Related by context. All words. (Click for frequent words.) 65 Walter Gropius 58 Bernard Maybeck 58 Adolf Loos 56 modernist architect 56 Modernist 56 architect Walter Gropius 55 Marcel Breuer 54 Harry Weese 54 Richard Neutra 53 modernist 53 Ludwig Mies van der 52 Eliel Saarinen 52 Lorcan O'Herlihy 52 Neutra 52 Ray Kappe 52 Erich Mendelsohn 52 George Grosz 52 Modernist architects 52 Usonian 51 modernist architects 51 Mies van der Rohe 51 Gerrit Rietveld 51 van der Rohe 51 Burne Jones 51 architect Ludwig Mies 51 Gordon Bunshaft 51 der Rohe 51 architect Steven Holl 51 Modernist architect 51 Jugendstil 51 Bruno Taut 51 McKim Mead 51 Romanesque Revival 51 Karl Friedrich Schinkel 51 Walter Netsch 51 Brutalism 51 photographer Julius Shulman 50 RM Schindler 50 Miesian 50 Steven Holl 50 Maybeck 50 Craig Dykers 50 Josef Hoffmann 50 Shigeru Ban 50 Tudor Revival 50 architect Mies van 50 architect Bernard Maybeck 50 Stanley Tigerman 50 Lawrence Halprin 50 architect Eero Saarinen 50 Whiteread 50 Lustron 50 Charlotte Perriand 50 della Robbia 50 Naum Gabo 50 Kurt Schwitters 49 architect Marcel Breuer 49 Jan van Eyck 49 Romanesque Revival style 49 Prouvé 49 R. Buckminster Fuller 49 Friedensreich Hundertwasser 49 Wiener Werkstätte 49 architectural 49 Brutalist 49 architect Richard Neutra 49 Alvar Aalto 49 Perriand 49 Gothic Revival 49 Richardsonian Romanesque 49 Andrea Palladio 49 Le Corbusier 49 Edward Durell 49 Romanesque style 49 Pritzker Prize winning 49 fresco painter 49 Porphyrios 49 UNStudio 49 architects 49 Hundertwasser 49 Classical Revival style 49 Michael Maltzan 49 Jean Prouvé 49 Moholy Nagy 49 Pre Raphaelite Brotherhood 49 Joseph Kosuth 49 Taliesin Fellowship 49 Josef Albers 48 Paul Cret 48 Paul Philippe Cret 48 Bauhaus 48 Neoclassical 48 Raymond Moriyama 48 László Moholy Nagy 48 Chemosphere 48 Gustav Stickley 48 Vienna Secession 48 Classical Revival 48 Gothic revival 48 Inigo Jones 48 Feininger 48 Collegiate Gothic 48 Pietro Belluschi 48 McKim Mead & 48 Baselitz 48 Elaine de Kooning 48 Colonial Revival 48 Eero Saarinen 48 Gothic Revival style 48 historicist 48 portraitists 47 Renzo Piano 47 Romanesque revival 47 John Gaw Meem 47 Spanish Colonial Revival 47 Wright Usonian 47 Taliesin 47 Ed Kienholz 47 Beatrix Farrand 47 Hans Hollein 47 Ralph Rapson 47 Architectural 47 Tschumi 47 architect Moshe Safdie 47 Neoclassicism 47 Richardsonian Romanesque style 47 Ronchamp 47 Gehry 47 Filippo Brunelleschi 47 Charles Gwathmey 47 Kitaj 47 Helmut Jahn 47 Toshiko Mori 47 Italianate style 47 sculptor Augustus 47 Vitra Design Museum 47 Charles Bulfinch 47 Charles Rennie Mackintosh 47 Cret 47 Sol Lewitt 47 Taliesin West 47 Hans Hofmann 47 Fallingwater 46 Vito Acconci 46 Ettore Sottsass 46 Brutalist style 46 Gyo Obata 46 functionalist 46 Leon Krier 46 Konstantin Melnikov 46 Ben van Berkel 46 Arte Povera 46 Dürer 46 Glenn Murcutt 46 La Ronda 46 Finnish architect Alvar 46 Frederick Kiesler 46 neo Classical 46 Denys Lasdun 46 monographic 46 Beaux Arts style 46 George Maciunas 46 Giurgola 46 Kenneth Snelson 46 mosaic murals 46 Buckminster Fuller 46 Frank Gehry Zaha Hadid 46 Isamu Noguchi 46 architect 46 Coop Himmelblau 46 Palast der Republik 46 Daniel Buren 46 Rem Koolhaas 46 Charles Jencks 46 Corbu 46 artist Sol LeWitt 46 Kenzo Tange 46 Russian Constructivism 46 Harry Bertoia 46 Adenauer 46 Shingle Style 46 Nevelson 46 Archigram 45 Mitchell Giurgola 45 Viollet le Duc 45 Serpentine Pavilion 45 Reyner Banham 45 William Glackens 45 MVRDV 45 Ara Pacis 45 Peter Voulkos 45 Daniel Libeskind 45 Sir Edwin Lutyens 45 Berthold Lubetkin 45 Dufy 45 Christian Boltanski 45 LeWitt 45 modernist aesthetic 45 Abstract Expressionist painting 45 Pre Raphaelites 45 Tudor Revival style 45 Voorsanger 45 Julius Shulman 45 Jamie Fobert 45 Edgard Varèse 45 Snohetta 45 Romanesque architecture 45 de Meuron 45 Nicholas Hawksmoor 45 Vuillard 45 Anselm Kiefer 45 Parisian avant garde 45 Millard Sheets 45 Gwathmey 45 Theo van Doesburg 45 beaux arts style 45 Taliesen 45 Suprematism 45 Annabelle Selldorf 45 Hilla Becher 45 Polshek Partnership 45 Constructivist 45 Nikolaus Pevsner 45 Mimmo Paladino 45 midcentury modern 45 Henri Gaudier Brzeska 45 Modernists 45 sculptural objects 45 Kathe Kollwitz 45 Thom Mayne 45 Gwathmey Siegel 45 Whitechapel Art Gallery 45 Aesthetic Movement 45 Edward Burne Jones 45 Kokoschka 45 Horace Trumbauer 44 Baruch Spinoza 44 Paul Resika 44 Walter Hopps 44 Borromini 44 KieranTimberlake 44 Kollwitz 44 sculptor painter 44 Gothic Revival architecture 44 Eameses 44 Masaccio 44 Modernist painter 44 MoMA curator 44 architect Rem Koolhaas 44 Flemish painters 44 Laszlo Moholy Nagy 44 Fuseli 44 cubist painter 44 Ann Beha 44 Brad Cloepfil 44 Georgian Revival 44 Bernard Tschumi 44 Fauvism 44 Voulkos 44 sculptor Auguste Rodin 44 Rudolph Schindler 44 streamline moderne 44 Arte Povera movement 44 Giovanni Battista Piranesi 44 Aaron Siskind 44 Mehretu 44 Morphosis Architects 44 starchitect 44 firm Morphosis 44 Sigmar Polke 44 Crafts Movement 44 Jorn Utzon 44 Abstract Expressionists 44 Streamline Moderne style 44 Polshek Partnership Architects 44 German Expressionist 44 Charles Demuth 44 Peter Eisenman 44 Palladian style 44 Midcentury Modern 44 Gensler Architects 44 Fred Sandback 44 Architecture 44 SFMOMA 44 Pollock Krasner 44 Rudolf Schindler 44 architect Shigeru Ban 44 Lipchitz 44 Expressionist painter 44 Zaha Hadid Architects 44 architect Renzo Piano 44 Beaux Arts 44 fauvist 44 Karl Blossfeldt 44 Vladimir Tatlin 44 abstract expressionists 44 Roy Lichtenstein Andy Warhol 44 Sverre Fehn 44 deconstructivist 44 SCI Arc 44 Modernist architecture 44 Maxfield Parrish 44 leaded windows 43 Josiah McElheny 43 Vitra 43 gothic revival 43 Szarkowski 43 architectural historian 43 Stanley Saitowitz 43 Barbizon painters 43 Atget 43 Neue Nationalgalerie 43 Artschwager 43 Diebenkorn 43 Classicists 43 Italianate Victorian 43 Victorian Italianate 43 John Everett Millais 43 Wharton Esherick 43 Villa Savoye 43 Renaissance Revival style 43 Mario Botta 43 Tadao Ando 43 Fuksas 43 Lead Pencil 43 Rafael Moneo 43 LeDray 43 Dante Gabriel Rossetti 43 gambrel roofed 43 Morphosis 43 architect Horace Trumbauer 43 Pruitt Igoe 43 Snøhetta 43 monumental sculptures 43 Albert Gleizes 43 photomontages 43 Thomas Heatherwick 43 Daniel Liebeskind 43 de Chavannes 43 hyper realist 43 SFMoMA 43 Carl Van Vechten 43 Piero della Francesca 43 Daniel Spoerri 43 Simon Rodia 43 James Polshek 43 Suprematist 43 Paepcke 43 Jonathan Meese 43 Abstract Expressionist painter 43 Antoni Gaudí 43 Albrecht Dürer 43 Libeskind 43 Pritzker Prize winner 43 Rosalind Krauss 43 Eva Hesse 43 David Chipperfield Architects 43 French Impressionists 43 Mel Bochner 43 Predock 43 Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 43 Corbusier 43 exquisite workmanship 43 modernism 43 German Expressionists 43 architect Andrea Palladio 43 Gustave Eiffel 43 Ecole des Beaux Arts 43 Moholy 43 Konhaus 43 IM Pei 43 Mies Van der 43 SteelCloud designs 43 Italian Renaissance Revival 43 Gaetano Pesce 43 BNIM 43 arte povera 43 Berenice Abbott 43 Levete 43 expressionist painters 43 Mario Bellini 43 Classicism 43 cubists 43 constructivist 43 Peggy Guggenheim 43 World Columbian Exposition 43 Neo Gothic 43 Tony Cragg 43 Alphonse Mucha 43 Selldorf 43 Roxy Paine 43 Polshek 43 Frank Gehry 43 architects Diller Scofidio 43 Marmol Radziner Prefab 43 Lassnig 43 Modernism 43 Brunelleschi 43 Prefab 43 historicism 43 Honoré Daumier 43 abstract painters 43 Kasimir Malevich 43 Deyan Sudjic 43 Famed architect 43 Dominique de Menil 43 Neil Welliver 42 Weiss Manfredi 42 Andrea Zittel 42 beaux arts 42 realist painters 42 Carmody Groarke 42 Malevich 42 Italianate villa 42 gambrel roof 42 Adjaye 42 Neo Classical 42 realist painter 42 Carlo Scarpa 42 Rosario Candela 42 Francesco Guardi 42 Frank O. Gehry 42 Lovis Corinth 42 art moderne 42 Stained glass windows 42 Sonia Delaunay 42 Expressionists 42 modernist masterpiece 42 Dadaists 42 Ellen Lupton 42 modernists 42 James Ingo Freed 42 modernist painter 42 mansard roof 42 Oscar Bluemner 42 Gustav Heinemann 42 Japanese architect Fumihiko 42 Biedermeier 42 Matteo Thun 42 Streamline Moderne 42 neo expressionist 42 figurative sculpture 42 Victorian Gothic Revival 42 Wedlick 42 Russell Versaci 42 Constructivists 42 Dominique Perrault 42 neo Georgian 42 Utzon 42 stone archways 42 Sottsass 42 Deborah Berke 42 Süleymaniye 42 Villa dei Papiri 42 Symbolist 42 Museo Ideale 42 Tudor Gothic 42 Hans Memling 42 stained glass panels 42 Glidehouse 42 Greek Revival architecture 42 Ashcan School 42 Samuel Mockbee 42 modernist architecture 42 FXFOWLE Architects 42 Philip Pearlstein 42 Pistoletto 42 Meissonier 42 Max Liebermann 42 Massimiliano Fuksas 42 Fort Worth Kimbell Art 42 Jack Lenor Larsen 42 Martin Kippenberger 42 Lenbachhaus 42 Ezra Cornell 42 Vervoordt 42 Bensonwood 42 Arnolfini Portrait 42 Edgar Tafel 42 Joshua Prince Ramus 42 Brighton Allston Historical Society 42 sketchings 42 master woodworker 42 Dan Flavin 42 Gérôme 42 trompe l' oeil murals 42 Immendorff 42 Alma Mahler 42 David Adjaye 42 Buchloh 42 Dubuffet 42 Impressionist painters 42 Georg Baselitz 42 Art Moderne 42 Philipsburg Manor 42 Ilse Crawford 42 Cloepfil 42 Calvert Vaux 42 Art Nouveau 42 Ann Beha Architects 42 Peter Zumthor 42 Gaudí 42 Annenbergs 42 Lutyens 42 author Sarah Susanka 42 Pompeian 42 Gunnar Asplund 42 historic preservationist 42 Victor Gruen 42 Jørn Utzon 42 Tuymans 42 Albrecht Durer 42 Landmarks 42 Kunsthaus 42 Beaux Art 42 Robert Delaunay 42 neo classical 42 Sarah Sze 42 photorealist 42 Hermann Nitsch 42 Ferus Gallery 42 Spanish surrealist painter 42 neoclassical 42 Jean Nouvel 42 di Suvero 42 Behnisch 42 terra cotta facade 42 architects Daniel Libeskind 42 Paul Signac 42 Japanese architect Tadao 42 Tudor Revival mansion 42 Gedi Sibony 41 Pétain 41 Stefanos Polyzoides 41 Tom Kundig 41 Richard Pousette Dart 41 Netherlandish 41 Van der Rohe 41 La Ruche 41 painter Marc Chagall 41 ceramicists 41 Droog Design 41 Kunstverein 41 Frank Matcham 41 triangular pediment 41 Käthe Kollwitz 41 RB Kitaj 41 avant gardist 41 Edward Kienholz 41 artist Joseph Beuys 41 Jeppe Hein 41 urbanist Jane 41 Beaux arts 41 architectonic 41 Expressionism 41 Kounellis 41 metopes 41 Martino Gamper 41 Mario Buatta 41 Verrocchio 41 serialist 41 Basil Spence 41 Hitler Third Reich 41 Gae Aulenti 41 Addison Mizner 41 Jorge Pardo 41 Kolleg 41 Oskar Kokoschka 41 landscape painter JMW 41 expressionists 41 Victor Pasmore 41 Craftsman style 41 Enric Miralles 41 Chernikhov 41 Duchamp 41 Augustus Pugin 41 Haus der Kunst 41 SHoP Architects 41 Beth Hatefutsoth 41 Toyo Ito 41 William Rawn Associates 41 Oiticica 41 Edouard Vuillard 41 brutalist architecture 41 Magnes Museum 41 + Scofidio 41 Soleri 41 Haworth Tompkins 41 midcentury modernism 41 Victorian gothic 41 CollinsWoerman 41 cedar shake 41 Fender Katsalidis 41 Hammershoi 41 ceramicist 41 Félix Vallotton 41 Omer Arbel 41 Peter Clewes 41 gingerbread replica 41 Nicolai Ouroussoff 41 Columbian Exposition 41 ornamental ironwork 41 Rococo style 41 Pousette Dart 41 Colonial Revival style 41 façade 41 Hans Haacke 41 BNIM Architects 41 French impressionists 41 ceramic tile mural 41 Garver Feed 41 Jean Léon Gérôme 41 internationally acclaimed sculptor 41 Benjamin Forgey 41 German expressionist 41 leaded glass windows 41 Brumidi 41 3XN 41 redwood beams 41 engineer Gustave Eiffel 41 Alexander Rodchenko 41 Gothic 41 Diana Balmori 41 Vasily Kandinsky 41 Minimalists 41 Greek Revival 41 Victorian Gothic 41 Mies Van Der 41 Koolhaas 41 Saarinen 41 postmodernist 41 abstract geometric 41 Ralph Appelbaum Associates 41 Marmol Radziner 41 French Impressionist painter 41 Sir Edward Burne 41 Will Alsop 41 Eisenhowers 41 Renzo Piano Building 41 Surrealists 41 painter Piet Mondrian 41 Googie 41 Joseph Beuys 41 sculptor Louise Nevelson 41 Studio Daniel Libeskind 41 decorative ironwork 41 Philip Guston 41 Menil 41 KPMB 41 geodesic dome 41 Italian architect Renzo 41 Minimalist 41 Provincetown Playhouse 41 monumentality 41 Di Suvero 41 Paul Émile Borduas 41 Michelangelo Buonarroti 41 abstract expressionist painter 41 Yost Grube Hall 41 Bing Thom 41 neo baroque 41 Teresita Fernandez 41 Safdie 41 Minoru Yamasaki 41 Balthus 41 Fluxus 41 Rachel Whiteread 41 Gluckman Mayner Architects 41 Rodchenko 41 neo dada 41 Lloyd Wright Usonian 41 hand hewn beams 41 minimalist composer 41 Arthur Ollman 41 Pavel Tchelitchew 41 dormered 41 Sophie Calle 41 saltbox 41 Eugene Atget 41 artist Marc Chagall 41 Ilya Kabakov 41 Ehrenkrantz Eckstut & 41 Odilon Redon 41 André Breton 41 Italian Renaissance palazzo 41 Gustave Moreau 41 preparatory drawings 41 Architectural Record 41 fa ade 41 Klimt 41 Renaissance Revival 40 clapboard siding 40 Aulenti 40 Jackling 40 German expressionists 40 Jan Kaplicky 40 Edwin Lutyens 40 Neoclassical style 40 Rafael Viñoly 40 Snyder Kimsey 40 architects Herzog 40 Michelangelo drawings 40 preservationist 40 Pappageorge Haymes 40 James Cuno 40 Gwathmey Siegel & 40 Amanda Levete 40 von Mahlsdorf 40 de Stijl 40 Piero Lissoni 40 Imants Tillers 40 Jean Marie Massaud 40 historicizing 40 Oscar Niemeyer 40 Jean de Gastines 40 Architectural Review 40 mannerist 40 figurative painting 40 & de Meuron 40 Patrick Midy leading 40 Sonnabend Gallery 40 Antoine Predock 40 saltbox style 40 wHY Architecture 40 William Krisel 40 Architects 40 Dorothea Tanning 40 easel painting 40 transcendentalist 40 Viñoly 40 Registration Boards NCARB 40 Giovanni Bellini 40 Arcosanti 40 Impressionist painter 40 architect Tadao Ando 40 Hector Guimard 40 Thomas Nozkowski 40 painter illustrator 40 + Renfro 40 IM Pei designed 40 dealer Ambroise Vollard 40 BBG BBGM 40 Andrée Putman 40 Witold Rybczynski 40 Despont 40 marble facade 40 Künstler 40 landscapist 40 stone masons 40 Mollino 40 Dankmar Adler 40 Warhol Lichtenstein 40 Rodin sculptures 40 Victor Horta 40 Paul Thek 40 Chateau sur Mer 40 Painting Sculpture 40 leader Walter Ulbricht 40 Pritzker Laureate 40 fortified manor 40 atelier 40 glazed tile 40 timber framed 40 Pei Cobb Freed 40 Rubens Rembrandt 40 Paolo Soleri 40 Architectural Heritage 40 Romanian sculptor Constantin 40 Altoon 40 conceptualists 40 Amy Sillman 40 avant gardists 40 architect Thom Mayne 40 Tatlin 40 Rauschenberg 40 Max Beckmann 40 Hungarian émigré 40 firm Snohetta 40 Marcel Broodthaers 40 shingled 40 planner Daniel Libeskind 40 Grand Trianon 40 Emperor Franz Josef 40 leadlight 40 architectural drawings 40 Keeler Tavern 40 convento 40 Peddle Thorp 40 Pickard Chilton 40 graystone 40 Antonio Gaudi 40 Landmark Preservation 40 abstractionist 40 wrought iron balustrades 40 Art deco 40 straw bale construction 40 Barbara Bestor 40 Suprematist Composition 40 representational painting 40 Piet Mondrian 40 Picabia 40 Christopher Lasch 40 Robert Wierzel lighting 40 Cor Ten 40 oak woodwork 40 Piers Gough 40 abstract impressionism 40 Donato Bramante 40 Gothic cathedrals 40 Andy Warhol Factory 40 Albert Oehlen 40 Raymond Loewy 40 Conceptual artist 40 Franz Rosenzweig 40 Wright Fallingwater 40 James Turrell 40 Fluxus movement 40 abstractionists 40 artist Anselm Kiefer 40 Kazuyo Sejima 40 Eric Fischl 40 stone carver 40 Boym 40 Teeple Architects 40 Bruce Kuwabara 40 Maarten Baas 40 LongHouse 40 Quadracci Pavilion 40 Judah L. Magnes 40 Guggenheim Bilbao 40 Aranda Lasch 40 Aaron Bohrod 40 Postmodernist 40 Plater Zyberk 40 wide planked 40 Hammershøi 40 photographer Dorothea Lange 40 Eppstein Uhen Architects 40 Brutalist architecture 40 fieldstone foundation 40 avant garde 40 architecturally distinctive 40 Frans Hals 40 grandly scaled 40 Mannerist 40 Sol LeWitt 40 Ludwig Erhard 40 Erik Blome 40 Bernard Bailyn 40 Hans Arp 40 Neoclassical Revival 40 symbolist 40 Peter Grippe 40 Platinum LEED certified 40 architect Antoni Gaudi 40 Elizabeth Plater Zyberk 40 neo Romanesque 40 Stefan Behnisch 40 WPA murals 40 hôtel particulier 40 Goettsch Partners 40 Erté 40 impressionism 40 Pierre L' Enfant's 40 Tigerman 40 Edward Durell Stone 40 Tony Fretton 40 Krafft Ebing 40 Ian Athfield 40 richly ornamented 40 Claire McCardell 40 rococo palace 40 Theodor Adorno 40 impressionist painter 40 Piet Hein Eek 40 Chihuly 40 Paula Modersohn Becker 40 Estorick 40 Zuckerkandl 40 Pietrasanta Italy 40 Pierre Jeanneret 39 Ouroussoff 39 Abstract Expressionist 39 Boccioni 39 Scientific Revolutions 39 Jacques Herzog 39 prefabrication 39 Architekten 39 Ter Borch 39 Barry Hobin 39 geometric abstractions 39 Pritzker Prize 39 Carlo Mollino 39 porticoed 39 Leon Bakst 39 ironwork 39 artist Marcel Duchamp 39 Steven Holl Architects 39 Andy Warhol Roy Lichtenstein 39 De Voogt Naval 39 architect Addison Mizner 39 Billie Tsien 39 Mark Grotjahn 39 Massimo Vignelli 39 Jannis Kounellis 39 MoMa 39 czarist era 39 Picasso Braque 39 cedar shingles 39 porcelain enameled steel 39 stained glass windows 39 Pentimento 39 Friedrich von Schiller 39 Lozowick 39 Japonisme 39 HPRB 39 Wolfgang Tillmans 39 Arcimboldo 39 Kazimir Malevich 39 Chermayeff 39 Erno Goldfinger 39 documentary Sketches 39 PassivHaus 39 L' Enfant's 39 Dekker Perich Sabatini 39 internationally renowned architect 39 Tappe Associates 39 Craftsman bungalow 39 Lord Aeck & 39 El Lissitzky 39 Kaiser Wilhelm II 39 Olson Sundberg Kundig 39 Social Realism 39 Camera Lucida 39 Ruisdael 39 Wittelsbach 39 Henri Lefebvre 39 Inge Morath 39 ceramist 39 Fauves 39 Adjaye Associates 39 Palladian villa 39 Ada Louise Huxtable 39 Architectural Drawings 39 Alma Tadema 39 architect IM Pei 39 Obersalzberg 39 Koshalek 39 #thcentury 39 Pre Raphaelite 39 Diller Scofidio + 39 Musee Rodin 39 Historic Buildings 39 Dattner Architects 39 Renoir Cezanne 39 expressionism 39 Höller 39 Memling 39 Andree Putman 39 Solomon Cordwell Buenz 39 Les Demoiselles d' Avignon 39 DeKooning 39 neo Palladian 39 Hlafter 39 architect Minoru Yamasaki 39 Renowned sculptor 39 Olgivanna 39 architect Le Corbusier 39 Lois Mailou Jones 39 Eduardo Paolozzi 39 Maciunas 39 Potemkin villages 39 David Owen Tryba 39 impressionist painters 39 stucco facade 39 abstract expressionist painters 39 Ferriso 39 FXFowle 39 GVSHP 39 Beekman Tower 39 Hampton Designer Showhouse 39 Giorgio Morandi 39 Henry Farny 39 YUCAIPA ADOBE historic 39 Trajan Column 39 Richard Artschwager 39 ornamental plaster 39 Nader Khalili 39 Ugo Rondinone 39 architect Maya Lin 39 Scholem 39 Yvonne Jacquette 39 Betsky 39 Endless Column 39 Beyer Blinder Belle 39 Rebay 39 Gene Pandula 39 Rothko paintings 39 theologian Reinhold Niebuhr