian period 40 Stegodon 40 terrestrial mammals 40 Acanthostega 40 Triassic Jurassic 40 upper troposphere 40 climatic variability 40 gigatonnes 40 sulfate aerosol 40 benthic foraminifera 40 Wm -2 40 thermosphere 40 herbivory 40 Toba eruption 40 mya 40 megafauna extinction 40 metallicity 40 Ediacaran 40 habilis 40 anthropogenically 40 marine sediments 40 subsurface ocean 40 greenhouse gas concentrations 40 cosmic ray intensity 40 meteor impacts 40 #.#C #.#C 40 climate modellers 40 Cretaceous Tertiary boundary 40 Saturn auroras 40 carbonate globules 40 Younger Dryas cold 40 missing baryons 40 Pleistocene Epoch 40 decadal 40 Late Jurassic 40 magnetic substorms 40 basaltic rocks 40 NSIDC 40 Ice Age 40 paleoclimate 40 atmospheric concentrations 40 terrestrial biosphere 40 mesosphere 40 axial tilt 40 angiosperms 40 W/m2 40 chlorine monoxide 39 preindustrial times 39 ozone depletion 39 hydrosphere 39 teleconnections 39 endothermic 39 Hesperian Epoch 39 C# atmospheric concentrations 39 Yellowstone caldera 39 #.#C warmer 39 Tibetan Plateau 39 Middle Pleistocene 39 Harvati 39 interannual 39 hydrologic cycle 39 #.#oC [001] 39 continental crust 39 sunspot numbers 39 sunspot cycle 39 Phanerozoic 39 primate evolution 39 Tertiary Period 39 stratospheric ozone 39 glacial melting 39 Mesozoic 39 total solar irradiance 39 volcanic activity 39 silicate rocks 39 midlatitudes 39 Min Temp #.# 39 nitrogen fixation 39 Early Cretaceous 39 Chicxulub impact 39 ppm CO2 39 troposphere 39 isotopic 39 southern supercontinent 39 geosynchronous orbit reached 39 extinctions 39 cryovolcanism 39 Quaternary Period 39 Kharecha 39 anthropogenic emissions 39 chimpanzees diverged 39 temperate grasslands 39 Mesozoic Era 39 Puijila 39 polar regions 39 methane CH4 39 tropospheric ozone 39 planetesimals 39 meteorite impacts 39 gigatonne 39 isotope fractionation 39 Pleistocene era 39 evolutionary lineage 39 boreal regions 39 photolysis 39 warm interglacial periods 39 terrestrial vertebrates 39 oxygen isotope 39 permafrost soils 39 biogeochemical processes 39 megadrought 38 2oC 38 anthropogenic greenhouse gases 38 dromaeosaurs 38 Indian Ocean Dipole 38 interannual variability 38 mantle plumes 38 carbon isotope ratios 38 adsorbate 38 polar caps 38 outlet glaciers 38 martian meteorites 38 Cretaceous 38 chondritic 38 Venusian atmosphere 38 Heterodontosaurus 38 paleoclimatologists 38 anthropogenic greenhouse gas 38 marine phytoplankton 38 methane clathrates 38 Sr Ca 38 #.#C #.#F [003] 38 electron density 38 supervolcano 38 species interbred 38 Otto Bliesner 38 surface temperatures SSTs 38 sedimentary layers 38 Keeling Curve 38 Paranthropus robustus 38 mammals 38 anthropogenic CO2 38 Quaternary 38 diatom 38 sunspots 38 amplifying feedbacks 38 phytoplankton 38 sulphate aerosols 38 sulfuryl fluoride 38 anthropogenic aerosols 38 Iguanodon 38 tropospheric 38 Anthony Barnosky 38 Arctic Oscillation 38 stratospheric ozone chemistry 38 La Nià ± 38 dinosaur precursors 38 anthropogenic carbon dioxide 38 faunas 38 Greenland ice 38 trilobites 38 Woolly mammoths 38 crustal 38 ostracodes 38 Dry Valleys 38 Miocene Epoch 38 anatomically modern 38 dustier stormier atmosphere 38 biosphere 38 Eocene 38 Rignot 38 El Niños 38 Carboniferous 38 Mg Ca 38 albedo 38 speciation 38 Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO 38 Repenomamus 38 Laurentide ice sheet 38 El Ninos 38 Linheraptor 38 Medieval Warm Period MWP 38 Mass Extinction 38 sauropods 38 latitudes 38 mammoths mastodons 38 radiative transfer 38 plankton blooms 38 Psittacosaurus 38 forams 38 Rossby waves 38 Hominids 37 Appy Sluijs 37 crurotarsans 37 atmospheric ozone 37 biogeochemical cycles 37 sedimentary deposits 37 Neanderthal extinction 37 archeopteryx 37 genus Australopithecus 37 asteroid impacts 37 Luterbacher 37 glaciers melt 37 Theropods 37 Majungatholus 37 alpine glaciers 37 spatial scales 37 temperature reconstructions 37 Late Pleistocene 37 Sarahsaurus 37 thermal gradients 37 lunar crust 37 sauropodomorphs 37 permafrost 37 Friis Christensen 37 Late Paleozoic 37 decadal variability 37 lake sediments 37 fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex 37 Global Warming Potential GWP 37 methyl chloroform 37 tropospheric temperature 37 megadroughts 37 Burgess Shale 37 earliest hominid 37 climate modelers 37 H. erectus 37 glacial ice 37 Earth axial tilt 37 periodicities 37 carnivorous dinosaurs 37 volcanic plumes 37 foraminifera 37 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 37 #.#C [002] 37 Pliocene epoch 37 methane burps 37 Precambrian 37 GHG concentrations 37 midge populations 37 Schmittner 37 Gondwanaland 37 Jakobshavn Isbrae 37 Carboniferous Period 37 Adélie penguins 37 avian dinosaurs 37 species extinctions 37 poleward shift 37 Siberian permafrost 37 Trichodesmium 37 Camarasaurus 37 ostracods 37 volcanic eruptions 37 cryosphere 37 Antarctic icecap 37 Cyanobacteria 37 Maunder minimum 37 geological timescales 37 chinstrap penguins 37 Antarctic stratosphere 37 Milankovitch cycles 37 extinct mammals 37 Stratospheric ozone 37 anthropogenic warming 36 teragrams 36 glacial melt 36 Gabriel Vecchi 36 gaseous pollutants 36 Jakobshavn 36 predatory dinosaurs 36 orbital eccentricity 36 Triassic 36 atmospheric aerosols 36 anomalously warm 36 upwelling 36 Cretaceous extinction 36 angular momentum 36 Earth Overshoot Day 36 degrees Fahrenheit warmer 36 tiny single celled 36 saber toothed tigers 36 dinosaurs roamed 36 advection 36 H. habilis 36 golden toad 36 choanoflagellates 36 methanogens 36 Ozone depletion 36 Arctic oscillation 36 oxygen isotopic composition 36 multidecadal 36 Milankovitch 36 #.#C above 36 Rahmstorf 36 australopithecines 36 springtime ozone 36 Norris Geyser Basin 36 Upper Paleolithic 36 photosynthetic organisms 36 carbonyl sulfide 36 Carbon dioxide CO2 36 fossil 36 herbivorous dinosaurs 36 mantle convection 36 Hadean 36 phytoplankton biomass 36 supersolid 36 Paleogene 36 Halifax Weather Overcast 36 Columbian mammoth 36 sulfur dioxide SO2 36 global weirding 36 megafaunal 36 melting permafrost 36 mosasaurs 36 cataclysmic eruption 36 deep convective clouds 36 chlorophyll concentrations 36 SSTs 36 #ppm [001] 36 manmade CO2 emissions 36 runaway greenhouse 36 mountain glaciers 36 Ellesmere Island 36 anthropogenic climate 36 Eric Rignot 36 nitrogen isotope 36 HABs 36 stratospheric ozone depletion 36 equatorial Pacific Ocean 36 genus Homo 36 glaciers retreated 36 lowermost mantle 36 Palaeozoic era 36 earths 36 AR4 36 Ice Age mammals 36 glaciers melted 36 ocean ridges 36 isotopic signature 36 seafloor sediments 36 Ayles Ice Shelf 36 humans Homo sapiens 36 martian atmosphere 36 Extinctions 35 Arctic permafrost 35 Coral bleaching 35 δ 35 Lake Untersee 35 cyanobacteria 35 Pierre Friedlingstein 35 isotherms 35 atmospheric chemistry 35 radiocarbon 35 isostatic rebound 35 permafrost melts 35 nitrous oxide N2O 35 carbonate ion 35 Juravenator 35 moon gravitational pull 35 tropical latitudes 35 Paranthropus 35 GPa 35 feathered dinosaurs 35 abiogenesis 35 Homo sapiens evolved 35 supercontinents 35 Laurasia 35 Paleozoic Era 35 oxidized mercury 35 nitrogen deposition 35 subglacial 35 sediments 35 Behrenfeld 35 prehistoric lizard 35 refugia 35 Velicogna 35 sediments deposited 35 Protoceratops 35 Abydosaurus 35 climatic variations 35 #.#-#.# degrees Fahrenheit [002] 35 degree Centigrade 35 Paleoclimate 35 CO2 fluxes 35 Australopithecus 35 pikas 35 GJ#b 35 Eocene Oligocene 35 Greenland Antarctica 35 temperate zones 35 Kelvin -# 35 CH4 35 radiocarbon dated 35 T.rex 35 biogeochemical 35 marine reptiles 35 Greenland icecap 35 Pacific Decadal Oscillation 35 wolverine habitat 35 thermal gradient 35 Gigatonnes 35 Spinosaurus 35 partial skeleton 35 potent greenhouse gas 35 fossils 35 sabertooth tigers 35 woolly rhinos 35 temperate regions 35 fluxes 35 storminess 35 Chicxulub crater 35 CO -2 35 prehistoric mammals 35 gravitational acceleration 35 downwelling 35 Gondwana supercontinent 35 upwellings 35 Carbon dioxide concentrations 35 manmade greenhouse gases 35 Mesolithic 35 Paranthropus boisei 35 dwarf hippos 35 oceanic circulation 35 Svensmark 35 tectonic activity 35 glacier shrinkage 35 Schladow 35 temperature gradients 35 continental drift 35 nitrogen trifluoride 35 Dinosauria 35 chlorine peroxide 35 bioavailable iron 35 glacier retreat 35 reactive nitrogen 35 Tawa hallae 35 wooly mammoths 35 IPCC AR4 35 SO2 emission 35 paleomagnetic 35 planetary warming 35 dissolved inorganic 34 Gondwana 34 coprolites 34 extinct reptiles 34 N2O emissions 34 DINOSAURS 34 water vapor 34 geologic 34 microbial ecosystems 34 Madden Julian Oscillation 34 glaciers receded 34 crinoids 34 mammal fossils 34 carbon fluxes 34 Middle Miocene 34 amphibian declines 34 icesheets 34 ocean basins 34 ecoregions 34 microplastics 34 horned dinosaurs 34 Trilobites 34 anthropoids 34 Triceratops 34 Argentinosaurus 34 exajoules 34 prehistoric 34 sediment cores 34 photosynthesis 34 hadrosaurs 34 Neandertals 34 Sesia Valley 34 Homo genus 34 Ice Age glaciers 34 anthropogenic CO 34 landmasses 34 Paleocene 34 hominid fossils 34 austral summer 34 salinities 34 burning fossil fuels 34 Arctic tundra 34 crocodiles turtles 34 stoichiometry 34 Warmer seas 34 tectonic plate movements 34 dwelling organisms 34 subtropical regions 34 Noachian era 34 wet slobber 34 km3 34 Utahraptor 34 woolly mammoths 34 Upper Palaeolithic 34 sheet Summerhayes 34 hominid fossil 34 aboveground biomass 34 obliquity 34 glacial retreat 34 oceanic currents 34 palaeoclimate 34 hominids 34 warmer wetter winters 34 hominins 34 irradiance 34 anammox 34 subglacial lakes 34 glaciers 34 quantum oscillations 34 bonebed 34 equatorial regions 34 coolings 34 climate alarmists 34 geoid 34 carbon dioxide CO ² 34 plesiosaurs 34 vertebrate fossils 34 astronomical alignments 34 decadal scale 34 longwave radiation 34 coldest driest 34 mighty T. rex 34 SO2 emissions 34 Neanderthals Homo neanderthalensis 34 phonon 34 nucleotide substitutions 34 biogeographic 34 biogenic 34 osmotic stress 34 glacier melt 34 atmospheric CO2 enrichment 33 isoprene 33 nitrogen oxide NOX 33 Liang Bua 33 Eoraptor 33 cratons 33 tigers roamed 33 permafrost degradation 33 Serreze 33 SuperCroc 33 Homo erectus 33 El Nino warming 33 manmade greenhouse gas 33 Chicxulub asteroid 33 Anthropogenic 33 Alpine glaciers 33 meridional flow 33 ichthyosaurs 33 Canadell 33 polar latitudes 33 methane 33 biota 33 carbon dioxide 33 Corinne Le Quéré 33 tyrannosaurs 33 supercontinent Pangaea 33 coastal upwelling 33 punctuated equilibrium 33 IPCC Intergovernmental Panel 33 ozone concentrations 33 Antarctic ice 33 Kasatochi 33 paleoecology 33 glacial 33 Amazonian forests 33 methanogenesis 33 Greenland Ice 33 ocean eddies 33 ozone O3 33 annealing temperature 33 polar icecap 33 saber tooth tigers 33 waterbird populations 33 mitochondrial DNA lineages 33 PER2 33 halogenated gases 33 droughts floods storms 33 gigaton 33 Paleozoic era 33 C4 photosynthesis 33 phytoplankton bloom 33 ancient hominid 33 Ocean acidification 33 lobe finned fishes 33 molten magma 33 τ 33 Mapusaurus 33 sulfur aerosols 33 monotonically 33 methane clathrate 33 Pacific decadal oscillation 33 earths surface 33 isotherm 33 carnivorous dinosaur 33 Climategate scandal 33 Irmis 33 meridional overturning circulation 33 Antarctic glacier 33 nitrogenase 33 terrestrial mammal 33 sulphate particles 33 polar bears penguins 33 planktonic algae 33 horned Triceratops 33 Rubisco 33 megafires 33 orangutan populations 33 Inca civilization 33 anthropogenic CO2 emissions 33 Surtsey 33 Late Miocene 33 retreating glaciers 33 photochemical reactions 32 CaCO 3 32 hydroxyl radical 32 theropod dinosaur 32 Govindasamy Bala 32 frogs salamanders 32 radiative 32 radiometric measurements 32 supercontinent Pangea 32 acidic oceans 32 climatic 32 icecap 32 Ultraviolet radiation 32 CO ² 32 phosphorus concentrations 32 aerosols 32 sun irradiance 32 bony fishes 32 taxa 32 polar ice 32 Yearly suicides 32 thermal equilibrium 32 GHGs 32 woolly mammoth 32 vertical wind shear 32 Antarctic penguins 32 anerobic 32 soil carbon sequestration 32 microbially 32 auxin 32 Woolly mammoth 32 Amundsen Sea 32 perturbation 32 nitrogen fertilization 32 temperature gradient 32 Europasaurus 32 RBP4 32 satellite altimetry 32 extinct mammal 32 microevolution 32 lobe finned fish 32 H. sapiens 32 biospheric 32 Landsea 32 prehistoric creatures 32 saber tooth cats 32 sauropod skulls 32 hominid species 32 oxygenic photosynthesis 32 climatological 32 dinosaur species 32 Greenland glaciers 32 warming 32 fossilized specimen 32 warmer wetter 32 prehistoric beasts 32 Svante Arrhenius 32 Palaeolithic 32 ferroelectricity 32 Orjan Gustafsson 32 temperate latitudes 32 perovskite 32 anthropoid primates 32 boreal ecosystems 32 SST anomalies 32 bacterial decomposition 32 chloride concentrations 32 permafrost thaws 32 nitrous oxide emissions 32 Dr Raupach 32 Co2 32 Prehistoric Adventure 32 Amstrup 32 CO2 32 Corinne Le Quere 32 nucleation 32 ultra violet radiation 32 wetter winters 32 explosive volcanism 32 strontium isotope 32 Kilimanjaro glaciers 32 Greenland icesheet 32 abyssal plain 32 marine ecosystems 32 Atlantic thermohaline circulation 32 trophic levels 32 reef habitats 32 Carbon dioxide 32 seawater pH 31 climate change 31 ancient Mayan civilization 31 anthropogenic global warming 31 Sauropod 31 greenhouse gasses 31 Alaskan glaciers 31 author Ken Caldeira 31 ivory gull 31 evapotranspiration 31 Coulomb blockade 31 mammal 31 prehuman 31 atmospheric moisture 31 biogeochemical cycle 31 tropical glaciers 31 Homo habilis 31 Homo neanderthalensis 31 radiocarbon dating 31 Beringia 31 Homo Sapiens 31 degrees Celsius #.#F [001] 31 tectonic stresses 31 sequestering CO2 31 Kosmoceratops richardsoni 31 Pleistocene Age 31 Smilodon 31 Palaeo 31 fossil vertebrates 31 thermohaline circulation 31 duckbilled dinosaurs 31 Terre Adelie 31 loon chicks 31 2C #.#F 31 elastic moduli 31 acrylamide formation 31 lava tubes 31 greenhouse gases 31 Species extinction 31 metastable 31 receding glaciers 31 tectonic uplift 31 decoherence 31 carbon sinks 31 fossilized creatures 31 prehistory 31 species Australopithecus afarensis 31 stratospheric ozone layer 31 CO2 eq 31 assassin spiders 31 hypoxic zone 31 Luthcke 31 Neandertal 31 Patagonian glaciers 31 smoker vents 31 Earth rotational axis 31 Plimer 31 Jevrejeva 31 acetylation 31 Martian 31 absorbs carbon dioxide 31 Adelie penguins 31 NCAR scientist 31 Homo ergaster 31 dinos 31 Nature Geoscience 31 subtropical oceans 31 Tarbosaurus 31 plesiosaur 31 biogenic emissions 31 desorption 31 Paleolithic 31 icecaps 31 albedo feedback 31 Plesiosaurs 31 polar icecaps 31 Joan Kleypas 31 observable phenomena 31 hydroxyl radicals 31 Laetoli Tanzania 31 #ppm CO2 31 single celled microbes 31 Phytoplankton 31 Laramidia 31 photosynthetic 31 permafrost thaw 31 2ppm 31 atmospheric 31 supersaturation 31 peat lands 31 fossil skeleton 31 atmospheric nitrogen 31 woolly rhinoceros 31 Ice Age mammal 31 Australopithecus sediba 31 steppe mammoth 31 Basilosaurus 31 Biogeochemistry 31 PBDE concentrations 31 Middle Paleolithic 31 Warmer oceans 31 Tropical deforestation 31 mammoths roamed 30 sunspot cycles 30 terawatts 30 dino 30 carbon dioxide CO2 30 Antarctica 30 degrees above preindustrial 30 pressure natriuresis 30 homo sapiens 30 disappearing glaciers 30 Australopithecus afarensis 30 Tiktaalik roseae 30 giant sloths 30 acidification 30 Gondwanan 30 glaciers recede 30 Boreal forests 30 long necked sauropod 30 inorganic mercury 30 volatiles 30 gyres 30 radioactive decay 30 Arctic foxes