Pondicherrypondicherry
hashave
justjust
oneone
MPMP
..
Thatthat
isbe
farfar
shortshort
ofof
aa
majoritymajority
inin
thethe
543543
membermember
Loklok
Sabhasabha
,,
butbut
withwith
thethe
oppositionopposition
stillstill
technicallytechnically
divideddivide
intointo
halfhalf
aa
dozendozen
factionsfaction
,,
itit
wouldwould
makemake
Congresscongress
thethe
biggestbig
singlesingle
partyparty
,,
andand
Presidentpresident
Venkataramanvenkataraman
wouldwould
havehave
toto
turnturn
toto
itit
..
Inin
thethe
formerformer
,,
thethe
oppositionopposition
isbe
badlybadly
splitsplit
betweenbetween
followersfollower
ofof
Mrmr
Ramakrishnaramakrishna
Hegdehegde
,,
thethe
charismaticcharismatic
formerformer
chiefchief
ministerminister
whowho
headshead
thethe
challengechallenge
forfor
Janatajanata
Daldal
,,
andand
anti-Hegdeanti-hegde
dissidentsdissident
..
Butbut
itit
isbe
universallyuniversally
acceptedaccept
outsideoutside
thethe
rulingruling
partyparty
thatthat
therethere
isbe
nono
questionquestion
ofof
aa
returnreturn
toto
thethe
goldengolden
daysday
ofof
19801980
andand
earlierearly
electionselection
,,
whenwhen
Congresscongress
usedused
toto
scoopscoop
upup
four-fifthsfour-fifths
ofof
thethe
seatsseat
..
Thethe
Druzedruze
leaderleader
,,
Mrmr
Walidwalid
Jumblattjumblatt
ââ
whowho
,,
likelike
othersother
inin
thethe
Syriansyrian
campcamp
,,
isbe
far from
farfar
fromfrom
happyhappy
withwith
thethe
Taiftaif
accordaccord
ââ
accusedaccuse
thethe
Arabarab
Leagueleague
envoyenvoy
,,
Mrmr
Lakhearlakhear
Ibrahimiibrahimi
,,
ofof
interferinginterfere
inin
Lebanon'slebanon
internalinternal
affairsaffair
,,
almostalmost
as if
asas
ifif
""
hehe
wantswant
toto
becomebecome
primeprime
ministerminister
himselfhimself
""
..
Atat
aa
presspress
conferenceconference
yesterdayyesterday
,,
ana
ebullientebullient
andand
seeminglyseemingly
confidentconfident
Gengen
Aounaoun
reiteratedreiterate
thatthat
therethere
wasbe
""
nono
presidentpresident
""
inin
Lebanonlebanon
,,
onlyonly
aa
""
dissolveddissolved
parliamentparliament
""
,,
andand
thatthat
hehe
headedhead
thethe
""
onlyonly
legallegal
,,
sovereignsovereign
andand
independentindependent
""
administrationadministration
..
Evadingevade
questionsquestion
aboutabout
howhow
hehe
proposedpropose
toto
resistresist
thethe
willwill
ofof
virtuallyvirtually
thethe
wholewhole
Arabarab
andand
internationalinternational
communitycommunity
,,
hehe
saidsay
thatthat
Lebanonlebanon
hadhave
notnot
gonego
throughthrough
1515
yearsyear
ofof
civilcivil
warwar
,,
andand
givengive
thousandsthousands
ofof
martyrsmartyr
,,
forfor
thethe
dishonourabledishonourable
settlementsettlement
thethe
worldworld
wasbe
offeringoffer
..
Traditionaltraditional
celebrationscelebration
inin
Georgiageorgia
andand
Armeniaarmenia
werebe
alsoalso
cancelledcancel
..
Sovietsoviet
strikesstrike
pointpoint
toto
crisiscrisis
ofof
moralemorale
thatthat
threatensthreaten
futurefuture
ofof
perestroikaperestroika
..
Broadcastsbroadcast
ofof
parliamentparliament
getget
moremore
viewersviewer
thanthan
Agathaagatha
Christiechristie
filmsfilm
..
Itit
isbe
thethe
firstfirst
Novembernovember
77
sincesince
thethe
revolutionrevolution
thatthat
coalcoal
minersminer
havehave
beenbe
onon
strikestrike
..
Votersvoter
leftleave
twotwo
dominantdominant
impressionsimpression
asas
theythey
queuedqueue
inin
thethe
hothot
sunsun
ââ
theirtheir
determinationdetermination
toto
castcast
theirtheir
ballotsballot
inin
thethe
firstfirst
freefree
electionelection
sincesince
Germanygermany
beganbegin
thethe
Europeaneuropean
conquestconquest
ofof
Namibianamibia
moremuch
thanthan
aa
centurycentury
agoago
,,
andand
theirtheir
orderlyorderly
,,
disciplineddisciplined
behaviourbehaviour
inin
thethe
searingsearing
heatheat
..
Byby
Michaelmichael
Simmonssimmons
Presidentpresident
Dede
Klerkklerk
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
meetmeet
thethe
neo-Nazineo-nazi
leaderleader
,,
Mrmr
Eugeneeugene
Terrebancheterrebanche
,,
whilewhile
hishis
Foreignforeign
Ministerminister
,,
Mrmr
Pikpik
Bothabotha
,,
isbe
toto
holdhold
talkstalk
inin
Umtataumtata
withwith
thethe
rebelliousrebellious
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
Transkeitranskei
homelandhomeland
,,
Maj-Generalmajor-general
Bantubantu
Holomisaholomisa
..
Oneone
participantparticipant
,,
Rinchenrinchen
Dolmadolma
Taringtaring
,,
wrotewrite
inin
herher
bookbook
,,
Daughterdaughter
ofof
Tibettibet
::
""
Thethe
Lhasalhasa
womenwoman
hadhave
mademake
manymany
anti-Chineseanti-chinese
postersposter
andand
whenwhen
Ii
joinedjoin
themthem
theythey
werebe
linedline
upup
aroundaround
thethe
Barkhorbarkhor
shoutingshout
slogansslogan
,,
""
Fromfrom
todaytoday
Tibettibet
isbe
independentindependent
""
andand
""
Chinachina
mustmust
quitquit
Tibettibet
""
..
Stockstock
Exchangeexchange
ralliesrally
stronglystrongly
in response to
inin
responseresponse
toto
openopen
borderborder
..
Byby
Alexalex
Brummerbrummer
Financialfinancial
Editoreditor
THEthe
Frankfurtfrankfurt
Stockstock
Exchangeexchange
yesterdayyesterday
greetedgreet
thethe
openingopening
ofof
thethe
bordersborder
betweenbetween
thethe
twotwo
Germanysgermanys
withwith
aa
strongstrong
andand
jubilantjubilant
rallyrally
,,
despitedespite
fearsfear
onon
thethe
foreignforeign
exchangeexchange
marketsmarket
thatthat
rapidrapid
politicalpolitical
developmentsdevelopment
couldcould
weakenweaken
thethe
Bundesbank'sbundesbank
fightfight
againstagainst
inflationinflation
..
Thethe
DAXdax
indexindex
ofof
Westwest
Germany'sgermany
3030
leadingleading
sharesshare
surgedsurge
33.7333.73
pointspoint
,,
oror
2.32.3
per cent
perper
centcent
,,
toto
1,496.691,496.69
inin
oneone
ofof
thethe
strongeststrong
dailydaily
peformancesperformance
inin
recentrecent
monthsmonth
..
Investorsinvestor
werebe
elatedelate
byby
thethe
prospectprospect
ofof
aa
moremuch
buoyantbuoyant
Westwest
Germangerman
economyeconomy
asas
Bonnbonn
providesprovide
houseshouse
andand
jobsjob
forfor
arrivalsarrival
fromfrom
thethe
Easteast
..
""
Thethe
moodmood
isbe
supersuper
,,
""
aa
seniorsenior
dealerdealer
saidsay
..
Butbut
thethe
prospectprospect
ofof
economiceconomic
growthgrowth
risingrise
byby
aa
furtherfar
half-pointhalf-point
duringduring
thethe
nextnext
sixsix
monthsmonth
raisedraise
fearsfear
onon
thethe
internationalinternational
currencycurrency
marketsmarket
ofof
ana
uncontrolleduncontrolled
expansionexpansion
andand
increasedincrease
concernconcern
aboutabout
inflationinflation
throughoutthroughout
Europeeurope
..
Thethe
Bundesbankbundesbank
hashave
beenbe
seensee
untiluntil
nownow
asas
Europe'seurope
guardianguardian
againstagainst
rapidrapid
priceprice
increasesincrease
..
Onon
thethe
foreignforeign
exchangesexchange
,,
thethe
markmark
fellfall
moremore
thanthan
aa
pfennigpfennig
againstagainst
thethe
dollardollar
andand
droppeddrop
againstagainst
thethe
currenciescurrency
ofof
Westwest
Germany'sgermany
partnerspartner
inin
thethe
EMSems
exchange-rateexchange rate
mechanismmechanism
..
Thethe
Westwest
Germangerman
Financefinance
Ministerminister
,,
Mrmr
Theotheo
Waigelwaigel
,,
ruledrule
outout
aa
commoncommon
Germangerman
currencycurrency
untiluntil
economiceconomic
reformsreform
hadhave
beenbe
carriedcarry
outout
inin
thethe
Easteast
..
""
Aa
currencycurrency
unionunion
cancan
onlyonly
bebe
reachedreach
ifif
therethere
isbe
convertibilityconvertibility
,,
ifif
thethe
Easteast
Germangerman
markmark
isbe
broughtbring
intointo
aa
sensiblesensible
relationshiprelationship
withwith
thethe
Westwest
Germangerman
markmark
,,
andand
ifif
Easteast
Germanygermany
hashave
undergoneundergo
decisivedecisive
monetarymonetary
,,
financialfinancial
andand
economiceconomic
reformreform
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
..
Ashkenazyashkenazy
atat
easeease
inin
landland
ofof
hishis
birthbirth
..
Returningreturn
toto
Moscowmoscow
atat
thethe
ageage
ofof
5252
,,
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
sincesince
hehe
leftleave
toto
livelive
inin
Londonlondon
2626
yearsyear
agoago
,,
Ashkenazyashkenazy
saidsay
::
""
Inin
mymy
modestmodest
wayway
,,
Ii
thoughtthink
Ii
couldcould
endorseendorse
whatwhat
'sbe
happeninghappen
inin
mymy
countrycountry
..
""
Inin
19631963
""
therethere
werebe
somesome
veryvery
unpleasantunpleasant
momentsmoment
""
,,
hehe
toldtell
journalistsjournalist
atat
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Cultureculture
Foundationfoundation
..
""
Forfor
manymany
yearsyear
inin
Moscowmoscow
,,
Ii
feltfeel
Ii
couldcould
n'tnot
leaveleave
thethe
countrycountry
..
""
Ii
feelfeel
atat
easeease
ââ
muchmuch
bettergood
thanthan
Ii
diddo
thenthen
..
""
Thethe
immediateimmediate
reasonreason
forfor
hishis
returnreturn
isbe
toto
givegive
twotwo
charitycharity
concertsconcert
withwith
thethe
Royalroyal
Philharmonicphilharmonic
Orchestraorchestra
thisthis
weekendweekend
forfor
thethe
victimsvictim
ofof
lastlast
year'syear
Armenianarmenian
earthquakeearthquake
..
Toto
thethe
mediamedia
,,
hehe
wasbe
engaginglyengagingly
modestmodest
andand
directdirect
,,
withwith
aa
warmthwarmth
ofof
personalitypersonality
thatthat
immediatelyimmediately
wonwin
theirtheir
heartsheart
..
Inin
hishis
openingopening
remarksremark
inin
Russianrussian
,,
hehe
saidsay
::
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
likelike
beingbe
thethe
centrecentre
ofof
aa
sensationsensation
,,
butbut
Ii
knowknow
Ii
cacan
n'tnot
avoidavoid
itit
thisthis
timetime
..
""
Askedask
whywhy
itit
hadhave
takentake
himhim
2626
yearsyear
toto
returnreturn
,,
hehe
saidsay
::
""
Ii
wasbe
n'tnot
invitedinvite
tilltill
lastlast
yearyear
ââ
thoughthough
ifif
Ii
hadhave
beenbe
beforebefore
perestroikaperestroika
,,
Ii
wouldwould
havehave
thoughtthink
notnot
twicetwice
butbut
1010
timestime
aboutabout
itit
,,
andand
Ii
'mbe
notnot
suresure
Ii
wouldwould
havehave
comecome
..
""
""
Butbut
thenthen
therethere
'sbe
thethe
counter-argumentcounter-argument
..
Soso
whowho
knowsknow
??
Andand
thenthen
aa
pausepause
ââ
andand
aa
thoughtthought
forfor
perestroikaperestroika
..
aa
courtcourt
inin
thethe
smallsmall
Massachusettsmassachusetts
towntown
ofof
Springfieldspringfield
heardhear
ana
extraordinaryextraordinary
taletale
lastlast
weekweek
ofof
aa
$dollar
11
millionmillion
plotplot
toto
killkill
thethe
latelate
Presidentpresident
ofof
Pakistanpakistan
,,
Generalgeneral
Ziazia
ul-Haqul-haq
..
no one
Nono
oneone
hashave
beenbe
arrestedarrest
..
Malikmalik
toldtell
thethe
courtcourt
hehe
hadhave
paidpay
Hashemihashemi
$dollar
11
millionmillion
forfor
preliminarypreliminary
expensesexpense
andand
toto
buybuy
thethe
necessarynecessary
equipmentequipment
forfor
thethe
assassinationassassination
..
Afterafter
severalseveral
monthsmonth
ofof
stallingstalling
,,
hehe
believedbelieve
Hashemihashemi
hadhave
trickedtrick
himhim
andand
hehe
wentgo
toto
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
toto
retrieveretrieve
hishis
moneymoney
ââ
andand
savesave
hishis
faceface
withwith
hishis
""
superiorssuperior
""
inin
thethe
PPPppp
..
Malikmalik
isbe
beingbe
triedtry
onon
chargescharge
ofof
conspiracyconspiracy
toto
smugglesmuggle
$dollar
1010
millionmillion
ofof
heroinheroin
intointo
thethe
USus
..
Hashemihashemi
,,
whowho
wasbe
foundfind
carryingcarry
twotwo
kiloskilo
ofof
heroinheroin
,,
agreedagree
toto
co-operateco-operate
withwith
USus
officialsofficial
toto
entrapentrap
Malikmalik
..
Atat
aa
presspress
conferenceconference
inin
Lahorelahore
yesterdayyesterday
,,
Zia'szia
sonson
,,
Mrmr
Ijazijaz
ul-Haqul-haq
accusedaccuse
thethe
PPPppp
ofof
beingbe
involvedinvolved
inin
""
narco-terrorismnarco-terrorism
""
andand
hehe
claimedclaim
thatthat
hehe
hadhave
evidenceevidence
thatthat
thethe
Alal
Zulfiqarzulfiqar
groupgroup
hadhave
beenbe
involvedinvolved
inin
thethe
assassinationassassination
..
Malikmalik
onceonce
servedserve
aa
shortshort
termterm
inin
jailjail
inin
Karachikarachi
wherewhere
hehe
wasbe
filmedfilm
byby
Dutchdutch
televisiontelevision
livingliving
inin
thethe
heightheight
ofof
luxuryluxury
..
Mrmr
Papandreoupapandreou
,,
whosewhose
standingstanding
hashave
risenrise
steadilysteadily
sincesince
hishis
scandal-hitscandal-hit
Panhellenicpanhellenic
Socialistsocialist
Movementmovement
((
PASOKpasok
))
increasedincrease
itsits
votevote
byby
almostalmost
twotwo
percentpercent
overover
thethe
inconclusiveinconclusive
electionelection
lastlast
Junejune
,,
saidsay
hehe
willwill
dodo
hishis
utmostutmost
toto
coaxcoax
thethe
Communist-ledcommunist-led
leftleft
coalitioncoalition
intointo
formingform
aa
governmentgovernment
ofof
""
democraticdemocratic
andand
progressiveprogressive
forcesforce
""
..
Howeverhowever
,,
thethe
Communistscommunist
,,
whowho
emergedemerge
forfor
aa
secondsecond
timetime
asas
powerpower
brokerbroker
despitedespite
theirtheir
lossloss
ofof
sevenseven
seatsseat
inin
parliamentparliament
,,
hashave
mademake
itit
clearclear
thatthat
theythey
willwill
notnot
collaboratecollaborate
withwith
thethe
Pasokpasok
leaderleader
whomwhom
theythey
indictedindict
forfor
allegedalleged
wrongdoingwrongdoing
duringduring
thethe
interiminterim
left-rightleft-right
coalitioncoalition
governmentgovernment
ofof
Mrmr
Tzannistzannis
Tzannetakistzannetakis
..
Thethe
Leftleft
Coalitioncoalition
hashave
soso
farfar
ruledrule
outout
linkinglink
upup
withwith
thethe
conservativesconservative
againagain
ââ
thethe
improbableimprobable
alliancealliance
ofof
lastlast
Junejune
hashave
beenbe
blamedblame
forfor
muchmuch
ofof
theirtheir
dropdrop
inin
supportsupport
ââ
butbut
hashave
alreadyalready
hintedhint
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
bebe
willingwilling
toto
supportsupport
aa
nationalnational
unityunity
governmentgovernment
asas
proposedpropose
byby
thethe
Newnew
Democratdemocrat
leaderleader
Mrmr
Constantineconstantine
Mitsotakismitsotakis
..
PAGEpage
""
Aa
monumentmonument
toto
inhumanityinhumanity
""
..
Byby
Daviddavid
Gowgow
THEthe
youngyoung
manman
filmedfilm
inin
thethe
earlyearly
hourshour
ofof
yesterdayyesterday
delightedlydelightedly
takingtake
aa
pick-axepick-axe
toto
thethe
toptop
ofof
thethe
Berlinberlin
Wallwall
wasbe
aa
potentpotent
symbolsymbol
ofof
thethe
destructiondestruction
ofof
2828
yearsyear
ofof
affrontaffront
toto
freedomfreedom
andand
ofof
thethe
potentialpotential
dismantlingdismantling
ofof
thethe
systemsystem
presidedpreside
overover
untiluntil
onlyonly
aa
fewfew
weeksweek
agoago
byby
itsits
architectarchitect
,,
Mrmr
Ericherich
Honeckerhonecker
..
Firstfirst
largelylargely
asas
ana
enormousenormous
rollroll
ofof
barbedbarbed
wirewire
heldhold
togethertogether
byby
postspost
andand
onlyonly
laterlate
asas
thethe
uglyugly
concreteconcrete
brickbrick
barrierbarrier
denounceddenounce
byby
aa
spatespate
ofof
visitingvisiting
Westernwestern
leadersleader
inin
thethe
earlyearly
hourshour
ofof
Sundaysunday
,,
Augustaugust
1313
,,
19611961
..
Itsits
officialofficial
purposepurpose
wasbe
notnot
toto
keepkeep
Easteast
Germansgerman
inin
butbut
""
revanchistrevanchist
""
Westwest
Germansgerman
outout
..
Watchedwatch
byby
aa
demonstrationdemonstration
ofof
50005000
jeeringjeering
westernerswesterner
atat
thethe
Brandenburgbrandenburg
Gategate
,,
andand
byby
Mrmr
Williwilli
Brandtbrandt
,,
thethe
thenthen
Mayormayor
ofof
Westwest
Berlinberlin
whowho
referredrefer
toto
""
thethe
vacantvacant
eyeseye
ofof
uniformeduniformed
compatriotscompatriot
doingdo
theirtheir
dutyduty
onon
thethe
otherother
sideside
""
,,
thethe
soldierssoldier
completedcomplete
thethe
firstfirst
barrierbarrier
inin
onlyonly
aa
fewfew
hourshour
..
Individualsindividual
werebe
seensee
jumpingjumping
fromfrom
thethe
windowswindow
ofof
thethe
buildingsbuilding
stragglingstraggle
thethe
Frenchfrench
andand
Sovietsoviet
sectorssector
ofof
thethe
citycity
beforebefore
theythey
couldcould
bebe
brickedbrick
upup
..
Soonsoon
,,
Mrmr
Peterpeter
Fechterfechter
,,
agedaged
1818
,,
thethe
firstfirst
ofof
nearlynearly
200200
Easteast
Germansgerman
killedkill
inin
thethe
lastlast
2828
yearsyear
whilewhile
tryingtry
toto
escapeescape
,,
wasbe
shotshoot
asas
hehe
climbedclimb
overover
thethe
Wallwall
nearnear
Checkpointcheckpoint
Charliecharlie
..
Mrmr
Silviosilvio
Santos'ssantos
latelate
entryentry
intointo
thethe
racerace
,,
hopinghope
toto
bankbank
onon
hishis
hugehuge
popularitypopularity
amongamong
thethe
poorpoor
,,
wasbe
solemnlysolemnly
consideredconsider
byby
thethe
toga-cladtoga-clad
judgesjudge
inin
aa
courtroomcourtroom
dramadrama
followedfollow
byby
mostmost
Braziliansbrazilian
..
Thethe
judgesjudge
decideddecide
7-07-0
againstagainst
Mrmr
Santossantos
onon
thethe
groundsground
thatthat
thethe
partyparty
hehe
hadhave
joinedjoin
atat
thethe
lastlast
minuteminute
in order
inin
orderorder
toto
standstand
,,
thethe
little-knownlittle-known
Brazilianbrazilian
Municipalistmunicipalist
Partyparty
whichwhich
wasbe
foundedfound
byby
Pentecostalpentecostal
preacherspreacher
,,
hadhave
failedfail
toto
registerregister
inin
timetime
..
Thethe
eliminationelimination
ofof
Mrmr
Santossantos
,,
whowho
hadhave
thethe
supportsupport
ofof
Presidentpresident
Josejose
Sarneysarney
hashave
reducedreduce
thethe
Novembernovember
1414
pollpoll
toto
aa
contestcontest
betweenbetween
thethe
Workers'worker
Partyparty
candidatecandidate
,,
Mrmr
Luisluis
Inacioinacio
dada
Silvasilva
,,
andand
Mrmr
Leonelleonel
Brizolabrizola
ofof
thethe
Democraticdemocratic
Labourlabour
Partyparty
forfor
aa
placeplace
inin
thethe
secondsecond
roundround
..
BERLINberlin
wasbe
aa
citycity
ofof
tearstear
andand
champagnechampagne
yesterdayyesterday
,,
ofof
joyjoy
andand
ofof
sadnesssadness
..
Somesome
stormedstorm
acrossacross
inin
jubilationjubilation
,,
othersother
inin
aa
moodmood
closerclose
toto
melancholymelancholy
..
Asas
nightnight
fellfall
onon
Easteast
Berlinberlin
yesterdayyesterday
,,
thethe
packedpacked
rowrow
ofof
peoplepeople
squattingsquat
on top of
onon
toptop
ofof
thethe
Wallwall
inin
thethe
Westwest
wasbe
growinggrow
biggerbig
byby
thethe
hourhour
..
Inin
thethe
currentcurrent
,,
probablyprobably
mistakenmistaken
assumptionassumption
thatthat
reunificationreunification
isbe
onlyonly
aa
mattermatter
ofof
weeksweek
oror
monthsmonth
awayaway
itit
isbe
oftenoften
forgottenforget
thatthat
aa
unitedunited
Germanygermany
asas
suchsuch
existedexist
forfor
onlyonly
aroundaround
7575
yearsyear
,,
betweenbetween
18701870
andand
19451945
,,
fromfrom
Bismarck'sbismarck
ascendancyascendancy
toto
Hitler'shitler
descentdescent
intointo
suicidesuicide
andand
defeatdefeat
..
Twotwo
yearsyear
agoago
,,
Mrmr
Ericherich
Honeckerhonecker
,,
whowho
succeededsucceed
Walterwalter
Ulbrichtulbricht
asas
Easteast
Germangerman
leaderleader
inin
19711971
,,
thoughtthink
hehe
hadhave
crownedcrown
thethe
post-warpost-war
settlementsettlement
andand
divisiondivision
ofof
Germanygermany
withwith
thethe
firstfirst
officialofficial
visitvisit
toto
thethe
Federalfederal
Republicrepublic
..
Westwest
Germangerman
Chancellorchancellor
Helmuthelmut
Kohlkohl
brokebreak
offoff
hishis
visitvisit
toto
Polandpoland
onon
Fridayfriday
andand
flewfly
homehome
toto
dealdeal
withwith
aa
dramaticdramatic
politicalpolitical
situationsituation
afterafter
Easteast
Germanygermany
openedopen
itsits
bordersborder
toto
thethe
Westwest
..
Whilewhile
thisthis
sparedspare
thethe
Bushbush
Administrationadministration
fromfrom
thethe
perilsperil
ofof
thinkingthinking
forfor
itselfitself
,,
oror
heavenheaven
forbidforbid
,,
takingtake
aa
policypolicy
decisiondecision
forfor
whichwhich
itit
mightmight
getget
criticisedcriticise
,,
itit
naivelynaively
ignoredignore
thethe
dangerdanger
thatthat
Bonnbonn
mightmight
havehave
aa
largelarge
axeaxe
ofof
itsits
ownown
toto
grindgrind
..
Thethe
Pentagonpentagon
andand
thethe
Nationalnational
Securitysecurity
Councilcouncil
arebe
openlyopenly
scepticalsceptical
ofof
Mrmr
Gorbachev'sgorbachev
chanceschance
,,
andand
ofof
hishis
ambitionsambition
,,
whilewhile
thethe
Secretarysecretary
ofof
Statestate
,,
Mrmr
Jimjim
Bakerbaker
,,
andand
probablyprobably
Mrmr
Bushbush
,,
believebelieve
thatthat
therethere
arebe
trustworthytrustworthy
dealsdeal
toto
bebe
donedo
..
-Reuter-reuter
..
Addadd
toto
thatthat
argumentsargument
overover
whichwhich
defencedefence
budgetbudget
benefitsbenefit
mostmuch
fromfrom
conventionalconventional
trooptroop
reductionsreduction
,,
ifif
asas
seemsseem
likelylikely
thesethese
arebe
agreedagree
inin
Viennavienna
inin
thethe
coursecourse
ofof
19901990
,,
andand
wewe
willwill
findfind
ourselvesourselves
havinghave
toto
bargainbargain
overover
mostmost
ofof
thethe
centralcentral
issuesissue
ofof
foreignforeign
policypolicy
andand
publicpublic
expenditureexpenditure
withwith
ourour
Westwest
Europeaneuropean
partnerspartner
withinwithin
thethe
samesame
politicalpolitical
andand
institutionalinstitutional
frameworkframework
..
Thethe
logiclogic
ofof
aa
tightertight
Europeaneuropean
Communitycommunity
,,
withwith
aa
moremuch
explicitexplicit
securitysecurity
dimensiondimension
,,
aa
largerlarge
budgetbudget
,,
andand
aa
hugehuge
andand
complicatedcomplicated
foreignforeign
policypolicy
agendaagenda
,,
clashesclash
withwith
thethe
insistentinsistent
pressurespressure
fromfrom
othersother
toto
joinjoin
..
Amongamong
politicianspolitician
whowho
havehave
spentspend
theirtheir
liveslife
workingwork
withinwithin
thethe
seeminglyseemingly
fixedfixed
assumptionsassumption
ofof
thethe
Coldcold
Warwar
camecome
aa
soberingsobering
recognitionrecognition
ofof
thethe
speedspeed
andand
scalescale
ofof
eventsevent
,,
whichwhich
eveneven
promptedprompt
Mrsmrs
Thatcherthatcher
toto
stressstress
thatthat
talktalk
ofof
aa
reunitedreunited
Germanygermany
wasbe
""
goinggo
muchmuch
tootoo
fastfast
..
Whilewhile
thethe
Primeprime
Ministerminister
immediatelyimmediately
offeredoffer
thethe
useuse
ofof
Britishbritish
militarymilitary
campscamp
inin
Westwest
Germanygermany
toto
helphelp
copecope
withwith
thethe
currentcurrent
surgesurge
ofof
refugeesrefugee
,,
herher
Foreignforeign
Secretarysecretary
,,
Mrmr
Douglasdouglas
Hurdhurd
,,
promisedpromise
Easteast
Germanygermany
thethe
kindkind
ofof
practicalpractical
helphelp
inin
creatingcreate
aa
moremuch
market-orientatedmarket-orientated
economyeconomy
whichwhich
Britainbritain
hashave
givengive
Polandpoland
ââ
somesome
£pound
2525
millionmillion
ofof
""
Knowknow
Howhow
""
fundsfund
overover
2525
yearsyear
andand
isbe
pledgedpledge
toto
givegive
toto
ex-Communistex-communist
Hungaryhungary
..
Mrsmrs
Chamorrochamorro
declineddecline
toto
givegive
interviewsinterview
whilewhile
inin
Washingtonwashington
butbut
inin
ana
articlearticle
publishedpublish
thisthis
weekweek
,,
sheshe
wrotewrite
::
""
Tenten
yearsyear
ofof
livingliving
dangerouslydangerously
hashave
broughtbring
civilcivil
warwar
,,
ana
exodusexodus
ofof
aa
fifthfifth
ofof
ourour
countrymencountryman
,,
ana
annualannual
inflationinflation
ofof
30,00030,000
per cent
perper
centcent
,,
4040
per cent
perper
centcent
unemploymentunemployment
andand
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
ourour
historyhistory
,,
massmass
hungerhunger
..
Toto
measuremeasure
thethe
paralysingparalysing
effecteffect
ofof
suchsuch
aa
prospectprospect
onon
militarymilitary
plannersplanner
,,
oneone
hashave
onlyonly
toto
visualisevisualise
thethe
Britishbritish
andand
Americanamerican
tanktank
divisionsdivision
manoeuvringmanoeuvre
alongalong
thethe
innerinner
Germangerman
borderborder
,,
whilewhile
Easteast
Germansgerman
whosewhose
invasioninvasion
theythey
arebe
supposedlysupposedly
repellingrepel
streamstream
pastpast
westwardswestwards
inin
theirtheir
overloadedoverloaded
Ladasladas
andand
Brabantsbrabants
..
Violenceviolence
eruptserupt
onon
Basquebasque
funeralfuneral
dayday
..
PROTESTERSprotester
setset
firefire
toto
banksbank
andand
officesoffice
ofof
thethe
rulingruling
Socialistsocialist
Partyparty
yesterdayyesterday
asas
Basquesbasque
mournedmourn
thethe
assassinationassassination
ofof
oneone
ofof
theirtheir
leadersleader
..
at least
Atat
leastleast
ninenine
policepolice
werebe
hurthurt
andand
aboutabout
1010
peoplepeople
detaineddetain
inin
clashesclash
betweenbetween
securitysecurity
forcesforce
,,
demonstratorsdemonstrator
andand
strikestrike
picketspicket
inin
thethe
Basquebasque
regionregion
andand
thethe
neighbouringneighbouring
Navarrenavarre
provinceprovince
,,
locallocal
governmentgovernment
officialsofficial
saidsay
..
Tenstens
ofof
thousandsthousands
ofof
mournersmourner
accompaniedaccompany
thethe
coffincoffin
ofof
Mrmr
Josujosu
Muguruzamuguruza
inin
aa
funeralfuneral
processionprocession
throughthrough
thethe
centrecentre
ofof
Bilbaobilbao
,,
chantingchant
""
independenceindependence
""
andand
""
longlong
livelive
ETAeta
""
..
Mrmr
Muguruzamuguruza
wasbe
shotshoot
deaddead
byby
maskedmasked
gunmengunman
asas
hehe
dineddine
withwith
colleaguescolleague
fromfrom
Herriherri
Batasunabatasuna
((
People'speople
Unityunity
))
atat
aa
hotelhotel
inin
Madridmadrid
onon
Mondaymonday
nightnight
..
HeNO_LEMMA_FORM_IDENTIFIED
hadhave
beenbe
electedelect
lastlast
monthmonth
toto
thethe
Spanishspanish
Parliamentparliament
andand
wasbe
murderedmurder
thethe
nightnight
beforebefore
hehe
wasbe
toto
taketake
hishis
seatseat
..
Mrmr
Inakiinaki
Esnaolaesnaola
,,
anotheranother
ofof
Herriherri
Batasuna'sbatasuna
fourfour
deputies-electdeputy-elect
,,
wasbe
seriouslyseriously
woundedwound
inin
thethe
attackattack
..
Doctorsdoctor
saidsay
yesterdayyesterday
hishis
conditioncondition
hadhave
improvedimprove
significantlysignificantly
,,
butbut
thatthat
itit
wasbe
stillstill
seriousserious
..
Radicalsradical
hurledhurl
petrolpetrol
bombsbomb
atat
severalseveral
banksbank
,,
setset
alightalight
twotwo
officesoffice
ofof
thethe
Socialistsocialist
Workersworker
Partyparty
((
PSOEpsoe
))
inin
Eibareibar
andand
Lezolezo
andand
ransackedransack
thethe
headquartersheadquarters
ofof
aa
moderatemoderate
Basquebasque
nationalistnationalist
partyparty
..
more than
Moremore
thanthan
100100
carscar
forfor
exportexport
atat
thethe
portport
ofof
Pasajespasajes
werebe
stonedstone
..
Barricadesbarricade
andand
bombbomb
threatsthreat
paralysedparalyse
publicpublic
transporttransport
inin
thethe
Basquebasque
regionregion
..
Mostmost
shopsshop
heededheed
Herriherri
Batasuna'sbatasuna
callcall
forfor
aa
24-hour24-hour
strikestrike
..
Herriherri
Batasunabatasuna
hashave
calledcall
thethe
killingkill
aa
statestate
crimecrime
andand
blamedblame
thethe
Socialistsocialist
governmentgovernment
..
Ceausescuceausescu
inin
callcall
forfor
Hitlerhitler
treatiestreaty
toto
bebe
annulledannul
..
Byby
Ianian
Traynortraynor
inin
Viennavienna
ASas
thethe
ideologicalideological
gulfgulf
betweenbetween
Moscowmoscow
andand
Bucharestbucharest
yawnsyawn
everever
widerwide
,,
thethe
Romanianromanian
leaderleader
,,
Presidentpresident
Nicolaenicolae
Ceausescuceausescu
,,
hashave
raisedraise
thethe
potentiallypotentially
explosiveexplosive
issueissue
ofof
formerformer
Romanianromanian
territoriesterritory
annexedannex
byby
thethe
Kremlinkremlin
duringduring
thethe
secondsecond
worldworld
warwar
..
Inin
aa
speechspeech
toto
thethe
Romanianromanian
Communistcommunist
Partyparty
Congresscongress
earlierearlier
thisthis
weekweek
,,
hehe
attackedattack
thethe
Stalin-Hitlerstalin-hitler
pactpact
ofof
19391939
thatthat
carvedcarve
upup
Polandpoland
andand
thethe
Balticbaltic
statesstate
betweenbetween
themthem
,,
butbut
alsoalso
cededcede
Bessarabiabessarabia
ââ
thenthen
partpart
ofof
Romaniaromania
andand
nownow
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Republicrepublic
ofof
Moldaviamoldavia
ââ
toto
Moscowmoscow
..
Mrmr
Ceausescuceausescu
demandeddemand
thatthat
""
allall
treatiestreaty
withwith
Hitler'shitler
Germanygermany
bebe
annulledannul
""
andand
""
practicalpractical
stepsstep
takentake
toto
reversereverse
thethe
consequencesconsequence
ofof
thosethose
treatiestreaty
..
""
Presidentpresident
Ceausescuceausescu
hashave
generallygenerally
keptkeep
quietquiet
onon
thethe
Moldavianmoldavian
issueissue
,,
whilewhile
routinelyroutinely
stressingstress
Romanianromanian
nationalnational
sovereigntysovereignty
andand
independenceindependence
..
Butbut
Romania'sromania
officialofficial
presspress
hashave
reportedreport
extensivelyextensively
onon
thethe
ethnicethnic
unrestunrest
acrossacross
thethe
borderborder
,,
whilewhile
,,
for example
forfor
exampleexample
,,
failingfail
toto
reportreport
onon
thethe
radicalradical
reformreform
andand
streetstreet
demonstrationsdemonstration
takingtake
placeplace
inin
otherother
Warsawwarsaw
Pactpact
countriescountry
..
Speakersspeaker
denounceddenounce
""
anti-Communistanti-communist
theoriestheory
thatthat
questionedquestion
thethe
legitimacylegitimacy
ofof
socialismsocialism
..
""
ANa
independentindependent
inquiryinquiry
yesterdayyesterday
backedback
upup
allegationsallegation
thatthat
aa
Southsouth
Africanafrican
policepolice
""
deathdeath
squadsquad
""
hadhave
killedkill
anti-apartheidanti-apartheid
activistsactivist
..
Setset
upup
onon
thethe
initiativeinitiative
ofof
thethe
secretary-generalsecretary-general
ofof
thethe
Southsouth
Africanafrican
Councilcouncil
ofof
Churcheschurch
,,
thethe
Reverendreverend
Frankfrank
Chikanechikane
,,
thethe
Independentindependent
Boardboard
ofof
Inquiryinquiry
intointo
Informalinformal
Repressionrepression
hashave
investigatedinvestigate
fivefive
episodesepisode
inin
whichwhich
thethe
""
deathdeath
squadsquad
""
wasbe
involvedinvolve
..
Itit
foundfind
""
significantsignificant
corroborationcorroboration
""
ofof
thethe
chargescharge
mademake
byby
thethe
ex-policemanex-policeman
,,
Almondalmond
Nofomelanofomela
..
Mrsmrs
Thatcherthatcher
willwill
havehave
toto
bebe
satisfiedsatisfied
withwith
thethe
assurancesassurance
sheshe
willwill
receivereceive
fromfrom
Mrmr
Bushbush
,,
whowho
willwill
telltell
herher
thatthat
,,
sincesince
defencedefence
cutscut
arebe
politicallypolitically
inevitableinevitable
,,
itit
isbe
farfar
bettergood
forfor
modestmodest
andand
plannedplanned
reductionsreduction
toto
bebe
proposedpropose
byby
hishis
cabinetcabinet
andand
thethe
Pentagonpentagon
thanthan
forfor
swingeingswingeing
cutscut
toto
bebe
imposedimpose
byby
thethe
USus
Congresscongress
,,
whichwhich
isbe
alreadyalready
chafingchafe
atat
thethe
thoughtthought
ofof
thethe
USus
budgetbudget
deficitdeficit
beingbe
deepeneddeepen
toto
paypay
forfor
thethe
defencedefence
ofof
thethe
wealthywealthy
Europeanseuropean
..
Inin
thisthis
Europeeurope
therethere
isbe
aa
Benettonbenetton
inin
everyevery
highhigh
streetstreet
,,
Badoitbadoit
andand
Czechczech
Budweiserbudweiser
inin
everyevery
fridgefridge
,,
ana
Armaniarmani
jacketjacket
inin
everyevery
wardrobewardrobe
,,
beaujolais nouveau
Beaujolaisbeaujolais
Nouveaunouveau
onon
everyevery
tabletable
,,
cablecable
andand
satellitesatellite
televisiontelevision
channelschannel
inin
manymany
languageslanguage
inin
everyevery
livingliving
roomroom
,,
ana
Umbertoumberto
Ecoeco
novelnovel
onon
everyevery
bookshelfbookshelf
,,
aa
Volvovolvo
inin
everyevery
garagegarage
,,
wherewhere
CDsCD
ofof
Thethe
Orchestraorchestra
ofof
thethe
Ageage
ofof
Enlightenmentenlightenment
lielie
casuallycasually
next to
nextnext
toto
Eurythmicseurythmics
,,
andand
wherewhere
nippingnip
acrossacross
toto
Parisparis
forfor
thethe
dayday
isbe
asas
naturalnatural
asas
doingdo
aa
day'sday
businessbusiness
inin
Londonlondon
..
Onon
thatthat
evidenceevidence
,,
thereforetherefore
,,
andand
in spite of
inin
spitespite
ofof
lastlast
night'snight
ominousominous
phrasesphrase
thatthat
thethe
governmentgovernment
wouldwould
notnot
toleratetolerate
""
chaoschaos
andand
anarchyanarchy
""
,,
itit
seemsseem
thatthat
thethe
statementstatement
isbe
moremuch
likelylikely
toto
bebe
aa
specificspecific
warningwarning
ââ
thatthat
peoplepeople
breakingbreak
inin
toto
armouriesarmoury
toto
stealsteal
weaponsweapon
oror
ammunitionammunition
couldcould
expectexpect
toto
bebe
metmeet
byby
physicalphysical
forceforce
ââ
thanthan
aa
signsign
thatthat
thethe
militarymilitary
arebe
planningplan
aa
politicalpolitical
takeovertakeover
..
Onon
thethe
firstfirst
anniversaryanniversary
ofof
thatthat
invasioninvasion
,,
whenwhen
thousandsthousands
ofof
Czechoslovakczechoslovak
demonstratorsdemonstrator
werebe
disperseddisperse
onon
Mrmr
Husak'shusak
ordersorder
byby
thethe
policepolice
withwith
militarymilitary
supportsupport
,,
hehe
wasbe
awardedaward
thethe
Orderorder
ofof
Leninlenin
,,
thethe
highesthigh
honourhonour
thethe
Russiansrussian
couldcould
givegive
himhim
,,
andand
hishis
acceptanceacceptance
ofof
itit
sealedseal
hishis
fatefate
once and for all
onceonce
andand
forfor
allall
..
Withinwithin
twotwo
yearsyear
ofof
becomingbecome
partyparty
leaderleader
hehe
purgedpurge
allall
butbut
2626
ofof
thethe
centralcentral
committeecommittee
membersmember
whowho
hadhave
beenbe
inin
officeoffice
beforebefore
thethe
invasioninvasion
..
Soso
farfar
asas
isbe
knownknow
,,
nobodynobody
elseelse
hashave
beenbe
arrestedarrest
oror
chargedcharge
in connection with
inin
connectionconnection
withwith
thethe
murdermurder
ofof
Mrmr
Mxengemxenge
..
Thethe
Statestate
Presidentpresident
,,
Mrmr
F.f.
W.w.
dede
Klerkklerk
,,
lastlast
weekweek
refusedrefuse
toto
orderorder
aa
judicialjudicial
commissioncommission
ofof
inquiryinquiry
intointo
thethe
death-squaddeath-squad
allegationsallegation
onon
thethe
groundground
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
bebe
fasterfast
toto
useuse
thethe
""
triedtried
andand
respectedrespected
prosecutionprosecution
mechanismsmechanism
ofof
thethe
statestate
""
..
Thethe
Romanianromanian
ambassadorambassador
inin
Londonlondon
,,
Mrmr
Stanstan
Soaresoare
,,
wasbe
summonedsummon
toto
thethe
Foreignforeign
Officeoffice
wherewhere
Mrmr
Williamwilliam
Waldegravewaldegrave
,,
thethe
Juniorjunior
Ministerminister
responsibleresponsible
forfor
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
,,
saidsay
""
thethe
rightright
thingthing
""
forfor
Romanianromanian
statestate
employeesemployee
,,
includinginclude
thosethose
workingwork
forfor
thethe
securitysecurity
servicesservice
,,
toto
dodo
wasbe
toto
representrepresent
""
thethe
truetrue
willwill
ofof
thethe
Romanianromanian
peoplepeople
""
andand
overthrowoverthrow
thethe
Ceausescuceausescu
Governmentgovernment
..
Mrmr
Frankfrank
Rubinorubino
,,
aa
Miamimiami
lawyerlawyer
,,
negotiatednegotiate
withwith
Mrmr
Michaelmichael
Kozakkozak
,,
thethe
Deputydeputy
Assistantassistant
Secretarysecretary
ofof
Statestate
forfor
Inter-Americaninter-american
Affairsaffair
,,
andand
withwith
Mrmr
Robertrobert
Mullermuller
,,
describeddescribe
asas
aa
seniorsenior
staffstaff
adviseradviser
inin
thethe
officeoffice
ofof
thethe
Attorney-Generalattorney-general
..
Afterafter
demandingdemand
thatthat
Gengen
Norieganoriega
simplysimply
stepstep
downdown
,,
thethe
USus
officialsofficial
thenthen
relaxedrelax
theirtheir
termsterm
andand
suggestedsuggest
hehe
relinquishrelinquish
positionsposition
ofof
powerpower
in return for
inin
returnreturn
forfor
aa
USus
promisepromise
notnot
toto
proceedproceed
withwith
attemptsattempt
toto
extraditeextradite
himhim
..
Robertrobert
Courtneycourtney
Edwinedwin
Robertsonrobertson
writeswrite
::
Wheneverwhenever
Ii
answeredanswer
thethe
telephonetelephone
inin
thethe
fiftiesfifty
andand
sixtiessixty
andand
heardhear
thethe
anxiousanxious
voicevoice
atat
thethe
otherother
endend
sayingsay
""
Herehere
isbe
Hartvellhartvell
""
((
hehe
nevernever
quitequite
managedmanage
thatthat
Englishenglish
""
Ww
""
))
,,
Ii
knewknow
thatthat
eithereither
mymy
deadlinedeadline
forfor
ana
articlearticle
wasbe
passedpass
oror
hehe
hadhave
somesome
excitingexciting
newnew
bookbook
forfor
meme
toto
reviewreview
..
Tuesdaytuesday
ELISABETHelisabeth
WOKEwake
EARLYearly
;;
ITit
WASbe
STILLstill
DARKdark
ANDand
sheshe
couldcould
hearhear
thatthat
thethe
windwind
wasbe
upup
,,
threateningthreaten
thethe
airair
,,
poisedpoise
toto
burstburst
intointo
uncontrollableuncontrollable
ragerage
..
Sheshe
roserise
,,
pulledpull
herher
kimonokimono
overover
herher
shouldersshoulder
,,
andand
approachedapproach
thethe
windowwindow
..
Overover
aa
barelybarely
discerniblediscernible
greygrey
sheetsheet
ofof
waterwater
wasbe
thrownthrow
ana
equallyequally
greygrey
shroudshroud
ofof
skysky
,,
butbut
thethe
shroudshroud
wasbe
torntear
inin
placesplace
toto
revealreveal
streaksstreak
ofof
bloodblood
redred
andand
aquamarineaquamarine
blueblue
..
Elisabethelisabeth
openedopen
thethe
windowwindow
andand
steppedstep
outout
on to
onon
toto
thethe
balconybalcony
..
Sheshe
watchedwatch
asas
thethe
jaggedjagged
tearstear
inin
thethe
skysky
mendedmend
,,
cobblingcobble
themselvesthemselves
togethertogether
inin
aa
uniformuniform
greygrey
..
Dropsdrop
ofof
heavyheavy
rainrain
peltedpelt
thethe
balconybalcony
withwith
silversilver
stonesstone
..
Thethe
sorrowsorrow
ofof
thethe
skysky
wasbe
dissolvingdissolve
;;
underunder
itit
thethe
relentlessrelentless
heavingheaving
ofof
thethe
compassionlesscompassionless
waterswater
mockedmock
thethe
sky'ssky
concernconcern
..
Andand
thenthen
thethe
skysky
itselfitself
ragedrage
..
Aa
sheetsheet
ofof
lightninglightning
flashedflash
acrossacross
thethe
waterswater
,,
toto
bebe
followedfollow
,,
secondssecond
laterlate
,,
byby
aa
rollroll
ofof
thunderthunder
..
Thethe
greygrey
oceanocean
seethedseethe
..
Aboveabove
andand
beneathbeneath
ana
endlessendless
expanseexpanse
ofof
heavyheavy
,,
undulatingundulating
dangerdanger
wasbe
letlet
looseloose
..
""
Thatthat
poorpoor
deardear
womanwoman
!!
""
Frufru
Gertlingergertlinger
,,
Bertha'sbertha
mothermother
,,
wasbe
onon
thethe
vergeverge
ofof
tearstear
..
""
Andand
sheshe
doesdo
n'tnot
comecome
fromfrom
aa
fishingfishing
familyfamily
herselfherself
..
Herher
folkfolk
farmedfarm
..
Sheshe
'shave
gotget
fourfour
littlelittle
onesone
..
""
Certaincertain
thatthat
nonenone
ofof
thethe
menman
onon
thethe
Flounderflounder
wouldwould
havehave
survivedsurvive
,,
sheshe
namedname
eacheach
ofof
themthem
..
Sheshe
knewknow
themthem
allall
;;
sheshe
wasbe
devastateddevastate
forfor
themthem
andand
theirtheir
familiesfamily
,,
whowho
wouldwould
bebe
leftleave
husbandlesshusbandless
andand
fatherlessfatherless
..
Butbut
itit
wasbe
overover
thethe
husbandhusband
ofof
herher
closestclose
friendfriend
thatthat
sheshe
grievedgrieve
mostmuch
deeplydeeply
..
""
Ii
hatehate
thethe
seasea
!!
Eveneven
beforebefore
itit
tooktake
Peterpeter
fromfrom
meme
,,
Ii
hatedhate
thethe
seasea
..
Itit
isbe
insatiableinsatiable
..
""
Guestsguest
ateeat
breakfastbreakfast
inin
silencesilence
asas
thethe
rainrain
pouredpour
monotonouslymonotonously
out of
outout
ofof
thethe
greygrey
skysky
andand
thuddedthud
onon
thethe
roofroof
,,
thethe
balconiesbalcony
andand
thethe
terraceterrace
..
Theythey
werebe
resentfulresentful
..
Rainrain
onon
holidayholiday
ââ
soso
muchmuch
wetterwet
,,
somehowsomehow
,,
thanthan
rainrain
atat
otherother
timestime
..
Whatwhat
wasbe
therethere
toto
dodo
onon
Mønmøn
inin
thethe
rainrain
??
Plansplan
onceonce
agreedagree
couldcould
bebe
unmadeunmake
,,
atat
aa
practicalpractical
levellevel
,,
butbut
somehowsomehow
,,
andand
onon
somesome
otherother
levellevel
,,
whatwhat
hadhave
beenbe
plannedplan
remainedremain
aa
possibilitypossibility
andand
hunghang
aroundaround
toto
haunthaunt
themthem
..
Whatwhat
theythey
hadhave
wantedwant
wasbe
toto
havehave
gonego
onon
aa
fishingfishing
expeditionexpedition
..
Suchsuch
aa
delightfuldelightful
prospectprospect
!!
Andand
nownow
thisthis
hadhave
happenedhappen
!!
Itit
mightmight
blightblight
thethe
wholewhole
ofof
theirtheir
staystay
..
â¦â¦
""
Ii
'mbe
suresure
ofof
oneone
thingthing
,,
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
saidsay
darklydarkly
,,
toto
no one
nono
oneone
in particular
inin
particularparticular
,,
asas
sheshe
leftleave
thethe
Hallhall
toto
collectcollect
raspberryraspberry
jamjam
fromfrom
thethe
kitchenkitchen
forfor
aa
guestguest
allergicallergic
toto
strawberriesstrawberry
,,
""
thethe
rainrain
wowill
n'tnot
deflectdeflect
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
fromfrom
herher
purposepurpose
..
""
Fromfrom
behindbehind
thethe
doordoor
thatthat
swungswing
closedclosed
againstagainst
herher
backback
,,
thethe
guestsguest
heardhear
Frufru
Møllermøller
telltell
Frufru
Gertlingergertlinger
toto
putput
moremore
coffeecoffee
on to
onon
toto
brewbrew
::
""
Theythey
'llwill
bebe
sittingsit
aboutabout
allall
morningmorning
inin
weatherweather
likelike
thisthis
!!
""
""
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
likeslike
toto
keepkeep
toto
aa
routineroutine
,,
whateverwhatever
thethe
obstaclesobstacle
,,
dodo
n'tnot
youyou
,,
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
??
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
continuedcontinue
,,
asas
sheshe
re-enteredre-enter
thethe
Hallhall
..
""
Andand
sheshe
likeslike
thethe
househouse
toto
staystay
justjust
thethe
samesame
,,
""
sheshe
remarkedremark
toto
Frufru
Gertlingergertlinger
,,
asas
sheshe
sweptsweep
backback
throughthrough
thethe
green-baizegreen-baize
doordoor
forfor
yetyet
moremore
toasttoast
,,
""
soso
sheshe
'sbe
notnot
goinggo
toto
objectobject
toto
thethe
blueblue
roomroom
beingbe
returnedreturn
toto
itsits
formerformer
colourscolour
..
Diddo
Ii
mentionmention
,,
Ii
discovereddiscover
aa
dozendozen
rollsroll
ofof
thethe
originaloriginal
wallpaperwallpaper
inin
aa
tintin
trunktrunk
inin
thethe
atticattic
??
Ii
thinkthink
itit
'sbe
goinggo
toto
bebe
usableusable
;;
itit
doesdo
n'tnot
seemseem
toto
havehave
drieddry
outout
..
""
Backback
andand
forthforth
Frufru
Møllermøller
passedpass
fromfrom
thethe
Hallhall
toto
thethe
kitchenkitchen
,,
replenishingreplenish
thethe
bread-basketsbread-basket
,,
thethe
toast-rackstoast-rack
,,
thethe
milkmilk
jugsjug
andand
creamcream
potspot
,,
enquiringenquire
,,
""
Fräuleinfräulein
Baumbaum
,,
maymay
Ii
offeroffer
youyou
aa
soft-boiledsoft-boiled
eggegg
??
""
""
Thatthat
wouldwould
bebe
nicenice
,,
Frufru
Møllermøller
..
Andand
d'do
youyou
knowknow
whatwhat
??
Ii
thinkthink
Ii
couldcould
managemanage
twotwo
!!
""
""
Doesdo
itit
alwaysalways
rainrain
onon
Mønmøn
inin
Augustaugust
??
""
Frufru
Hulsbyhulsby
tentativelytentatively
enquiredenquire
..
Frufru
Møllermøller
,,
loyalloyal
toto
herher
countrycountry
in general
inin
generalgeneral
andand
herher
cornercorner
ofof
itit
particularlyparticularly
,,
assuredassure
thethe
newcomernewcomer
thatthat
inin
livingliving
memorymemory
itit
hadhave
hardlyhardly
everever
donedo
soso
..
""
Thisthis
isbe
mostmuch
unusualunusual
!!
""
""
Boo-Booboo-boo
!!
Listenlisten
toto
meme
,,
Boo-Booboo-boo
!!
""
Thethe
Colonelcolonel
emergedemerge
fromfrom
behindbehind
hishis
newspapernewspaper
toto
allowallow
hishis
wifewife
aa
viewview
ofof
hishis
expressionlessexpressionless
faceface
..
Herher
plaintiveplaintive
whisperwhisper
hadhave
projectedproject
itselfitself
rightright
roundround
thethe
Hallhall
,,
butbut
thisthis
hadhave
notnot
putput
paidpay
toto
herher
determinationdetermination
toto
securesecure
hishis
attentionattention
..
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
justjust
toldtell
thatthat
ladylady
thatthat
itit
nevernever
rainsrain
herehere
inin
Augustaugust
,,
butbut
thethe
dollsdoll
saysay
itit
oftenoften
doesdo
andand
theythey
packedpack
theirtheir
mackintoshesmackintosh
!!
""
Whenwhen
thethe
Tuscantuscan
Villavilla
andand
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
camecome
toto
thethe
noticenotice
ofof
thethe
Touristtourist
Boardboard
andand
beforebefore
eithereither
wasbe
convertedconvert
intointo
aa
guest-houseguest-house
,,
thethe
roadroad
thatthat
servedserve
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
andand
thenthen
swungswing
inlandinland
,,
downhilldownhill
,,
toto
thethe
rearrear
ofof
thethe
Tuscantuscan
Villavilla
,,
wasbe
extendedextend
..
Itit
wasbe
impossibleimpossible
toto
extendextend
itit
toto
thethe
frontfront
ofof
thethe
Villavilla
withoutwithout
blastingblast
thethe
cliffscliff
andand
destroyingdestroy
exquisiteexquisite
countrycountry
,,
butbut
quitequite
possiblepossible
toto
reachreach
thethe
gatesgate
atat
thethe
rearrear
ofof
thethe
parkpark
..
Butbut
itit
wasbe
notnot
thethe
newnew
roadroad
thatthat
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
tooktake
inin
thethe
rainrain
thatthat
morningmorning
..
Sheshe
followedfollow
thethe
oldold
routeroute
,,
throughthrough
thethe
walledwalled
gardengarden
atat
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
toto
thethe
pathpath
thatthat
curledcurl
downdown
thethe
cliffscliff
toto
thethe
five-acrefive-acre
plateauplateau
onon
whichwhich
thethe
Villavilla
stoodstand
atat
thethe
centrecentre
ofof
ana
arboretumarboretum
..
Somesome
ofof
thethe
rarerare
treestree
plantedplant
byby
thethe
originaloriginal
ownerowner
ofof
thethe
Tuscantuscan
Villavilla
hadhave
beenbe
replacedreplace
..
Mostmost
,,
howeverhowever
,,
hadhave
reachedreach
andand
eveneven
overshotovershoot
theirtheir
maturitymaturity
;;
theythey
hadhave
becomebecome
thethe
elderold
statesmenstatesman
ofof
theirtheir
breedsbreed
::
exceptionalexceptional
,,
memorablememorable
examplesexample
ofof
thethe
extremesextreme
naturenature
isbe
capablecapable
ofof
attainingattain
..
Herehere
,,
treestree
brokebreak
allall
recordsrecord
forfor
theirtheir
heightheight
,,
thethe
widthwidth
ofof
theirtheir
branchbranch
spanspan
andand
thethe
luxuriousnessluxuriousness
ofof
theirtheir
foliagefoliage
..
Despitedespite
thethe
proximityproximity
ofof
thethe
seasea
andand
thethe
meanmean
windwind
thatthat
gatheredgather
andand
spreadspread
saltsalt
,,
thisthis
communitycommunity
ofof
treestree
wasbe
renownedrenowned
forfor
itsits
healthhealth
..
Botanistsbotanist
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
byby
somesome
felicitousfelicitous
intuitionintuition
thethe
Italianitalian
planterplanter
hadhave
chosenchoose
specimensspecimen
withwith
propertiesproperty
thatthat
facilitatedfacilitate
each other
eacheach
other'sother
growthgrowth
..
Mønmøn
wasbe
filledfill
withwith
suchsuch
examplesexample
ofof
co-operationco-operation
,,
theythey
saidsay
..
Thethe
arboretumarboretum
wasbe
knownknow
simplysimply
asas
thethe
Parkpark
,,
andand
wasbe
openopen
toto
thethe
publicpublic
..
Howeverhowever
,,
thethe
publicpublic
onon
Mønmøn
wasbe
aa
smallsmall
oneone
andand
thethe
parkpark
wasbe
visitedvisit
primarilyprimarily
byby
publicpublic
servantsservant
fromfrom
otherother
partspart
ofof
Denmarkdenmark
,,
whosewhose
jobjob
itit
wasbe
toto
plantplant
outout
publicpublic
placesplace
ââ
andand
alsoalso
byby
visitorsvisitor
toto
thethe
Villavilla
andand
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
..
Inin
thethe
rainrain
,,
Elisabethelisabeth
wasbe
alonealone
ââ
apart from
apartapart
fromfrom
thethe
sheepsheep
lentlend
toto
cropcrop
thethe
grassgrass
..
Sheshe
wasbe
filledfill
withwith
ana
overwhelmingoverwhelming
sensesense
ofof
lossloss
asas
sheshe
wanderedwander
fromfrom
treetree
toto
treetree
,,
recognisingrecognise
manymany
,,
feelingfeel
herselfherself
accusedaccuse
::
sheshe
hadhave
overstayedoverstay
herher
welcomewelcome
inin
thethe
worldworld
..
Lifelife
conductedconduct
itselfitself
independentlyindependently
ofof
herher
..
Thethe
scentsscent
fromfrom
thethe
soddensodden
earthearth
filledfill
herher
withwith
ana
intolerableintolerable
weightweight
ofof
memorymemory
;;
notnot
thatthat
ofof
individualindividual
occasionsoccasion
butbut
ofof
thethe
entireentire
pastpast
..
Sheshe
approachedapproach
thethe
catalpacatalpa
treetree
..
Thethe
expandedexpanded
Ee
andand
Dd
wouldwould
havehave
beenbe
invisibleinvisible
toto
anyoneanyone
notnot
expectingexpect
toto
findfind
themthem
..
Asas
sheshe
drewdraw
herher
fingerfinger
alongalong
thethe
initialsinitial
,,
herher
stomachstomach
clenchedclench
andand
herher
eyeseye
mistedmist
..
Sheshe
beatbeat
onon
thethe
treetree
withwith
herher
fistsfist
,,
sheshe
threwthrow
herher
armsarm
asas
farfar
roundround
thethe
treetree
asas
theythey
wouldwould
reachreach
andand
thenthen
,,
despitedespite
thethe
relentlessrelentless
rainrain
,,
thethe
saturatedsaturated
groundground
andand
thethe
penetratingpenetrating
coldcold
,,
sheshe
fellfall
onon
herher
kneesknee
atat
itsits
footfoot
,,
unableunable
toto
mustermuster
thethe
willwill
toto
walkwalk
onon
..
Itit
wasbe
ana
oldold
eweewe
,,
treadingtread
onon
thethe
skirtskirt
ofof
herher
raincoatraincoat
,,
thatthat
rousedrouse
Elisabethelisabeth
..
Slowlyslowly
sheshe
draggeddrag
herselfherself
alongalong
oneone
ofof
thethe
pathspath
thatthat
ledlead
toto
thethe
househouse
..
Butbut
sheshe
diddo
notnot
approachapproach
thethe
househouse
..
Sheshe
shelteredshelter
inin
aa
summer-housesummer-house
twentytwenty
metresmetre
fromfrom
thethe
windowswindow
ofof
thethe
musicmusic
roomroom
..
Thethe
moistmoist
silencesilence
wasbe
beingbe
brokenbreak
byby
birdsongbirdsong
;;
itit
wasbe
aa
hectichectic
chatteringchattering
,,
insistentinsistent
,,
likelike
thethe
rainrain
..
no one
Nono
oneone
wasbe
aboutabout
..
Thethe
windowswindow
ofof
thethe
Villavilla
werebe
firmlyfirmly
shutshut
..
Gardengarden
furniturefurniture
hadhave
beenbe
neatlyneatly
stackedstack
underunder
thethe
colonnadecolonnade
..
Elisabethelisabeth
wasbe
torntear
betweenbetween
retreatingretreat
at once
atat
onceonce
,,
followingfollow
thethe
pathpath
backback
thethe
wayway
sheshe
hadhave
comecome
,,
oror
continuingcontinue
asas
farfar
asas
thethe
colonnadecolonnade
toto
looklook
throughthrough
thethe
windowswindow
intointo
thethe
musicmusic
roomroom
..
Herher
indecisionindecision
mademake
herher
sweatsweat
;;
herher
armpitsarmpit
feltfeel
clammyclammy
underunder
herher
raincoatraincoat
andand
thethe
palmspalm
ofof
herher
handshand
werebe
moistmoist
..
Whywhy
shouldshould
sheshe
feelfeel
likelike
thisthis
::
as if
asas
ifif
sheshe
werebe
engagedengage
inin
somethingsomething
illegalillegal
??
Thisthis
wasbe
aa
publicpublic
parkpark
..
Nownow
..
Sheshe
wasbe
entitledentitled
toto
bebe
herehere
..
Nono
noticenotice
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
visitorsvisitor
werebe
trespasserstrespasser
..
Yetyet
,,
sheshe
feltfeel
,,
itit
wasbe
notnot
donedo
toto
peerpeer
..
Howhow
,,
sheshe
wonderedwonder
,,
mightmight
sheshe
looklook
inin
withoutwithout
seemingseem
nosynosy
??
Andand
whatwhat
wasbe
itit
sheshe
wantedwant
toto
seesee
,,
preciselyprecisely
??
Unableunable
toto
answeranswer
herher
ownown
questionsquestion
,,
sheshe
turnedturn
backback
withoutwithout
approachingapproach
thethe
Villavilla
..
Itit
wasbe
stillstill
therethere
!!
Thatthat
wasbe
whatwhat
matteredmatter
..
Andand
thethe
Parkpark
wasbe
beingbe
beautifullybeautifully
maintainedmaintain
;;
thethe
treestree
werebe
notnot
beingbe
needlesslyneedlessly
felledfell
;;
thethe
formalformal
gardengarden
thatthat
girdledgirdle
thethe
househouse
retainedretain
allall
itsits
statuarystatuary
..
â¦â¦
Itit
wasbe
middaymidday
byby
thethe
timetime
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
walkedwalk
throughthrough
thethe
entranceentrance
ofof
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
..
Thethe
rainrain
hadhave
stoppedstop
..
Sheshe
wouldwould
changechange
out of
outout
ofof
herher
wetwet
clothesclothes
beforebefore
goinggo
intointo
Gullshavengullshaven
toto
thethe
museummuseum
,,
sheshe
decideddecide
..
""
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
rangring
!!
Itit
cacan
n'tnot
bebe
more than
moremore
thanthan
threethree
minutesminute
agoago
..
Hehe
wasbe
wantingwant
toto
knowknow
whetherwhether
hehe
couldcould
expectexpect
youyou
forfor
lunchlunch
..
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
wasbe
atat
herher
deskdesk
,,
""
onon
thethe
bridgebridge
""
,,
asas
sheshe
expressedexpress
itit
..
""
Hehe
knowsknow
Ii
alwaysalways
visitvisit
thethe
museummuseum
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
..
""
""
Wellwell
,,
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
,,
youyou
mustmust
allowallow
itit
isbe
ratherrather
unusualunusual
forfor
guestsguest
toto
keepkeep
engagementsengagement
fromfrom
oneone
yearyear
toto
thethe
nextnext
,,
asas
youyou
dodo
..
Shallshall
Ii
telephonetelephone
himhim
backback
andand
confirmconfirm
??
""
""
Ii
wouldwould
bebe
mostmuch
obligedobliged
ifif
youyou
wouldwould
bebe
soso
kindkind
..
Telltell
himhim
Ii
'mbe
planningplan
toto
catchcatch
thethe
12.3012.30
fromfrom
Lakesidelakeside
..
""
Itit
isbe
impossibleimpossible
onon
Mønmøn
toto
bebe
farfar
fromfrom
thethe
sightsight
andand
soundsound
ofof
lappinglapping
waterwater
..
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
waitedwait
atat
thethe
placeplace
knownknow
asas
Lakesidelakeside
atat
Stst
Lundlund
,,
wherewhere
smallsmall
craftcraft
poachedpoach
alongsidealongside
thethe
roadroad
..
Therethere
wasbe
nono
bus-stopbus-stop
asas
suchsuch
;;
therethere
wasbe
nono
needneed
::
everyoneeveryone
inin
thethe
areaarea
knewknow
thisthis
wasbe
thethe
placeplace
atat
whichwhich
publicpublic
transporttransport
putput
downdown
andand
pickedpick
upup
..
Justjust
asas
thethe
busbus
appearedappear
onon
thethe
horizonhorizon
,,
aa
peasantpeasant
womanwoman
emergedemerge
,,
seeminglyseemingly
fromfrom
thinthin
airair
..
""
Wouldwould
youyou
makemake
aa
smallsmall
detourdetour
forfor
meme
??
""
sheshe
askedask
thethe
driverdriver
..
""
Howhow
smallsmall
??
""
hehe
enquiredenquire
andand
,,
onon
beingbe
toldtell
,,
agreedagree
..
Thethe
detourdetour
wasbe
toto
Holmstroydholmstroyd
andand
involvedinvolve
stoppingstop
atat
thethe
jettyjetty
..
Fromfrom
herehere
thethe
hullhull
ofof
thethe
fishermen'sfisherman
boatboat
,,
lashedlash
byby
thethe
highhigh
seassea
thethe
previousprevious
dayday
,,
couldcould
bebe
seensee
ditchedditch
onon
aa
groupgroup
ofof
rocksrock
toto
oneone
sideside
ofof
thethe
tinytiny
baybay
..
Thethe
hullhull
wasbe
unrecognisableunrecognisable
asas
suchsuch
;;
halfhalf
out of
outout
ofof
waterwater
itit
becamebecome
unidentifiableunidentifiable
debrisdebris
..
Thethe
waveswave
thatthat
hadhave
depositeddeposit
thethe
hullhull
andand
brokenbroken
mastsmast
hadhave
carriedcarry
withwith
themthem
aa
bodybody
ââ
thatthat
ofof
thethe
onlyonly
widowerwidower
on board
onon
boardboard
..
Newsnews
ofof
thisthis
discoverydiscovery
hadhave
travelledtravel
quicklyquickly
toto
thethe
wiveswife
ofof
thethe
sevenseven
otherother
fishermenfisherman
,,
andand
Elisabethelisabeth
sawsee
thatthat
theythey
werebe
alreadyalready
groupedgroup
togethertogether
onon
thethe
shoreshore
..
Balticbaltic
fishermen'sfisherman
wiveswife
werebe
schooledschool
forfor
disasterdisaster
;;
marryingmarry
aa
fishermanfisherman
wasbe
notnot
toto
launchlaunch
lifelife
onon
aa
smoothsmooth
certaintycertainty
..
Thethe
womenwoman
stoodstand
inin
silencesilence
,,
gladglad
ofof
each other
eacheach
other'sother
presencepresence
andand
withoutwithout
thethe
needneed
toto
saysay
asas
muchmuch
..
Undund
zuzu
demdem
Strandstrand
â¦â¦
Thethe
stormstorm
hadhave
passedpass
andand
donedo
itsits
worstbad
;;
nownow
thethe
womenwoman
gatheredgather
,,
dresseddress
alikealike
inin
fullfull
darkdark
skirtsskirt
andand
tucked-intucked-in
blousesblouse
,,
shawlsshawl
pulledpull
overover
theirtheir
headshead
ââ
re-enactingre-enacting
aa
paintingpainting
byby
Krøyerkrøyer
,,
theirtheir
eyeseye
fixedfix
onon
thethe
seasea
..
Elisabethelisabeth
feltfeel
disorientateddisorientated
..
Wasbe
thisthis
aa
picturepicture
??
Wasbe
thisthis
aa
performanceperformance
??
Sheshe
hadhave
witnessedwitness
thisthis
eventevent
beforebefore
..
Repeatedlyrepeatedly
..
Wiederwieder
,,
wiederwieder
â¦â¦
Elisabethelisabeth
diddo
notnot
enterenter
thethe
museummuseum
at once
atat
onceonce
,,
butbut
lingeredlinger
inin
thethe
courtyardcourtyard
..
Sheshe
stoodstand
fingeringfinger
thethe
tressestress
ofof
thethe
willowwillow
,,
branchesbranch
ofof
whichwhich
weptweep
overover
thethe
upturnedupturned
hullhull
ofof
aa
boatboat
,,
whichwhich
hadhave
beenbe
dugdig
out of
outout
ofof
thethe
peatpeat
bogbog
toto
thethe
northnorth
ofof
thethe
islandisland
andand
wasbe
permanentlypermanently
onon
displaydisplay
..
""
Muchmuch
perishesperish
,,
of course
ofof
coursecourse
,,
butbut
,,
happilyhappily
,,
somethingsomething
alwaysalways
survivessurvive
!!
""
Elisabethelisabeth
hadhave
notnot
heardhear
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
approachapproach
;;
atat
thethe
soundsound
ofof
hishis
voicevoice
sheshe
turnedturn
toto
faceface
himhim
..
""
Ii
'mbe
sorrysorry
!!
Ii
'mbe
a little
aa
littlelittle
latelate
..
Thethe
busbus
mademake
aa
detourdetour
..
Holmstroydholmstroyd
..
Ii
gotget
distracteddistract
..
Thosethose
poorpoor
waitingwaiting
womenwoman
â¦â¦
""
""
Yesyes
..
Wewe
dodo
seemseem
destineddestine
asas
ana
islandisland
forfor
thesethese
tragediestragedy
..
Theythey
comecome
alongalong
allall
tootoo
regularlyregularly
..
Thethe
Balticbaltic
'sbe
ana
oceanicoceanic
gravegrave
..
""
Thethe
curatorcurator
urgedurge
hishis
visitorvisitor
towardstowards
thethe
openopen
doorsdoor
ofof
hishis
museummuseum
::
""
Comecome
!!
Letlet
'sus
eateat
!!
""
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
pushedpush
aa
pilepile
ofof
paperspaper
toto
oneone
sideside
ofof
hishis
deskdesk
,,
tooktake
aa
platterplatter
ofof
openopen
sandwichessandwich
fromfrom
thethe
toptop
ofof
hishis
bookcasebookcase
andand
setset
itit
downdown
betweenbetween
Elisabethelisabeth
andand
himselfhimself
..
Hehe
pouredpour
icediced
lagerlager
fromfrom
canscan
..
""
Ii
havehave
soso
muchmuch
newnew
toto
showshow
youyou
!!
Wewe
hadhave
ana
extraordinaryextraordinary
strokestroke
ofof
luckluck
lastlast
yearyear
..
Justjust
afterafter
youyou
leftleave
..
D'do
youyou
rememberremember
Ii
showedshow
youyou
aa
manuscriptmanuscript
ââ
itit
mustmust
'vehave
beenbe
somesome
yearsyear
agoago
,,
nownow
ââ
purportingpurport
toto
bebe
byby
somesome
marinermariner
whowho
rememberedremember
ana
Englishenglish
cargocargo
boatboat
havinghave
gonego
downdown
betweenbetween
usus
,,
herehere
atat
Mønmøn
,,
andand
Malmomalmo
ââ
duringduring
thethe
Firstfirst
Schleswigschleswig
Warwar
??
Wellwell
,,
aa
freakfreak
maelstrommaelstrom
hithit
usus
lastlast
Septemberseptember
andand
drovedrive
wreckagewreckage
intointo
thethe
baybay
atat
Moltkemoltke
,,
wherewhere
aa
groupgroup
ofof
Germangerman
amateuramateur
diversdiver
werebe
campingcamping
..
Theythey
camecome
acrossacross
aa
casecase
ofof
Englishenglish
potterypottery
andand
porcelainporcelain
onon
oneone
ofof
theirtheir
sortiessortie
andand
werebe
goodgood
enoughenough
toto
letlet
meme
knowknow
aboutabout
itit
..
Looklook
!!
""
Andand
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
pulledpull
aa
cupcup
andand
saucersaucer
fromfrom
aa
drawerdrawer
inin
hishis
deskdesk
..
""
Looklook
atat
thisthis
!!
Itit
'sbe
Sunderlandsunderland
,,
andand
afterafter
aboutabout
aa
hundredhundred
andand
twentytwenty
yearsyear
underunder
thethe
seasea
,,
thethe
lustrelustre
'sbe
stillstill
lustrouslustrous
!!
""
Elisabethelisabeth
heldhold
thethe
cupcup
andand
saucersaucer
andand
examinedexamine
itsits
luminousluminous
pinkpink
..
""
Butbut
thethe
thingthing
thatthat
breaksbreak
mymy
heartheart
""
,,
thethe
curatorcurator
continuedcontinue
,,
""
isbe
thatthat
therethere
werebe
booksbook
on board
onon
boardboard
andand
,,
of course
ofof
coursecourse
,,
thethe
seasea
'sbe
onlyonly
leftleft
indecipherableindecipherable
leatherleather
spinesspine
..
â¦â¦
Wewe
'llwill
nevernever
knowknow
eveneven
whatwhat
titlestitle
werebe
beingbe
shippedship
..
â¦â¦
Coffeecoffee
??
""
Larsenlarsen
talkedtalk
enthusiasticallyenthusiastically
aboutabout
hishis
smallsmall
teamteam
ofof
volunteervolunteer
diversdiver
,,
aboutabout
theirtheir
findsfind
,,
aboutabout
hishis
plansplan
forfor
thethe
museummuseum
..
Itit
wasbe
obviousobvious
thatthat
hishis
enthusiasmenthusiasm
nevernever
leftleave
himhim
timetime
toto
concentrateconcentrate
onon
eatingeating
..
Asas
hehe
ateeat
,,
hehe
openedopen
andand
closedclose
drawersdrawer
,,
hehe
examinedexamine
paperspaper
andand
objectsobject
onon
hishis
deskdesk
::
""
Ii
'llwill
letlet
youyou
looseloose
inin
thethe
westwest
gallerygallery
andand
catchcatch
youyou
upup
atat
thethe
doordoor
toto
thethe
stock-roomstock-room
..
Ii
mustmust
explainexplain
mymy
ruseruse
forfor
prisingprise
soso
muchmuch
stuffstuff
ââ
goodgood
stuffstuff
ââ
out of
outout
ofof
thethe
islandersislander
..
""
Elisabethelisabeth
wanderedwander
betweenbetween
piecespiece
ofof
furniturefurniture
andand
medievalmedieval
sculpturesculpture
retrievedretrieve
fromfrom
farmhousesfarmhouse
andand
churcheschurch
..
Althoughalthough
Larsenlarsen
moremuch
oftenoften
thanthan
notnot
returnedreturn
ecclesiasticecclesiastic
itemsitem
toto
hallowedhallowed
groundground
,,
hehe
keptkeep
somesome
piecespiece
inin
thethe
museummuseum
toto
demonstratedemonstrate
thethe
sharedshared
aestheticaesthetic
dimensiondimension
ofof
thethe
pastpast
..
Itit
wasbe
somethingsomething
hehe
wantedwant
notnot
onlyonly
toto
preservepreserve
butbut
somehowsomehow
toto
reviverevive
..
Elisabethelisabeth
stoppedstop
toto
examineexamine
thethe
contentscontent
ofof
aa
casecase
containingcontain
thethe
paraphernaliaparaphernalia
ofof
marriagemarriage
andand
itsits
consummationconsummation
,,
representedrepresent
byby
illuminatedilluminated
bondsbond
exchangedexchange
betweenbetween
familiesfamily
,,
andand
littlelittle
crownscrown
wornwear
byby
thethe
islandisland
bridesbride
..
Babies'baby
christeningchristening
robesrobe
werebe
particularlyparticularly
affectingaffecting
;;
theythey
mightmight
havehave
beenbe
blownblow
togethertogether
byby
aa
softsoft
breezebreeze
,,
soso
invisibleinvisible
wasbe
theirtheir
stitchingstitching
..
Thethe
swan-whiteswan-white
robesrobe
werebe
notnot
thethe
possessionspossession
ofof
singlesingle
familiesfamily
butbut
ofof
thethe
communitycommunity
,,
andand
everyevery
mothermother
whosewhose
infantinfant
worewear
aa
roberobe
mademake
andand
sewedsew
aa
tinytiny
bowbow
toto
thethe
backback
ofof
thethe
garmentgarment
,,
so that
soso
thatthat
itit
mightmight
bebe
recordedrecord
howhow
manymany
infantsinfant
hadhave
beenbe
christenedchristen
inin
itit
..
Elisabethelisabeth
couldcould
rememberremember
whenwhen
batteriebatterie
dede
cuisinecuisine
actuallyactually
lookedlook
likelike
thethe
toolstool
ofof
aa
realreal
tradetrade
..
Sheshe
hadhave
seensee
inin
herher
youngyoung
daysday
thethe
islandisland
womenwoman
carrycarry
brassbrass
bottomlessbottomless
bowlsbowl
onon
theirtheir
headshead
toto
supportsupport
thethe
oldold
churnschurn
inin
whichwhich
theythey
delivereddeliver
milkmilk
..
Andand
sheshe
herselfherself
hadhave
urgedurge
onon
thethe
flamesflame
ofof
thethe
drawing-roomdrawing-room
firefire
withwith
aa
goose-feathergoose-feather
fanfan
,,
likelike
thethe
oneone
inin
thethe
glassglass
casecase
..
Thatthat
samesame
designdesign
ofof
fanfan
wasbe
inin
useuse
fivefive
hundredhundred
yearsyear
agoago
onon
Mønmøn
::
therethere
wasbe
oneone
inin
thethe
frescosfresco
atat
Sandwegsandweg
..
â¦â¦
Andand
therethere
wasbe
thethe
deliverydelivery
tabletable
!!
Elisabethelisabeth
recalledrecall
thethe
timestime
sheshe
hadhave
seensee
thethe
midwifemidwife
arrivearrive
atat
aa
peasant'speasant
cottagecottage
..
â¦â¦
Whenwhen
sheshe
wasbe
quitequite
smallsmall
sheshe
hadhave
beenbe
surprisedsurprised
toto
seesee
thethe
womanwoman
carryingcarry
aa
foldedfolded
tabletable
andand
aa
Gladstonegladstone
bagbag
..
Annaanna
hadhave
explainedexplain
,,
andand
itit
hadhave
givengive
herher
thethe
opportunityopportunity
toto
describedescribe
detailsdetail
herher
daughterdaughter
foundfind
miraculousmiraculous
..
Andand
stillstill
diddo
!!
Elisabeth'selisabeth
pacepace
slowedslow
..
Sheshe
wasbe
inin
somethingsomething
ofof
aa
dazedaze
..
Allall
thatthat
Englishenglish
chinachina
,,
potterypottery
andand
glassglass
!!
Howhow
strangestrange
thatthat
sincesince
thethe
eighteentheighteenth
centurycentury
thethe
peasantspeasant
ofof
Mønmøn
hadhave
hadhave
aa
tastetaste
forfor
Englishenglish
wareware
..
Whatwhat
aa
peculiarpeculiar
exchangeexchange
itit
hadhave
beenbe
::
herringherring
forfor
thethe
tabletable
againstagainst
tablewaretableware
..
â¦â¦
Thethe
museummuseum
wasbe
emptyempty
ofof
visitorsvisitor
andand
crowdedcrowd
withwith
objectsobject
..
Allall
thesethese
thingsthing
!!
Elisabethelisabeth
thoughtthink
,,
andand
thethe
thoughtsthought
tumbledtumble
aboutabout
inin
herher
headhead
inin
perpetualperpetual
motionmotion
..
Herher
legsleg
broughtbring
herher
toto
aa
halthalt
in front of
inin
frontfront
ofof
aa
glassglass
casecase
containingcontain
aa
Leedsleeds
dinner-servicedinner-service
..
Thethe
creamycreamy
glazeglaze
shoneshine
as if
asas
ifif
withwith
somesome
innerinner
lightlight
..
Thethe
wholewhole
collectioncollection
wasbe
setset
offoff
byby
thethe
saxe-bluesaxe-blue
Jacobeanjacobean
embroideryembroidery
thrownthrow
overover
thethe
shelvesshelf
onon
whichwhich
thethe
piecespiece
werebe
carefullycarefully
arrangedarrange
..
Aa
neatlyneatly
printedprinted
cardcard
,,
discreetlydiscreetly
placedplace
atat
thethe
hemhem
ofof
thethe
embroideryembroidery
,,
toldtell
thatthat
thethe
contentscontent
ofof
thethe
casecase
hadhave
beenbe
donateddonate
byby
Jurgenjurgen
Danzigerdanziger
,,
inin
19331933
..
Aa
neighbouringneighbouring
casecase
,,
whichwhich
Elisabethelisabeth
tooktake
intointo
herher
fieldfield
ofof
visionvision
withoutwithout
movingmove
,,
wasbe
devoteddevoted
toto
threethree
Hispanahispana
Moresquemoresque
platesplate
showingshow
threethree
differentdifferent
viewsview
ofof
thethe
synagoguesynagogue
atat
Toledotoledo
..
Aa
similarsimilar
cardcard
indicatedindicate
thatthat
thethe
platesplate
hadhave
beenbe
donateddonate
byby
Horsthorst
Eberhardteberhardt
,,
inin
19331933
..
Thethe
stillnessstillness
,,
thethe
coolcool
,,
thethe
quietquiet
ofof
thethe
buildingbuilding
allall
combinedcombine
toto
produceproduce
ana
effecteffect
thatthat
wasbe
overwhelmingoverwhelming
andand
gavegive
riserise
toto
aa
feelingfeeling
ofof
expectationexpectation
..
Elisabethelisabeth
closedclose
herher
eyeseye
..
Sheshe
waitedwait
..
Butbut
asas
sheshe
waitedwait
ana
obstinatelyobstinately
persistentpersistent
soundsound
filledfill
herher
headhead
,,
drovedrive
itselfitself
fromfrom
earear
toto
earear
,,
settledsettle
overover
herher
eyeseye
andand
seepedseep
throughthrough
toto
fillfill
thethe
wholewhole
arenaarena
ofof
herher
craniumcranium
..
Thisthis
dreadfuldreadful
invasioninvasion
wasbe
oneone
withwith
whichwhich
sheshe
wasbe
familiarfamiliar
::
somethingsomething
betweenbetween
aa
humhum
andand
aa
buzzbuzz
,,
andand
terrifyingterrifying
forfor
beingbe
unresponsiveunresponsive
toto
anyany
attemptattempt
toto
silencesilence
itit
..
Sheshe
mustmust
waitwait
..
Sheshe
mustmust
waitwait
ââ
asas
sheshe
hadhave
toto
whenwhen
pursuedpursue
byby
thethe
soundsound
atat
nightnight
ââ
forfor
itit
toto
passpass
..
Steppingstep
backback
fromfrom
thethe
displaydisplay
cabinetscabinet
,,
hopinghope
toto
sitsit
downdown
onon
thethe
window-seatwindow seat
,,
sheshe
mademake
aa
falsefalse
movemove
andand
bumpedbump
intointo
somethingsomething
coldcold
..
Shockedshocked
,,
sheshe
turnedturn
..
Confusedconfused
,,
sheshe
heardhear
herher
ownown
voicevoice
crycry
outout
::
""
Aa
minemine
!!
""
Butbut
thethe
objectobject
wasbe
aa
coppercopper
schnappsschnapps
stillstill
..
according to
Accordingaccording
toto
thethe
printedprinted
cardcard
itit
hadhave
,,
untiluntil
quitequite
recentlyrecently
,,
beenbe
inin
((
illegalillegal
))
serviceservice
onon
aa
farmfarm
nearnear
Marienborgmarienborg
..
Thethe
oldold
farmer'sfarmer
daughterdaughter
hadhave
donateddonate
itit
togethertogether
withwith
thethe
notebooknotebook
thethe
farmerfarmer
((
andand
hishis
fatherfather
beforebefore
himhim
))
hadhave
keptkeep
ofof
hishis
salessale
andand
receiptsreceipt
..
""
Arebe
youyou
all right
allall
rightright
??
""
Svendsvend
hadhave
comecome
quicklyquickly
..
""
of course
Ofof
coursecourse
!!
Thisthis
wasbe
n'tnot
herehere
lastlast
yearyear
!!
""
Hehe
shuntedshunt
thethe
stillstill
intointo
aa
cornercorner
withwith
hishis
footfoot
..
Takingtake
hishis
visitorvisitor
byby
thethe
armarm
,,
hehe
walkedwalk
herher
slowlyslowly
alongalong
thethe
corridorcorridor
..
""
Ii
mustmust
explainexplain
howhow
Ii
'vehave
managedmanage
toto
accumulateaccumulate
allall
thisthis
newnew
stuffstuff
..
Asas
youyou
knowknow
,,
mymy
intentionintention
isbe
toto
havehave
aa
perfectperfect
recordrecord
ofof
thethe
islandisland
fromfrom
prehistoricprehistoric
toto
presentpresent
timestime
..
Youyou
seesee
thisthis
??
Colonelcolonel
Jensenjensen
hashave
givengive
usus
oneone
casecase
ofof
fossilsfossil
andand
promisespromise
usus
moremore
..
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
wantwant
toto
survivesurvive
onlyonly
onon
donationsdonation
,,
butbut
wewe
justjust
dodo
n'tnot
havehave
thethe
resourcesresource
toto
buybuy
muchmuch
..
Thesethese
fossilsfossil
,,
for example
forfor
exampleexample
,,
dodo
n'tnot
rewriterewrite
ourour
historyhistory
butbut
theythey
dodo
illustrateillustrate
itit
usefullyusefully
..
Thethe
hugehuge
oneone
over there
overover
therethere
isbe
hishis
,,
tootoo
..
Andand
hehe
'sbe
mountedmount
somesome
ofof
hishis
mothsmoth
forfor
usus
..
â¦â¦
Looklook
!!
""
Elisabethelisabeth
stoppedstop
toto
examineexamine
aa
stonestone
thethe
dimensionsdimension
ofof
aa
child'schild
bicyclebicycle
wheelwheel
,,
inin
whichwhich
aa
hugehuge
ammoniteammonite
wasbe
embeddedembedded
..
""
Ii
'mbe
goinggo
toto
enlargeenlarge
bothboth
thethe
geologicalgeological
roomroom
andand
thethe
botanicalbotanical
roomroom
,,
""
Svendsvend
continuedcontinue
,,
barelybarely
stoppingstop
toto
taketake
breathbreath
..
""
Aa
botanicalbotanical
illustratorillustrator
whowho
'sbe
retiredretire
herehere
isbe
fillingfill
inin
somesome
ofof
thethe
gapsgap
inin
ourour
plantplant
andand
treetree
recordsrecord
..
Butbut
mymy
strokestroke
ofof
geniusgenius
ââ
ifif
youyou
willwill
allowallow
ââ
hashave
beenbe
findingfind
aa
wayway
ofof
gettingget
thethe
localslocal
toto
bequeathbequeath
usus
theirtheir
familyfamily
treasurestreasure
..
Obviouslyobviously
peoplepeople
dodo
n'tnot
likelike
toto
partpart
withwith
theirtheir
heirloomsheirloom
ââ
itit
'sbe
likelike
partingparting
withwith
somethingsomething
ofof
theirtheir
existenceexistence
,,
aa
sortsort
ofof
deathdeath
inin
lifelife
..
Butbut
Ii
seemseem
toto
havehave
hithit
onon
aa
compromisecompromise
,,
aa
wayway
toto
makemake
themthem
feelfeel
theythey
stillstill
havehave
aa
stakestake
inin
thethe
treasuretreasure
,,
butbut
in addition
inin
additionaddition
ana
enhancementenhancement
ofof
theirtheir
family'sfamily
reputationreputation
..
""
Andand
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
thrustthrust
aa
cataloguecatalogue
intointo
Elisabeth'selisabeth
handshand
..
""
Ii
'vehave
givengive
aa
copycopy
freefree
toto
everyoneeveryone
whowho
'sbe
donateddonate
somethingsomething
toto
usus
..
Youyou
'llwill
seesee
::
everyevery
itemitem
isbe
illustratedillustrate
andand
captionedcaption
withwith
thethe
namename
ofof
thethe
donordonor
byby
itsits
sideside
,,
hishis
oror
herher
addressaddress
,,
andand
thethe
datedate
ofof
presentationpresentation
..
Thisthis
wayway
thethe
islandersislander
feelfeel
thatthat
theythey
andand
theirtheir
familyfamily
havehave
acquiredacquire
immortalityimmortality
..
Itit
'sbe
workedwork
wonderswonder
!!
""
Andand
soso
sayingsay
,,
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
threwthrow
openopen
thethe
doorsdoor
ofof
thethe
stock-roomstockroom
wherewhere
stacksstack
ofof
tea-cheststea chests
,,
manymany
unopenedunopened
,,
borebear
witnesswitness
toto
thethe
successsuccess
ofof
hishis
operationoperation
..
""
Ii
'vehave
triedtry
toto
impressimpress
onon
peoplepeople
--
Ii
gogo
roundround
thethe
schoolsschool
andand
catchcatch
themthem
youngyoung
ââ
thatthat
ifif
theythey
dodo
n'tnot
leaveleave
usus
theirtheir
stuffstuff
,,
uncaringuncaring
descendantsdescendant
maymay
simplysimply
throwthrow
outout
aa
tooltool
,,
plateplate
,,
picturepicture
oror
letterletter
,,
preferringprefer
toto
havehave
aa
stainless-steelstainless-steel
forkfork
,,
aa
plasticplastic
plateplate
,,
aa
multiplemultiple
â¦â¦
""
Thethe
curatorcurator
andand
hishis
visitorvisitor
ambledamble
throughthrough
aa
roomroom
inin
whichwhich
traditionaltraditional
Danishdanish
paintedpainted
furniturefurniture
wasbe
rangedrange
..
""
Thesethese
fifteenth-centuryfifteenth-century
chestschest
withwith
theirtheir
incisedincised
shellshell
patternpattern
arebe
peculiarpeculiar
toto
Mønmøn
ââ
Ii
'vehave
notnot
beenbe
ableable
toto
discoverdiscover
anyany
onon
thethe
otherother
islandsisland
..
Soso
tootoo
isbe
thisthis
nineteenth-centurynineteenth-century
bedbed
..
Youyou
noticenotice
thethe
designdesign
ofof
scabiousscabious
andand
vetchvetch
andand
orchidsorchid
ââ
withwith
thethe
insectsinsect
thatthat
dependdepend
onon
themthem
??
Looklook
howhow
itit
'sbe
repeatedrepeat
onon
thethe
hangingshanging
..
""
Elisabethelisabeth
hadhave
noticednotice
..
Behindbehind
,,
onon
thethe
whitewashedwhitewashed
wallswall
,,
herher
attentionattention
hadhave
beenbe
caughtcatch
byby
coarselycoarsely
paintedpaint
,,
evocativeevocative
sea-sea
andand
landscapeslandscape
..
""
Arebe
anyany
ofof
thesethese
byby
namesname
Ii
knowknow
??
""
""
Jarljarl
Jacobsenjacobsen
ââ
oldold
Mothermother
Jacobsen'sjacobsen
fatherfather
ââ
diddo
thatthat
..
""
Andand
hehe
pointedpoint
toto
aa
thickthick
impastoimpasto
ofof
ragingraging
waveswave
..
""
Itit
'sbe
thethe
stretchstretch
ofof
waterwater
Mariemarie
Grubbegrubbe
rowedrow
..
Ii
'mbe
toldtell
thatthat
thethe
dayday
hehe
broughtbring
itit
inin
ââ
aa
goodgood
twentytwenty
yearsyear
agoago
ââ
hehe
saidsay
thatthat
becausebecause
hishis
daughterdaughter
wasbe
blindblind
therethere
wasbe
nono
pointpoint
inin
itsits
remainingremain
inin
thethe
cottagecottage
..
Hehe
saidsay
hehe
'dhave
hunghang
aa
papier mâché
papierpapier
mâchémâché
traytray
inin
itsits
placeplace
soso
sheshe
'dwould
notnot
feelfeel
thethe
absenceabsence
ofof
thethe
picturepicture
..
Ii
'vehave
alwaysalways
foundfind
itit
ratherrather
sadsad
thatthat
aa
manman
couldcould
produceproduce
somethingsomething
asas
evocativeevocative
asas
thisthis
andand
alsoalso
produceproduce
aa
childchild
whowho
couldcould
notnot
appreciateappreciate
it.it.
,,
""
Arebe
thesethese
rugsrug
andand
thatthat
tabletable
fromfrom
Ellingelling
,,
tootoo
??
Theythey
'rebe
soso
likelike
thosethose
inin
Mothermother
Jacobsen'sjacobsen
cottagecottage
..
""
""
Yesyes
..
Theythey
couldcould
havehave
beenbe
mademake
byby
thethe
samesame
craftsmancraftsman
..
Willwill
youyou
bebe
goinggo
toto
Ellingelling
onon
Fridayfriday
??
""
""
of course
Ofof
coursecourse
!!
""
Havinghave
completedcomplete
aa
tourtour
ofof
thethe
museummuseum
,,
Elisabethelisabeth
andand
Svendsvend
foundfind
themselvesthemselves
backback
inin
Svend'ssvend
officeoffice
,,
wherewhere
freshfresh
coffeecoffee
hadhave
beenbe
placedplace
byby
ana
unseenunseen
handhand
..
Svendsvend
pulledpull
outout
aa
chairchair
forfor
hishis
visitorvisitor
..
""
Ii
knowknow
youyou
dodo
n'tnot
carecare
forfor
thisthis
topictopic
ofof
conversationconversation
butbut
Ii
'mbe
goinggo
toto
bringbring
itit
upup
againagain
,,
neverthelessnevertheless
..
Ii
'mbe
goinggo
toto
begbeg
youyou
toto
reconsiderreconsider
..
â¦â¦
Willwill
youyou
allowallow
meme
toto
displaydisplay
youryour
pre-warpre-war
researchesresearch
andand
youryour
drawingsdrawing
andand
youryour
photographsphotograph
??
Ii
wasbe
lookinglook
throughthrough
thethe
materialmaterial
againagain
lastlast
nightnight
::
itit
'sbe
uniqueunique
!!
Itit
'sbe
thethe
firstfirst
attemptattempt
toto
bringbring
togethertogether
allall
thethe
strandsstrand
ofof
thisthis
island'sisland
lifelife
..
Itit
wasbe
ana
ambitiousambitious
projectproject
forfor
suchsuch
youngyoung
peoplepeople
toto
embarkembark
onon
andand
itit
workedwork
beautifullybeautifully
..
Becausebecause
youyou
producedproduce
itit
onon
looseloose
pagespage
Ii
couldcould
exhibitexhibit
itit
monthmonth
byby
monthmonth
asas
youyou
organisedorganise
itit
..
Ii
understandunderstand
perfectlyperfectly
youryour
desiredesire
forfor
anonymityanonymity
..
Butbut
wouldwould
youyou
agreeagree
nownow
,,
after all
afterafter
allall
thesethese
yearsyear
,,
toto
letlet
meme
displaydisplay
thethe
workwork
ifif
Ii
merelymerely
creditcredit
itit
toto
EDed
andand
DEde
??
""
""
Whywhy
wouldwould
youyou
needneed
toto
drawdraw
attentionattention
toto
thethe
initialsinitial
??
""
""
Partlypartly
becausebecause
theythey
appearappear
onon
thethe
individualindividual
pagespage
--
andand
partlypartly
becausebecause
,,
ifif
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
acknowledgeacknowledge
authorshipauthorship
inin
somesome
wayway
oror
otherother
,,
Ii
shallshall
bebe
inundatedinundate
withwith
enquiriesenquiry
..
Everythingeverything
elseelse
isbe
acknowledgedacknowledge
..
Butbut
restrest
assuredassured
::
today'stoday
publicpublic
wouldwould
makemake
nothingnothing
ofof
EDed
andand
DEde
,,
andand
Ii
promisepromise
Ii
shallshall
givegive
nothingnothing
furtherfar
awayaway
..
Ii
wouldwould
simplysimply
placeplace
aa
cardcard
withwith
thethe
initialsinitial
andand
datesdate
19211921
--
19391939
alongsidealongside
thethe
materialmaterial
ââ
asas
Ii
'vehave
donedo
withwith
thethe
otherother
exhibitsexhibit
Andand
Ii
'dwould
likelike
toto
placeplace
itit
allall
betweenbetween
thethe
Danzigerdanziger
andand
Eberhardteberhardt
donationsdonation
..
""
Svendsvend
Larsenlarsen
wasbe
beingbe
courteouscourteous
butbut
insistentinsistent
..
""
Dodo
Ii
havehave
youryour
permissionpermission
??
Ifif
soso
Ii
proposepropose
toto
installinstall
itit
tonighttonight
andand
inviteinvite
youyou
alongalong
toto
seesee
itit
andand
makemake
suggestionssuggestion
beforebefore
youyou
leaveleave
..
""
""
Ii
reallyreally
dodo
n'tnot
knowknow
whatwhat
toto
saysay
..
Itit
wouldwould
bebe
churlishchurlish
toto
refuserefuse
youyou
..
Andand
certainlycertainly
,,
ifif
itit
enhancesenhance
appreciationappreciation
ofof
Mønmøn
,,
itit
wouldwould
bebe
churlishchurlish
toto
refuserefuse
thethe
islandisland
..
Youyou
knowknow
whatwhat
mymy
reasonsreason
havehave
beenbe
inin
thethe
pastpast
::
Ii
justjust
dodo
n'tnot
wantwant
toto
provokeprovoke
interestinterest
inin
myselfmyself
..
Ii
couldcould
n'tnot
copecope
withwith
itit
..
Butbut
Ii
supposesuppose
youyou
'rebe
rightright
::
thethe
publicpublic
isbe
n'tnot
goinggo
toto
noticenotice
andand
thosethose
whowho
knowknow
meme
..
â¦â¦
Andand
thethe
materialmaterial
certainlycertainly
belongsbelong
herehere
..
Gogo
aheadahead
!!
Ifif
thatthat
'sbe
whatwhat
youyou
wantwant
forfor
thethe
museummuseum
..
Youyou
havehave
mymy
permissionpermission
!!
Butbut
Ii
doubtdoubt
thatthat
Ii
shallshall
comecome
alongalong
andand
seesee
itit
ââ
thisthis
yearyear
..
Ii
leaveleave
onon
Sundaysunday
andand
Ii
havehave
mymy
timetabletimetable
..
Asas
youyou
knowknow
,,
Ii
'mbe
notnot
renownedrenowned
forfor
flexibilityflexibility
..
""
Sheshe
hadhave
attemptedattempt
aa
jokejoke
,,
butbut
neitherneither
Svendsvend
nornor
sheshe
smiledsmile
..
Svendsvend
thankedthank
herher
warmlywarmly
andand
talkedtalk
aboutabout
nextnext
yearyear
;;
sheshe
wouldwould
seesee
thethe
exhibitexhibit
thenthen
,,
andand
hehe
wouldwould
welcomewelcome
anyany
suggestionssuggestion
sheshe
hadhave
forfor
itsits
displaydisplay
..
Therethere
wouldwould
bebe
aa
newnew
cataloguecatalogue
inin
fivefive
yearsyear
..
â¦â¦
Occasionallyoccasionally
,,
andand
thisthis
wasbe
suchsuch
ana
occasionoccasion
,,
Elisabethelisabeth
Danzigerdanziger
experiencedexperience
aa
feelingfeeling
ofof
disorientationdisorientation
soso
powerfulpowerful
asas
toto
renderrender
herher
environmentenvironment
totallytotally
unfamiliarunfamiliar
..
Itit
wasbe
as if
asas
ifif
somesome
authoritativeauthoritative
beingbeing
hadhave
decideddecide
thatthat
fromfrom
thatthat
momentmoment
thethe
namesname
thatthat
hadhave
appliedapply
toto
suchsuch
objectsobject
asas
soapsoap
,,
cheesecheese
,,
treetree
oror
bookbook
werebe
toto
bebe
exchangedexchange
forfor
othersother
,,
andand
allall
signssign
ofof
delightdelight
registeredregister
byby
tempertemper
tantrumstantrum
..
Sheshe
wasbe
standingstand
atat
thethe
busbus
stationstation
..
Youthsyouth
inin
sweaterssweater
withwith
numbersnumber
andand
initialsinitial
blazenedblazened
onon
theirtheir
chestschest
lolledloll
againstagainst
bus-stopsbus-stop
,,
wallswall
andand
aa
stationarystationary
busbus
;;
aa
toddlertoddler
suckedsuck
onon
ana
iceice
lollylolly
..
Thethe
soundssound
ofof
Danishdanish
mingledmingle
withwith
thosethose
ofof
knivesknife
drawndraw
acrossacross
aa
plateplate
,,
thethe
screechscreech
ofof
jaysjay
,,
andand
thethe
buzzbuzz
andand
humhum
thatthat
roserise
fromfrom
withinwithin
herher
andand
oustedoust
herher
tranquillitytranquillity
..
Sheshe
knewknow
thatthat
sheshe
mustmust
boardboard
aa
busbus
..
Sheshe
wouldwould
concentrateconcentrate
onon
thatthat
..
Allall
elseelse
wasbe
foreignforeign
,,
strangestrange
,,
unexpectedunexpected
..
Sheshe
mustmust
getget
backback
toto
Thethe
Tamariskstamarisk
..
Herher
bladderbladder
wasbe
fullfull
..
Sheshe
mightmight
wetwet
thethe
seatseat
..
Andand
werebe
aa
screamscream
toto
riserise
inin
herher
,,
wouldwould
sheshe
managemanage
toto
suppresssuppress
itit
beforebefore
itit
shotshoot
fromfrom
herher
mouthmouth
??
Thethe
busbus
ticketticket
::
itit
hadhave
toto
bebe
boughtbuy
..
Diddo
sheshe
buybuy
itit
fromfrom
ana
officeoffice
somewheresomewhere
??
Oror
thethe
busbus
driverdriver
??
""
Ahah
!!
Missmiss
Danzigerdanziger
!!
Youyou
'rebe
backback
inin
timetime
forfor
teatea
!!
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
wasbe
""
onon
thethe
bridgebridge
""
,,
attendingattend
toto
somesome
paperspaper
..
""
Willwill
youyou
taketake
itit
inin
thethe
drawing-roomdrawing-room
withwith
ourour
otherother
guestsguest
??
""
Sheshe
mustmust
notnot
saysay
nono
,,
mustmust
notnot
revealreveal
howhow
absurdabsurd
itit
wasbe
toto
""
taketake
""
teatea
inin
aa
""
drawingdrawing
""
roomroom
..
Wherewhere
wouldwould
theythey
bebe
takingtake
itit
toto
andand
whowho
wouldwould
bebe
drawingdraw
??
Sheshe
wouldwould
pretendpretend
notnot
toto
havehave
noticednotice
Frufru
Møller'smøller
absurditiesabsurdity
..
Sheshe
wasbe
aa
sillysilly
womanwoman
..
Thethe
Colonelcolonel
hadhave
onceonce
saidsay
,,
""
Frufru
Møllermøller
hashave
sacrificedsacrifice
allall
douceurdouceur
dede
vivrevivre
toto
socialsocial
conformityconformity
..
""
Thethe
clocksclock
werebe
tickingtick
strangelystrangely
fortissimofortissimo
andand
Frufru
Møllermøller
diddo
n'tnot
eveneven
noticenotice
..
Danieldaniel
pacedpace
upup
andand
downdown
thethe
polishedpolished
floorfloor
fromfrom
oneone
endend
ofof
thethe
longlong
roomroom
toto
thethe
otherother
;;
hishis
sentencessentence
borebore
thethe
rehearsedrehearsed
solemnitysolemnity
ofof
aa
stagestage
dramadrama
..
Itit
wasbe
as if
asas
ifif
aa
geniusgenius
creatorcreator
,,
afterafter
sixsix
days'day
labourlabour
,,
hadhave
becomebecome
uninteresteduninterested
inin
hishis
achievementachievement
andand
hadhave
delegateddelegate
responsibilityresponsibility
forfor
thethe
rulerule
andand
administrationadministration
ofof
hishis
workwork
toto
aa
bandband
ofof
bureaucratsbureaucrat
ââ
aa
tirelesstireless
bunchbunch
ofof
imbecilesimbecile
,,
lackinglack
compassioncompassion
,,
whowho
justifiedjustify
theirtheir
rolerole
inin
thethe
schemescheme
ofof
thingsthing
byby
ceaselesslyceaselessly
inventinginvent
trialstrial
forfor
manman
,,
toto
keepkeep
himhim
onon
hishis
toestoe
..
Withoutwithout
thethe
emergenceemergence
ofof
Hitlerhitler
andand
hishis
Nationalnational
Socialistssocialist
allall
thatthat
wasbe
rottenrotten
inin
Germanygermany
,,
thatthat
hadhave
beenbe
positivelypositively
fosteredfoster
byby
Romanticismromanticism
andand
encouragedencourage
byby
thethe
humiliationhumiliation
thatthat
Germanygermany
hadhave
sufferedsuffer
underunder
thethe
termsterm
ofof
thethe
Treatytreaty
ofof
Versaillesversailles
ââ
racismracism
,,
socialsocial
Darwinismdarwinism
,,
anti-intellectualismanti-intellectualism
,,
phoneyphoney
mysticismmysticism
ââ
mightmight
havehave
persistedpersist
indefinitelyindefinitely
andand
graduallygradually
eateneat
awayaway
thethe
fabricfabric
ofof
thethe
countrycountry
andand
itsits
cultureculture
,,
gonego
unchallengedunchallenged
byby
thethe
forcesforce
ofof
reasonreason
,,
lainlie
forfor
allall
timetime
underunder
layerslayer
ofof
sophistrysophistry
..
â¦â¦
Youyou
'dwould
havehave
toto
getget
ridrid
ofof
aa
lotlot
ofof
youryour
assumptionsassumption
beforebefore
youyou
couldcould
fullyfully
appreciateappreciate
whywhy
Ii
couldcould
n'tnot
livelive
withwith
aa
manman
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
lovelove
,,
oror
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
thinkthink
youyou
couldcould
everever
understandunderstand
whywhy
Ii
cacan
n'tnot
acceptaccept
toto
bebe
maintainedmaintain
,,
toto
putput
myselfmyself
atat
thethe
disposaldisposal
ofof
anotheranother
,,
bebe
inin
another'sanother
companycompany
twenty-fourtwenty-four
hourshour
aa
dayday
,,
shareshare
another'sanother
pleasurespleasure
andand
painspain
ââ
and so on
andand
soso
onon
..
""
""
â¦â¦
andand
moreovermoreover
thethe
mostmuch
gallantgallant
gentlemangentleman
ofof
thethe
realmrealm
,,
andand
thisthis
wentgo
onon
untiluntil
itit
resultedresult
inin
aa
divorcedivorce
,,
andand
afterafter
aa
secondsecond
marriagemarriage
,,
whichwhich
wasbe
likewiselikewise
unhappyunhappy
,,
sheshe
enteredenter
thethe
marriedmarried
estateestate
forfor
thethe
thirdthird
timetime
withwith
aa
commoncommon
tartar
,,
withwith
whomwhom
,,
thoughthough
hehe
abusedabuse
herher
dailydaily
,,
sheshe
herselfherself
saidsay
thatthat
sheshe
livedlive
inin
muchmuch
greatergreat
contentcontent
thanthan
inin
herher
firstfirst
marriagemarriage
..
Soonsoon
thethe
piratespirate
hadhave
reachedreach
thethe
toptop
ofof
thethe
streetstreet
..
over there
Overover
therethere
,,
beyondbeyond
thethe
churchchurch
,,
isbe
Witchballwitchball
Streetstreet
..
Thatthat
'sbe
wherewhere
mymy
Auntaunt
Clarabelclarabel
liveslive
..
Sheshe
runsrun
thethe
Jollyjolly
Jailorjailor
Inninn
..
""
""
Thatthat
'sbe
thethe
Baddie'sbaddie
Towertower
,,
""
saidsay
Tomtom
..
""
Itit
'sbe
thethe
towntown
jailjail
nownow
..
""
""
Whatwhat
elseelse
isbe
therethere
toto
seesee
,,
Tomtom
??
""
Byby
itit
aa
smallsmall
crowdcrowd
wasbe
gatheredgathered
..
Muttonmutton
Esquireesquire
ofof
Muttonmutton
Househouse
,,
Bestgood
Streetstreet
..
Parsonparson
Reverendreverend
Solomonsolomon
Slypeslype
,,
DDdd
..
Dragoonsdragoon
Commandercommander
Colonelcolonel
Stodgestodge
Braggart-Blodgebraggart-blodge
..
eveneven
convictedconvicted
Miscreantsmiscreant
includinginclude
Pickpocketspickpocket
Footpadsfootpad
Piratespirate
etcetc
""
Soundssound
riskyrisky
toto
meme
,,
Cap'ncap'n
,,
""
mutteredmutter
Barnabasbarnabas
..
Hehe
'sbe
thethe
veryvery
manman
forfor
ourour
purposepurpose
..
Letlet
usus
inviteinvite
himhim
upup
,,
Mrmr
Slipshodslipshod
..
""
Hehe
touchedtouch
Pugwashpugwash
onon
thethe
armarm
..
""
Coffeecoffee
forfor
thethe
gentlemengentleman
pleaseplease
Mrmr
Slipshodslipshod
..
""
Whywhy
,,
whateverwhatever
isbe
thethe
mattermatter
,,
Captaincaptain
??
""
Forfor
Pugwashpugwash
hadhave
turnedturn
deathlydeathly
palepale
andand
seemedseem
aboutabout
toto
faintfaint
..
""
Itit
wouldwould
bebe
yoursyours
entirelyentirely
,,
""
repliedreply
thethe
Mayormayor
..
""
Mrmr
Slipshodslipshod
herehere
hashave
allall
thethe
detailsdetail
..
Thethe
restrest
isbe
up to
upup
toto
youyou
..
""
Arar
,,
butbut
whywhy
usus
??
""
askedask
Barnabasbarnabas
suspiciouslysuspiciously
..
Thethe
Colonelcolonel
awaitsawait
youryour
instructionsinstruction
..
Andand
Mrmr
Slipshodslipshod
slitheredslither
backback
intointo
thethe
Towntown
Hallhall
..
Hehe
toldtell
hishis
auntaunt
aboutabout
itit
..
Suresure
enoughenough
,,
downdown
thethe
stepsstep
anotheranother
groupgroup
wasbe
approachingapproach
,,
andand
Pugwashpugwash
shookshake
withwith
frightfright
asas
hehe
recognisedrecognise
thethe
heavyheavy
shapeshape
andand
hugehuge
beardbeard
ofof
hishis
greatestgreat
enemyenemy
..
Wewe
'llwill
waitwait
herehere
..
""
Thethe
Frenchfrench
craftcraft
wasbe
approachingapproach
..
Supportsupport
thethe
Officialofficial
MONSTERmonster
RAVINGraving
LOONIESloony
DRAFTdraft
MANIFESTOmanifesto
FORfor
GENERALgeneral
ELECTIONelection
19921992
11
..
Newnew
Financialfinancial
Servicesservice
Axeaxe
::
Wewe
willwill
revitaliserevitalise
Sectionsection
44
ofof
thethe
19681968
Thefttheft
Actact
,,
i.e.i.e.
thethe
crimecrime
ofof
gaininggain
propertyproperty
andand
pecuniarypecuniary
advantageadvantage
byby
deceptiondeception
,,
andand
applyapply
itit
toto
thethe
activitiesactivity
ofof
Lifelife
Assuranceassurance
salesmensalesman
..
22
..
Blueblue
Taxtax
::
Seesee
entryentry
underunder
Paulpaul
Raymondraymond
andand
Assetasset
Strippingstrip
..
33
..
Carcar
Petpet
Tackstack
::
Allall
formsform
ofof
fluffyfluffy
dicedie
,,
Garfieldgarfield
thethe
catcat
andand
otherother
windowwindow
devicesdevice
,,
other than
otherother
thanthan
Roadroad
Taxtax
,,
willwill
bebe
subject to
subjectsubject
toto
thethe
Punitivepunitive
Licensinglicensing
Ofof
Non-Kineticnon-kinetic
Essentialessential
Roadroad
Sundrysundry
((
plonkersplonker
))
Taxtax
..
44
..
Incomeincome
Taxestax
::
Pittpitt
introducedintroduce
incomeincome
taxestax
toto
paypay
forfor
thethe
Napoleonicnapoleonic
Warswar
..
Wewe
herebyhereby
declaredeclare
thethe
Napoleonicnapoleonic
Warswar
atat
ana
endend
..
Incomeincome
Taxtax
willwill
bebe
abolishedabolish
..
55
..
Exciseexcise
Dutyduty
::
Taxtax
toto
paypay
forfor
ourour
holidaysholiday
abroadabroad
,,
oror
Governmentgovernment
inin
exileexile
asas
itit
isbe
moremuch
appropriatelyappropriately
knownknow
,,
willwill
bebe
raisedraise
fromfrom
thethe
equitableequitable
basisbasis
ofof
ratingrating
taxestax
atat
thethe
pointpoint
ofof
salesale
,,
oror
inin
thethe
casecase
ofof
blueblue
taxtax
,,
seesee
aboveabove
,,
conspicuousconspicuous
consummationconsummation
..
Taxationtaxation
onon
petrolpetrol
needneed
notnot
necessarilynecessarily
bebe
increasedincrease
,,
butbut
anti-socialanti-social
devicesdevice
such as
suchsuch
asas
cigarettescigarette
andand
Australianaustralian
soapssoap
willwill
bebe
taxedtax
out of
outout
ofof
sightsight
..
Aa
furtherfar
luxuryluxury
Exciseexcise
Dutyduty
ofof
1010
%%
willwill
bebe
assessedassess
onon
specificspecific
expensiveexpensive
carscar
,,
whichwhich
maymay
happenhappen
toto
bebe
importedimported
carscar
,,
butbut
simplysimply
coincidencecoincidence
,,
boatsboat
,,
fursfur
andand
electricalelectrical
goodsgoods
..
Serviceservice
chargescharge
forfor
industryindustry
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
telephonetelephone
willwill
increaseincrease
atat
aa
greatergreat
raterate
thanthan
thethe
privateprivate
consumerconsumer
..
Howhow
manymany
votesvote
wouldwould
wewe
getget
fromfrom
industryindustry
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
membersmember
ofof
thethe
publicpublic
..
66
..
Nationalnational
Insuranceinsurance
Contributionscontribution
::
Thethe
ceilingceiling
onon
Nationalnational
Insuranceinsurance
contributionscontribution
willwill
bebe
removedremove
,,
aa
flatflat
levylevy
atat
aa
consistentconsistent
raterate
forfor
allall
earningsearning
willwill
bebe
chargedcharge
whateverwhatever
thethe
earningsearning
..
77
..
Maximummaximum
Earningsearning
::
Wewe
willwill
importimport
aa
maximummaximum
earningsearning
levellevel
ofof
££
125,000125,000
per annum
perper
annumannum
forfor
anyany
oneone
individualindividual
asas
drawingsdrawing
oror
incomeincome
..
Thethe
surplussurplus
wouldwould
havehave
toto
bebe
retainedretain
byby
thethe
Companycompany
,,
andand
thereforetherefore
taxedtax
atat
Corporationcorporation
Taxestax
ratesrate
..
Nono
oneone
personperson
,,
other than
otherother
thanthan
ourour
representativesrepresentative
isbe
worthworth
tenten
timestime
thethe
nationalnational
wagewage
averageaverage
..
88
..
Pollutionpollution
Taxtax
::
Manymany
ofof
thethe
unemployedunemployed
incomeincome
taxtax
collectorscollector
willwill
bebe
retrainedretrain
asas
Pollutionpollution
Inspectorsinspector
..
Theythey
willwill
bebe
self-financingself-financing
,,
sincesince
wewe
aimaim
toto
raiseraise
2020
billionbillion
by way of
byby
wayway
ofof
pollutionpollution
taxestax
overover
thethe
firstfirst
fivefive
yearyear
ofof
Governmentgovernment
..
SUMMARYsummary
::
Thethe
removalremoval
ofof
incomeincome
taxtax
andand
punitivepunitive
pollutionpollution
taxtax
onon
manufacturingmanufacturing
plantsplant
,,
powerpower
stationsstation
,,
farmsfarm
andand
allall
mannermanner
ofof
processingprocessing
plantsplant
,,
willwill
bringbring
aboutabout
ana
environmentalenvironmental
friendlyfriendly
off-shoreoff-shore
financialfinancial
servicesservice
relatedrelated
serviceservice
satellitesatellite
forfor
Europeeurope
..
Wewe
wowill
n'tnot
actuallyactually
makemake
oror
dodo
anythinganything
,,
butbut
itit
willwill
bebe
reallyreally
neatneat
lyinglying
inin
thethe
meadowsmeadow
thinkingthink
aboutabout
allall
thethe
moneymoney
wewe
arebe
makingmake
onon
off-shoreoff-shore
taxtax
havenhaven
relatedrelated
businessbusiness
..
99
..
Caravancaravan
Taxtax
::
Allall
caravanscaravan
willwill
bebe
subject to
subjectsubject
toto
aa
££
250.00250.00
Roadroad
Fundfund
licencelicence
dutyduty
..
Anyany
mobilemobile
traffictraffic
offenceoffence
involvinginvolve
aa
caravancaravan
willwill
involveinvolve
ana
automaticautomatic
fivefive
yearyear
banban
fromfrom
towingtow
caravanscaravan
inin
thethe
futurefuture
..
Aa
purchasepurchase
taxtax
ofof
££
2,0002,000
shallshall
bebe
appliedapply
toto
allall
newnew
salessale
ofof
caravanscaravan
..
Aa
purchasepurchase
taxtax
ofof
££
500.00500.00
shallshall
applyapply
toto
allall
second-handsecond-hand
caravanscaravan
salessale
..
Thisthis
actionaction
willwill
substantiallysubstantially
improveimprove
thethe
economyeconomy
byby
::
Raisingraising
fundsfund
Reducingreduce
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
caravanscaravan
towedtow
,,
thereforetherefore
increasingincreasing
Guestguest
Househouse
andand
Hotelhotel
occupancyoccupancy
ratesrate
Clearclear
thethe
roadsroad
ofof
manymany
ofof
itsits
traffictraffic
jamsjam
andand
causescause
ofof
accidentsaccident
Clearclear
scenicscenic
coastalcoastal
viewsview
ofof
unsightlyunsightly
sightssight
sightedsight
atat
thethe
seashoreseashore
DEFENCEdefence
::
Notnot
guiltyguilty
pleaplea
::
Wewe
wuswas
bevviedNO_LEMMA_FORM_IDENTIFIED
mu'ludmu'lud
..
FOREIGNforeign
POLICYpolicy
::
11
..
Allall
overseasoverseas
investmentsinvestment
byby
U.K.u.k.
residentsresident
shallshall
bebe
bannedban
,,
i.e.i.e.
therethere
shallshall
bebe
nono
foreignforeign
policiespolicy
..
22
..
Foreignforeign
policypolicy
inin
Europeeurope
shouldshould
againagain
bebe
leftleave
inin
thethe
handshand
ofof
ourour
establishedestablished
ambassadorsambassador
,,
Manchestermanchester
Unitedunited
,,
Liverpoolliverpool
andand
Arsenalarsenal
..
Therethere
willwill
bebe
thethe
everever
presentpresent
riskrisk
ofof
sexualsexual
blackmailblackmail
,,
sincesince
althoughalthough
homosexualityhomosexuality
appearsappear
toto
bebe
compulsorycompulsory
inin
thethe
Diplomaticdiplomatic
Serviceservice
,,
wewe
believebelieve
ourour
forthrightforthright
andand
thrustingthrusting
working-classworking-class
boysboy
willwill
achieveachieve
greatergreat
penetrationpenetration
inin
Diplomaticdiplomatic
circlescircle
..
Wewe
havehave
somesome
goodgood
newsnews
forfor
Norbertnorbert
Stilesstiles
O.B.E.o.b.e.
sincesince
hehe
willwill
keepkeep
itit
tighttight
atat
thethe
backback
forfor
ourour
keykey
diplomaticdiplomatic
postingposting
..
Thethe
badbad
newsnews
isbe
thatthat
thethe
postingposting
toto
Estudiantesestudiantes
dede
lala
Plataplata
..
33
..
Ourour
so called
soso
calledcalled
independentindependent
nuclearnuclear
capacitycapacity
shallshall
bebe
cancelledcancel
..
Thethe
realityreality
ofof
ourour
interdependentinterdependent
nuclearnuclear
capacitycapacity
shallshall
bebe
achievedachieve
byby
returningreturn
thethe
nuclearnuclear
warheadswarhead
toto
Americaamerica
,,
airmailairmail
..
Callcall
collectcollect
..
Tridenttrident
cancan
bebe
scrappedscrap
..
Thethe
onlyonly
decentdecent
forkfork
inin
historyhistory
wasbe
Mortensmortens
Forkfork
,,
usedused
toto
toasttoast
thethe
richrich
andand
prodprod
thethe
poorpoor
on behalf of
onon
behalfbehalf
ofof
thatthat
robbin'robbing
hoodhood
,,
Henryhenry
Llewellynllewellyn
Tudortudor
VIIvii
..
Puttingput
Tridenttrident
asideaside
willwill
thereforetherefore
savesave
aa
lotlot
ofof
forkingfork
aboutabout
..
44
..
Allall
previousprevious
secretsecret
policemenpoliceman
inin
Easteast
Germanygermany
,,
Romaniaromania
andand
Czechoslovakiaczechoslovakia
willwill
bebe
conscriptedconscript
intointo
serviceservice
asas
taxitaxi
driversdriver
..
Thisthis
willwill
easeease
traffictraffic
flowflow
andand
communicationscommunication
sincesince
passengerspassenger
willwill
onlyonly
havehave
toto
givegive
thethe
namename
ofof
personperson
theythey
wishwish
toto
seesee
,,
andand
thethe
taxitaxi
driverdriver
willwill
notnot
onlyonly
immediatelyimmediately
knowknow
thethe
destinationdestination
,,
andand
thatthat
ofof
hishis
cousinscousin
andand
hishis
workmatesworkmate
..
Ifif
thethe
schemescheme
isbe
successfulsuccessful
inin
Europeeurope
,,
wewe
shallshall
extendextend
itit
asas
partpart
ofof
ourour
domesticdomestic
programmeprogramme
forfor
M.I.m.i.
55
andand
M.I.m.i.
66
,,
therebythereby
clearingclear
thethe
congestioncongestion
onon
thethe
M.I.m.i.
2525
,,
M4m4
,,
M5m5
andand
M1m1
..
DOMESTICdomestic
AFFAIRSaffair
::
Domesticdomestic
affairsaffair
shallshall
bebe
mademake
aa
criminalcriminal
offenceoffence
..
Thethe
sanctitysanctity
ofof
marriagemarriage
shouldshould
notnot
bebe
transgressedtransgress
,,
andand
adulterersadulterer
standstand
thethe
riskrisk
ofof
beingbe
stonedstone
â¦â¦
andand
vice versa
vicevice
versaversa
..
HOMEhome
OFFICEoffice
::
Racerace
Relationsrelation
::
((
ii
))
Wewe
shallshall
introduceintroduce
legislationlegislation
toto
decriminalisedecriminalise
hottinghotting
..
Innerinner
citycity
redevelopmentredevelopment
facilitiesfacility
willwill
bebe
availableavailable
forfor
tarmactarmac
trackstrack
,,
specificallyspecifically
forfor
thethe
purposepurpose
ofof
hottinghotting
..
Inin
factfact
,,
participantsparticipant
ofof
thisthis
goodgood
naturednatured
andand
innocentinnocent
funfun
cancan
looklook
forwardforward
toto
anythinganything
up to
upup
toto
oneone
yearyear
ofof
freefree
accommodationaccommodation
,,
bedbed
andand
breakfastbreakfast
andand
securitysecurity
providedprovide
..
((
iiii
))
Indigenousindigenous
religionsreligion
shallshall
bebe
toleratedtolerate
,,
andand
eveneven
encouragedencourage
inin
ourour
polytetheasticNO_LEMMA_FORM_IDENTIFIED
societysociety
..
Howeverhowever
,,
wherewhere
thethe
activitiesactivity
ofof
oneone
groupgroup
restrictrestrict
thethe
freedomsfreedom
,,
practicespractice
andand
conductconduct
ofof
anotheranother
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
eventsevent
inin
Amritsaramritsar
wewe
shallshall
clampclamp
downdown
ââ
Sheikh/Sikhsheikh/sikh
andand
yeye
shallshall
bebe
finedfine
..
PUBLICpublic
EXPENDITUREexpenditure
::
Ifif
thethe
imbecilicimbecilic
membersmember
ofof
thethe
familyfamily
cancan
findfind
nono
usefuluseful
occupationoccupation
,,
andand
Churchchurch
ofof
Englandengland
stillstill
refusesrefuse
toto
havehave
themthem
,,
thenthen
wewe
findfind
mostmost
ofof
themthem
dressingdress
upup
curiouscurious
uniformsuniform
,,
indulgingindulge
inin
unspecifiedunspecified
sadosado-
masochisticmasochistic
ritualsritual
,,
salutin'saluting
andand
marchin'marching
..
Thisthis
statestate
ofof
affairsaffair
isbe
inheritedinherit
,,
consumingconsume
ana
awfulawful
lotlot
ofof
thethe
nation'snation
grossgross
domesticdomestic
productproduct
,,
withwith
nono
manufacturingmanufacturing
outputoutput
..
Wewe
shallshall
thereforetherefore
convertconvert
thisthis
openopen
asylumasylum
,,
mainlymainly
harmlessharmless
,,
toto
relayingrelay
waterwater
suppliessupply
((
seesee
Greengreen
Issuesissue
))
,,
sewagesewage
andand
drainagedrainage
,,
roadwaysroadway
andand
canalscanal
,,
railwaysrailway
andand
maintenancemaintenance
ofof
playgroupplaygroup
exerciseexercise
areasarea
..
Wewe
willwill
thereforetherefore
encourageencourage
thethe
militarymilitary
toto
changechange
thethe
habitshabit
ofof
aa
lifetimelifetime
andand
bebe
civilcivil
..
GREENgreen
ISSUESissue
::
Anyany
metropolismetropolis
oror
conurbationconurbation
,,
wewe
likelike
bigbig
wordsword
,,
withwith
aa
populationpopulation
ofof
overover
50,00050,000
willwill
byby
lawlaw
havehave
toto
havehave
aa
7575
%%
sewagesewage
recyclerecycle
programmeprogramme
..
Thisthis
isbe
onlyonly
currentlycurrently
beingbe
undertakenundertake
inin
certaincertain
partspart
ofof
Westminsterwestminster
..
Grantsgrant
andand
availableavailable
technologytechnology
shallshall
bebe
providedprovide
forfor
thethe
avoidanceavoidance
ofof
thethe
crazycrazy
Victorianvictorian
ideaidea
ofof
pumpingpump
rawraw
sewagesewage
outout
toto
seasea
..
Increasedincreased
waterwater
purificationpurification
standardsstandard
shallshall
applyapply
..
Allall
waterwayswaterway
shallshall
bebe
nationalisednationalise
,,
thethe
Landownerlandowner
onlyonly
ownsown
thethe
riverbedriverbed
,,
andand
notnot
thethe
waterwater
andand
fishfish
whichwhich
comecome
andand
gogo
unlessunless
saidsaid
fishfish
arebe
taggedtag
withwith
thethe
owner'sowner
namename
,,
addressaddress
andand
muzzledmuzzle
,,
fishfish
andand
ownerowner
..
Farmersfarmer
shallshall
bebe
heavilyheavily
finedfine
forfor
accidentalaccidental
seepageseepage
ofof
silagesilage
whenwhen
ourour
pollutionpollution
inspectorsinspector
((
taketake
youyou
outout
,,
taketake
youyou
outout
,,
inin
thethe
slurryslurry
withwith
thethe
hingehinge
unlockedunlock
))
..
Toto
regainregain
thethe
importanceimportance
ofof
Victorianvictorian
valuesvalue
,,
whichwhich
seemsseem
toto
havehave
slippedslip
offoff
thethe
agendaagenda
forfor
mostmost
majormajor
partiesparty
,,
wewe
willwill
reinstatereinstate
hedgerowshedgerow
andand
forestedforested
areasarea
in accordance with
inin
accordanceaccordance
withwith
thethe
Ordnanceordnance
Surveysurvey
mapmap
ofof
18481848
..
Thisthis
willwill
provideprovide
twotwo
importantimportant
advantagesadvantage
::
((
aa
))
Wewe
havehave
thethe
opportunityopportunity
ofof
re-fightingrefight
thethe
Crimeancrimean
Warwar
,,
butbut
asas
wewe
nevernever
learnlearn
fromfrom
historyhistory
,,
wewe
arebe
doomeddoom
toto
repeatrepeat
ourour
mistakesmistake
,,
andand
((
bb
))
cutcut
crimecrime
figuresfigure
inin
thethe
U.K.u.k.
sincesince
byby
re-runningre-run
thethe
Crimeancrimean
Warwar
wewe
maymay
avoidavoid
thethe
inventioninvention
ofof
thethe
balaclavabalaclava
..
Albanianalbanian
goldgold
shallshall
bebe
returnedreturn
toto
thethe
rightfulrightful
Governmentgovernment
,,
ifif
theythey
simplysimply
givegive
usus
backback
ourour
battleshipsbattleship
andand
aa
9999
yearyear
leaselease
onon
Southernsouthern
Albaniaalbania
,,
thethe
areaarea
withwith
aa
Greekgreek
majoritymajority
..
Thisthis
landland
willwill
bebe
rentedrent
backback
toto
thethe
Greekgreek
Albanianalbanian
majoritymajority
in return for
inin
returnreturn
forfor
ana
undertakingundertaking
toto
provideprovide
cheapcheap
andand
pleasurablepleasurable
Adriaticadriatic
holidaysholiday
inin
ana
otherwiseotherwise
unexploitedunexploited
areaarea
..
Thisthis
willwill
putput
thethe
Albanianalbanian
economyeconomy
backback
inin
thethe
blackblack
,,
andand
wewe
getget
thethe
tanstan
..
Sincesince
thethe
Greekgreek
minorityminority
wouldwould
thenthen
bebe
excludedexclude
fromfrom
thethe
restrest
ofof
Albaniaalbania
thisthis
isbe
ana
unusualunusual
exampleexample
ofof
aa
giftgift
barringbarring
Greeksgreek
..
BANKSbank
::
Banksbank
shallshall
bebe
unableunable
toto
writewrite
offoff
,,
oror
claimclaim
reliefrelief
againstagainst
thethe
firstfirst
1515
%%
ofof
anyany
loanloan
oror
bankruptedbankrupted
debtdebt
leftleave
withwith
themthem
..
Thisthis
willwill
introduceintroduce
ana
unfamiliarunfamiliar
notenote
ofof
responsibilityresponsibility
toto
thethe
lendinglending
policypolicy
ofof
institutionsinstitution
eveneven
moremuch
loonyloony
thanthan
ourour
ownown
..
Banksbank
shallshall
alsoalso
bebe
precludedpreclude
fromfrom
havinghave
anyany
interestinterest
inin
,,
sellingsell
oror
receivingreceive
commissionscommission
fromfrom
Lifelife
Assuranceassurance
,,
Pensionspension
andand
investmentinvestment
businessbusiness
..
Theirtheir
businessbusiness
isbe
thatthat
ofof
lendinglending
moneymoney
belowbelow
thethe
pointpoint
ofof
usuryusury
,,
butbut
aboveabove
thethe
pointpoint
ofof
boredomboredom
,,
i.e.i.e.
reasonablereasonable
interestinterest
,,
andand
notnot
insuranceinsurance
salesmensalesman
..
Insuranceinsurance
salesmensalesman
shallshall
bebe
bannedban
..
Nono
investmentinvestment
contractcontract
maymay
bebe
soldsell
oror
signedsign
outside of
outsideoutside
ofof
ana
officeoffice
placeplace
..
Nono
individualindividual
cancan
sellsell
oror
receivereceive
commissioncommission
onon
investmentinvestment
businessbusiness
,,
unlessunless
hehe
hashave
beenbe
workingwork
forfor
thatthat
samesame
Companycompany
forfor
at least
atat
leastleast
fivefive
continuouscontinuous
yearsyear
..
Thethe
Lifelife
Companiescompany
shallshall
paypay
aa
levylevy
ofof
££
10,00010,000
per annum
perper
annumannum
forfor
eacheach
appointedappointed
representativerepresentative
theythey
employemploy
..
Independentindependent
financialfinancial
advisersadviser
shallshall
paypay
aa
levylevy
ofof
££
5,0005,000
forfor
eacheach
independentindependent
financialfinancial
adviseradviser
theythey
employemploy
..
Althoughalthough
strictstrict
licensinglicensing
isbe
thethe
limitlimit
ofof
ourour
intentintent
atat
thethe
presentpresent
,,
thethe
industryindustry
isbe
putput
onon
guardguard
andand
attentionattention
isbe
drawndraw
toto
thethe
Dangerousdangerous
Dogsdog
Legislationlegislation
,,
withwith
compulsorycompulsory
muzzlingmuzzling
andand
neuteringneutering
forfor
persistentpersistent
offendersoffender
..
MOTORmotor
INDUSTRYindustry
::
Thethe
Fordford
Escortescort
vanvan
13001300
c.c.c.c.
engineengine
withwith
catalyticcatalytic
exhaustexhaust
shallshall
bebe
nationalisednationalise
..
Thethe
carcar
shallshall
bebe
producedproduce
inin
constantconstant
supplysupply
,,
irrespective of
irrespectiveirrespective
ofof
demanddemand
,,
andand
bebe
mademake
availableavailable
atat
incrediblyincredibly
sillysilly
pricesprice
forfor
allall
worthyworthy
organisationsorganisation
,,
locallocal
authoritiesauthority
andand
smallsmall
businessesbusiness
onon
aa
meansmean
testedtest
basisbasis
..
Thethe
Morrismorris
Minorminor
withwith
ana
11001100
engineengine
,,
butbut
withwith
originaloriginal
chromechrome
andand
splitsplit
windscreenwindscreen
willwill
alsoalso
bebe
re-introducedre-introduce
onon
aa
massmass
producedproduce
basisbasis
..
Statestate
fundingfunding
ofof
thethe
provisionprovision
ofof
mass-producedmass-produced
easilyeasily
accessibleaccessible
vehiclesvehicle
whichwhich
cancan
bebe
adaptedadapt
forfor
disableddisabled
useuse
willwill
givegive
realreal
mobilitymobility
toto
thethe
peoplepeople
,,
andand
undermineundermine
thethe
expensiveexpensive
importimport
carcar
marketmarket
..
Looklook
,,
ifif
thethe
Trabanttrabant
cancan
achieveachieve
cultcult
statusstatus
â¦â¦
RESTITUTIONrestitution
OFof
PROPERTYproperty
ACTact
::
Gollumgollum
mustmust
givegive
Siegfriedsiegfried
hishis
ringring
backback
..
HEADLINEheadline
INFLATIONinflation
::
Itit
isbe
truetrue
thatthat
headlineheadline
inflationinflation
hashave
reducedreduce
sincesince
itit
peakedpeak
inin
19821982
withwith
thethe
infamousinfamous
""
gotchagotcha
""
..
MAINTENANCEmaintenance
PAYMENTSpayment
::
Bebe
therethere
whenwhen
ourour
enforcementenforcement
officersofficer
finallyfinally
handhand
Arniarni
Sacknussensacknussen
thethe
writwrit
forfor
desertiondesertion
andand
fivefive
yearsyear
backback
paymentspayment
forfor
maintenancemaintenance
..
LIBERALliberal
BLANDbland
WAGONwagon
::
Thethe
factfact
thatthat
oneone
ofof
thethe
mostmuch
outstandingoutstanding
cricketerscricketer
ofof
allall
timetime
wasbe
Colincolin
Blandbland
,,
itit
sayssay
aa
lotlot
aboutabout
cricketcricket
asas
ana
athleticathletic
andand
grippinggripping
sportsport
..
Thisthis
leadslead
usus
toto
wallowwallow
inin
blandnessblandness
along with
alongalong
withwith
Marlonmarlon
Blandoblando
,,
holidaysholiday
inin
Bllandudnobllandudno
,,
thethe
constitutionalconstitutional
fiascofiasco
ofof
callingcall
thethe
Electionelection
datedate
ââ
Blandman'sblandman
Bluffbluff
..
""
Theythey
bebe
blandbland
leadersleader
ofof
thethe
blandbland
..
Andand
ifif
thethe
blandbland
leadlead
thethe
blandbland
,,
bothboth
shallshall
fallfall
intointo
thethe
ditchditch
""
..
GREENgreen
ISSUESissue
::
Lettucelettuce
withwith
aa
gladsomegladsome
mindmind
,,
Praisepraise
thethe
Lordlord
forfor
Hehe
isbe
kindkind
..
GETTINGget
STONEDstoned
::
Fromfrom
thethe
stonesstone
andand
bric-bracsbric-brac
thatthat
youyou
throwthrow
wewe
cancan
buildbuild
aa
fortressfortress
capablecapable
ofof
withstandingwithstand
youryour
siegesiege
..
WHEREwhere
DOdo
WEwe
STANDstand
INin
THEthe
status quo
STATUSstatus
QUOquo
??
Wewe
arebe
thethe
politicalpolitical
wingwing
ofof
thethe
Liberalliberal
Partyparty
..
GLOSSARYglossary
OFof
TERMSterm
::
Petopeto
Instituteinstitute
,,
Budapestbudapest
,,
Hungaryhungary
..
3-143-14
Decemberdecember
19901990
byby
Jj
Davisdavis
andand
Jj
Eccleshalleccleshall
,,
Mabelmabel
Prichardprichard
Schoolschool
,,
Oxfordoxford
..
Introductionintroduction
Inin
Novembernovember
19901990
,,
thethe
Firstfirst
Worldworld
Congresscongress
ofof
thethe
Internationalinternational
Petöpetö
Instituteinstitute
wasbe
heldhold
inin
Budapestbudapest
,,
Hungaryhungary
..
Severalseveral
hundredhundred
peoplepeople
attendedattend
fromfrom
3737
differentdifferent
countriescountry
..
Variousvarious
disciplinesdiscipline
werebe
representedrepresent
includinginclude
educationalistseducationalist
,,
psychologistspsychologist
,,
doctorsdoctor
andand
othersother
inin
associatedassociated
medicalmedical
professionsprofession
..
Thethe
Congresscongress
lastedlast
threethree
daysday
,,
andand
wasbe
followedfollow
byby
aa
twotwo
weekweek
Informationinformation
Coursecourse
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
..
Wewe
werebe
twotwo
ofof
thethe
seventyseventy
peoplepeople
whowho
tooktake
partpart
inin
thisthis
coursecourse
..
Wewe
writewrite
thisthis
reportreport
fromfrom
thethe
standpointstandpoint
ofof
teachersteacher
ofof
childrenchild
withwith
severesevere
learninglearning
difficultiesdifficulty
andand
manymany
ofof
ourour
observationsobservation
arebe
mademake
withwith
thethe
needsneed
ofof
thesethese
childrenchild
inin
mindmind
..
Wewe
feelfeel
privilegedprivileged
toto
havehave
hadhave
thethe
chancechance
toto
bebe
partpart
ofof
suchsuch
aa
valuablevaluable
learninglearning
experienceexperience
..
Thethe
Educationeducation
Systemsystem
inin
Hungaryhungary
in order
Inin
orderorder
toto
understandunderstand
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
itit
hashave
toto
bebe
seensee
inin
thethe
contextcontext
ofof
thethe
Hungarianhungarian
Statestate
Systemsystem
..
Toto
bebe
admittedadmit
toto
aa
statestate
schoolschool
,,
childrenchild
mustmust
bebe
ableable
toto
walkwalk
,,
toto
bebe
continentcontinent
andand
showshow
thethe
abilityability
toto
learnlearn
andand
keepkeep
upup
withwith
normalnormal
workwork
..
Theythey
havehave
toto
managemanage
withoutwithout
aidsaid
such as
suchsuch
asas
wheelchairswheelchair
oror
specialspecial
furniturefurniture
andand
bebe
ableable
toto
writewrite
andand
drawdraw
ââ
typewriterstypewriter
andand
computerscomputer
arebe
notnot
providedprovide
..
Mothersmother
staystay
atat
homehome
forfor
threethree
yearsyear
afterafter
thethe
birthbirth
ofof
theirtheir
babiesbaby
onon
7070
%%
ofof
theirtheir
salarysalary
((
inflationinflation
isbe
notnot
takentake
intointo
considerationconsideration
))
..
Mothersmother
ofof
handicappedhandicapped
childrenchild
cancan
extendextend
thisthis
toto
1010
yearsyear
oror
longerlong
..
Childrenchild
arebe
admittedadmit
toto
Kindergartenkindergarten
fromfrom
33
--
66
yearsyear
..
Thosethose
suitablesuitable
progressprogress
toto
primaryprimary
schoolsschool
((
66
--
1111
yearsyear
))
andand
thenthen
secondarysecondary
schoolsschool
((
1111-16
--
1611-16
yearsyear
))
..
Secondarysecondary
schoolschool
cancan
bebe
""
grammargrammar
""
oror
vocationalvocational
trainingtraining
forfor
skilledskilled
workersworker
..
Collegecollege
oror
universityuniversity
followfollow
andand
cancan
lastlast
fromfrom
44-6
--
64-6
yearsyear
..
Beforebefore
enteringenter
schoolschool
,,
psychologicalpsychological
,,
medicalmedical
andand
educationaleducational
assessmentsassessment
arebe
requiredrequire
..
Asas
aa
resultresult
ofof
thesethese
,,
tenten
percentpercent
ofof
childrenchild
gogo
toto
specialspecial
schoolsschool
ââ
e.g.e.g.
Thethe
Petöpetö
Instituteinstitute
oror
schoolsschool
cateringcater
forfor
thethe
blindblind
,,
deafdeaf
oror
moderatelymoderately
mentallymentally
handicappedhandicapped
..
Threethree
percentpercent
arebe
classedclass
asas
ineducableineducable
andand
eithereither
staystay
atat
homehome
withwith
theirtheir
familiesfamily
oror
arebe
placedplace
inin
welfarewelfare
institutionsinstitution
ââ
parentsparent
wishingwish
toto
havehave
teachingteaching
forfor
thesethese
childrenchild
havehave
toto
paypay
privatelyprivately
..
Thethe
Petöpetö
Instituteinstitute
Thethe
Instituteinstitute
isbe
situatedsituate
inin
aa
pleasantpleasant
districtdistrict
ofof
Budabuda
,,
next to
nextnext
toto
aa
largelarge
hospitalhospital
..
Itit
isbe
aa
largelarge
,,
modernmodern
buildingbuilding
andand
itit
wouldwould
bebe
easyeasy
toto
imagineimagine
oneselfoneself
inin
aa
hospitalhospital
except for
exceptexcept
forfor
thethe
noisenoise
,,
cheerfulcheerful
bustlebustle
andand
attractiveattractive
classroomsclassroom
..
Thethe
buildingbuilding
isbe
sixsix
storeysstorey
highhigh
,,
withwith
lotslots
ofof
stairsstair
forfor
thethe
childrenchild
toto
negotiatenegotiate
..
Thethe
groundground
floorfloor
hashave
ana
out-patientsout-patient
departmentdepartment
,,
forfor
childrenchild
fromfrom
sixsix
monthsmonth
toto
threethree
yearsyear
,,
andand
alsoalso
forfor
adultsadult
..
Onon
thethe
nextnext
levellevel
arebe
classroomsclassroom
forfor
conductor-traineesconductor trainees
,,
officesoffice
andand
aa
sitting/buffetsitting/buffet
areaarea
,,
whichwhich
hashave
toto
copecope
withwith
ana
internationalinternational
mixmix
ofof
familiesfamily
,,
visitorsvisitor
,,
studentsstudent
,,
staffstaff
andand
conductorsconductor
..
Itit
cancan
taketake
half-an-hourhalf an hour
toto
buybuy
aa
coffeecoffee
andand
seatsseat
arebe
oftenoften
notnot
availableavailable
..
Otherother
levelslevel
containcontain
kindergartenkindergarten
andand
schoolschool
classesclass
forfor
threethree
toto
eleveneleven
year-oldsyear old
..
Eacheach
groupgroup
hashave
twotwo
largelarge
workingworking
areasarea
andand
bathroomsbathroom
..
Thethe
areasarea
arebe
connectedconnect
byby
foldingfolding
doorsdoor
andand
allall
havehave
wall-barswall bars
,,
plinthsplinth
,,
stoolsstool
,,
ladderbacksladderback
,,
somesome
carpetedcarpeted
areasarea
andand
toystoy
,,
althoughalthough
thesethese
seemseem
smallsmall
inin
numbernumber
..
Thethe
residentialresidential
childrenchild
sleepsleep
andand
eateat
inin
thesethese
areasarea
,,
usinguse
thethe
plinthsplinth
asas
bedsbed
..
Transfertransfer
procedureprocedure
Whenwhen
aa
childchild
isbe
consideredconsider
readyready
toto
transfertransfer
fromfrom
thethe
Instituteinstitute
toto
aa
regularregular
schoolschool
::
ââ
11
..
Thethe
appropriateappropriate
schoolschool
isbe
selectedselect
..
22
..
After-careafter-care
staffstaff
keepkeep
in contact with
inin
contactcontact
withwith
thethe
schoolschool
..
33
..
Reportsreport
arebe
requestedrequest
forfor
eacheach
""
Instituteinstitute
""
childchild
everyevery
yearyear
..
44
..
Teachersteacher
arebe
invitedinvite
toto
thethe
Instituteinstitute
toto
discussdiscuss
thethe
child'schild
progressprogress
andand
programmeprogramme
..
55
..
Threethree
dayday
coursescourse
arebe
providedprovide
yearlyyearly
forfor
teachersteacher
withwith
disableddisabled
childrenchild
inin
theirtheir
classesclass
..
Theythey
arebe
toldtell
aboutabout
aidsaid
whichwhich
cancan
assistassist
themthem
andand
givengiven
timetime
toto
discussdiscuss
specialspecial
problemsproblem
..
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
Itit
isbe
extremelyextremely
difficultdifficult
toto
describedescribe
inin
wordsword
suchsuch
aa
highlyhighly
complexcomplex
methodmethod
,,
butbut
wewe
arebe
givinggive
somesome
ideasidea
wewe
havehave
gainedgain
duringduring
ourour
two-and-a-halftwo-and-a-half
weeksweek
..
Aa
speakerspeaker
atat
thethe
Internationalinternational
Congresscongress
pointedpoint
outout
thatthat
therethere
arebe
twotwo
approachesapproach
toto
handicaphandicap
ââ
eithereither
wewe
cancan
adaptadapt
thethe
environmentenvironment
((
e.g.e.g.
byby
providingprovide
wheelchairswheelchair
,,
rampsramp
,,
etcetc
))
oror
wewe
cancan
makemake
thethe
individualindividual
dodo
thethe
adaptingadapting
..
Thethe
latterlatter
isbe
thethe
approachapproach
takentake
byby
thethe
Instituteinstitute
..
Theythey
believebelieve
,,
""
â¦â¦
thatthat
thethe
individualindividual
cancan
bebe
mademake
toto
learnlearn
howhow
toto
learnlearn
â¦â¦
chromosomeschromosome
dodo
notnot
havehave
thethe
lastlast
wordword
â¦â¦
individualsindividual
shouldshould
havehave
thethe
optionoption
toto
changechange
,,
irrespective of
irrespectiveirrespective
ofof
ageage
""
..
Alsoalso
,,
theythey
feelfeel
thatthat
humanhuman
beingsbeing
dodo
notnot
learnlearn
leftleave
toto
themselvesthemselves
,,
soso
oneone
generationgeneration
imposesimpose
learninglearning
onon
anotheranother
..
Conductorsconductor
arebe
neededneed
toto
imposeimpose
thisthis
learninglearning
inin
aa
structuredstructured
mannermanner
..
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
isbe
aa
preventivepreventive
systemsystem
aimedaim
atat
stoppingstop
aa
disabilitydisability
fromfrom
becomingbecome
aa
handicaphandicap
..
Motormotor
andand
intellectualintellectual
developmentdevelopment
arebe
inseparableinseparable
..
Eacheach
separateseparate
actionaction
neededneed
forfor
life-skillslife skills
isbe
taughtteach
toto
thethe
groupgroup
,,
andand
withinwithin
thisthis
allall
individualsindividual
arebe
encouragedencourage
toto
findfind
theirtheir
ownown
solutionssolution
toto
problemsproblem
..
Thethe
reasonsreason
forfor
learninglearn
eacheach
tasktask
arebe
sharedshare
withwith
thethe
childchild
andand
theythey
arebe
encouragedencourage
toto
choosechoose
ana
optimisticoptimistic
alternativealternative
inin
everyevery
situationsituation
..
Allall
thatthat
isbe
learntlearn
mustmust
bebe
carriedcarry
overover
intointo
real-lifereal-life
situationssituation
,,
soso
trainingtraining
ofof
parentsparent
isbe
veryvery
importantimportant
((
seesee
sectionsection
onon
""
Groupsgroup
inin
thethe
Instituteinstitute
""
))
..
Thethe
atmosphereatmosphere
inin
thethe
Instituteinstitute
isbe
alwaysalways
cheerfulcheerful
,,
busybusy
,,
encouragingencouraging
,,
warmwarm
andand
positivepositive
..
Thethe
children'schild
motivationmotivation
isbe
excellentexcellent
,,
asas
isbe
theirtheir
concentrationconcentration
..
Onon
thethe
wholewhole
,,
theythey
appearappear
asas
keenkeen
atat
thethe
endend
ofof
aa
veryvery
longlong
dayday
asas
atat
thethe
beginningbeginning
..
Thisthis
couldcould
bebe
surprisingsurprising
,,
asas
thethe
sessionssession
arebe
veryvery
repetitiverepetitive
andand
thethe
teachingteaching
sessionsession
veryvery
formalformal
..
Groupgroup
workwork
formsform
thethe
basisbasis
forfor
allall
programmesprogramme
andand
withinwithin
thisthis
thethe
developmentdevelopment
ofof
thethe
personalitypersonality
isbe
stressedstress
,,
plusplus
inter-personalinter-personal
andand
groupgroup
relationshipsrelationship
..
Taskstask
assignedassign
eacheach
dayday
teachteach
skillsskill
neededneed
forfor
dressingdress
,,
feedingfeed
,,
hygienehygiene
,,
speechspeech
,,
changechange
ofof
placeplace
andand
postureposture
,,
standingstanding
andand
walkingwalking
..
Nationalnational
Curriculumcurriculum
subjectssubject
havehave
toto
bebe
coveredcover
inin
schoolschool
groupsgroup
..
Compulsorycompulsory
subjectssubject
forfor
primaryprimary
childrenchild
arebe
readingread
,,
mathsmaths
,,
writingwriting
,,
artart
andand
technologytechnology
,,
drawingdrawing
andand
naturenature
andand
therethere
arebe
twotwo
educationaleducational
sessionssession
aa
dayday
lastinglast
betweenbetween
1-21-2
hourshour
eacheach
..
Assessmentsassessment
Childrenchild
arebe
assessedassess
whilewhile
stayingstay
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
forfor
up to
upup
toto
fourfour
weeksweek
((
thisthis
maymay
bebe
extendedextend
inin
somesome
casescase
))
..
Thethe
selectionselection
criteriacriterion
ofof
childrenchild
isbe
laidlay
downdown
byby
thethe
governmentgovernment
departmentdepartment
appropriateappropriate
toto
educationeducation
andand
healthhealth
..
Atat
thethe
initialinitial
sessionssession
,,
aa
registryregistry
sheetsheet
isbe
mademake
outout
andand
photosphoto
andand
videosvideo
arebe
mademake
..
Thesethese
arebe
continuouslycontinuously
updatedupdate
..
Observationsobservation
arebe
keptkeep
duringduring
thethe
children'schild
timetime
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
onon
theirtheir
developmentaldevelopmental
progressprogress
inin
allall
areasarea
andand
thesethese
arebe
recordedrecord
approximatelyapproximately
onceonce
aa
monthmonth
..
Howeverhowever
,,
conductorsconductor
ofof
eacheach
groupgroup
wouldwould
meetmeet
dailydaily
andand
discussdiscuss
minorminor
adjustmentsadjustment
toto
thethe
programmesprogramme
..
Carefulcareful
recordsrecord
arebe
keptkeep
onon
thethe
spina bifida
Spinaspina
Bifidabifida
children'schild
toiletingtoileting
ââ
volumevolume
ofof
urineurine
isbe
notednote
,,
alsoalso
periodsperiod
ofof
drynessdryness
..
Thisthis
isbe
becausebecause
thesethese
childrenchild
easilyeasily
developdevelop
kidneykidney
andand
bladderbladder
problemsproblem
..
Assessmentsassessment
andand
recordsrecord
arebe
alsoalso
requiredrequire
fromfrom
formerformer
Petöpetö
childrenchild
,,
nownow
inin
mainstreammainstream
schoolsschool
..
Thesethese
childrenchild
arebe
regularlyregularly
checkedcheck
,,
theirtheir
teachersteacher
arebe
consultedconsult
andand
advisedadvise
,,
andand
conductorsconductor
visitvisit
theirtheir
schoolsschool
..
Nono
reportsreport
werebe
availableavailable
forfor
usus
toto
seesee
,,
althoughalthough
therethere
werebe
filesfile
onon
thethe
childrenchild
inin
eacheach
areaarea
..
Conductorsconductor
andand
theirtheir
trainingtraining
Conductorsconductor
receivereceive
aa
four-yearfour-year
trainingtraining
,,
whichwhich
coverscover
manymany
areasarea
,,
e.g.e.g.
childchild
developmentdevelopment
,,
physiotherapyphysiotherapy
,,
speechspeech
,,
andand
biologybiology
..
Drdr
Mariamaria
Harihari
wasbe
,,
howeverhowever
,,
keenkeen
toto
pointpoint
outout
thatthat
thethe
trainingtraining
wasbe
notnot
simplysimply
aa
summarysummary
ofof
thesethese
professionsprofession
butbut
thatthat
conductorsconductor
werebe
uniqueunique
productsproduct
ofof
aa
complexcomplex
systemsystem
..
Howeverhowever
,,
whenwhen
wewe
talkedtalk
toto
professionalsprofessional
inin
variousvarious
fieldsfield
,,
fromfrom
thethe
UKuk
andand
abroadabroad
,,
no-oneno-one
feltfeel
thatthat
theirtheir
particularparticular
professionprofession
wasbe
understoodunderstand
inin
anyany
depthdepth
..
Duringduring
theirtheir
trainingtraining
,,
emphasisemphasis
isbe
onon
thethe
practicepractice
ofof
thethe
theorytheory
,,
muchmuch
moremuch
soso
thanthan
inin
thethe
usualusual
trainingtraining
ofof
teachersteacher
..
Thethe
lectureslecture
arebe
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
andand
whatwhat
isbe
learntlearn
isbe
immediatelyimmediately
putput
intointo
practicepractice
withwith
thethe
traineestrainee
actingact
asas
helpershelper
inin
thethe
variousvarious
groupsgroup
..
Studentsstudent
learnlearn
howhow
toto
observeobserve
,,
planplan
,,
organiseorganise
andand
analyseanalyse
situationssituation
so that
soso
thatthat
problemsproblem
cancan
bebe
solvedsolve
..
Qualifiedqualified
conductorsconductor
workwork
aa
compulsorycompulsory
nineteennineteen
hourshour
aa
weekweek
,,
butbut
mostmost
workwork
up to
upup
toto
thirtythirty
hourshour
asas
therethere
isbe
soso
muchmuch
toto
dodo
..
Theythey
arebe
paidpay
7,0007,000
Forintsforint
perper
monthmonth
((
approximatelyapproximately
6565
))
,,
risingrise
toto
12,00012,000
afterafter
fivefive
yearsyear
..
Theythey
arebe
responsibleresponsible
forfor
everyevery
aspectaspect
ofof
thethe
children'schild
carecare
,,
i.e.i.e.
theythey
wakewake
themthem
upup
inin
thethe
morningmorning
,,
taketake
lyinglying
,,
sittingsit
,,
standingstanding
,,
andand
walkingwalking
groupsgroup
,,
teachteach
thethe
Nationalnational
Curriculumcurriculum
lessonslesson
,,
toilettoilet
andand
bathbath
thethe
childrenchild
andand
putput
themthem
toto
bedbed
..
Planningplanning
comescome
on top of
onon
toptop
ofof
allall
thisthis
..
Morningmorning
,,
afternoonafternoon
,,
eveningevening
andand
weekendweekend
shiftsshift
arebe
workedwork
..
Thethe
workwork
isbe
extremelyextremely
hardhard
andand
conductorsconductor
needneed
toto
bebe
veryvery
dedicateddedicated
..
Allall
appearedappear
toto
usus
toto
bebe
warmwarm
,,
positivepositive
,,
enthusiasticenthusiastic
peoplepeople
ââ
alwaysalways
praisingpraise
,,
rarelyrarely
criticisingcriticise
..
Wewe
almostalmost
nevernever
heardhear
""
Nemnem
""
((
nono
))
,,
butbut
alwaysalways
""
Igenigen
""
((
yesyes
))
oror
""
Jj
""
((
goodgood
))
..
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
andand
PMLDpmld
childrenchild
Duringduring
thethe
threethree
daysday
atat
thethe
conferenceconference
andand
thethe
two-weektwo-week
coursecourse
thatthat
followedfollow
,,
itit
wasbe
categoricallycategorically
statedstate
onon
severalseveral
occasionsoccasion
thatthat
PMLDpmld
childrenchild
arebe
notnot
suitablesuitable
forfor
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
..
Thesethese
arebe
thethe
33
%%
placedplace
inin
welfarewelfare
institutionsinstitution
oror
leftleave
atat
homehome
withwith
parentsparent
,,
classedclass
asas
ineducableineducable
..
Howeverhowever
,,
inin
lessless
formalformal
talkstalk
withwith
conductorsconductor
andand
lecturerslecturer
,,
andand
inin
aa
discussiondiscussion
ledlead
byby
Drdr
Mariamaria
Harihari
,,
itit
becamebecome
apparentapparent
thatthat
inin
factfact
therethere
arebe
somesome
concessionsconcession
..
Childrenchild
havehave
beenbe
takentake
onon
byby
thethe
Instituteinstitute
andand
givengive
trialtrial
periodsperiod
..
Ifif
,,
howeverhowever
,,
theythey
showshow
nono
signsign
ofof
abilityability
toto
makemake
contactcontact
oror
toto
learnlearn
byby
fivefive
yearsyear
theythey
arebe
placedplace
inin
aa
specialspecial
schoolschool
,,
welfarewelfare
institutioninstitution
oror
returnedreturn
toto
familyfamily
surroundingssurroundings
..
Drdr
Harihari
alsoalso
congratulatedcongratulate
Mrsmrs
Marianmarian
Fangfang
((
Chairchair
ofor
thethe
Honghong
Kongkong
Specialspecial
Schools'school
Councilcouncil
andand
Principalprincipal
ofof
thethe
Johnjohn
F.f.
Kennedykennedy
Centrecentre
forfor
Handicappedhandicapped
Childrenchild
))
onon
herher
workwork
withwith
mentallymentally
impairedimpaired
childrenchild
..
Sheshe
hashave
pioneeredpioneer
Conductiveconductive
Stylestyle
groupsgroup
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
withwith
PMLDpmld
childrenchild
whowho
livelive
permanentlypermanently
inin
hospitalhospital
..
Nursesnurse
runrun
thethe
groupsgroup
andand
therethere
havehave
beenbe
significantsignificant
resultsresult
..
Drdr
Harihari
considersconsider
thatthat
thethe
carefulcareful
structuringstructuring
inin
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
isbe
aa
suitablesuitable
methodmethod
forfor
allall
children'schild
learninglearning
..
Sheshe
alsoalso
mademake
itit
clearclear
thatthat
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
isbe
notnot
thethe
onlyonly
methodmethod
,,
andand
admittedadmit
thatthat
otherother
methodsmethod
arebe
useduse
withwith
successsuccess
..
Groupsgroup
inin
thethe
Instituteinstitute
Outpatientsoutpatient
11
..
Parentsparent
andand
childrenchild
out-patientsout-patient
departmentdepartment
Childrenchild
arebe
usuallyusually
referredrefer
byby
hospitalshospital
inin
Hungaryhungary
..
Conductorsconductor
visitvisit
prematurepremature
babybaby
unitsunit
andand
decidedecide
whichwhich
childrenchild
toto
acceptaccept
..
Babiesbaby
cancan
startstart
atat
sixsix
monthsmonth
,,
butbut
itit
isbe
moremuch
likelylikely
toto
bebe
12-1812-18
monthsmonth
..
Anan
earlyearly
startstart
isbe
goodgood
asas
parentsparent
cancan
helphelp
withwith
thethe
programmesprogramme
inin
thethe
homehome
,,
eveneven
atat
aa
pre-verbalpre-verbal
stagestage
..
Developmentaldevelopmental
delaydelay
isbe
causedcause
byby
laterlate
startsstart
andand
secondarysecondary
damagedamage
cancan
developdevelop
tootoo
((
e.g.e.g.
contracturescontracture
andand
behaviourbehaviour
problemsproblem
))
..
Earlierearly
integrationintegration
intointo
mainstreammainstream
hashave
beenbe
notednote
whenwhen
childrenchild
beginbegin
youngyoung
..
Parentsparent
comecome
onon
ana
observationobservation
dayday
firstfirst
,,
thenthen
accompanyaccompany
theirtheir
childrenchild
forfor
oneone
toto
twotwo
hourshour
aa
dayday
,,
fivefive
daysday
aa
weekweek
..
Mostmost
choosechoose
toto
comecome
forfor
two-weektwo-week
periodsperiod
,,
withwith
timetime
toto
practisepractise
atat
homehome
in between
inin
betweenbetween
..
Childrenchild
startstart
inin
thethe
beginnersbeginner
groupgroup
andand
whenwhen
theythey
proveprove
toto
havehave
goodgood
contactcontact
withwith
parentsparent
,,
thethe
abilityability
toto
understandunderstand
instructionsinstruction
andand
toto
movemove
fromfrom
oneone
positionposition
toto
anotheranother
theythey
movemove
onon
toto
thethe
advancedadvanced
groupgroup
whichwhich
isbe
forfor
childrenchild
overover
thethe
ageage
ofof
twotwo
,,
stillstill
withwith
parentsparent
accompanyingaccompany
..
Contactcontact
withwith
conductorsconductor
andand
otherother
groupgroup
membersmember
isbe
encouragedencourage
,,
asas
isbe
moremore
independenceindependence
andand
walkingwalking
..
Moremuch
intenseintense
programmesprogramme
arebe
followedfollow
..
22
..
Kindergartenkindergarten
out-patientsout-patient
clinicclinic
Thisthis
clinicclinic
caterscater
forfor
childrenchild
whowho
havehave
beenbe
integratedintegrate
intointo
mainstreammainstream
kindergartenskindergarten
..
Theythey
attendattend
threethree
timestime
perper
weekweek
forfor
two-hourtwo-hour
sessionssession
..
Wewe
sawsee
aa
classclass
ofof
veryvery
ableable
childrenchild
,,
withwith
minimalminimal
impairmentimpairment
,,
whowho
camecome
forfor
aa
P.E./musicp.e./music
andand
movementmovement
sessionsession
..
Thisthis
typetype
ofof
programmeprogramme
wouldwould
bebe
veryvery
usefuluseful
forfor
Mabelmabel
Prichardprichard
childrenchild
..
Petöpetö
isbe
foundedfound
onon
thethe
theorytheory
thatthat
""
Actionaction
isbe
aa
pre-conditionpre-condition
ofof
thinkingthinking
""
..
33
..
School-ageschool-age
out-patientsout-patient
Childrenchild
whowho
havehave
beenbe
integratedintegrate
intointo
mainstreammainstream
schoolsschool
cancan
returnreturn
atat
anyany
timetime
forfor
helphelp
andand
arebe
calledcall
backback
atat
six-monthlysix-monthly
intervalsinterval
forfor
checkscheck
..
44
..
Parent'sparent
Schoolschool
ââ
minorminor
impairmentsimpairment
Anyany
childchild
cancan
comecome
withwith
itsits
parentsparent
forfor
oneone
hourhour
aa
monthmonth
..
Theythey
arebe
givengive
adviceadvice
,,
counsellingcounselling
andand
workwork
toto
dodo
atat
homehome
..
55
..
Adultadult
out-patientsout-patient
Multiplemultiple
Sclerosissclerosis
,,
Parkinson'sparkinson
andand
hemiplegichemiplegic
patientspatient
attendattend
2-32-3
morningmorning
sessionssession
aa
weekweek
..
Residentialresidential
groupsgroup
Kindergartenkindergarten
((
3-63-6
yearyear
oldsold
))
Childrenchild
fromfrom
Budapestbudapest
attendattend
Petöpetö
Kindergartenkindergarten
dailydaily
..
Othersother
fromfrom
thethe
restrest
ofof
Hungaryhungary
((
plusplus
somesome
internationalinternational
))
arebe
residentialresidential
..
Theythey
followfollow
thethe
nationalnational
kindergartenkindergarten
syllabussyllabus
whichwhich
isbe
::
mothermother
tonguetongue
,,
drawingdrawing
,,
mathematicsmathematics
,,
naturenature
,,
andand
in addition
inin
additionaddition
havehave
lyinglying
,,
sittingsit
,,
standingstanding
,,
walkingwalking
,,
andand
handshand
functionfunction
programmesprogramme
..
Sessionssession
lastlast
oneone
hourhour
andand
theythey
arebe
groupedgroup
withwith
similarsimilar
childrenchild
asas
farfar
asas
possiblepossible
..
Therethere
isbe
aa
separateseparate
groupgroup
forfor
spina bifida
Spinaspina
Bifidabifida
childrenchild
..
Childrenchild
maymay
repeatrepeat
thethe
lastlast
yearyear
ifif
theythey
arebe
notnot
readyready
toto
movemove
upup
..
bb
))
Schoolschool
((
6-116-11
yearsyear
))
Samesame
asas
aboveabove
,,
withwith
extendedextended
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
taskstask
,,
moremuch
Nationalnational
Curriculumcurriculum
topicstopic
,,
andand
longerlong
hourshour
..
cc
))
Secondarysecondary
Schoolschool
((
11-1611-16
yearsyear
))
Atat
anotheranother
buildingbuilding
inin
Pestpest
ââ
forfor
thosethose
childrenchild
whowho
nevernever
managemanage
toto
attainattain
thethe
standardsstandard
ofof
mainstreammainstream
schoolsschool
..
Internationalinternational
groupgroup
Childrenchild
comecome
fromfrom
allall
overover
thethe
worldworld
andand
arebe
observedobserve
andand
assessedassess
forfor
theirtheir
suitabilitysuitability
forfor
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
..
Duringduring
thethe
lastlast
weekweek
therethere
isbe
aa
consultationconsultation
withwith
parentsparent
andand
aa
verbalverbal
programmeprogramme
isbe
givengive
toto
workwork
onon
backback
homehome
..
Nothingnothing
isbe
writtenwrite
downdown
,,
unlessunless
byby
thethe
parentparent
,,
thethe
statedstated
reasonreason
beingbe
toto
allowallow
forfor
flexibilityflexibility
..
Thethe
childrenchild
cancan
returnreturn
everyevery
sixsix
monthsmonth
forfor
anotheranother
monthmonth
..
Familiesfamily
livelive
inin
Budapestbudapest
inin
flatsflat
..
Aa
committeecommittee
ofof
parentsparent
trytry
toto
helphelp
one another
oneone
anotheranother
findfind
accommodationaccommodation
,,
whichwhich
,,
of course
ofof
coursecourse
,,
theythey
havehave
toto
paypay
forfor
themselvesthemselves
..
Grandparentsgrandparent
werebe
observedobserve
supportingsupport
parentsparent
,,
thethe
otherother
parentparent
usuallyusually
remainingremain
atat
homehome
forfor
workwork
oror
familyfamily
reasonsreason
..
Thesethese
childrenchild
onon
thethe
wholewhole
hadhave
greatergreat
problemsproblem
andand
criedcry
moremore
thanthan
thethe
Hungarianhungarian
childrenchild
whowho
hadhave
beenbe
comingcome
earlierearlier
andand
forfor
longerlong
..
Somesome
foreignforeign
childrenchild
arebe
residentialresidential
onon
aa
permanentpermanent
basisbasis
..
Wewe
sawsee
aa
considerableconsiderable
numbernumber
ofof
Englishenglish
,,
Irishirish
andand
Israeliisraeli
childrenchild
..
Wewe
werebe
shownshow
aa
couplecouple
ofof
Englishenglish
childrenchild
inin
thethe
schoolschool
whowho
arebe
fluentfluent
nownow
inin
Hungarianhungarian
((
aa
veryvery
difficultdifficult
languagelanguage
!!
))
..
Onon
talkingtalk
toto
parentsparent
,,
wewe
werebe
toldtell
thatthat
hadhave
therethere
beenbe
aa
suitablesuitable
provisionprovision
inin
theirtheir
ownown
countrycountry
theythey
wouldwould
notnot
bebe
inin
Budapestbudapest
..
Provisionprovision
inin
thethe
UKuk
appearsappear
toto
bebe
veryvery
""
patchypatchy
""
..
Primaryprimary
schoolschool
programmeprogramme
Personalpersonal
observationsobservation
Wewe
watchedwatch
thethe
morningmorning
programmeprogramme
ofof
aa
groupgroup
ofof
1414
1st1st
Yearyear
primaryprimary
childrenchild
agedage
7-87-8
..
Thesethese
childrenchild
hadhave
completedcomplete
theirtheir
preparatorypreparatory
yearyear
andand
werebe
ofof
normalnormal
intelligenceintelligence
butbut
severesevere
physicalphysical
problemsproblem
prohibitedprohibit
themthem
fromfrom
enteringenter
regularregular
schoolschool
..
Therethere
werebe
fourfour
conductorsconductor
in charge of
inin
chargecharge
ofof
thisthis
groupgroup
withwith
aa
differentdifferent
conductorconductor
planningplanning
,,
organisingorganise
andand
leadinglead
eacheach
sessionsession
..
Therethere
werebe
severalseveral
studentsstudent
onon
handhand
toto
helphelp
withwith
movingmoving
ofof
thethe
furniturefurniture
etcetc
..
Thethe
childrenchild
livelive
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
duringduring
thethe
weekweek
,,
goinggo
homehome
atat
thethe
weekendweekend
wherewhere
possiblepossible
..
Wewe
werebe
surprisedsurprised
toto
findfind
thatthat
thethe
plinthsplinth
useduse
forfor
exerciseexercise
andand
asas
tablestable
duringduring
thethe
dayday
arebe
theirtheir
bedsbed
atat
nightnight
!!
Eacheach
dayday
startsstart
withwith
aa
programmeprogramme
ofof
groupgroup
exercisesexercise
carefullycarefully
plannedplan
toto
helphelp
thethe
childrenchild
toto
changechange
positionposition
,,
startingstart
fromfrom
lyinglie
oror
sittingsitting
followedfollow
byby
individualindividual
andand
groupgroup
standingstanding
andand
walkingwalking
practicepractice
..
Childrenchild
needingneed
extraextra
helphelp
havehave
aa
conductorconductor
eithereither
toto
themselvesthemselves
oror
sharedshare
betweenbetween
twotwo
..
Atat
firstfirst
sightsight
itit
maymay
appearappear
thatthat
allall
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childrenchild
arebe
doingdo
thethe
samesame
thingthing
butbut
withinwithin
eacheach
groupgroup
allowanceallowance
isbe
mademake
forfor
abilityability
andand
thethe
childrenchild
followfollow
theirtheir
ownown
carefullycarefully
plannedplan
programmeprogramme
atat
theirtheir
ownown
pacepace
ââ
thisthis
isbe
updatedupdate
regularlyregularly
..
in order
Inin
orderorder
toto
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andand
givegive
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aa
themetheme
isbe
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byby
thethe
conductorconductor
runningrun
thethe
sessionsession
..
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""
forfor
thethe
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wewe
watchedwatch
wasbe
aa
backclothbackcloth
ofof
aa
skiski
slopeslope
;;
thethe
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werebe
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intointo
22
teamsteam
andand
givengive
aa
skierskier
eacheach
toto
racerace
downdown
thethe
slopeslope
..
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goodgood
workwork
wasbe
rewardedreward
withwith
thethe
emphasisemphasis
beingbe
onon
teamteam
rather than
ratherrather
thanthan
individualindividual
successsuccess
..
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seensee
inin
otherother
classesclass
hadhave
beenbe
eveneven
moremuch
complicatedcomplicated
andand
hadhave
obviouslyobviously
involvedinvolve
ana
enormousenormous
amountamount
ofof
workwork
..
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werebe
endlesslyendlessly
impressedimpressed
byby
thethe
amountamount
ofof
efforteffort
andand
planningplanning
whichwhich
hadhave
gonego
intointo
makingmake
thethe
wholewhole
programmeprogramme
runrun
smoothlysmoothly
andand
efficientlyefficiently
..
Thethe
childrenchild
werebe
wonderfullywonderfully
responsiveresponsive
,,
withwith
aa
greatgreat
sensesense
ofof
humourhumour
andand
theythey
derivedderive
enormousenormous
excitementexcitement
fromfrom
thethe
gamesgame
andand
competitionscompetition
..
Aa
relativelyrelatively
shortshort
timetime
ofof
thethe
dayday
isbe
spentspend
inin
educationaleducational
classesclass
ââ
thethe
childrenchild
arebe
divideddivide
intointo
twotwo
groupsgroup
forfor
thesethese
according to
accordingaccording
toto
ageage
oror
abilityability
..
Thethe
lessonslesson
wewe
observedobserve
werebe
readingread
andand
writingwriting
andand
Mathsmaths
..
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childrenchild
satsit
onon
ordinaryordinary
chairschair
atat
normalnormal
tablestable
andand
therethere
werebe
nono
grabgrab
barsbar
oror
strapsstrap
despitedespite
thethe
factfact
thatthat
oneone
childchild
hadhave
greatgreat
difficultydifficulty
inin
controllingcontrol
hishis
limbslimb
..
Mostmost
ofof
thethe
childrenchild
hadhave
ordinaryordinary
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andand
pencilspencil
ââ
allall
hadhave
toto
standstand
upup
toto
answeranswer
questionsquestion
andand
walkwalk
toto
thethe
frontfront
ofof
thethe
classclass
wherewhere
possiblepossible
..
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isbe
formalformal
butbut
thethe
childrenchild
seemedseem
interestedinterested
andand
responsiveresponsive
andand
managedmanage
somesome
surprisinglysurprisingly
goodgood
writingwriting
despitedespite
immenseimmense
disabilitiesdisability
..
Greatgreat
emphasisemphasis
isbe
putput
onon
writingwriting
andand
drawingdrawing
skillsskill
andand
typewriterstypewriter
arebe
notnot
seensee
asas
aa
substitutesubstitute
forfor
writingwriting
..
Computerscomputer
arebe
notnot
useduse
inin
thethe
primaryprimary
schoolschool
althoughalthough
somesome
childrenchild
maymay
havehave
themthem
atat
homehome
..
Thethe
wholewhole
morningmorning
wasbe
veryvery
structuredstructured
andand
wewe
werebe
amazedamazed
byby
howhow
muchmuch
wasbe
fittedfit
intointo
thethe
programmeprogramme
..
Therethere
wasbe
,,
howeverhowever
,,
littlelittle
timetime
forfor
freefree
playplay
oror
choicechoice
ofof
activityactivity
andand
nono
chancechance
forfor
thethe
childrenchild
toto
messmess
aboutabout
withwith
paintpaint
,,
sandsand
,,
waterwater
etcetc
..
Artart
isbe
seensee
asas
ana
exerciseexercise
inin
finefine
motormotor
skillsskill
oror
appreciationappreciation
ofof
naturenature
andand
notnot
asas
aa
creativecreative
activityactivity
..
Suchsuch
aa
structuredstructured
formform
ofof
teachingteaching
wouldwould
notnot
fitfit
easilyeasily
intointo
ourour
moremuch
liberalliberal
systemsystem
ofof
educationeducation
..
Withwith
thethe
afternoonafternoon
programmeprogramme
beingbe
muchmuch
aa
repeatrepeat
ofof
thethe
morning'smorning
activitiesactivity
wewe
werebe
amazedamazed
thatthat
bothboth
childrenchild
andand
adultsadult
couldcould
retainretain
theirtheir
enthusiasmenthusiasm
..
Howeverhowever
,,
despitedespite
thethe
formalityformality
andand
repetitiverepetitive
naturenature
ofof
thethe
dailydaily
programmeprogramme
thethe
atmosphereatmosphere
wasbe
relaxedrelaxed
andand
wewe
havehave
broughtbring
homehome
ana
overwhelmingoverwhelming
impressionimpression
ofof
childrenchild
andand
adultsadult
workingwork
togethertogether
withwith
greatgreat
couragecourage
,,
motivationmotivation
andand
aa
sensesense
ofof
humourhumour
..
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encouragementencouragement
isbe
givengive
andand
thethe
childrenchild
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
dodo
theirtheir
bestgood
,,
butbut
wewe
diddo
notnot
hearhear
aa
raisedraised
voicevoice
oror
seesee
anyany
needneed
forfor
disciplinediscipline
..
Emphasisemphasis
isbe
putput
onon
thethe
developmentdevelopment
ofof
thethe
personalitypersonality
andand
thisthis
showsshow
inin
thethe
carecare
andand
affectionaffection
thethe
childrenchild
showshow
toto
each other
eacheach
otherother
..
Implicationsimplication
forfor
childrenchild
atat
Mabelmabel
Prichardprichard
Schoolschool
Manymany
ofof
thethe
childrenchild
withwith
whomwhom
wewe
workwork
atat
schoolschool
wouldwould
notnot
bebe
acceptedaccept
atat
thethe
Petöpetö
Instituteinstitute
forfor
reasonsreason
explainedexplain
elsewhereelsewhere
inin
thethe
reportreport
..
Howeverhowever
,,
afterafter
muchmuch
thoughtthought
andand
discussiondiscussion
wewe
stillstill
feelfeel
thatthat
manymany
aspectsaspect
ofof
thethe
teachingteaching
programmesprogramme
inin
Hungaryhungary
arebe
veryvery
beneficialbeneficial
forfor
childrenchild
withwith
profoundprofound
andand
multiplemultiple
learninglearning
difficultiesdifficulty
..
Itit
wasbe
interestinginteresting
,,
moreovermoreover
,,
toto
seesee
thatthat
Conductiveconductive
Educationeducation
groupsgroup
atat
thethe
Instituteinstitute
werebe
notnot
limitedlimit
toto
childrenchild
withwith
severesevere
motormotor
problemsproblem
..
Wewe
havehave
comecome
backback
believingbelieve
thatthat
otherother
childrenchild
inin
ourour
schoolschool
couldcould
benefitbenefit
fromfrom
similarsimilar
groupgroup
physicalphysical
programmesprogramme
..
Asas
teachersteacher
wewe
feelfeel
capablecapable
ofof
planningplanning
andand
organisingorganise
suchsuch
groupgroup
programmesprogramme
,,
butbut
realiserealise
thatthat
regularregular
inputinput
fromfrom
otherother
professionalsprofessional
such as
suchsuch
asas
physiotherapistsphysiotherapist
,,
occupationaloccupational
therapiststherapist
andand
speechspeech
therapiststherapist
isbe
essentialessential
..
Workingwork
asas
aa
teamteam
wewe
willwill
havehave
thethe
skillsskill
toto
drawdraw
upup
relevantrelevant
programmesprogramme
forfor
individualindividual
childrenchild
andand
thethe
abilityability
toto
keepkeep
thesethese
programmesprogramme
regularlyregularly
updatedupdate
..
Aa
bathroombathroom
areaarea
Takingtake
thethe
""
optimisticoptimistic
""
approachapproach
Aa
typicaltypical
classroomclassroom
withwith
wallbarswallbar
andand
specialspecial
furniturefurniture
Thethe
followingfollowing
photosphoto
showshow
aa
groupgroup
ofof
spina bifida
Spinaspina
Bifidabifida
childrenchild
whowho
showedshow
greatgreat
determinationdetermination
andand
humourhumour
despitedespite
enormousenormous
physicalphysical
disabilitiesdisability
..
Severalseveral
childrenchild
inin
thisthis
groupgroup
neededneed
aa
fullfull
bracebrace
in order
inin
orderorder
toto
bebe
ableable
toto
standstand
..
spina bifida
Spinaspina
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childrenchild
werebe
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getget
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andand
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fromfrom
thisthis
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..
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andand
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practicepractice
Toilettoilet
programmeprogramme
forfor
spina bifida
Spinaspina
Bifidabifida
childrenchild
ââ
muchmuch
singingsing
andand
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andand
childrenchild
encouragedencourage
toto
checkcheck
resultsresult
frequentlyfrequently
..
Conductorsconductor
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inin
teamsteam
withwith
oneone
conductorconductor
responsibleresponsible
forfor
leadinglead
eacheach
sessionsession
..
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conductorsconductor
helphelp
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furniturefurniture
andand
prepareprepare
thethe
roomroom
forfor
classclass
activitiesactivity
..
Kindergartenkindergarten
childrenchild
bathingbathe
theirtheir
dollsdoll
Therethere
isbe
littlelittle
timetime
forfor
freefree
playplay
ââ
mostmost
toystoy
arebe
useduse
inin
structuredstructured
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..
""
Handshand
""
groupgroup
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spina bifida
Spinaspina
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childrenchild
Thisthis
littlelittle
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isbe
Englishenglish
,,
andand
thethe
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hishis
backback
toto
thethe
cameracamera
isbe
fromfrom
Israelisrael
..
Learninglearning
toto
changechange
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lyinglie
Changingchanging
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andand
standingstanding
Standingstanding
practicepractice
Walkingwalking
practicepractice
Topictopic
workwork
helpshelp
toto
motivatemotivate
andand
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thethe
childrenchild
toto
workwork
hardhard
..
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upup
forfor
aa
walkwalk
inin
thethe
forestforest
toto
findfind
eggsegg
Takingtake
thethe
eggsegg
homehome
toto
makemake
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Readingreading
andand
writingwriting
lessonlesson
ââ
formalformal
butbut
muchmuch
enjoyedenjoy
byby
thethe
childrenchild
..
Childrenchild
havehave
toto
managemanage
withwith
normalnormal
un-adaptedun-adapted
furniturefurniture
..
Thethe
olderold
""
Motormotor
Impairedimpaired
""
groupgroup
atat
Mabelmabel
Prichardprichard
Schoolschool
..
Anotheranother
attemptattempt
atat
somesome
ofof
thethe
captionscaption
::
Childrenchild
havehave
toto
managemanage
withwith
normalnormal
un-adaptedun-adapted
furniturefurniture
..
Readingreading
andand
writingwriting
lessonlesson
ââ
formalformal
butbut
muchmuch
enjoyedenjoy
byby
thethe
childrenchild
..
Learninglearning
toto
changechange
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""
Handshand
""
groupgroup
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spina bifida
Spinaspina
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Learninglearning
toto
fixfix
withwith
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whilewhile
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thethe
otherother
Thethe
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beganbegin
withwith
coldcold
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fogsfog
,,
andand
althoughalthough
somesome
industryindustry
hadhave
comecome
toto
aa
standstillstandstill
because of
becausebecause
ofof
workersworker
calledcall
toto
thethe
colourscolour
,,
andand
factoriesfactory
bombedbomb
byby
thethe
enemyenemy
,,
wewe
stillstill
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notnot
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thethe
Cleanclean
Airair
Actact
,,
andand
therethere
wasbe
stillstill
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aa
lotlot
ofof
smokesmoke
fromfrom
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firesfire
,,
andand
fromfrom
thethe
slackslack
coalcoal
burntburn
byby
factoriesfactory
makingmake
munitionsmunition
..
Hehe
hadhave
beenbe
eighteight
daysday
atat
thethe
wheelwheel
ofof
thethe
destroyerdestroyer
,,
andand
hadhave
broughtbring
herher
backback
fromfrom
Greenlandgreenland
byby
""
Boxingboxing
thethe
compasscompass
""
andand
hishis
fatherfather
,,
HMShms
Reading'sreading
seniorsenior
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,,
nownow
moremore
thanthan
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,,
hadhave
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ofof
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byby
thethe
rigoursrigour
ofof
thethe
journeyjourney
fromfrom
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toto
Americaamerica
,,
andand
hadhave
hadhave
toto
handhand
overover
toto
Arthurarthur
whenwhen
aboutabout
twotwo
daysday
out of
outout
ofof
Stst
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headingheading
forfor
Icelandiceland
..
Althoughalthough
mymy
householdhousehold
andand
ARParp
dutiesduty
diddo
notnot
allowallow
ofof
aa
visitvisit
toto
thethe
Westernwestern
hospitalhospital
somesome
folkfolk
camecome
toto
seesee
usus
atat
thethe
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,,
andand
laughlaugh
atat
thethe
factfact
thatthat
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Stewardsteward
ofof
thethe
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hadhave
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sendsend
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well-trainedwell-trained
clerksclerk
toto
Egyptegypt
toto
helphelp
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thethe
numbernumber
ofof
prisonersprisoner
andand
trytry
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getget
thethe
provisionprovision
forfor
themthem
inin
somesome
sortsort
ofof
orderorder
..
Inin
19811981
aa
reportreport
toto
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Parliamentparliament
byby
P.p.
dede
Keersmaekerkeersmaeker
ofof
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Commissioncommission
expressedexpress
wholeheartedwholehearted
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forfor
thethe
principleprinciple
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aa
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,,
andand
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reportsreport
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withwith
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ofof
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Conferenceconference
ofof
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Authoritiesauthority
camecome
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aa
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bothboth
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thethe
fixedfixed
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andand
otherother
gapsgap
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networknetwork
ofof
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..
Inin
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itit
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expectedexpect
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actualactual
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ofof
thethe
tunneltunnel
andand
figuresfigure
forfor
thethe
periodperiod
up to
upup
toto
Marchmarch
19891989
showshow
thatthat
thethe
Southsouth
Easteast
,,
includinginclude
Kentkent
,,
hadhave
gainedgain
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%%
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,,
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aa
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,,
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highhigh
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99
%%
..
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thethe
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Impactimpact
Studystudy
estimatedestimate
thatthat
,,
onon
thethe
basisbasis
ofof
firms'firm
plansplan
inin
latelate
19861986
thethe
Channelchannel
Tunneltunnel
wouldwould
produceproduce
lossesloss
ofof
4,5004,500
andand
6,5006,500
jobsjob
inin
thethe
ferryferry
industryindustry
toto
bebe
offsetoffset
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ofof
3,2003,200
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ofof
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atat
Cheritoncheriton
andand
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,,
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ofof
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3,7003,700
werebe
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firmsfirm
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Kentkent
fromfrom
otherother
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..
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thethe
Towntown
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Countrycountry
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,,
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forfor
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Protectionprotection
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,,
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,,
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Developmentdevelopment
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havehave
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forfor
aa
comprehensivecomprehensive
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andand
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forfor
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,,
arguingargue
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isbe
essentialessential
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thethe
adverseadverse
effectseffect
ofof
thethe
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andand
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maximisemaximise
itsits
benefitsbenefit
..
NOERCnoerc
isbe
callingcall
forfor
furtherfar
electrificationelectrification
schemesscheme
,,
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adoptionadoption
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,,
aa
moremuch
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throughthrough
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useuse
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grantsgrant
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Sectionsection
88
ofof
thethe
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Actact
19741974
,,
andand
ana
earlyearly
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onon
thethe
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ofof
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customscustom
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Britishbritish
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Willesdenwillesden
..
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atat
thethe
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thethe
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onon
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regionsregion
,,
andand
aa
conferenceconference
wasbe
heldhold
inin
thethe
earlyearly
Summersummer
ofof
19891989
toto
launchlaunch
aa
Channelchannel
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initiativeinitiative
withwith
thethe
aimaim
ofof
ensuringensure
thatthat
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..
Itit
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,,
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..
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Locallocal
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Britishbritish
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((
Paddingtonpaddington
))
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;;
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((
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))
andand
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,,
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((
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))
..
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,,
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!!
PRICESprice
::
Allall
pricesprice
quotedquote
arebe
perper
nightnight
duringduring
19921992
,,
unlessunless
otherwiseotherwise
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..
Thethe
pricesprice
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arebe
aa
guideguide
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basedbase
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thethe
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aa
doubledouble
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twintwin
beddedbedded
roomroom
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breakfastbreakfast
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((
aa
singlesingle
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shouldshould
expectexpect
toto
paypay
moremuch
))
..
Wewe
recommendrecommend
thatthat
youyou
checkcheck
pricesprice
withwith
thethe
establishmentestablishment
beforebefore
bookingbook
..
CANCELLATIONcancellation
::
Whenwhen
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bookbook
youryour
accommodationaccommodation
,,
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willwill
bebe
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aa
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cheaplycheaply
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..
COMPLAINTScomplaint
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Wewe
naturallynaturally
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..
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aboutabout
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ACCOMMODATIONaccommodation
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Listedlisted
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Englishenglish
Touristtourist
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Touristtourist
Informationinformation
Centrescentre
..
DESCRIPTIONSdescription
::
Thisthis
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publishedpublish
byby
Somersetsomerset
Tourismtourism
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aa
serviceservice
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byby
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Allall
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Tourismtourism
asas
publisherspublisher
..
Althoughalthough
thethe
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thisthis
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beenbe
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,,
Somersetsomerset
Tourismtourism
cancan
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Districtdistrict
listslist
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parkingparking
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Mineheadminehead
towntown
centrecentre
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suitablesuitable
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wheelchairswheelchair
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((
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))
;;
Watchetwatchet
((
Swainswain
Stst
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Willitonwilliton
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Westwest
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..
Weston-s-Mareweston-s-mare
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Watsonswatsons
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;;
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Viewview
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;;
Cheddarcheddar
((
Cliffcliff
Stst
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))
;;
Highbridgehighbridge
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Bankbank
Stst
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))
;;
Nethernether
Stoweystowey
((
Castlecastle
Stst
))
;;
Northnorth
Pethertonpetherton
((
Highhigh
Stst
))
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Touristtourist
Informationinformation
Centrescentre
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Freefree
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Reservedreserved
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))
..
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Freefree
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currentcurrent
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Touristtourist
Informationinformation
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Districtdistrict
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SOMERSETsomerset
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andand
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))
;;
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;;
Chardchard
..
SPECIALspecial
OPPORTUNITIESopportunity
Thethe
followingfollowing
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arebe
whollywholly
oror
partiallypartially
suitablesuitable
forfor
disableddisabled
visitorsvisitor
..
Pagepage
numbersnumber
referrefer
toto
thisthis
brochurebrochure
..
PLEASEplease
NOTEnote
ââ
Thethe
informationinformation
onon
thisthis
pagepage
hashave
beenbe
suppliedsupply
byby
Districtdistrict
Councilscouncil
andand
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establishmentsestablishment
andand
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verifiedverify
byby
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Tourismtourism
..
Pleaseplease
checkcheck
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establishmentsestablishment
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suitabilitysuitability
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..
DOdo
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Thesethese
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aa
fewfew
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Trytry
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COURSEScourse
..
Sportssport
,,
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,,
activitiesactivity
â¦â¦
Residentialresidential
centrescentre
andand
holidayholiday
packagespackage
forfor
just about
justjust
aboutabout
anyany
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..
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..
Cyclecycle
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ofof
routesroute
..
FISHINGfishing
..
Riverriver
andand
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Levelslevel
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..
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..
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Moremore
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..
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rockyrocky
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..
Attractiveattractive
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Mineheadminehead
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,,
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..
SPORTsport
FORfor
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..
Spectatorspectator
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..
WALKINGwalking
..
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,,
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,,
naturenature
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,,
guidedguided
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Informationinformation
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Checkcheck
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Somersetsomerset
Informationinformation
Centrecentre
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andand
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..
pagespage
66
andand
77
omittedomit
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WESTwest
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FROMfrom
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wealthwealth
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..
MINEHEADminehead
Thethe
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characterfulcharacterful
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..
Protectedprotect
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Hillhill
,,
itsits
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..
Forfor
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aa
seaportseaport
ââ
todaytoday
thethe
harbourharbour
isbe
stillstill
aa
havenhaven
forfor
yachtsmenyachtsman
,,
fishingfishing
boatsboat
andand
pleasurepleasure
cruiserscruiser
..
Thatchedthatched
cottagescottage
clustercluster
roundround
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harbourharbour
whilewhile
atat
thethe
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endend
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Somerwestsomerwest
Worldworld
offersoffer
aa
completecomplete
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..
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tree-linedtree-lined
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shoppingshopping
centrecentre
andand
thethe
district'sdistrict
mainmain
touristtourist
informationinformation
centrecentre
..
Aquasplashaquasplash
isbe
Minehead'sminehead
newnew
indoorindoor
leisureleisure
poolpool
openingopening
inin
Maymay
19921992
withwith
allall
weatherweather
funfun
forfor
everyoneeveryone
..
EXMOORexmoor
NATIONALnational
PARKpark
Thethe
variedvaried
sceneryscenery
ofof
Exmoorexmoor
isbe
wellwell
worthworth
exploringexplore
..
Itsits
statusstatus
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aa
Nationalnational
Parkpark
meansmean
thatthat
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andand
wildlifewildlife
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bebe
protectedprotect
forfor
generationsgeneration
toto
comecome
..
Thisthis
isbe
idealideal
countrycountry
forfor
walkingwalking
,,
birdbird
watchingwatch
,,
horsehorse
ridingriding
andand
fishingfishing
,,
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cancan
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patientpatient
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..
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unrivalledunrivalled
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ââ
itsits
dramaticdramatic
sceneryscenery
,,
quietquiet
villagevillage
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andand
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havehave
beenbe
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forfor
centuriescentury
..
Oneone
ofof
thethe
mostmuch
photographedphotograph
isbe
mediaevalmediaeval
Dunsterdunster
withwith
itsits
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marketmarket
,,
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millmill
..
Porlockporlock
isbe
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onlyonly
famousfamous
forfor
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steepsteep
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butbut
isbe
alsoalso
aa
superbsuperb
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Exmoorexmoor
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Doonedoone
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Selworthyselworthy
Farmfarm
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andand
isbe
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goodgood
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..
Steamsteam
trainstrain
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thethe
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Westwest
Somersetsomerset
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runsrun
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Bishopsbishops
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Tauntontaunton
..
Atat
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ofof
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centurycentury
Cleevecleeve
Abbeyabbey
,,
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andand
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museummuseum
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railwayrailway
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..
Thethe
harbourharbour
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historyhistory
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aa
thousandthousand
yearsyear
andand
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..
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Worldworld
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newnew
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opensopen
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toto
Stogumberstogumber
Stationstation
inin
19921992
..
BETWEENbetween
THEthe
QUANTOCKSquantocks
ANDand
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BRENDONSbrendons
Thethe
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Quantocksquantocks
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Hillshills
isbe
wellwell
worthworth
exploringexplore
..
Willitonwilliton
isbe
thethe
mainmain
centrecentre
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plentyplenty
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villagesvillage
toto
exploreexplore
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Stogumberstogumber
,,
Crowcombecrowcombe
andand
Bicknollerbicknoller
..
Combecombe
Sydenhamsydenham
countrycountry
parkpark
hashave
beautifulbeautiful
walkswalk
andand
tastytasty
trouttrout
forfor
salesale
whilstwhilst
Stogurseystogursey
boastsboast
aa
moatedmoated
ruinedruined
castlecastle
andand
Normannorman
churchchurch
..
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Somersetsomerset
Railwayrailway
Somerset'ssomerset
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Tarrtarr
Stepsstep
Hurlestonehurlestone
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HOUSEhouse
HOTELhotel
Perfectlyperfectly
positionedposition
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,,
thethe
hotelhotel
isbe
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..
Thethe
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encouragedencourage
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Courtneycourtney
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Househouse
hishis
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..
Thethe
hotelhotel
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theirtheir
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Self-Cateringself-catering
DULHORNdulhorn
FARMfarm
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Levelslevel
..
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andand
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providingprovide
everyevery
comfortcomfort
forfor
thethe
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countrylovercountry-lover
ââ
withwith
loglog
firesfire
,,
cosycosy
bedroomsbedroom
,,
superbsuperb
home-cookinghome-cooking
specialisingspecialise
inin
freshfresh
vegetablesvegetable
andand
wholefoodswholefood
complementedcomplement
byby
aa
well-stockedwell-stocked
licensedlicensed
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..
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epitomiseepitomise
thethe
festivefestive
seasonseason
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inin
winterwinter
ourour
gardensgarden
cancan
bebe
extremelyextremely
beautifulbeautiful
placesplace
..
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aa
specialspecial
featurefeature
,,
Grahamgraham
alsoalso
flicksflick
throughthrough
thethe
seedseed
cataloguecatalogue
fromfrom
Victorianvictorian
timestime
rightright
throughthrough
toto
thethe
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dayday
andand
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upup
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somesome
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interestinginteresting
resultsresult
..
Profitsprofit
fromfrom
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willwill
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thethe
Stowestowe
Landscapelandscape
Gardensgarden
appealappeal
..
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fromfrom
thethe
USAusa
,,
thethe
Expoexpo
makesmake
itsits
UKuk
debutdebut
inin
Scotlandscotland
fromfrom
5-75-7
Marchmarch
19931993
,,
whichwhich
alsoalso
happenshappen
toto
bebe
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Yearyear
ofof
Olderold
Peoplepeople
..
Hothot
summersummer
daysday
taketake
theirtheir
tolltoll
onon
mostmost
gardensgarden
,,
butbut
Noelnoel
Kingsburykingsbury
discoversdiscover
howhow
Jennyjenny
andand
Michaelmichael
Aldousaldous
havehave
successfullysuccessfully
createdcreate
aa
gardengarden
ofof
vibrantvibrant
colourcolour
inin
thethe
Cotswoldscotswolds
Delphiniumsdelphinium
,,
shastashasta
daisiesdaisy
andand
clematisclematis
arebe
cottagecottage
gardengarden
favouritesfavourite
Conifersconifer
andand
heatherheather
bedsbed
22
..
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withwith
strategicallystrategically
placedplace
potspot
33
..
Wildwild
gardengarden
withwith
appleapple
treestree
andand
springspring
flowersflower
55
..
Thethe
lessless
commoncommon
Elaeagnuselaeagnus
xx
ebbingeiebbingei
""
Giltgilt
Edgeedge
""
Useuse
sparinglysparingly
andand
avoidavoid
plantingplant
severalseveral
varietiesvariety
sideside
byby
sideside
..
Watchwatch
forfor
reversionreversion
,,
removingremove
anyany
all-greenall-green
growthsgrowth
immediatelyimmediately
..
Plantplant
soft-leavedsoft-leaved
speciesspecie
,,
susceptiblesusceptible
toto
sun-scorchsun-scorch
,,
inin
dappleddappled
shadeshade
..
Avoidavoid
varietiesvariety
whosewhose
foliagefoliage
isbe
misshapenmisshapen
..
Examplesexample
includeinclude
variegatedvariegated
formsform
ofof
Geraniumgeranium
macrorrhizummacrorrhizum
andand
Prunusprunus
lusitanicalusitanica
..
Thethe
foliagefoliage
ofof
Cornuscornus
floridaflorida
""
Rainbowrainbow
""
turnsturn
ruby-redruby-red
inin
autumnautumn
Thethe
handsomehandsome
Symphytumsymphytum
""
Goldsmithgoldsmith
""
andand
trailingtrail
lobelialobelia
Carefulcareful
planningplanning
isbe
crucialcrucial
tootoo
..
Itit
isbe
possiblepossible
toto
useuse
softersoft
colourscolour
inin
ana
arrangementarrangement
butbut
onlyonly
ifif
separatedseparate
fromfrom
thethe
variegatedvariegated
foliagefoliage
byby
aa
strongerstrong
colourcolour
,,
otherwiseotherwise
thethe
effecteffect
cancan
bebe
weakweak
..
Thenthen
therethere
arebe
thethe
hostashosta
..
Broad-leavedbroad-leaved
variegatedvariegated
herbaceousherbaceous
plantsplant
arebe
moremuch
variablevariable
inin
theirtheir
desirabilitydesirability
..
Cornuscornus
alternifoliaalternifolia
""
Variegatavariegata
""
ââ
brightbright
foliagefoliage
..
""
Ohoh
wellwell
,,
thatthat
'sbe
easyeasy
..
""
Lifelife
justjust
isbe
n'tnot
thatthat
simplesimple
..
Itit
isbe
nownow
calledcall
""
Silversilver
Milkmaidmilkmaid
""
..
Itit
isbe
alsoalso
femalefemale
,,
butbut
doesdo
notnot
produceproduce
manymany
berriesberry
..
""
Feroxferox
Aureaaurea
""
hashave
gold-centredgold-centred
leavesleaf
..
Bothboth
pulmonariapulmonaria
andand
daffodildaffodil
flowersflower
arebe
overover
..
Inin
recentrecent
yearsyear
thingsthing
havehave
definitelydefinitely
improvedimprove
..
Aa
heavyheavy
croppercropper
whichwhich
ripensripen
earlyearly
..
""
Helleborushelleborus
nigerniger
willwill
flowerflower
forfor
monthsmonth
Newnew
MILLENNIUMmillennium
summersummer
holidaysholiday
19921992
INin
THEthe
NEWnew
EUROPEeurope
Thethe
holidayholiday
resortsresort
inin
ourour
programmeprogramme
havehave
aa
widewide
appealappeal
..
Mostmost
ofof
ourour
passengerspassenger
travellingtravel
byby
carcar
lastlast
summersummer
useduse
Relyonrelyon
Carcar
Parkingparking
servicesservice
whichwhich
offeroffer
reasonablereasonable
pricesprice
((
££
33
perper
dayday
inin
19911991
))
,,
telephonetelephone
numbernumber
..
Shopsshop
aboundabound
((
leatherleather
goodsgoods
arebe
excellentexcellent
valuevalue
))
,,
along with
alongalong
withwith
tennistennis
courtscourt
,,
swimmingswimming
poolspool
,,
museumsmuseum
,,
manymany
restaurantsrestaurant
,,
barsbar
,,
coffeecoffee
barsbar
andand
nightclubsnightclub
..
Thethe
afternoonafternoon
willwill
bebe
freefree
inin
Berlinberlin
andand
departuredeparture
willwill
bebe
inin
thethe
eveningevening
forfor
thethe
nightnight
journeyjourney
onon
thethe
motorwaymotorway
toto
Ostendostend
andand
thethe
ferryferry
backback
toto
Doverdover
..
Ourour
reservationsreservation
staffstaff
willwill
adviseadvise
onon
whenwhen
thisthis
optionoption
isbe
availableavailable
..
Therethere
arebe
tennistennis
courtscourt
andand
ana
openopen
airair
swimmingswimming
poolpool
nearbynearby
..
Supplementssupplement
perper
personperson
perper
weekweek
::
Singlesingle
roomroom
££
2020
..
Oneone
extraextra
weekweek
ââ
basicbasic
roomroom
££
100100
..
Thethe
Highhigh
Streetstreet
isbe
longlong
andand
traffictraffic
freefree
,,
manymany
ofof
thethe
shopsshop
arebe
inin
picturesquepicturesque
woodenwooden
buildingsbuilding
whichwhich
lineline
thethe
streetstreet
,,
makingmake
thethe
wholewhole
scenescene
reallyreally
attractiveattractive
..
Therethere
arebe
visitorsvisitor
fromfrom
otherother
easterneastern
Europeaneuropean
countriescountry
tootoo
..
Aa
raftingrafting
triptrip
downdown
thethe
Dunajecdunajec
riverriver
..
Anan
eveningevening
ofof
locallocal
musicmusic
andand
dancedance
..
Thesethese
pleasingpleasing
establishmentsestablishment
offeroffer
comfortablecomfortable
accommodationaccommodation
withwith
friendlyfriendly
serviceservice
..
Halfhalf
boardboard
isbe
providedprovide
eithereither
inin
househouse
oror
nearbynearby
..
Thisthis
willwill
presentpresent
nono
difficultiesdifficulty
duringduring
youryour
holidayholiday
..
Onon
selectedselected
datesdate
wewe
willwill
leaveleave
Zakopanezakopane
oneone
dayday
earlierearlier
..
Thethe
followingfollowing
dayday
,,
wewe
traveltravel
toto
Berlinberlin
..
Departuresdeparture
fromfrom
thethe
UKuk
arebe
earlyearly
morningmorning
onon
Fridaysfriday
..
Hevizheviz
alsoalso
hashave
aa
permanentpermanent
openopen
marketmarket
forfor
inexpensiveinexpensive
shoppingshopping
..
Otherother
drinksdrink
arebe
similarlysimilarly
goodgood
valuevalue
..
Arrivalarrival
backback
atat
Doverdover
isbe
inin
thethe
latelate
afternoonafternoon
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
..
1010
daysday
toto
Hungaryhungary
andand
Viennavienna
Thethe
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lakelake
atat
Hevizheviz
..
Allall
thisthis
cancan
bebe
enjoyedenjoy
inin
aa
warmwarm
andand
sunnysunny
climateclimate
..
Roznovroznov
,,
Moraviamoravia
,,
Southernsouthern
Czechoslovakiaczechoslovakia
Allall
hotelshotel
privateprivate
B/S/WCb/s/wc
££
2525
..
Halfhalf
boardboard
inin
Pragueprague
availableavailable
onon
requestrequest
..
Newnew
MILLENNIUMmillennium
HOLIDAYSholiday
ANDand
TRAVELtravel
LTDltd
THEthe
TIMEStime
EDUCATIONALeducational
SUPPLEMENTsupplement
2929
Septemberseptember
19891989
""
Anan
allall
timetime
bargainbargain
holidayholiday
""
..
Wewe
werebe
impressedimpressed
withwith
thethe
triptrip
..
MYTHSmyth
ANDand
LEGENDSlegend
THEthe
GREATgreat
UNIVERSITYuniversity
OFof
STAMFORDstamford
Thethe
Ancientancient
Universityuniversity
Mythmyth
INin
863863
BCbc
,,
Kingking
Bladudbladud
,,
thethe
Trojantrojan
kingking
ofof
ancientancient
Albionalbion
((
oror
Britainbritain
))
andand
thethe
fatherfather
ofof
Kingking
Learlear
,,
foundedfound
thethe
firstfirst
universityuniversity
inin
thethe
worldworld
atat
Stamfordstamford
..
Thethe
eventevent
wasbe
firstfirst
recordedrecord
byby
thethe
venerablevenerable
sixth-centurysixth-century
wizardwizard
,,
Merlinmerlin
ofof
Caledoniacaledonia
,,
thethe
""
Britishbritish
Apolloapollo
""
,,
andand
wasbe
elaboratedelaborate
byby
laterlate
writerswriter
..
Afterafter
attendingattend
thethe
famousfamous
schoolsschool
inin
Athensathens
,,
Bladudbladud
,,
whowho
wasbe
aa
descendantdescendant
ofof
Aeneasaeneas
ofof
thethe
Trojantrojan
Warswar
ââ
returnedreturn
toto
Albionalbion
withwith
manymany
wisewise
andand
learnedlearned
teachersteacher
toto
establishestablish
aa
placeplace
ofof
learninglearning
..
Onon
thethe
banksbank
ofof
thethe
Wellandwelland
theythey
foundfind
thethe
sylvansylvan
settingsetting
appropriateappropriate
forfor
suchsuch
ana
illustriousillustrious
academicacademic
institutioninstitution
..
Thethe
ghostghost
ofof
Bladudbladud
tellstell
usus
::
Bladudbladud
isbe
usuallyusually
associatedassociate
withwith
thethe
buildingbuild
ofof
Bathbath
andand
itsits
spaspa
bathsbath
dedicateddedicate
toto
Minervaminerva
,,
butbut
moremuch
importantlyimportantly
Athenianathenian
stylestyle
templestemple
andand
hallshall
werebe
builtbuild
byby
thethe
Wellandwelland
,,
probablyprobably
withwith
longlong
colonnadescolonnade
ofof
beautifulbeautiful
flutedfluted
Doricdoric
columnscolumn
carvedcarve
byby
Greekgreek
masonsmason
inin
thethe
locallocal
limestonelimestone
..
according to
Accordingaccording
toto
Geoffreygeoffrey
ofof
Monmouthmonmouth
,,
Bladudbladud
dieddie
likelike
Icarusicarus
,,
whenwhen
hehe
fellfall
intointo
thethe
Templetemple
ofof
Apolloapollo
atat
Trinovantumtrinovantum
((
Bladud'sbladud
pre-Romanpre-roman
Londonlondon
))
whilstwhilst
tryingtry
toto
flyfly
..
Thisthis
eventevent
wasbe
mirroredmirror
inin
Stamfordstamford
inin
7070
B.C.b.c.
whenwhen
Simonsimon
,,
ana
Athenianathenian
whowho
establishedestablish
aa
schoolschool
inin
thethe
towntown
,,
wasbe
drowneddrown
inin
thethe
Wellandwelland
whilstwhilst
attemptingattempt
humanhuman
flightflight
..
Thethe
universityuniversity
wasbe
laterlate
occupiedoccupy
byby
thethe
Druidsdruid
,,
thethe
priest-magicianspriest magician
ofof
thethe
Celticceltic
racerace
..
Samuelsamuel
Sharpsharp
inin
hishis
Historyhistory
ofof
Stamfordstamford
ofof
18471847
sayssay
::
""
Itit
isbe
mostmuch
likelylikely
â¦â¦
thatthat
certaincertain
localitieslocality
â¦â¦
werebe
setset
apartapart
byby
thethe
Druidsdruid
forfor
thethe
assemblageassemblage
ofof
theirtheir
pupilspupil
andand
disciplesdisciple
::
andand
whywhy
maymay
notnot
Stamfordstamford
bebe
oneone
ofof
thesethese
??
""
Hehe
addsadd
thatthat
""
Therethere
isbe
littlelittle
doubtdoubt
thatthat
herehere
existedexist
aa
towntown
inin
thethe
timetime
ofof
thethe
Britonsbriton
""
andand
aa
settlementsettlement
grewgrow
aroundaround
thethe
Druidicdruidic
universityuniversity
whichwhich
according to
accordingaccording
toto
Peckpeck
wasbe
thethe
ancientancient
Britishbritish
citycity
ofof
Doorebriffdoorebriff
,,
meaningmean
""
sharpsharp
streamstream
""
..
Bloreblore
,,
quotingquote
Butcherbutcher
,,
statesstate
thatthat
""
thethe
learninglearning
ofof
thethe
Heathensheathen
flourishedflourish
therethere
,,
untiluntil
Luciuslucius
Kingking
ofof
thethe
Britainsbritain
,,
aboutabout
thethe
yearyear
192192
,,
â¦â¦
explodedexplode
thethe
professionprofession
ofof
heathenheathen
philosophyphilosophy
""
andand
convertedconvert
thethe
universityuniversity
toto
Christianitychristianity
..
Laterlate
,,
inin
449449
thethe
universityuniversity
andand
towntown
werebe
attackedattack
byby
invadinginvade
Pictspict
andand
Scotsscot
,,
butbut
Hengist'shengist
victoryvictory
overover
themthem
,,
andand
subsequentsubsequent
decisiondecision
toto
buildbuild
thethe
firstfirst
Saxonsaxon
towntown
atat
Stamfordstamford
,,
ensuredensure
itsits
futurefuture
..
Aa
Britishbritish
Druiddruid
reproducedreproduce
fromfrom
Stukeley'sstukeley
,,
Stonehengestonehenge
,,
17401740
..
Byby
earlyearly
Saxonsaxon
timestime
thethe
universityuniversity
wasbe
flourishingflourish
::
Inin
601601
,,
thethe
monkmonk
Austinaustin
((
Augustineaugustine
ofof
Canterburycanterbury
))
foundfind
mixedmixed
Saxonsaxon
andand
Britishbritish
studentsstudent
atat
Stamfordstamford
Universityuniversity
engagedengage
inin
hereticalheretical
practicepractice
,,
particularlyparticularly
Pelagianismpelagianism
ââ
aa
beliefbelief
whichwhich
denieddeny
originaloriginal
sinsin
andand
promotedpromote
freefree
willwill
..
Incensedincense
byby
thisthis
heresyheresy
Popepope
Gregorygregory
Ii
suppressedsuppress
thethe
academyacademy
inin
605605
,,
destroyingdestroy
itsits
ancientancient
hallshall
andand
formerformer
paganpagan
templestemple
untiluntil
nothingnothing
remainedremain
ofof
thethe
world'sworld
firstfirst
universityuniversity
..
Thethe
Medievalmedieval
Universityuniversity
Legendlegend
THEthe
GLORYglory
ofof
Stamford'sstamford
ancientancient
universityuniversity
wasbe
notnot
forgottenforget
..
Asas
thethe
towntown
becamebecome
moremuch
prosperousprosperous
inin
thethe
twelfthtwelfth
andand
thirteenththirteenth
centuriescentury
aa
newnew
andand
greatergreat
universityuniversity
wasbe
builtbuild
onon
thethe
ruinedruined
foundationsfoundation
ofof
thethe
oldold
..
Stamfordstamford
Universityuniversity
becamebecome
England'sengland
thirdthird
medievalmedieval
academyacademy
alongsidealongside
Oxfordoxford
andand
Cambridgecambridge
andand
threatenedthreaten
toto
supersedesupersede
bothboth
..
Edmundedmund
Spenserspenser
inin
Bookbook
IViv
ofof
hishis
poempoem
thethe
Faeriefaerie
Queenequeene
,,
publishedpublish
inin
15961596
,,
wrotewrite
::
Whichwhich
wasbe
thenthen
adaptedadapt
byby
Draytondrayton
::
Henryhenry
Hannahanna
fromfrom
aa
drawingdrawing
byby
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
..
Followingfollow
thethe
dissolutiondissolution
ofof
aa
breakawaybreakaway
universityuniversity
atat
Northamptonnorthampton
byby
Edwardedward
Ii
inin
12641264
,,
twotwo
hundredhundred
Cambridgecambridge
andand
Oxfordoxford
studentsstudent
,,
convertedconvert
toto
Pelagianismpelagianism
,,
movedmove
toto
Stamfordstamford
,,
wherewhere
therethere
wasbe
alreadyalready
ana
establishedestablished
traditiontradition
ofof
learninglearn
andand
hereticalheretical
practicepractice
..
Henryhenry
Hannahanna
,,
thethe
provincialprovincial
ofof
thethe
Carmelitescarmelite
,,
hadhave
resurrectedresurrect
thethe
ancientancient
universityuniversity
whenwhen
hehe
foundedfound
aa
schoolschool
inin
St.st.
George'sgeorge
Squaresquare
inin
thethe
1250s1250
..
Peckpeck
sayssay
::
""
Henryhenry
Hannahanna
wasbe
thethe
beginnerbeginner
ofof
Academicalacademical
educationeducation
andand
ofof
thethe
Universityuniversity
itselfitself
atat
Stanfordstanford
""
andand
thatthat
thethe
Carmelitescarmelite
((
Whitefriarswhitefriars
))
werebe
thethe
""
chiefchief
professorsprofessor
andand
tutorstutor
toto
thethe
youthyouth
ofof
thisthis
Universityuniversity
""
..
Stukeleystukeley
inin
hishis
diarydiary
forfor
17451745
,,
howeverhowever
,,
claimedclaim
thatthat
thethe
medievalmedieval
universityuniversity
evolvedevolve
fromfrom
Allall
Saints'saint
Collegecollege
,,
establishedestablish
inin
11091109
atat
Wothorpewothorpe
,,
byby
Joffiedjoffied
,,
Abbotabbot
ofof
Crowlandcrowland
Abbeyabbey
..
Afterafter
Henryhenry
Hanna'shanna
hallhall
,,
thethe
firstfirst
collegescollege
toto
bebe
establishedestablish
,,
asas
Peckpeck
tellstell
usus
,,
werebe
generalgeneral
schoolsschool
openopen
toto
allall
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
Brazenosebrazenose
Collegecollege
byby
St.st.
Paul'spaul
Gategate
..
Thesethese
collegescollege
,,
thoughthough
,,
soonsoon
provedprove
inadequateinadequate
forfor
thethe
""
allall
comerscomer
whowho
promiscuouslypromiscuously
flockedflock
fromfrom
allall
partspart
toto
thisthis
Universityuniversity
""
((
Peckpeck
))
andand
otherother
friariesfriary
,,
dislikingdislike
thethe
mixturemixture
ofof
laylay
andand
secularsecular
educationeducation
,,
establishedestablish
theirtheir
ownown
schoolsschool
..
Blackblack
Hallhall
wasbe
foundedfound
byby
""
somesome
orderorder
ofof
Blackblack
monksmonk
""
((
Peckpeck
))
inin
Allall
Saints'saint
Placeplace
,,
andand
thethe
Blackfriarsblackfriars
andand
Greyfriarsgreyfriars
alsoalso
hadhave
schoolsschool
inin
thethe
towntown
..
Asas
thesethese
collegescollege
becamebecome
overcrowdedovercrowded
,,
thethe
largelarge
monasteriesmonastery
setset
upup
theirtheir
ownown
academicacademic
hallshall
,,
includinginclude
Sempringhamsempringham
Hallhall
andand
Durhamdurham
Hallhall
inin
St.st.
Peter'speter
Streetstreet
,,
Peterboroughpeterborough
Hallhall
inin
Allall
Saints'saint
Streetstreet
andand
Vaudeyvaudey
Hallhall
((
ownedown
byby
Vallisvallis
Deidei
Abbeyabbey
nearnear
Grimsthorpegrimsthorpe
))
inin
St.st.
Mary'smary
Streetstreet
..
Eacheach
monasticmonastic
orderorder
establishedestablish
aa
religiousreligious
foundationfoundation
inin
thethe
towntown
resultingresult
inin
aa
proliferationproliferation
ofof
churcheschurch
untiluntil
asas
Samuelsamuel
Sharpsharp
sayssay
::
""
Stamfordstamford
â¦â¦
mustmust
havehave
beenbe
aa
kindkind
ofof
monasticmonastic
metropolismetropolis
..
""
Butcherbutcher
commentscomment
thatthat
""
Thethe
Monksmonk
,,
Friersfriers
,,
andand
Nunsnun
ofof
thosethose
superstitioussuperstitious
Timestime
likelike
soso
manymany
Ratsrat
oror
Micemouse
,,
whichwhich
makemake
choicechoice
toto
feedfeed
ofof
thethe
daintiestdainty
cheesecheese
))
mademake
choicechoice
ofof
thisthis
Placeplace
toto
buildbuild
herehere
severalseveral
Receptaclesreceptacle
â¦â¦
""
pp
2020
::
illustrationillustration
Aa
universityuniversity
ofof
suchsuch
importanceimportance
wasbe
boundbind
toto
attractattract
thethe
intellectualsintellectual
ofof
thethe
nationnation
,,
andand
Peckpeck
listslist
aa
wholewhole
hosthost
ofof
literatiliterati
whowho
workedwork
atat
thethe
universityuniversity
,,
includinginclude
thethe
notablenotable
authorsauthor
Williamwilliam
Wheteleywheteley
,,
Williamwilliam
Ludlingtonludlington
andand
Walterwalter
dede
Hestonheston
..
Thethe
mostmuch
dramaticdramatic
eventevent
inin
thethe
university'suniversity
historyhistory
wasbe
thethe
secessionsecession
inin
13331333
ofof
northernnorthern
studentsstudent
fromfrom
Oxfordoxford
toto
Brazenosebrazenose
Collegecollege
inin
St.st.
Paul'spaul
Streetstreet
..
Merlinmerlin
hadhave
miraculouslymiraculously
prophesiedprophesy
thisthis
eventevent
overover
eighteight
hundredhundred
yearsyear
earlierearlier
::
Herehere
,,
ledlead
byby
thethe
mysteriousmysterious
H.h.
dede
R.r.
((
A.a.
F.f.
Leachleach
laterlate
claimedclaim
itit
wasbe
ledlead
byby
Williamwilliam
ofof
Barnbybarnby
,,
fellowfellow
andand
bursarbursar
ofof
Mertonmerton
Collegecollege
))
,,
theythey
establishedestablish
aa
rebelrebel
universityuniversity
away from
awayaway
fromfrom
theirtheir
argumentativeargumentative
southernsouthern
counterpartscounterpart
..
Apparentlyapparently
Mertonmerton
Collegecollege
hadhave
refusedrefuse
toto
taketake
northernnorthern
studentsstudent
andand
Oxfordoxford
hadhave
beenbe
plungedplunge
intointo
chaoschaos
andand
riotriot
..
Aa
poempoem
writtenwrite
inin
Stamfordstamford
inin
13341334
andand
addressedaddress
toto
Fitz-Ralphfitz-ralph
,,
Chancellorchancellor
ofof
Oxfordoxford
sayssay
::
Theythey
eveneven
broughtbring
withwith
themthem
thethe
distinctivedistinctive
knockerknocker
whichwhich
wasbe
laterlate
returnedreturn
toto
Oxfordoxford
inin
thethe
latelate
nineteenthnineteenth
centurycentury
..
Thethe
arrivalarrival
ofof
thethe
Oxfordoxford
studentsstudent
,,
thoughthough
,,
wasbe
toto
bringbring
aboutabout
ana
untimelyuntimely
endend
toto
Stamford'sstamford
medievalmedieval
universityuniversity
,,
forfor
inin
13341334
Oxfordoxford
persuadedpersuade
Kingking
Edwardedward
IIIiii
toto
interveneintervene
andand
closeclose
itit
downdown
::
Thethe
sheriffsheriff
ofof
Lincolnlincoln
wasbe
sentsend
toto
Stamfordstamford
,,
butbut
hehe
metmeet
withwith
considerableconsiderable
resistanceresistance
,,
andand
Peckpeck
,,
quotingquote
Johnjohn
Seldenselden
,,
suggestssuggest
thethe
kingking
himselfhimself
camecome
toto
thethe
towntown
because of
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
students'student
stubbornnessstubbornness
..
Itit
wasbe
n'tnot
untiluntil
Julyjuly
13351335
thatthat
thethe
academicacademic
hallshall
werebe
finallyfinally
routedrout
andand
thethe
studentsstudent
andand
mastersmaster
expelledexpel
..
Thusthus
endedend
Stamford'sstamford
prestigiousprestigious
universityuniversity
historyhistory
,,
destroyeddestroy
firstfirst
byby
thethe
vengeancevengeance
ofof
thethe
churchchurch
andand
laterlate
byby
thethe
jealousyjealousy
ofof
Oxfordoxford
Universityuniversity
..
Camdencamden
statesstate
thatthat
somesome
ofof
thethe
collegescollege
continuedcontinue
untiluntil
thethe
Lancastrianlancastrian
sacksack
ofof
thethe
towntown
inin
14611461
,,
butbut
itit
wasbe
no longer
nono
longerlonger
ana
importantimportant
universityuniversity
..
Byby
thethe
seventeenthseventeenth
centurycentury
Stamfordstamford
wasbe
justjust
aa
shadowshadow
ofof
itsits
formerformer
selfself
..
Aa
poempoem
ofof
16671667
fromfrom
Drunkendrunken
Barnaby'sbarnaby
Journaljournal
isbe
aa
sadsad
testimonytestimony
toto
aa
towntown
inin
declinedecline
::
COMMENTARYcommentary
Thethe
Ancientancient
Universityuniversity
Mythmyth
Thethe
storystory
ofof
Kingking
Bladudbladud
wasbe
firstfirst
chronicledchronicle
byby
Geoffreygeoffrey
ofof
Monmouthmonmouth
((
c.c.
1100-11541100-1154
))
inin
hishis
Historiahistoria
Regumregum
Britanniaebritanniae
,,
aa
collectioncollection
ofof
mythologymythology
andand
historyhistory
relatingrelate
toto
thethe
earlyearly
historyhistory
ofof
Britainbritain
,,
whichwhich
hehe
claimedclaim
hehe
hadhave
translatedtranslate
fromfrom
aa
lostlost
bookbook
ofof
Bretonbreton
legendslegend
..
Geoffreygeoffrey
,,
howeverhowever
,,
makesmake
nono
referencereference
toto
Bladudbladud
establishingestablish
aa
universityuniversity
inin
Britainbritain
..
Johnjohn
Hardynghardyng
,,
aa
midmid
fifteenth-centuryfifteenth-century
poetpoet
andand
chroniclerchronicler
,,
isbe
thethe
firstfirst
toto
mentionmention
thethe
storystory
andand
quotesquote
asas
hishis
sourcesource
thethe
sixth-centurysixth-century
Merlinmerlin
ofof
Caledoniacaledonia
,,
moremuch
commonlycommonly
knownknow
asas
Merlinmerlin
thethe
Wizardwizard
..
Therethere
isbe
nono
evidenceevidence
,,
thoughthough
,,
forfor
thethe
existenceexistence
ofof
""
Merlinmerlin
""
andand
writingswritings
attributedattribute
toto
himhim
arebe
spuriousspurious
..
Thisthis
impliesimply
thatthat
thethe
mythmyth
ofof
Bladud'sbladud
Universityuniversity
wasbe
inventedinvent
byby
Hardynghardyng
,,
andand
wasbe
inspiredinspire
byby
thethe
13331333
secessionsecession
..
Bloreblore
inin
18131813
suggestedsuggest
::
Thethe
taletale
wasbe
thenthen
copiedcopy
byby
laterlate
historianshistorian
andand
poetspoet
such as
suchsuch
asas
Johnjohn
Rossross
,,
thethe
latelate
fifteenth-centuryfifteenth-century
Warwickwarwick
antiquaryantiquary
,,
Johnjohn
Higginshiggins
((
workingwork
c.c.
1570-16021570-1602
))
,,
Michaelmichael
Draytondrayton
((
1563-16311563-1631
))
,,
andand
locallocal
historianshistorian
such as
suchsuch
asas
Richardrichard
Butcherbutcher
andand
Francisfrancis
Peckpeck
..
Johnjohn
Lelandleland
writingwrite
inin
thethe
mid-sixteenthmid sixteenth
centurycentury
callscall
thethe
wholewhole
episodeepisode
aa
""
dreamdream
""
..
Thethe
taletale
ofof
Simonsimon
thethe
Athenianathenian
appearsappear
inin
Samuelsamuel
Sharp'ssharp
Historyhistory
ofof
Stamfordstamford
ofof
18471847
,,
wherewhere
hehe
sayssay
hehe
foundfind
itit
inin
aa
""
quaintquaint
oldold
black-letterblack-letter
recordrecord
""
..
Itit
isbe
probablyprobably
aa
conflationconflation
ofof
thethe
Bladudbladud
legendlegend
withwith
thatthat
ofof
Simonsimon
Magusmagus
whowho
appearsappear
inin
thethe
canonicalcanonical
Actsact
ofof
thethe
Apostlesapostle
andand
thethe
apocryphalapocryphal
Actsact
ofof
Peterpeter
andand
whowho
isbe
creditedcredit
withwith
beingbe
thethe
firstfirst
teacherteacher
ofof
thethe
Gnosticgnostic
heresyheresy
..
Whenwhen
inin
Romerome
Simonsimon
isbe
saidsay
toto
havehave
encounteredencounter
St.st.
Peterpeter
andand
inin
ana
attemptattempt
toto
gaingain
convertsconvert
hehe
flewfly
throughthrough
thethe
airair
supportedsupport
byby
invisibleinvisible
demonsdemon
..
St.st.
Peterpeter
,,
seeingsee
thisthis
threatthreat
,,
banishedbanish
thethe
demonsdemon
andand
Simonsimon
fellfall
toto
hishis
deathdeath
..
Bothboth
Simonsimon
andand
Bladudbladud
havehave
fatalfatal
attemptsattempt
atat
flightflight
,,
blackblack
magicmagic
andand
heresyheresy
in common
inin
commoncommon
,,
andand
itit
isbe
easyeasy
toto
seesee
thatthat
thethe
twotwo
storiesstory
couldcould
havehave
becomebecome
confusedconfused
..
Thethe
storystory
ofof
thethe
suppressionsuppression
ofof
thethe
universityuniversity
byby
Popepope
Gregorygregory
Ii
isbe
aa
fantasyfantasy
inspiredinspire
byby
thethe
historicalhistorical
lettersletter
betweenbetween
Augustineaugustine
andand
thethe
Popepope
asas
recordedrecord
inin
Bede'sbede
historyhistory
ofof
731731
..
Therethere
isbe
nono
mentionmention
ofof
Stamfordstamford
inin
thesethese
lettersletter
andand
thethe
taletale
mustmust
havehave
beenbe
createdcreate
byby
Hardynghardyng
toto
fitfit
inin
withwith
hishis
earlierearly
mythologymythology
..
Thethe
Medievalmedieval
Universityuniversity
Legendlegend
Ifif
thethe
storystory
ofof
thethe
ancientancient
universityuniversity
maymay
bebe
classifiedclassify
asas
mythmyth
,,
thethe
claimclaim
forfor
aa
medievalmedieval
universityuniversity
maymay
bebe
classifiedclassify
asas
legendlegend
..
Thethe
wordword
""
universityuniversity
""
impliesimply
aa
wholewhole
bodybody
ofof
teachersteacher
andand
scholarsscholar
organisedorganise
underunder
aa
singlesingle
corporatecorporate
administrationadministration
..
Thethe
1333-51333-5
secessionsecession
fromfrom
Oxfordoxford
,,
firstlyfirstly
toto
Northamptonnorthampton
andand
thenthen
toto
Stamfordstamford
,,
isbe
factualfactual
,,
butbut
thethe
groupgroup
ofof
teachersteacher
andand
studentsstudent
wasbe
nevernever
sufficientlysufficiently
largelarge
oror
establishedestablish
toto
bebe
consideredconsider
aa
properproper
universityuniversity
..
Manymany
studentsstudent
returnedreturn
toto
Oxfordoxford
prior to
priorprior
toto
13351335
,,
andand
onlyonly
seventeenseventeen
mastersmaster
,,
sixsix
parishparish
priestspriest
andand
fourteenfourteen
studentsstudent
werebe
foundfind
inin
thethe
lastlast
inquisitioninquisition
..
Hadhave
itit
continuedcontinue
,,
howeverhowever
,,
thethe
rebelrebel
universityuniversity
couldcould
havehave
becomebecome
aa
rivalrival
establishmentestablishment
toto
bothboth
Oxfordoxford
andand
Cambridgecambridge
..
Thisthis
potentialpotential
wasbe
recognisedrecognise
byby
bothboth
universitiesuniversity
..
Twotwo
yearsyear
afterafter
thethe
secessionsecession
,,
Robertrobert
ofof
Stratfordstratford
,,
thethe
Chancellorchancellor
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Oxfordoxford
,,
wrotewrite
toto
Cambridgecambridge
Universityuniversity
withwith
thethe
soberingsobering
thoughtthought
thatthat
andand
untiluntil
18541854
,,
Oxfordoxford
mademake
studentsstudent
swearswear
ana
oathoath
..
Theythey
eveneven
tooktake
thethe
Brazenosebrazenose
gategate
knockerknocker
toto
Oxfordoxford
inin
189O189o
underunder
thethe
impressionimpression
thatthat
itit
hadhave
originallyoriginally
comecome
fromfrom
Oxfordoxford
..
Howeverhowever
,,
therethere
isbe
nono
provenproven
evidenceevidence
thatthat
thethe
rebelrebel
studentsstudent
everever
useduse
thethe
Brazenosebrazenose
sitesite
..
Brasenosebrasenose
Hallhall
atat
Oxfordoxford
wasbe
inin
existenceexistence
byby
thethe
mid-thirteenthmid thirteenth
centurycentury
andand
probablyprobably
derivesderive
itsits
namename
fromfrom
""
brazenbrazen
nosenose
""
..
Brazenosebrazenose
knockerknocker
reproducedreproduce
fromfrom
Drakard'sdrakard
Historyhistory
ofof
Stamfordstamford
,,
18221822
..
Thethe
earlierearly
secessionsecession
ofof
Cambridgecambridge
andand
Oxfordoxford
studentsstudent
inin
12641264
isbe
mentionedmention
onlyonly
byby
thethe
historianhistorian
Richardrichard
Whitewhite
((
1539-16111539-1611
))
andand
wasbe
copiedcopy
byby
Anthonyanthony
Woodwood
,,
aa
latelate
seventeenth-centuryseventeenth century
Oxfordoxford
writerwriter
..
Itit
isbe
probablyprobably
justjust
ana
elaborationelaboration
ofof
thethe
historicalhistorical
secessionsecession
ofof
Cambridgecambridge
studentsstudent
toto
Northamptonnorthampton
inin
12611261
..
Thethe
Pelagianpelagian
connectionconnection
appearsappear
toto
bebe
justjust
aa
confusionconfusion
withwith
thethe
earlierearly
mythmyth
..
Thethe
arrivalarrival
ofof
thethe
Oxfordoxford
studentsstudent
,,
thoughthough
,,
impliesimply
thatthat
therethere
wasbe
aa
earlierearly
traditiontradition
ofof
learninglearning
inin
thethe
towntown
,,
butbut
thisthis
wasbe
by no means
byby
nono
meansmeans
asas
significantsignificant
asas
somesome
writerswriter
havehave
suggestedsuggest
..
Therethere
isbe
onlyonly
oneone
adequatelyadequately
documentarydocumentary
monasticmonastic
schoolschool
,,
whichwhich
wasbe
foundedfound
byby
thethe
Lincolnshirelincolnshire
priorypriory
ofof
Sempringhamsempringham
inin
c.c,
13011301
..
Robertrobert
Luterellluterell
,,
youngeryoung
brotherbrother
ofof
Sirsir
Geoffreygeoffrey
Luterellluterell
,,
whowho
commissionedcommission
thethe
famousfamous
Luterellluterell
Psalterpsalter
,,
gavegive
hishis
househouse
calledcall
""
thethe
Gannocgannoc
""
onon
St.st.
Peter'speter
Streetstreet
forfor
useuse
asas
aa
schoolschool
,,
andand
itit
hadhave
itsits
ownown
chapelchapel
ofof
St.st.
Marymary
..
Aboutabout
halfhalf
aa
dozendozen
Gilbertinegilbertine
novicesnovice
livedlive
therethere
,,
studyingstudy
theologytheology
andand
philosophyphilosophy
,,
andand
thethe
schoolschool
wasbe
possiblypossibly
attendedattend
byby
otherother
towntown
studentsstudent
((
Durhamdurham
Hallhall
atat
Oxfordoxford
,,
establishedestablish
inin
12861286
,,
wasbe
aa
similarsimilar
,,
thoughthough
largerlarge
,,
institutioninstitution
,,
housinghouse
sixteensixteen
studentsstudent
))
..
Thethe
existenceexistence
ofof
thisthis
schoolschool
suggestssuggest
thatthat
therethere
couldcould
havehave
beenbe
otherother
hallshall
inin
thethe
towntown
,,
butbut
therethere
isbe
nono
definitedefinite
evidenceevidence
..
Itit
isbe
knownknow
thatthat
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
Priorypriory
hadhave
somesome
academicacademic
functionfunction
,,
forfor
inin
thethe
fourteenthfourteenth
centurycentury
itit
wasbe
partlypartly
useduse
asas
aa
studystudy
centrecentre
forfor
youngyoung
monksmonk
,,
possiblypossibly
preparingprepare
themthem
forfor
theirtheir
degreedegree
coursescourse
atat
Oxfordoxford
..
Alanalan
Piperpiper
suggestssuggest
thatthat
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
wasbe
quitequite
aa
prestigiousprestigious
academicacademic
institutioninstitution
,,
runrun
byby
mastersmaster
ofof
""
highhigh
calibrecalibre
in terms of
inin
termsterms
ofof
administrativeadministrative
experienceexperience
andand
intellectualintellectual
trainingtraining
""
..
Thisthis
teachingteaching
functionfunction
,,
thoughthough
,,
declineddecline
sharplysharply
afterafter
13801380
withwith
thethe
establishmentestablishment
ofof
Durhamdurham
Collegecollege
atat
Oxfordoxford
..
Whitefriar'swhitefriar
gategate
fromfrom
aa
drawingdrawing
byby
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
,,
17351735
..
Therethere
isbe
nono
properproper
medievalmedieval
evidenceevidence
forfor
anyany
ofof
thethe
otherother
hallshall
,,
butbut
theythey
werebe
aa
commoncommon
traditiontradition
byby
thethe
sixteenthsixteenth
centurycentury
..
Lelandleland
statesstate
""
aa
greatgreat
voicevoice
rennithrennith
thatthat
sometymesometime
readingesreading
ofof
liberalleliberalle
sciencesscience
werebe
atat
Staunfordstaunford
""
,,
butbut
Brazenosebrazenose
isbe
thethe
onlyonly
otherother
authenticatedauthenticated
medievalmedieval
buildingbuilding
,,
andand
itit
hashave
nono
academicacademic
recordrecord
..
Stukeley'sstukeley
claimclaim
forfor
Allall
Saints'saint
Collegecollege
atat
Wothorpewothorpe
isbe
basedbase
onon
Speed'sspeed
earlyearly
seventeenth-centuryseventeenth-century
mapmap
,,
andand
isbe
justjust
aa
misreadingmisreading
ofof
ana
entryentry
inin
Valorvalor
Ecclesiasticusecclesiasticus
,,
Henryhenry
VIII'sviii
surveysurvey
ofof
thethe
valuevalue
ofof
ecclesiasticalecclesiastical
propertyproperty
..
Thisthis
merelymerely
mentionsmention
thatthat
Browne'sbrowne
Hospitalhospital
heldhold
propertyproperty
atat
Wothorpewothorpe
..
Althoughalthough
thethe
Ordersorder
ofof
Friarsfriar
werebe
influentialinfluential
inin
universityuniversity
lifelife
inin
Oxfordoxford
therethere
isbe
nono
proofproof
forfor
theirtheir
academicacademic
activitiesactivity
herehere
..
Thethe
significancesignificance
ofof
thethe
Carmelitecarmelite
schoolschool
hashave
beenbe
greatlygreatly
exaggeratedexaggerate
because of
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
widespreadwidespread
misunderstandingmisunderstanding
thatthat
thethe
Carmelitecarmelite
Whitefriarywhitefriary
stoodstand
onon
thethe
sitesite
ofof
thethe
hospitalhospital
,,
ana
importantimportant
monasticmonastic
sitesite
withwith
aa
splendidsplendid
fourteenth-centuryfourteenth-century
gategate
..
Thisthis
wasbe
actuallyactually
thethe
Franciscanfranciscan
Greyfriarygreyfriary
andand
thethe
Whitefriarywhitefriary
stoodstand
justjust
toto
thethe
south-westsouth-west
betweenbetween
St.st.
Paul'spaul
Streetstreet
andand
Priorypriory
Roadroad
â-
aa
muchmuch
lesslittle
romanticromantic
sitesite
..
Allall
wewe
knowknow
ofof
Henryhenry
Hannahanna
comescome
fromfrom
Lelandleland
,,
andand
hehe
nevernever
mentionsmention
Hannahanna
teachingteaching
anywhereanywhere
oror
acquiringacquire
anyany
eminenceeminence
,,
andand
therethere
isbe
nono
medievalmedieval
evidenceevidence
forfor
hishis
schoolschool
..
Williamwilliam
Ludlingtonludlington
inin
factfact
taughtteach
atat
Oxfordoxford
,,
notnot
Stamfordstamford
,,
andand
Williamwilliam
Wheteleywheteley
wasbe
mastermaster
ofof
Lincolnlincoln
Grammargrammar
Schoolschool
..
as for
Asas
forfor
thethe
traditiontradition
ofof
monasticmonastic
hallshall
,,
Lelandleland
impliesimply
thatthat
thethe
namesname
ofof
manymany
ofof
thethe
buildingsbuilding
((
e.g.e.g.
Peterboroughpeterborough
Hallhall
))
merelymerely
reflectedreflect
thethe
ownershipownership
ofof
thethe
propertyproperty
::
Despitedespite
thisthis
,,
laterlater
writerswriter
supposedsuppose
manymany
buildingsbuilding
toto
bebe
academicacademic
hallshall
..
Thisthis
traditiontradition
beganbegin
withwith
Brianbrian
Twyne'stwyne
visitvisit
toto
Stamfordstamford
inin
16171617
,,
wasbe
elaboratedelaborate
byby
Anthonyanthony
Woodwood
inin
16741674
,,
andand
byby
Peckpeck
andand
Stukeleystukeley
inin
thethe
eighteentheighteenth
centurycentury
..
Onon
Stukeley'sstukeley
arrivalarrival
atat
Stamfordstamford
inin
17291729
Peckpeck
wrotewrite
toto
himhim
callingcall
himhim
""
Presidentpresident
ofof
Blackblack
Hallhall
,,
Peterboroughpeterborough
Hallhall
,,
Sempringhamsempringham
Hallhall
,,
Durhamdurham
Hallhall
andand
Vaudeyvaudey
Hallhall
""
..
Anyany
largelarge
medievalmedieval
buildingbuilding
becamebecome
susceptiblesusceptible
toto
classificationclassification
,,
andand
Peckpeck
claimedclaim
thatthat
innsinn
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
thethe
Windmillwindmill
,,
formerlyformerly
atat
no.nummero
5151
Highhigh
Streetstreet
,,
werebe
useduse
asas
hallshall
..
Bloreblore
sayssay
::
even if
Eveneven
ifif
therethere
werebe
monasticmonastic
oror
friary-ownedfriary-owned
schoolsschool
inin
thethe
towntown
theythey
wouldwould
stillstill
notnot
constituteconstitute
aa
universityuniversity
,,
asas
eacheach
schoolschool
wouldwould
bebe
administeredadminister
separatelyseparately
andand
wouldwould
bebe
dominateddominate
byby
thethe
beliefsbelief
ofof
thethe
monasticmonastic
orderorder
..
Samuelsamuel
Sharp'ssharp
visionvision
ofof
aa
""
monasticmonastic
metropolismetropolis
""
isbe
ana
exaggeratedexaggerated
fantasyfantasy
andand
thethe
reasonreason
forfor
thethe
largelarge
numbernumber
ofof
churcheschurch
inin
thethe
towntown
wasbe
notnot
monasticmonastic
butbut
thethe
resultresult
ofof
earlyearly
self-governmentself-government
andand
thethe
absenceabsence
ofof
anyany
singlesingle
overlordoverlord
other than
otherother
thanthan
thethe
kingking
..
Anyany
academicacademic
learninglearning
atat
Stamfordstamford
,,
thereforetherefore
,,
mustmust
havehave
beenbe
ofof
limitedlimited
scopescope
andand
onlyonly
thethe
rebelrebel
studentsstudent
andand
mastersmaster
betweenbetween
13331333
andand
13351335
everever
issuedissue
degreesdegree
..
Smallsmall
monasticmonastic
schoolsschool
,,
aa
teachingteaching
capacitycapacity
atat
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
Priorypriory
andand
thethe
temporarytemporary
residenceresidence
ofof
thethe
Oxfordoxford
studentsstudent
cancan
notnot
constituteconstitute
aa
universityuniversity
underunder
aa
corporatecorporate
bodybody
..
Deeddeed
inin
hishis
Historyhistory
ofof
Stamfordstamford
Schoolschool
sayssay
thatthat
""
althoughalthough
therethere
werebe
hallshall
andand
placesplace
ofof
learninglearning
inin
Stamfordstamford
therethere
isbe
nono
evidenceevidence
thatthat
therethere
wasbe
anyany
universityuniversity
organisationorganisation
""
..
Stamford'sstamford
mainmain
rolerole
wasbe
probablyprobably
asas
aa
""
crammingcramming
""
centrecentre
preparingprepare
novicesnovice
forfor
Oxfordoxford
..
Itit
wasbe
thethe
potentialpotential
,,
thoughthough
,,
ofof
thethe
13331333
secessionsecession
thatthat
capturedcapture
thethe
imaginationimagination
ofof
historianshistorian
..
Itit
spawnedspawn
thethe
Bladudbladud
taletale
,,
itit
mademake
Francisfrancis
Peckpeck
subtitlesubtitle
hishis
Antiquarianantiquarian
Annalsannals
ofof
Stanfordstanford
ofof
17271727
Academiaacademia
Terciatercia
Anglicanaanglicana
,,
oror
""
Thethe
Thirdthird
Englishenglish
Universityuniversity
""
,,
andand
itit
fuelledfuel
thethe
fertilefertile
mindsmind
ofof
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
andand
laterlate
Victorianvictorian
romanticsromantic
..
Finallyfinally
,,
Stamfordstamford
putput
itselfitself
forwardforward
inin
thethe
1960s1960
asas
oneone
ofof
thethe
sitessite
forfor
thethe
newnew
generationgeneration
ofof
universitiesuniversity
,,
citingcite
thethe
town'stown
""
universityuniversity
historyhistory
""
in support of
inin
supportsupport
ofof
itsits
casecase
..
Thethe
ideaidea
hadhave
beenbe
putput
forwardforward
asas
earlyearly
asas
thethe
endend
ofof
thethe
Secondsecond
Worldworld
Warwar
,,
whenwhen
E.e.
M.m.
W.w.
Tillyardtillyard
hadhave
advocatedadvocate
aa
newnew
reliefrelief
universityuniversity
forfor
Oxfordoxford
andand
Cambridgecambridge
atat
Stamfordstamford
..
Followingfollow
thethe
foundationfoundation
ofof
newnew
universitiesuniversity
atat
suchsuch
placesplace
asas
Yorkyork
andand
Lancasterlancaster
,,
hopeshope
forfor
aa
universityuniversity
atat
Stamfordstamford
ranrun
highhigh
..
Aa
twotwo
hundredhundred
acreacre
sitesite
alongalong
Tinwelltinwell
Roadroad
wasbe
suggestedsuggest
withwith
plotsplot
ofof
landland
inin
thethe
centrecentre
ofof
thethe
towntown
reservedreserve
forfor
hallshall
ofof
residenceresidence
.
Butbut
inin
19651965
,,
itit
wasbe
announcedannounce
thatthat
nono
newnew
universityuniversity
wouldwould
bebe
builtbuild
forfor
tenten
yearsyear
andand
thatthat
prioritypriority
wouldwould
gogo
toto
thethe
expansionexpansion
ofof
existingexisting
universitiesuniversity
..
Thisthis
,,
andand
thethe
growthgrowth
ofof
studentstudent
unrestunrest
,,
finallyfinally
killedkill
offoff
allall
hopeshope
ofof
establishingestablish
aa
universityuniversity
inin
thethe
towntown
..
QUEENqueen
BOADICEAboadicea
&and
THEthe
ROMANroman
TOWNtown
ATat
STAMFORDstamford
WHENwhen
THEthe
Romansroman
builtbuild
Ermineermine
Streetstreet
,,
theirtheir
greatgreat
roadroad
fromfrom
thethe
southsouth
coastcoast
toto
thethe
Humberhumber
,,
theythey
deliberatelydeliberately
alignedalign
itit
closeclose
toto
thethe
ancientancient
universityuniversity
towntown
ofof
Stamfordstamford
,,
thenthen
calledcall
Doorebriffdoorebriff
.
Atat
thisthis
strategicstrategic
riverriver
crossingcrossing
theythey
establishedestablish
aa
towntown
calledcall
Durobrivaedurobrivae
,,
fromfrom
whichwhich
thethe
Saxonsaxon
wordword
""
Wellandwelland
""
laterlate
derivedderive
,,
meaningmean
""
ragingraging
,,
boilingboil
,,
bubblingbubble
..
Thethe
sitesite
ofof
thisthis
settlementsettlement
wasbe
inin
Bredcroftbredcroft
oror
""
Bradcroftbradcroft
""
meadowmeadow
,,
andand
inin
thethe
nineteenthnineteenth
centurycentury
therethere
wasbe
stillstill
evidenceevidence
ofof
itsits
existenceexistence
..
Samuelsamuel
Sharpsharp
writingwriting
inin
18471847
sayssay
::
""
Therethere
isbe
evidenceevidence
â¦â¦
ofof
itsits
havinghave
beenbe
aa
Romanroman
settlementsettlement
inin
thethe
timetime
ofof
Agricolaagricola
,,
andand
thatthat
hishis
legionslegion
establishedestablish
herehere
aa
permanentpermanent
encampmentencampment
,,
thethe
remainsremain
ofof
whichwhich
arebe
clearlyclearly
traceabletraceable
eveneven
toto
thethe
presentpresent
dayday
..
""
Therethere
wasbe
alsoalso
aa
smallersmall
walledwalled
towntown
twotwo
milesmile
toto
thethe
northnorth
calledcall
Gausennaegausennae
atat
whatwhat
isbe
nownow
Greatgreat
Castertoncasterton
,,
whichwhich
actedact
asas
ana
extraextra
garrisongarrison
..
Inin
A.D.a.d.
6161
thethe
settlementsettlement
wasbe
brutallybrutally
destroyeddestroy
byby
thethe
illustriousillustrious
Queenqueen
Boadiceaboadicea
,,
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
Iceniiceni
tribetribe
ofof
thethe
Norfolknorfolk
areaarea
..
Sheshe
hadhave
defeateddefeat
thethe
Romanroman
IXix
Legionlegion
atat
aa
bloodybloody
battlebattle
inin
thethe
Godmanchestergodmanchester
areaarea
((
Cambridgeshirecambridgeshire
))
andand
pursuedpursue
thethe
survivorssurvivor
alongalong
Ermineermine
Streetstreet
toto
theirtheir
basebase
atat
Lincolnlincoln
..
Boadiceaboadicea
,,
onon
herher
shiningshining
chariotchariot
withwith
scythesscythe
onon
thethe
wheelswheel
,,
razedraze
allall
thethe
Romanroman
settlementssettlement
inin
herher
pathpath
,,
andand
soso
Durobrivaedurobrivae
wasbe
obliteratedobliterate
..
Therethere
isbe
aa
monumentmonument
inin
Bredcroftbredcroft
meadowmeadow
inin
memorymemory
ofof
thisthis
remarkableremarkable
eventevent
inin
Stamford'sstamford
historyhistory
..
pp
3030
::
illustrationillustration
Thethe
sitingsiting
ofof
thethe
Romanroman
Ermineermine
Streetstreet
justjust
toto
thethe
westwest
ofof
Stamfordstamford
promptedprompt
Francisfrancis
Peckpeck
inin
17271727
toto
suggestsuggest
thatthat
Stamfordstamford
wasbe
formerlyformerly
thethe
importantimportant
Romanroman
towntown
ofof
Durobrivaedurobrivae
,,
originallyoriginally
calledcall
Doorebriffdoorebriff
.
Hehe
supportedsupport
thethe
claimclaim
withwith
somesome
incoherentincoherent
etymologyetymology
thatthat
relatedrelate
thethe
namename
toto
thethe
Saxonsaxon
wordword
""
Wellandwelland
""
,,
irrespective of
irrespectiveirrespective
ofof
thethe
factfact
thatthat
thethe
gentlegentle
Wellandwelland
doesdo
notnot
ragerage
oror
boilboil
((
according to
accordingaccording
toto
Ekwall'sekwall
Englishenglish
Riverriver
Namesname
,,
Wellandwelland
meansmean
""
goodgood
streamstream
""
))
..
Durobrivaedurobrivae
actuallyactually
meansmean
""
bridge-fortbridge-fort
""
andand
wasbe
situatedsituate
tenten
milesmile
south-eastsouth-east
ofof
Stamfordstamford
onon
thethe
Riverriver
Nenenene
atat
Waterwater
Newtonnewton
..
Itit
appearsappear
thethe
Romansroman
hadhave
nono
defensivedefensive
positionposition
onon
thethe
Wellandwelland
andand
thethe
earliestearly
settlementsettlement
inin
thethe
areaarea
wasbe
thethe
Romanroman
campcamp
onon
thethe
Riverriver
Gwashgwash
atat
whatwhat
isbe
nownow
Greatgreat
Castertoncasterton
..
Aa
deepdeep
defensivedefensive
ditchditch
stillstill
survivessurvive
therethere
,,
butbut
itit
wasbe
onlyonly
aa
smallsmall
settlementsettlement
andand
Camden'scamden
""
towntown
""
ofof
Gausennaegausennae
isbe
probablyprobably
Causenniscausennis
whichwhich
stoodstand
furtherfar
toto
thethe
northnorth
onon
thethe
Riverriver
Withamwitham
..
Onlyonly
smallsmall
Romanroman
fragmentsfragment
havehave
beenbe
foundfind
inin
Stamfordstamford
ââ
.
Sharp'ssharp
""
clearlyclearly
traceabletraceable
""
Romanroman
campcamp
whichwhich
apparentlyapparently
stoodstand
oneone
furlongfurlong
north-westnorth-west
ofof
thethe
towntown
isbe
untraceableuntraceable
ââ
butbut
therethere
isbe
thethe
sitesite
ofof
aa
villavilla
justjust
toto
thethe
westwest
ofof
thethe
towntown
..
Itit
hashave
beenbe
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
thethe
Bredcroftbredcroft
sitesite
mightmight
havehave
beenbe
aa
smallsmall
sub-Romansub-roman
settlementsettlement
inin
thethe
periodperiod
betweenbetween
thethe
declinedecline
ofof
Greatgreat
Castertoncasterton
andand
thethe
growthgrowth
ofof
Stamfordstamford
..
Popularpopular
etymologyetymology
hashave
claimedclaim
thatthat
""
Bredcroftbredcroft
""
wasbe
thethe
placeplace
wherewhere
thethe
town'stown
medievalmedieval
bakersbaker
keptkeep
theirtheir
ovensoven
andand
Burtonburton
claimsclaim
therethere
wasbe
aa
courtcourt
househouse
therethere
,,
butbut
therethere
isbe
nono
evidenceevidence
..
Thethe
landland
wasbe
ownedown
byby
Queenqueen
Edithedith
andand
wasbe
situatedsituate
inin
Rutlandrutland
outsideoutside
thethe
Boroughborough
ofof
Stamfordstamford
..
Thethe
Boudiccaboudicca
taletale
isbe
basedbase
onon
aa
statementstatement
byby
thethe
contemporarycontemporary
Romanroman
historianhistorian
,,
Tacitustacitus
,,
thatthat
afterafter
hishis
defeatdefeat
,,
Petiliuspetilius
Cerialiscerialis
,,
thethe
commandercommander
ofof
thethe
IXix
Legionlegion
,,
escapedescape
withwith
hishis
cavalrycavalry
""
andand
foundfind
sheltershelter
behindbehind
thethe
defencesdefence
ofof
[[
theirtheir
]]
campcamp
""
..
Thisthis
doesdo
notnot
necessarilynecessarily
implyimply
aa
chasechase
andand
nono
evidenceevidence
ofof
ana
attackattack
wasbe
foundfind
whenwhen
thethe
Romanroman
towntown
atat
Castertoncasterton
wasbe
excavatedexcavate
inin
thethe
1950s1950
..
Thethe
wholewhole
connectionconnection
isbe
soso
slightslight
thatthat
thethe
legendlegend
onlyonly
appearsappear
inin
tourist-orientatedtourist-orientated
guideguide
booksbook
ofof
thethe
twentiethtwentieth
centurycentury
..
Itit
wasbe
givengive
enoughenough
credencecredence
inin
thethe
1960s1960
,,
thoughthough
forfor
aa
monumentmonument
toto
bebe
erectederect
byby
thethe
Romanroman
fordford
inin
Bredcroftbredcroft
meadowmeadow
recordingrecord
herher
chasechase
..
Professorprofessor
W.w.
F.f.
Grimesgrimes
inin
hishis
essayessay
""
Thethe
Archaeologyarchaeology
ofof
thethe
Stamfordstamford
Regionregion
""
inin
Thethe
Makingmaking
ofof
Stamfordstamford
suggestssuggest
thatthat
""
thethe
inscriptioninscription
onon
thethe
recentlyrecently
erectederect
pillarpillar
thatthat
marksmark
thethe
Romanroman
crossingcrossing
onon
thethe
Wellandwelland
oughtought
toto
bebe
replacedreplace
byby
oneone
whichwhich
doesdo
lessless
violenceviolence
toto
thethe
factsfact
asas
theythey
appearappear
toto
bebe
..
""
Hengist'shengist
towntown
basedbase
onon
aa
drawingdrawing
mademake
byby
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
inin
Designsdesign
,,
17361736
..
THEthe
BATTLEbattle
OFof
STAMFORDstamford
&and
HENGIST'Shengist
TOWNtown
INin
THEthe
earlyearly
fifthfifth
centurycentury
,,
Englandengland
wasbe
underunder
attackattack
fromfrom
invadinginvading
tribestribe
ofof
Pictspict
andand
Scotsscots
..
Theythey
hadhave
laidlay
wastewaste
thethe
entireentire
northnorth
ofof
thethe
countrycountry
andand
inin
449449
theythey
arrivedarrive
atat
thethe
universityuniversity
towntown
ofof
Stamfordstamford
..
Inin
aa
lastlast
attemptattempt
toto
crushcrush
thethe
invasioninvasion
,,
Vortigernvortigern
,,
thethe
Britishbritish
kingking
,,
enlistedenlist
thethe
helphelp
ofof
thethe
Saxonsaxon
armyarmy
underunder
thethe
renownedrenownd
generalgeneral
,,
Hengisthengist
..
Butbut
byby
invitinginvite
thethe
Saxonssaxon
intointo
thethe
countrycountry
hehe
plantedplant
thethe
seedseed
forfor
aa
newnew
invasioninvasion
uponupon
hishis
soilsoil
..
Hengist'shengist
armyarmy
metmeet
thethe
Scotsscots
atat
Stamfordstamford
,,
whichwhich
wasbe
nownow
inin
aa
ruinousruinous
statestate
;;
Thethe
Saxonsaxon
forcesforce
scoredscore
aa
significantsignificant
victoryvictory
andand
inin
returnreturn
Vortigernvortigern
gavegive
Hengisthengist
landland
inin
Stamfordstamford
toto
buildbuild
thethe
firstfirst
Saxonsaxon
towntown
inin
Britainbritain
..
Camdencamden
addsadd
::
Hengisthengist
chosechoose
aa
sitesite
justjust
toto
thethe
westwest
ofof
thethe
existingexisting
settlementsettlement
onon
ana
elevatedelevated
positionposition
andand
constructedconstruct
aa
Roman-styleroman-style
towntown
basedbase
onon
knowledgeknowledge
gainedgain
whilstwhilst
servingserve
inin
thethe
Romanroman
armyarmy
..
Thethe
structuredstructured
gridgrid
layoutlayout
ofof
thisthis
towntown
cancan
stillstill
bebe
tracedtrace
todaytoday
inin
thethe
St.st.
Peter'speter
areaarea
ofof
Stamfordstamford
..
St.st.
Peter'speter
Streetstreet
wasbe
formerlyformerly
thethe
axialaxial
Viavia
Praetoriapraetoria
withwith
thethe
forumforum
,,
oror
marketmarket
placeplace
,,
onon
thethe
sitesite
ofof
St.st.
Peter'speter
Churchchurch
..
Thethe
castlecastle
stoodstand
toto
thethe
south-eastsouth-east
byby
thethe
riverriver
andand
thethe
wholewhole
towntown
wasbe
heavilyheavily
fortifiedfortify
,,
survivingsurvive
untiluntil
thethe
Danishdanish
attacksattack
inin
thethe
ninthninth
centurycentury
..
Afterafter
completingcomplete
thethe
magnificentmagnificent
castlecastle
,,
Hengisthengist
beganbegin
plottingplot
hishis
masterymastery
ofof
thethe
kingdomkingdom
..
Stukeleystukeley
inin
hishis
diarydiary
tellstell
usus
howhow
hehe
invitedinvite
Kingking
Vortigernvortigern
toto
bebe
entertainedentertain
therethere
andand
onon
thethe
king'sking
arrivalarrival
hehe
introducedintroduce
himhim
toto
Rowenarowena
,,
hishis
beautifulbeautiful
daughterdaughter
,,
whowho
presentedpresent
Vortigernvortigern
withwith
aa
goldgold
wassailwassail
cupcup
..
Vortigernvortigern
wasbe
soso
takentake
byby
herher
charmscharm
thatthat
hehe
tooktake
herher
forfor
hishis
wifewife
..
Inin
returnreturn
hehe
gavegive
Hengisthengist
landland
inin
Kentkent
wherewhere
Hengist'shengist
descendantsdescendant
ruledrule
untiluntil
thethe
latelate
eightheighth
centurycentury
((
thethe
""
Oescingaoescinga
""
dynastydynasty
))
..
Anglo-Saxonanglo-saxon
battlebattle
basedbase
onon
drawingdraw
inin
thethe
Canterburycanterbury
Hexateuchhexateuch
..
Thethe
storystory
ofof
Hengisthengist
inin
Stamfordstamford
isbe
aa
locallocal
legendlegend
basedbase
onon
aa
referencereference
toto
aa
battlebattle
atat
Stamfordstamford
inin
Henryhenry
ofof
Huntingdon'shuntingdon
((
10841084
--
11551155
))
Historiahistoria
Anglorumanglorum
..
Thisthis
impliesimply
aa
locallocal
traditiontradition
alreadyalready
currentcurrent
inin
thethe
twelfthtwelfth
centurycentury
andand
mightmight
bebe
basedbase
onon
aa
lostlost
sourcesource
..
Gildasgildas
writingwriting
inin
thethe
mid-sixthmid-sixth
centurycentury
givesgive
nono
detaildetail
ofof
thethe
battlebattle
andand
Bedebede
inin
731731
mentionsmention
Vortigernvortigern
andand
Hengisthengist
butbut
doesdo
notnot
specifyspecify
anyany
locationlocation
..
Geoffreygeoffrey
ofof
Monmouthmonmouth
beganbegin
thethe
Hengisthengist
inin
Lincolnshirelincolnshire
legendlegend
byby
statingstate
thatthat
Hengisthengist
wasbe
grantedgrant
landland
inin
Lindseylindsey
,,
inin
Lincolnshirelincolnshire
,,
wherewhere
hehe
builtbuild
aa
fortressfortress
calledcall
Thranceastrethranceastre
whichwhich
wasbe
laterlate
associatedassociate
withwith
Castorcastor
..
Bedebede
merelymerely
statesstate
thatthat
Hengisthengist
wasbe
grantedgrant
aa
settlementsettlement
inin
thethe
easteast
ofof
thethe
countrycountry
whichwhich
wasbe
probablyprobably
inin
Kentkent
wherewhere
Hengisthengist
foundedfound
aa
royalroyal
dynastydynasty
..
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
furtherfar
elaboratedelaborate
thethe
legendlegend
inin
thethe
eighteentheighteenth
centurycentury
whenwhen
hehe
proposedpropose
thatthat
thethe
St.st.
Peter'speter
areaarea
ofof
Stamfordstamford
wasbe
thethe
sitesite
ofof
Hengist'shengist
towntown
,,
despitedespite
thethe
factfact
thatthat
Stamfordstamford
hashave
nevernever
beenbe
inin
Lindseylindsey
..
Thisthis
showsshow
Stukeley'sstukeley
keenkeen
topographicaltopographical
eyeeye
andand
fancifulfanciful
imaginationimagination
,,
butbut
whilstwhilst
thethe
St.st.
Peter'speter
areaarea
isbe
oneone
ofof
thethe
oldestold
placesplace
ofof
settlementsettlement
andand
hashave
aa
regularisedregularise
streetstreet
patternpattern
,,
likelike
thethe
restrest
ofof
thethe
towntown
itit
doesdo
notnot
predatepredate
thethe
ninthninth
centurycentury
..
Thethe
accountaccount
ofof
Vortigern'svortigern
marriagemarriage
toto
Hengist'shengist
daughterdaughter
isbe
firstfirst
mentionedmention
inin
thethe
earlyearly
ninthninth
centurycentury
Historiahistoria
Brittonumbrittonum
,,
formerlyformerly
attributedattribute
toto
Nenniusnennius
((
wherewhere
howeverhowever
Rowenarowena
isbe
notnot
namedname
))
..
Itit
wasbe
filledfill
outout
andand
popularisedpopularise
byby
Geoffreygeoffrey
ofof
Monmouthmonmouth
andand
wasbe
simplysimply
incorporatedincorporate
intointo
thethe
Stamfordstamford
legendlegend
byby
Stukeleystukeley
..
pp
3636
::
illustrationillustration
STAMFORDstamford
ASas
THEthe
SEATseat
OFof
THEthe
MERCIANmercian
GOVERNMENTgovernment
&and
thethe
Foundationfoundation
ofof
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
Priorypriory
THEthe
IMPORTANCEimportance
ofof
Hengist'shengist
Saxonsaxon
towntown
andand
thethe
ancientancient
universityuniversity
mademake
Stamfordstamford
thethe
idealideal
locationlocation
forfor
thethe
sitingsiting
ofof
thethe
Mercianmercian
courtcourt
andand
governmentgovernment
..
Thethe
towntown
wasbe
notnot
liableliable
toto
attackattack
owing to
owingowing
toto
itsits
geographicalgeographical
positionposition
andand
extensiveextensive
fortificationsfortification
andand
itit
wasbe
situatedsituate
nearnear
thethe
Fensfens
fromfrom
whichwhich
thethe
wordword
""
Merciamercia
""
originatedoriginate
..
Stamfordstamford
becamebecome
thethe
capitalcapital
ofof
aa
hugehuge
kingdomkingdom
extendingextend
rightright
acrossacross
centralcentral
Englandengland
((
itit
isbe
stillstill
referredrefer
toto
asas
thethe
capitalcapital
ofof
thethe
Fensfens
))
andand
Kingking
Pendapenda
((
c.circa
577577
--
655655
))
,,
thethe
lastlast
paganpagan
Kingking
ofof
Merciamercia
,,
hadhave
hishis
palacepalace
herehere
..
Inin
658658
Kingking
Alchfrithalchfrith
ofof
Northumbrianorthumbria
heldhold
hishis
courtcourt
atat
Stamfordstamford
andand
hehe
grantedgrant
St.st.
Wilfridwilfrid
,,
laterlate
bishopbishop
ofof
Yorkyork
,,
landland
toto
foundfound
aa
monasterymonastery
inin
thethe
towntown
..
Byby
thethe
Wellandwelland
St.st.
Wilfridwilfrid
builtbuild
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
Priorypriory
,,
aa
masterpiecemasterpiece
ofof
Anglo-Saxonanglo-saxon
architecturearchitecture
,,
befittingbefit
itsits
statusstatus
asas
thethe
firstfirst
religiousreligious
househouse
inin
allall
Merciamercia
..
Samuelsamuel
Sharpsharp
,,
tellstell
usus
thatthat
onon
Wilfrid'swilfrid
deathdeath
thethe
monksmonk
ofof
thethe
priorypriory
helpedhelp
toto
carrycarry
hishis
bodybody
fromfrom
Oundleoundle
inin
Northamptonshirenorthamptonshire
toto
Riponripon
Abbeyabbey
,,
wherewhere
hehe
wasbe
buriedbury
..
Thisthis
beautifulbeautiful
priorypriory
ofof
St.st.
Leonard'sleonard
,,
originallyoriginally
belongingbelong
toto
thethe
Holyholy
Isleisle
ofof
Lindisfarnelindisfarne
,,
wasbe
laterlate
destroyeddestroy
byby
maraudingmarauding
Danesdane
andand
wasbe
onlyonly
rebuiltrebuild
inin
10821082
withwith
thethe
co-operationco-operation
ofof
Williamwilliam
thethe
Conquerorconqueror
..
according to
Accordingaccording
toto
Arthurarthur
Meemee
,,
thethe
newnew
priorypriory
wasbe
designeddesign
byby
Williamwilliam
Carileffcarileff
,,
thethe
greatgreat
Normannorman
architectarchitect
ofof
Durhamdurham
Cathedralcathedral
..
Kingking
Alchfrithalchfrith
alsoalso
builtbuild
St.st.
Peter'speter
churchchurch
whichwhich
wasbe
thethe
firstfirst
churchchurch
inin
Stamfordstamford
andand
allall
Merciamercia
..
Itit
wasbe
builtbuild
onon
thethe
sitesite
ofof
thethe
forumforum
ofof
Hengist'shengist
Roman-styleroman-style
towntown
in front of
inin
frontfront
ofof
thethe
greatgreat
castlecastle
..
Writingwriting
inin
hishis
diarydiary
,,
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
takestake
hishis
friendfriend
""
Panagiuspanagius
""
toto
seesee
aa
supposedsupposed
doorwaydoorway
ofof
itit
..
Panagiuspanagius
modestlymodestly
declaresdeclare
::
Thethe
wholewhole
legendlegend
startsstart
fromfrom
aa
misinterpretationmisinterpretation
byby
Johnjohn
Wessingtonwessington
,,
Priorprior
ofof
Durhamdurham
((
1416-461416-46
))
,,
ofof
Bede'sbede
eighth-centuryeighth-century
accountaccount
ofof
Kingking
Alchfrithalchfrith
grantinggrant
Wilfridwilfrid
landland
inin
""
Stanfordstanford
""
andand
aa
monasterymonastery
inin
Riponripon
..
Althoughalthough
Wilfridwilfrid
diddo
evangeliseevangelise
Merciamercia
andand
foundedfound
aa
sitesite
atat
Oundleoundle
inin
Northamptonshirenorthamptonshire
,,
itit
isbe
probableprobable
thethe
referencereference
isbe
toto
anotheranother
Stamfordstamford
,,
asas
thethe
namename
wasbe
notnot
uncommonuncommon
andand
Alchfrithalchfrith
isbe
unlikelyunlikely
toto
havehave
ownedown
anyany
landland
inin
thisthis
areaarea
..
Therethere
isbe
nono
mentionmention
ofof
aa
monasterymonastery
andand
itit
isbe
likelylikely
thethe
Riponripon
referencereference
hashave
beenbe
confusedconfused
withwith
thethe
""
Stanfordstanford
""
entryentry
..
Thethe
10821082
connectionconnection
isbe
alsoalso
spuriousspurious
andand
thethe
firstfirst
mentionmention
ofof
thethe
Priorypriory
isbe
inin
11461146
,,
implyingimply
itit
wasbe
foundedfound
byby
Durhamdurham
atat
thethe
beginningbeginning
ofof
thethe
twelfthtwelfth
centurycentury
..
Thethe
survivingsurviving
structurestructure
alsoalso
datesdate
fromfrom
thatthat
timetime
..
Thethe
ideaidea
thatthat
Stamfordstamford
wasbe
thethe
centrecentre
ofof
Mercianmercian
governmentgovernment
wasbe
inventedinvent
byby
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
inin
thethe
1730s1730
fromfrom
hishis
beliefbelief
thatthat
Alchfrithalchfrith
hadhave
heldhold
hishis
courtcourt
herehere
andand
thatthat
itit
hadhave
formerlyformerly
beenbe
Hengist'shengist
towntown
..
Thethe
conceptconcept
ofof
aa
centrecentre
ofof
governmentgovernment
inin
earlyearly
Anglo-Saxonanglo-saxon
Englandengland
,,
thoughthough
,,
isbe
nonsensenonsense
asas
thethe
kingking
wouldwould
traveltravel
aroundaround
hishis
kingdomkingdom
,,
andand
wherewhere
thethe
kingking
wasbe
,,
thethe
governmentgovernment
wasbe
..
Thethe
termterm
""
Merciamercia
""
actuallyactually
derivesderive
fromfrom
""
Merciansmercian
""
,,
meaningmean
""
Border-folkborder-folk
""
..
as for
Asas
forfor
St.st.
Peter'speter
churchchurch
,,
itit
wasbe
probablyprobably
thethe
""
mothermother
churchchurch
""
ofof
Stamfordstamford
,,
andand
isbe
mentionedmention
inin
Domesdaydomesday
..
Itit
couldcould
datedate
backback
asas
farfar
asas
thethe
middlemiddle
ofof
thethe
ninthninth
centurycentury
andand
wasbe
closelyclosely
associatedassociate
withwith
thethe
laterlate
castlecastle
..
Itit
closedclose
inin
thethe
mid-sixteenthmid-sixteenth
centurycentury
..
ROGERroger
BACONbacon
ANDand
THEthe
BRAZENOSEbrazenose
HEADhead
Milesmiles
keptkeep
vigilvigil
byby
thethe
doordoor
butbut
beganbegin
toto
growgrow
tiredtired
..
Reproducedreproduce
fromfrom
Francisfrancis
Peck'speck
Annalsannals
,,
17271727
..
Decorationdecoration
fromfrom
Francisfrancis
Peck'speck
Annalsannals
,,
17271727
..
St.st.
Thomas'thomas
doordoor
fromfrom
aa
drawingdrawing
byby
Williamwilliam
Stukeleystukeley
,,
17351735
..
Thisthis
viewview
wasbe
thenthen
copiedcopy
byby
laterlate
writerswriter
..
THEthe
LANCASTRIANlancastrian
SACKsack
OFof
STAMFORDstamford
INin
14611461
Bentleybentley
Woodwood
,,
writingwrite
inin
18891889
,,
picturedpicture
thethe
terribleterrible
scenescene
::
Riverriver
conduitsconduit
andand
drainsdrain
arebe
alsoalso
mistakenmistake
forfor
tunnelstunnel
..
HEREWARDhereward
THEthe
WAKEwake
&and
THEthe
WOLFwolf
HUGHhugh
OFof
LINCOLNlincoln
&and
THEthe
SHOEMAKERshoemaker
Soso
muchmuch
forfor
thatthat
traditiontradition
..
Inin
aa
""
stopstop
runrun
""
organisedorganise
byby
thethe
landlordlandlord
ofof
thethe
Halfhalf
Moonmoon
onon
St.st.
Paul'spaul
Streetstreet
duringduring
Christmaschristmas
17761776
,,
thethe
Mercurymercury
reportedreport
thatthat
""
severalseveral
peoplepeople
werebe
toss'dtoss
,,
andand
oneone
manman
,,
terriblyterribly
bruis'dbruise
andand
gor'dgore
inin
thethe
faceface
,,
byby
whichwhich
itit
isbe
fear'dfear
hehe
willwill
loselose
oneone
ofof
hishis
eyeseye
""
andand
inin
17851785
thethe
underbutlerunderbutler
ofof
Burghleyburghley
Househouse
wasbe
killedkill
whenwhen
thethe
bullbull
suddenlysuddenly
turnedturn
onon
himhim
..
Arthurarthur
Browningbrowning
,,
thethe
sonson
ofof
Stamfordstamford
architectarchitect
Edwardedward
Browningbrowning
,,
whowho
wasbe
atat
thethe
schoolschool
inin
thethe
1870's1870
,,
reportsreport
thatthat
""
Thethe
initiationinitiation
ofof
thethe
newnew
boysboy
kissingkiss
thethe
faceface
ofof
thethe
""
Oldold
Man'man'
""
,,
whichwhich
formsform
thethe
keystonekeystone
ofof
thethe
churchchurch
doordoor
,,
wasbe
seldomseldom
practisedpractise
""
andand
J.j.
H.h.
Boamboam
ofof
thethe
samesame
periodperiod
recalledrecall
thatthat
thethe
ceremonyceremony
wasbe
onlyonly
undertakenundertake
ifif
aa
pupilpupil
hadhave
donedo
anythinganything
toto
dishonourdishonour
thethe
schoolschool
..
Joanjoan
roderide
homehome
,,
herher
heartheart
heavyheavy
asas
leadlead
..
Sheshe
liftedlift
thethe
latchlatch
andand
wentgo
indoorsindoors
..
""
Mamamama
??
""
sheshe
calledcall
fromfrom
thethe
thresholdthreshold
..
Ii
ambe
backback
ââ
homehome
againagain
safesafe
andand
soundsound
..
""
Mamamama
,,
arebe
youyou
poorlypoorly
??
""
Bessbess
Halidonhalidon
wasbe
deaddead
ââ
thoughthough
notnot
yetyet
coldcold
..
Itit
mustmust
havehave
beenbe
justjust
afterafter
Ii
leftleave
,,
thoughtthink
Joanjoan
..
Mamamama
mustmust
havehave
feltfeel
poorlypoorly
,,
draggeddrag
herselfherself
upstairsupstairs
andand
waitedwait
forfor
Mothermother
Nevilleneville
whowho
doesdo
thethe
laying-outlaying-out
..
Ii
mustmust
gogo
rightright
awayaway
..
Tearstear
werebe
forfor
laterlate
::
Wasbe
notnot
sheshe
Bessbess
Halidon'shalidon
daughterdaughter
??
Sheshe
mustmust
keepkeep
busybusy
,,
seesee
toto
thingsthing
..
Sheshe
wasbe
besetbeset
ofof
aa
suddensudden
byby
aa
greatgreat
fearfear
::
Sheshe
wasbe
utterlyutterly
alonealone
nownow
..
Ii
havehave
nonenone
inin
thethe
wholewhole
worldworld
toto
callcall
mymy
ownown
..
Andand
Ii
tootoo
couldcould
taketake
inin
washingwashing
â¦â¦
""
Framlinghamframlingham
Hallhall
sprangspring
toto
mindmind
atat
thatthat
pointpoint
..
Itit
wasbe
thenthen
thatthat
thethe
thoughtthought
struckstrike
herher
..
Itit
wasbe
thenthen
thatthat
thethe
tearstear
fellfall
..
""
Soso
youyou
'vehave
gotget
youryour
ownown
wayway
after all
afterafter
allall
..
""
Herher
Gracegrace
isbe
atat
homehome
..
Waitwait
herehere
andand
Ii
willwill
enquireenquire
as to
asas
toto
ana
appointmentappointment
..
""
Ii
'mbe
sorrysorry
,,
Youryour
Gracegrace
â¦â¦
""
Whatwhat
dodo
youyou
saysay
??
""
""
Thethe
ladylady
Anneanne
needsneed
youyou
..
Onceonce
thatthat
'sbe
donedo
â¦â¦
""
Anneanne
wasbe
approachingapproach
herher
thirteenththirteenth
birthdaybirthday
andand
Kingking
Edwardedward
consideredconsider
itit
timetime
thatthat
sheshe
andand
hishis
sonson
Princeprince
Richardrichard
,,
thenthen
tenten
yearsyear
ofof
ageage
,,
becamebecome
bettergood
acquaintedacquaint
..
Howhow
sweetsweet
!!
saidsay
thethe
guestsguest
..
Howhow
delightfuldelightful
theythey
arebe
togethertogether
!!
""
Wewe
cancan
notnot
havehave
allall
thatthat
wewe
desiredesire
inin
thisthis
lifelife
,,
""
pointedpoint
outout
Joanjoan
inin
aa
tonetone
remarkablyremarkably
likelike
thatthat
ofof
theirtheir
confessorconfessor
,,
Fatherfather
Powickepowicke
..
Althoughalthough
sheshe
accompaniedaccompany
Anneanne
toto
mostmost
ofof
herher
subsequentsubsequent
meetingsmeeting
withwith
thethe
royalroyal
familyfamily
,,
Joanjoan
diddo
soso
asas
ana
adjunctadjunct
,,
aa
chaperonchaperon
,,
toto
thethe
elderold
girlgirl
..
Joanjoan
,,
thoughthough
Anne'sanne
juniorjunior
byby
aa
yearyear
andand
notnot
yetyet
fullyfully
accustomedaccustom
toto
thethe
waysway
ofof
thethe
nobilitynobility
,,
wasbe
by far
byby
farfar
thethe
moremuch
worldly-wiseworldly-wise
ofof
thethe
twotwo
..
Availableavailable
withwith
bristlesbristle
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nylonnylon
quillsquill
..
Telephonetelephone
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youryour
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..
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isbe
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..
Eacheach
packpack
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colourantcolourant
,,
protectiveprotective
capecape
andand
glovesglove
..
Montagnemontagne
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havehave
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completelycompletely
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Specialspecial
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youyou
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askask
youryour
locallocal
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salonsalon
..
Thethe
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isbe
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withwith
farfar
moremore
glamourglamour
..
Longerlong
hairhair
isbe
becomingbecome
popularpopular
,,
especiallyespecially
longlong
,,
curlycurly
stylesstyle
..
DAVIDdavid
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,,
Belfastbelfast
andand
Bangorbangor
..
Thisthis
multipurposemultipurpose
stylingstyling
brushbrush
isbe
idealideal
forfor
straightstraight
hairhair
..
Alternativelyalternatively
youyou
cancan
callcall
forfor
theirtheir
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cataloguecatalogue
..
Relaxrelax
forfor
fifteenfifteen
minutesminute
,,
thenthen
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offoff
withwith
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..
Youyou
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findfind
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,,
butbut
Thethe
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aa
goodgood
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ofof
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..
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atat
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,,
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,,
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..
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everyevery
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,,
youyou
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,,
atat
aa
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4.574.57
..
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atat
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..
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££
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inin
thethe
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,,
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..
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ifif
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..
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eithereither
,,
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eacheach
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hashave
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issueissue
andand
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netnet
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Poundspound
100100
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..
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""
,,
sayssay
aa
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..
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wowill
n'tnot
bebe
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onon
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SHARESshare
inin
Bradford-basedbradford-based
supermarketssupermarket
groupgroup
Williamwilliam
Morrisonmorrison
shouldshould
getget
aa
boostboost
thisthis
morningmorning
..
Thethe
firmfirm
emergesemerge
asas
Britain'sbritain
toptop
performingperforming
companycompany
overover
thethe
lastlast
fivefive
yearsyear
..
Itit
alsoalso
hashave
ana
unbrokenunbroken
20-year20-year
recordrecord
ofof
profitsprofit
growthgrowth
..
Williamwilliam
Morrisonmorrison
isbe
thethe
starstar
turnturn
ofof
aa
surveysurvey
byby
thethe
Instituteinstitute
ofof
Directorsdirector
,,
ofof
Britain'sbritain
1,0001,000
biggestbig
companiescompany
byby
salessale
..
Numbernumber
146146
byby
salessale
valuevalue
,,
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profitprofit
performanceperformance
sincesince
19831983
outstripsoutstrip
themthem
allall
..
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,,
itit
mademake
£pound
99
mmillion
onon
salessale
ofof
£pound
223223
mmillion
..
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thatthat
wasbe
Poundspound
6363
mmillion
onon
salessale
ofof
£pound
1.11.1
bnbillion
..
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narrowlynarrowly
beatbeat
muchmuch
biggerbig
rivalrival
andand
fellowfellow
supermarketssupermarket
groupgroup
Jj
Sainsburysainsbury
toto
thethe
toptop
slotslot
,,
andand
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Tescotesco
..
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onon
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shortlistshortlist
werebe
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because of
becausebecause
ofof
recentrecent
spotsspot
onon
theirtheir
recordrecord
..
Transporttransport
andand
trailerstrailer
groupgroup
Tiphooktiphook
sawsee
aa
recentrecent
dipdip
inin
operatingoperating
profitsprofit
andand
earnings-per-shareearnings-per-share
..
Constructionconstruction
andand
engineeringengineering
firmfirm
BMbm
Groupgroup
hithit
controversycontroversy
overover
itsits
accountingaccounting
practicespractice
,,
andand
itsits
chairmanchairman
resignedresign
because of
becausebecause
ofof
ill-healthill-health
.
Engineeringengineering
groupgroup
Harlandharland
Simonsimon
ranrun
intointo
lossesloss
,,
hadhave
itsits
sharesshare
suspendedsuspend
,,
andand
lostlose
itsits
chairmanchairman
andand
financefinance
directordirector
..
Withwith
competitioncompetition
likelike
thethe
lastlast
twotwo
,,
isbe
Williamwilliam
Morrisonmorrison
reallyreally
thatthat
greatgreat
??
""
Yesyes
,,
""
saysay
Citycity
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ofof
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itit
quietlyquietly
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patchpatch
andand
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onon
withwith
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..
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bewarebeware
,,
howeverhowever
::
thethe
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arebe
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tightlytightly
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..
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theythey
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forfor
joyjoy
todaytoday
holdhold
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untiluntil
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upup
againagain
..
Waterwater
companiescompany
camecome
out of
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ofof
thethe
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wellwell
,,
withwith
thethe
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privatisedprivatised
companiescompany
allall
onon
thethe
toptop
2424
profit-makers'profit-maker
listlist
..
Theirtheir
latestlate
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profitsprofit
werebe
betweenbetween
2626
%percent
--
5454
%percent
ofof
salessale
..
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hanghang
onon
toto
thosethose
sharesshare
..
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arebe
alsoalso
aa
goodgood
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againstagainst
allall
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andand
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ragingrage
inin
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thisthis
Guyguy
Fawkesfawkes
weekweek
..
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Nigelnigel
Hawkinshawkins
ofof
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Govettgovett
hashave
beenbe
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switchswitch
out of
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ofof
electricityelectricity
sharesshare
nownow
intointo
waterwater
stocksstock
..
((
Butbut
electricityelectricity
sharesshare
arebe
stillstill
aa
safesafe
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))
..
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arebe
giltsgilt
,,
especiallyespecially
ifif
youyou
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toto
themthem
beforebefore
thethe
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ââ
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ââ
interestinterest
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..
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,,
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aa
higherhigh
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..
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,,
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pricesprice
riserise
whenwhen
interestinterest
ratesrate
fallfall
,,
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shouldshould
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ofof
aa
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..
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,,
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againagain
,,
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youryour
incomeincome
andand
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fromfrom
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..
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index-linkedindex-linked
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protectionprotection
wellwell
intointo
thethe
nextnext
centurycentury
..
Biggestbig
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byby
salessale
inin
thethe
IODiod
surveysurvey
arebe
BPbp
,,
atat
£pound
32.632.6
bnbillion
,,
andand
Unileverunilever
atat
£pound
23.223.2
bnbillion
,,
followedfollow
byby
BTbt
,,
ICIici
andand
ââ
soso
farfar
ââ
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
..
BATbat
,,
Britishbritish
Gasgas
,,
Grandgrand
Metropolitanmetropolitan
,,
Sainsburysainsbury
,,
andand
Hansonhanson
((
atat
£pound
7.77.7
bnbillion
))
completecomplete
thatthat
toptop
tenten
..
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thethe
bigbig
boysboy
earningearn
thethe
bestgood
returnreturn
onon
theirtheir
assetsasset
soso
farfar
arebe
GECgec
,,
BTRbtr
,,
Unileverunilever
,,
Marksmarks
andand
Spencerspencer
,,
andand
Sainsburysainsbury
..
Marginsmargin
andand
jobsjob
arebe
stillstill
shrinkingshrink
inin
manymany
industriesindustry
andand
corporatecorporate
debtdebt
hashave
doubleddouble
inin
thethe
lastlast
fivefive
yearsyear
..
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biggestbig
1,0001,000
Britishbritish
companiescompany
nownow
oweowe
aa
totaltotal
ofof
£pound
114.4114.4
billionbillion
betweenbetween
themthem
..
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withwith
salessale
overover
£pound
500500
mmillion
havehave
seensee
totaltotal
debtdebt
riserise
byby
7676
%percent
;;
andand
withwith
recessionrecession
inin
fullfull
swingswing
arebe
likelylikely
toto
continuecontinue
scalingscale
backback
jobsjob
,,
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surveysurvey
warnswarn
..
IODiod
Directordirector
Generalgeneral
Peterpeter
Morganmorgan
wantswant
ana
instantinstant
22
%percent
interestinterest
raterate
cutcut
toto
liftlift
thethe
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..
Thamesthames
profitsprofit
flowflow
inin
PROFITSprofit
newsnews
fromfrom
Thamesthames
tomorrowtomorrow
launchlaunch
thethe
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wavewave
ofof
waterwater
companycompany
figuresfigure
..
Half-timehalf-time
figuresfigure
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
showshow
aa
44
%percent
riserise
toto
£pound
123123
mmillion
andand
aa
dividenddividend
increaseincrease
toto
6.96.9
ppenny
..
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giantgiant
Sainsburysainsbury
checkscheck
outout
interiminterim
figuresfigure
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
..
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growthgrowth
helpedhelp
byby
lastlast
year'syear
rightsright
issueissue
andand
improvedimproved
salessale
shouldshould
markmark
upup
profitsprofit
2222
%percent
toto
£pound
400400
mmillion
,,
sayssay
UBSubs
Phillipsphillips
&and
Drewdrew
..
Aa
dividividend
ofof
2.752.75
ppence
isbe
expectedexpect
..
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groupgroup
BATbat
revealsreveal
thirdthird
quarterquarter
figuresfigure
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
..
Aa
muchmuch
improvedimprove
performanceperformance
fromfrom
itsits
insuranceinsurance
armarm
Eagleeagle
Starstar
shouldshould
pushpush
profitsprofit
forfor
thethe
ninenine
monthsmonth
overover
thethe
£pound
11
bnbillion
markmark
..
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gloomygloomy
newsnews
isbe
expectedexpect
onon
Thursdaythursday
fromfrom
oiloil
groupgroup
BPbp
..
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quarterquarter
figuresfigure
arebe
likelylikely
toto
showshow
aa
furtherfar
profitsprofit
fallfall
fromfrom
Poundspound
155155
mmillion
toto
£pound
130130
mmillion
,,
withwith
highhigh
gearinggearing
continuingcontinue
toto
posepose
aa
problemproblem
..
Scottishscottish
supermarketsupermarket
groupgroup
Williamwilliam
Lowlow
isbe
findingfind
salessale
squeezedsqueeze
byby
largerlarge
competitorscompetitor
..
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profitsprofit
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
slipslip
fromfrom
£pound
2323
mmillion
toto
£pound
2020
mmillion
,,
withwith
ana
unchangedunchanged
dividividend
ofof
8.48.4
ppence
..
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atat
Unileverunilever
arebe
forecastforecast
toto
riserise
fromfrom
£pound
575575
mmillion
toto
aroundaround
£pound
595595
mmillion
forfor
thethe
thirdthird
quarterquarter
..
TOPtop
people'speople
auctionauction
househouse
,,
Sotheby'ssotheby
isbe
losinglose
moneymoney
handhand
overover
fistfist
..
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inin
thethe
threethree
monthsmonth
toto
end-Septemberend-september
deepeneddeepen
fromfrom
$dollar
1111
mmillion
((
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7.197.19
mmillion
))
toto
$dollar
13.213.2
mmillion
,,
despitedespite
aa
$dollar
15.615.6
mmillion
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inin
auctionauction
salessale
toto
$dollar
88.788.7
mmillion
..
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Michaelmichael
Ll
Ainslieainslie
blamesblame
aa
profitsprofit
slideslide
atat
Acquavellaacquavella
,,
thethe
modernmodern
artart
jointjoint
ventureventure
,,
forfor
thethe
plungeplunge
..
Marlenemarlene
Dietrich'sdietrich
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andand
diamonddiamond
braceletbracelet
,,
soldsell
lastlast
monthmonth
forfor
$dollar
990,000990,000
,,
doubledouble
itsits
estimatedestimated
valuevalue
,,
andand
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auctionauction
ofof
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fromfrom
Waltwalt
Disney'sdisney
Beautybeauty
andand
thethe
Beastbeast
,,
whichwhich
raisedraise
£pound
1.31.3
mmillion
,,
providedprovided
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..
Thethe
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1313
ppence
toto
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ppence
..
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isbe
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Aa
FIERCEfierce
priceprice
warwar
inin
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marketmarket
hashave
takentake
aa
heftyhefty
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out of
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ofof
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atat
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toto
Silversilver
Spoonspoon
sugarsugar
giantgiant
Associatedassociate
Britishbritish
Foodsfood
..
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Garygary
Westonweston
,,
oneone
ofof
thethe
richestrich
menman
inin
Britainbritain
,,
reportsreport
ana
1111
%percent
divedive
inin
full-yearfull-year
profitsprofit
toto
£pound
297297
mmillion
..
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recessionrecession
andand
aa
dropdrop
inin
interestinterest
ratesrate
werebe
alsoalso
responsibleresponsible
forfor
thethe
divedive
..
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Canadiancanadian
Mrmr
Westonweston
isbe
notnot
undulyunduly
concernedconcerned
..
Atat
yesterday'syesterday
priceprice
ofof
443443
ppence
,,
hishis
familyfamily
stakestake
isbe
worthworth
justjust
overover
£pound
1.21.2
bnbillion
ââ
aa
lotlot
ofof
doughdough
..
Hehe
isbe
alsoalso
veryvery
happyhappy
withwith
hishis
Britishbritish
Sugarsugar
acquisitionacquisition
..
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chippedchip
inin
tradingtrading
profitsprofit
ofof
£pound
139139
mmillion
inin
thethe
fullfull
yearyear
onon
turnoverturnover
ofof
Poundspound
700700
mmillion
..
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group'sgroup
cashcash
mountainmountain
,,
hashave
shrunkshrink
..
Atat
thethe
year-endyear-end
,,
cashcash
totalledtotal
£pound
409409
mmillion
,,
aa
dropdrop
ofof
£pound
6161
mmillion
onon
thethe
previousprevious
1212
monthsmonth
..
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profitsprofit
werebe
struckstrike
afterafter
chargingcharge
£pound
1515
mmillion
forfor
rationalisationrationalisation
andand
reorganisationreorganisation
..
Thethe
totaltotal
dividividend
isbe
hikedhike
fromfrom
1313
ppence
toto
1414
ppence
withwith
aa
secondsecond
interiminterim
ofof
5.55.5
ppence
((
4.54.5
ppence
))
..
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inin
Berisfordberisford
andand
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havehave
beenbe
furtherfar
writtenwrite
downdown
resultingresult
inin
ana
extraordinaryextraordinary
chargecharge
ofof
£pound
3131
mmillion
..
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hashave
2020
%percent
ofof
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andand
aa
tinytiny
88
mmillion
sharesshare
inin
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..
Tietie
Rackrack
switchesswitch
onon
withwith
flashyflashy
figuresfigure
TIEStie
emblazonedemblazoned
withwith
Santassantas
andand
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withwith
redred
nosesnose
thatthat
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atat
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touchtouch
ofof
aa
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andand
seductiveseductive
picturespicture
ofof
Marilynmarilyn
Monroemonroe
arebe
allall
partpart
ofof
Tietie
Rack'srack
campaigncampaign
strategystrategy
forfor
Christmaschristmas
..
Soc
arebe
silksilk
waistcoatswaistcoat
andand
blazersblazer
pricedprice
atat
aa
knock-downknock-down
£pound
4545
..
""
Wewe
'rebe
concentratingconcentrate
eveneven
harderhard
onon
givinggive
customerscustomer
whatwhat
theythey
wantwant
thisthis
yearyear
,,
""
sayssay
bossboss
Nigelnigel
McGinleymcginley
..
Hehe
isbe
stillstill
cautiouscautious
aboutabout
forecastingforecasting
whatwhat
willwill
happenhappen
overover
thethe
nextnext
twotwo
monthsmonth
,,
butbut
reckonsreckon
thatthat
Tietie
Rack'srack
low-pricedlow-priced
,,
highhigh
valuevalue
rangesrange
shouldshould
bebe
justjust
thethe
thingthing
toto
tempttempt
recession-bashedrecession-bashed
Christmaschristmas
shoppersshopper
..
Thethe
formerformer
'80s80
highhigh
flierflier
isbe
alreadyalready
wellwell
onon
thethe
wayway
toto
diggingdig
itselfitself
out of
outout
ofof
thethe
messmess
itit
gotget
itselfitself
intointo
aa
fewfew
yearsyear
backback
..
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costcost
controlscontrol
,,
improvedimproved
distributiondistribution
andand
aa
clampdownclampdown
onon
high-spendinghigh-spending
franchiseesfranchisee
helpedhelp
turnturn
aa
nearnear
£pound
11
mmillion
lossloss
intointo
aa
better-than-expectedbetter-than-expected
£pound
301,000301,000
profitprofit
inin
thethe
sixsix
monthsmonth
toto
Augustaugust
1616
..
McGinleymcginley
ratesrate
thethe
1111
%percent
growthgrowth
inin
like-for-likelike-for-like
salessale
""
aa
prettypretty
goodgood
performanceperformance
inin
thethe
deepestdeep
recessionrecession
Ii
'vehave
everever
seensee
..
""
Tietie
Rackrack
openedopen
ninenine
storesstore
andand
closedclose
fourfour
inin
thethe
firstfirst
halfhalf
,,
andand
plansplan
toto
havehave
openedopen
anotheranother
1414
byby
thethe
year-endyear-end
,,
ofof
whichwhich
at least
atat
leastleast
fivefive
willwill
bebe
inin
thethe
UKuk
..
Thethe
4343
USus
andand
2121
Canadiancanadian
storesstore
arebe
onon
thethe
mendmend
at last
atat
lastlast
,,
butbut
McGinleymcginley
hashave
hishis
sightssight
fixedfix
onon
expansionexpansion
inin
Europeeurope
..
Thethe
groupgroup
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aa
storestore
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
thisthis
yearyear
,,
itsits
firstfirst
inin
thethe
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Easteast
..
Thethe
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53½53½
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..
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offoff
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Crestcrest
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itsits
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yesterdayyesterday
withwith
thethe
appointmentappointment
ofof
financialfinancial
publicpublic
relationsrelation
expertsexpert
Dewedewe
Rogersonrogerson
..
Thethe
companycompany
,,
ownedown
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thethe
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Marketingmarketing
Boardboard
,,
isbe
Britain'sbritain
biggestbig
cheesecheese
makermaker
withwith
Cheddarcheddar
,,
Cheshirecheshire
,,
Doubledouble
Gloucestergloucester
andand
Cloverclover
blendedblend
spreadspread
onon
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..
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yearyear
itit
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thethe
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ofof
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profitsprofit
withwith
£pound
45.545.5
mmillion
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£pound
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£pound
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exceptionalexceptional
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..
Aa
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bebe
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,,
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couldcould
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fewfew
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..
Poundpound
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THEthe
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aa
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yesterdayyesterday
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..
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againstagainst
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atat
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andand
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onon
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,,
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wewe
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leastleast
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1515
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£pound
2020
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wipedwipe
offoff
..
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FT-SEft-se
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notchednotch
upup
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..
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dollar-orientateddollar-orientated
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..
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Furniturefurniture
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ppence
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ppence
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ana
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..
Euroeuro
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inin
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ppoint
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ppoint
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aa
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inin
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..
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,,
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88
ppoint
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480480
ppoint
..
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4646
ppoint
..
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ppoint
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Aa
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thethe
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profitsprofit
toto
£pound
620620
mmillion
..
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inin
linklink
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THEthe
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Ee
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aa
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thethe
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yesterdayyesterday
withwith
aa
newnew
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..
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Electricityelectricity
isbe
toto
joinjoin
Easterneastern
andand
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Electricelectric
inin
aa
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ventureventure
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createcreate
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..
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Aprilapril
11
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andand
itsits
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willwill
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toto
thethe
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,,
withwith
Midlandsmidlands
holdinghold
2828
%percent
ofof
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..
Thethe
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widewide
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andand
whitewhite
electricalelectrical
goodsgoods
..
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Rossross
,,
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Electricelectric
bossboss
,,
saidsay
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willwill
""
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positionposition
inin
thethe
highhigh
streetstreet
""
..
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Foodsfood
inin
£pound
9696
mmillion
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FOODfood
,,
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andand
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giantgiant
GrandMetgrandmet
hashave
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offoff
thethe
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unitunit
ofof
Expressexpress
Foodsfood
inin
aa
managementmanagement
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worthworth
£pound
9696
mmillion
..
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representsrepresent
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ofof
GrandMet'sgrandmet
£pound
550550
mmillion
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ofof
Expressexpress
..
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Allenallen
Sheppardsheppard
,,
GrandMetgrandmet
chairmanchairman
,,
saidsay
thethe
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leavesleave
himhim
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focusfocus
onon
thethe
group'sgroup
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ofof
""
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highlyhighly
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..
""
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ledlead
byby
Expressexpress
managingmanaging
directordirector
Rogerroger
Davenportdavenport
withwith
backingbacking
fromfrom
outsideoutside
investorsinvestor
..
Grandmetgrandmet
sharesshare
jumpedjump
77
ppoint
toto
419419
ppoint
..
RIVALrival
Alliedallied
Lyonslyons
hashave
putput
itsits
toptop
rankingranking
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,,
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Latourlatour
,,
upup
forfor
salesale
..
Itit
couldcould
fetchfetch
up to
upup
toto
£pound
120120
mmillion
,,
according to
accordingaccording
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analystsanalyst
..
Thethe
favouritefavourite
toto
concludeconclude
aa
dealdeal
isbe
Axaaxa
Midimidi
,,
thethe
Frenchfrench
insurerinsurer
..
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bidbid
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overover
TVStvs
Aa
WHITEwhite
Knightknight
hashave
gallopedgallop
toto
thethe
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ofof
TVStvs
Entertainmententertainment
,,
thethe
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itsits
money-spinningmoney-spinning
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franchisefranchise
inin
thethe
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..
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appearedappear
as soon as
asas
soonsoon
asas
thethe
stockstock
marketmarket
openedopen
,,
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TVStvs
bossboss
Rudolphrudolph
Agnewagnew
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keepingkeep
hishis
identityidentity
aa
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itit
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bebe
USus
firmfirm
TCWtcw
Capitalcapital
..
Therethere
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alreadyalready
ana
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worthworth
£pound
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mmillion
fromfrom
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Familyfamily
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((
IFEife
))
,,
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Patpat
Robertsonrobertson
,,
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reckonreckon
itit
isbe
notnot
enoughenough
..
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comprisescomprise
aa
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2323
ppenny
aa
shareshare
andand
4343
ppenny
perper
preferencepreference
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,,
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irateirate
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saysay
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4646
ppenny
aa
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thethe
companycompany
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voluntaryvoluntary
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..
TVStvs
sharesshare
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4½4½
ppoint
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2626
ppoint
onon
thethe
newsnews
andand
therethere
isbe
speculationspeculation
thatthat
aa
majormajor
battlebattle
couldcould
bebe
inin
thethe
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..
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,,
bestgood
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forfor
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,,
isbe
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inin
Decemberdecember
..
Itit
lostlose
itsits
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toto
Meridianmeridian
Broadcastingbroadcasting
,,
thethe
MAImai
companycompany
runrun
byby
Labourlabour
peerpeer
Lordlord
Hollickhollick
..
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itit
hashave
aa
pilepile
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cashcash
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highlyhighly
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MTMmtm
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,,
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..
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suchsuch
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Streetstreet
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,,
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Grantgrant
,,
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Eveningevening
Shadeshade
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aa
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..
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atat
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THAMESthames
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offoff
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inin
Surreysurrey
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ofof
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yesterdayyesterday
..
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London'slondon
waterwater
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fellfall
77
ppoint
toto
485485
ppoint
inin
aa
risingrising
stockstock
marketmarket
afterafter
thethe
companycompany
announcedannounce
aa
profitsprofit
increaseincrease
ofof
justjust
55
%percent
toto
£pound
124124
mmillion
toto
end-Septemberend-september
..
Chiefchief
executiveexecutive
Mikemike
Hoffmanhoffman
boastedboast
ofof
nono
hose-pipehosepipe
bansban
againagain
thisthis
summersummer
..
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allall
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usersuser
willwill
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coughcough
upup
£pound
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aa
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..
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hashave
cutcut
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
Thames'sthames
commercialcommercial
customerscustomer
andand
hashave
virtuallyvirtually
killedkill
offoff
profitsprofit
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sellingsell
redundantredundant
propertiesproperty
..
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costcost
controlscontrol
havehave
helpedhelp
offsetoffset
thethe
worstbad
effectseffect
ofof
thethe
downturndownturn
,,
sayssay
chairmanchairman
Sirsir
Royroy
Wattswatts
..
Thethe
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88
%percent
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6.96.9
ppenny
..
FT-SEft-se
hashave
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highhigh
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inin
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ratesrate
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forfor
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Toriestory
inin
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..
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2713.42713.4
,,
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..
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closedclose
atat
2705.62705.6
,,
forfor
aa
riserise
ofof
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pointspoint
..
Storesstore
,,
housebuildershousebuilder
,,
propertiesproperty
andand
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stocksstock
werebe
inin
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..
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giantsgiant
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,,
Wellcomewellcome
andand
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werebe
alsoalso
inin
demanddemand
..
Thethe
poundpound
wasbe
inin
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shapeshape
,,
re-coupingrecoup
somesome
ofof
itsits
lossesloss
againstagainst
thethe
markmark
andand
thethe
dollardollar
..
Howeverhowever
,,
thethe
prospectprospect
ofof
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sweepingsweeping
victoryvictory
forfor
Billbill
Clintonclinton
inin
thethe
USus
electionelection
hithit
US-orientatedus-orientated
stocksstock
inin
thethe
UKuk
..
Therethere
arebe
fearsfear
thatthat
asas
Presidentpresident
hehe
wouldwould
stingsting
themthem
withwith
stifferstiff
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..
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ana
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ofof
18.518.5
%percent
boostedboost
Powerscreenpowerscreen
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274274
ppoint
..
Applianceappliance
companycompany
Kenwoodkenwood
alsoalso
gainedgain
,,
upup
22
ppoint
atat
248248
ppoint
,,
afterafter
aa
£pound
3.53.5
mmillion
acquisitionacquisition
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
..
Aa
dividenddividend
cutcut
hithit
TIPtip
Europeeurope
,,
downdown
1½1½
ppoint
atat
3131
ppoint
..
Sainsburysainsbury
,,
ahead of
aheadahead
ofof
today'stoday
interimsinterim
,,
lostlose
66
ppoint
atat
504504
ppoint
..
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,,
withwith
figuresfigure
tomorrowtomorrow
,,
addedadd
88
ppoint
atat
490490
ppoint
..
Sainsburysainsbury
headinghead
forfor
recordrecord
£pound
750750
mmillion
SUPERMARKETsupermarket
giantgiant
Sainsburysainsbury
threwthrow
downdown
thethe
gauntletgauntlet
toto
Mm
&and
Ss
,,
Tescotesco
andand
Safewaysafeway
yesterdayyesterday
withwith
anotheranother
setset
ofof
sparklingsparkle
resultsresult
..
Inin
thethe
depthdepth
ofof
thethe
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,,
withwith
33
mmillion
joblessjobless
andand
aa
dozensdozens
ofof
businessesbusiness
goinggo
bustbust
everyevery
dayday
,,
thethe
retailerretailer
hashave
provedprove
thatthat
foodfood
isbe
stillstill
aa
bigbig
itemitem
onon
thethe
nation'snation
menumenu
..
Thethe
477-strong477-strong
chainchain
,,
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alsoalso
ownsown
DIYdiy
giantgiant
Homebasehomebase
andand
Savacentresavacentre
,,
hashave
notchednotch
upup
aa
staggeringstaggering
2020
%percent
leapleap
inin
first-halffirst-half
profitsprofit
toto
£pound
391391
mmillion
andand
thethe
targettarget
forfor
thethe
fullfull
yearyear
isbe
ana
all-timeall-time
recordrecord
ofof
£pound
750750
mmillion
..
Itit
isbe
nownow
firmlyfirmly
establishedestablish
asas
thethe
UK'suk
largestlarge
andand
mostmuch
profitableprofitable
foodfood
retailerretailer
andand
whenwhen
Ii
spokespeak
toto
multi-millionairemulti-millionaire
chairmanchairman
Daviddavid
Sainsburysainsbury
yesterdayyesterday
hehe
confirmedconfirm
thatthat
hehe
""
isbe
onon
thethe
brinkbrink
ofof
makingmake
aa
fullfull
scalescale
onslaughtonslaught
intointo
Scotlandscotland
""
..
Aa
combinationcombination
ofof
tighttight
controlscontrol
,,
majormajor
capitalcapital
spendingspending
((
itit
willwill
bebe
£pound
800800
mmillion
thisthis
yearyear
))
andand
competitivecompetitive
pricingpricing
,,
thethe
groupgroup
hashave
widenedwiden
thethe
gapgap
betweenbetween
itselfitself
andand
itsits
rivalsrival
..
Eveneven
Marksmarks
&and
Spencerspencer
standsstand
inin
aweawe
..
Whilewhile
moremuch
ambitiousambitious
retailersretailer
diversifieddiversify
,,
Sainsburysainsbury
stuckstick
toto
itsits
corecore
customercustomer
basebase
andand
itit
hashave
paidpay
offoff
..
Nothingnothing
succeedssucceed
likelike
successsuccess
andand
itit
appliesapply
perfectlyperfectly
toto
thethe
Sainsburysainsbury
familyfamily
,,
theirtheir
100,000100,000
employeesemployee
andand
60,00060,000
shareholdersshareholder
..
Sincesince
19801980
,,
thethe
UKuk
staffstaff
havehave
sharedshare
aa
massivemassive
£pound
250250
mmillion
inin
profitprofit
sharingsharing
hand-outshandout
andand
thisthis
yearyear
thethe
figurefigure
shouldshould
bebe
aroundaround
£pound
5050
mmillion
..
Thethe
twotwo
toptop
menman
atat
thethe
companycompany
ââ
Johnjohn
andand
Daviddavid
,,
whowho
arebe
greatgreat
grandsonsgrandson
ofof
thethe
founderfounder
ââ
arebe
megamega
richrich
..
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havehave
ana
estimatedestimated
343343
mmillion
sharesshare
worthworth
£pound
1.71.7
bnbillion
andand
lastlast
yearyear
thethe
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Daviddavid
receivedreceive
more than
moremore
thanthan
£pound
3030
mmillion
inin
dividendsdividend
alonealone
..
Salessale
inin
thethe
UKuk
supermarketssupermarket
andand
Savacentresavacentre
hypermarketshypermarket
grewgrow
byby
9.59.5
%percent
ââ
thethe
highesthigh
levellevel
forfor
fivefive
yearsyear
ââ
andand
thethe
groupgroup
hashave
grabbedgrab
ana
1111
%percent
marketmarket
shareshare
,,
upup
fromfrom
10.210.2
%percent
lastlast
timetime
..
Ifif
youyou
acquiredacquire
100100
sharesshare
backback
inin
19731973
youyou
wouldwould
havehave
paidpay
£pound
145145
..
Atat
yesterday'syesterday
pricesprice
thatthat
stakestake
wouldwould
havehave
beenbe
worthworth
£pound
7,9007,900
..
FROMfrom
ONEone
SMALLsmall
SHOPshop
SAINSBURYsainsbury
isbe
thethe
classicclassic
taletale
ofof
ragsrag
toto
richesriches
..
Itit
beganbegin
asas
aa
littlelittle
shopshop
sellingselling
butterbutter
,,
milkmilk
andand
eggsegg
inin
London'slondon
Drurydrury
Lanelane
inin
18691869
runrun
byby
Johnjohn
andand
Marymary
Sainsburysainsbury
..
Byby
thethe
1900s1900
itit
wasbe
ana
establishedestablished
chainchain
withwith
marble-toppedmarble-topped
counterscounter
..
Todaytoday
thethe
familyfamily
isbe
oneone
ofof
thethe
wealthiestwealthy
inin
Britainbritain
..
Grocerygrocery
departmentsdepartment
werebe
introducedintroduce
inin
19201920
andand
cookedcooked
meatsmeat
inin
thethe
1930s1930
..
Thethe
firstfirst
self-serviceself-service
storestore
openedopen
inin
Croydoncroydon
inin
19521952
withwith
thethe
firstfirst
edge-of-townedge-of-town
storestore
appearingappear
inin
19721972
..
Thethe
companycompany
camecome
toto
thethe
stockstock
marketmarket
aa
yearyear
laterlate
..
Itsits
valuevalue
forfor
moneymoney
techniquetechnique
spreadspread
fromfrom
Londonlondon
toto
thethe
Midlandsmidlands
andand
Northnorth
..
Throughthrough
thethe
1970s1970
andand
1980s1980
growthgrowth
wasbe
spectacularspectacular
..
Thethe
firstfirst
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hypermarkethypermarket
openedopen
inin
19771977
followedfollow
byby
computercomputer
check outs
checkcheck
outsouts
andand
Homebasehomebase
inin
19811981
..
Whenwhen
Lordlord
Sainsburysainsbury
becamebecome
chairmanchairman
inin
19691969
,,
profitsprofit
werebe
£pound
4.34.3
mmillion
..
Thisthis
yearyear
theythey
shouldshould
toptop
£pound
750750
mmillion
..
BAT'sbat
birthdaybirthday
billionbillion
TOBACCOtobacco
andand
insuranceinsurance
giantgiant
BATbat
Industriesindustry
hashave
celebratedcelebrate
itsits
90th90th
birthdaybirthday
byby
smashingsmash
throughthrough
thethe
£pound
11
bnbillion
profitsprofit
barrierbarrier
inin
thethe
firstfirst
ninenine
monthsmonth
ofof
thethe
yearyear
..
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toto
end-Septemberend-september
soaredsoar
5656
%percent
toto
£pound
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bnbillion
afterafter
aa
rip-roaringrip-roaring
performanceperformance
byby
bothboth
thethe
tobaccotobacco
armarm
andand
USus
insurerinsurer
,,
Farmersfarmer
..
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wasbe
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goodgood
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fromfrom
previouslypreviously
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Starstar
whichwhich
isbe
nownow
backback
onon
thethe
roadroad
toto
recoveryrecovery
..
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%percent
,,
thanksthanks
toto
thethe
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inin
smokingsmoking
inin
lesslittle
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partspart
ofof
thethe
worldworld
..
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Patrickpatrick
Sheehysheehy
proposedpropose
aa
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toto
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oldold
ironiron
curtaincurtain
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wherewhere
salessale
ofof
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200200
%percent
..
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sayssay
thatthat
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inin
centralcentral
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andand
thethe
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Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
arebe
crazycrazy
aboutabout
Luckylucky
Strikestrike
,,
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,,
Pallpall
Mallmall
andand
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..
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inin
thethe
Farfar
Easteast
,,
thoughthough
Honghong
Kongkong
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..
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andand
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Caribbeancaribbean
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economiceconomic
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toto
boostboost
profitsprofit
..
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Americaamerica
wasbe
alsoalso
aheadahead
..
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thethe
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sideside
,,
Eagleeagle
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inin
Hurricanehurricane
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..
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thethe
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leastleast
matchedmatch
atat
thethe
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..
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roserise
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ppoint
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ppoint
..
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inin
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ITNitn
Newsnews
THEthe
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,,
thethe
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,,
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aa
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yesterdayyesterday
whenwhen
thethe
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decideddecide
toto
extendextend
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Novembernovember
1818
..
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toto
closeclose
atat
33
pmp.m.
yesterdayyesterday
,,
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outout
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..
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ââ
Carltoncarlton
,,
Centralcentral
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,,
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andand
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,,
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thethe
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4040
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thethe
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higherhigh
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..
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thethe
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hashave
scentedscent
victoryvictory
..
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inin
debtdebt
THEthe
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hashave
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toto
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homeshome
arebe
nownow
worthworth
lesslittle
thanthan
theirtheir
mortgagesmortgage
..
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firstfirst
,,
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,,
allowsallow
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useuse
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ownown
homeshome
asas
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forfor
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whowho
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toto
movemove
,,
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cancan
notnot
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toto
paypay
offoff
thethe
originaloriginal
loanloan
firstfirst
..
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planplan
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toto
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andand
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debtdebt
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theirtheir
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..
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ana
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,,
so long as
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enoughenough
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..
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,,
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,,
allowsallow
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,,
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thethe
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,,
toto
aa
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..
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..
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looklook
toto
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Whatwhat
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ofof
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..
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aa
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inin
LONDONlondon
yesterdayyesterday
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..
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..
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,,
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aa
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..
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,,
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winwin
,,
closedclose
withwith
aa
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inin
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..
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,,
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,,
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aa
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thethe
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toto
DMdm
2.432.43
..
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thethe
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..
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;;
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HONGhong
KONGkong
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..
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,,
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,,
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highhigh
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andand
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..
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,,
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,,
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..
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,,
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..
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,,
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thethe
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,,
""
saidsay
Ianian
Amstadamstad
,,
economisteconomist
atat
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Trusttrust
inin
Londonlondon
..
""
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..
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Australiaaustralia
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Sharesshare
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chairmanchairman
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Securicorsecuricor
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Poundspound
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..
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..
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Suffolksuffolk
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sellsell
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£pound
3737
mmillion
intointo
thethe
redred
inin
thethe
ninenine
monthsmonth
toto
Septemberseptember
,,
withwith
mostmost
ofof
thethe
damagedamage
causedcause
byby
insuranceinsurance
claimsclaim
toto
covercover
thethe
hurricanehurricane
..
Centrecentre
bringsbring
healthhealth
tabootaboo
intointo
openopen
Aa
NEWnew
centrecentre
toto
tackletackle
thethe
unmentionableunmentionable
subjectsubject
ofof
incontinenceincontinence
hashave
openedopen
inin
Essexessex
..
Thethe
Colnecolne
Centrecentre
atat
Severallsseveralls
Hospitalhospital
,,
Colchestercolchester
,,
isbe
aimedaim
atat
thethe
estimatedestimated
tenten
per cent
perper
centcent
ofof
thethe
populationpopulation
whowho
suffersuffer
fromfrom
incontinenceincontinence
..
Thethe
jointjoint
ventureventure
betweenbetween
twotwo
NHSnhs
truststrust
inin
thethe
areaarea
willwill
provideprovide
helphelp
andand
adviceadvice
forfor
suffererssufferer
inin
thethe
countycounty
..
Atat
thethe
officialofficial
openingopening
yesterdayyesterday
Colchestercolchester
MPmember of parliament
Bernardbernard
Jenkinjenkin
praisedpraise
thethe
workwork
ofof
thethe
drivingdriving
forcesforce
behindbehind
thethe
projectproject
ââ
Brendabrenda
Cowardcoward
,,
continencecontinence
advisoradvisor
forfor
Essexessex
Riversrivers
Healthcarehealthcare
Trusttrust
andand
Marymary
Kennedykennedy
,,
continencecontinence
advisoradvisor
forfor
Northnorth
Easteast
Essexessex
Mentalmental
Healthhealth
Trusttrust
..
Oneone
ofof
thethe
mainmain
taskstask
ofof
thethe
centrecentre
willwill
bebe
toto
helphelp
peoplepeople
overcomeovercome
theirtheir
embarrassmentembarrassment
..
Aa
surveysurvey
byby
MORImori
estimatesestimate
oneone
inin
fivefive
suffererssufferer
nevernever
telltell
theirtheir
partnerspartner
..
Chiefchief
executiveexecutive
ofof
NEENHTneenht
Christopherchristopher
Bridgebridge
saidsay
::
""
Incontinenceincontinence
unfortunatelyunfortunately
remainsremain
aa
tabootaboo
subjectsubject
..
Butbut
therethere
arebe
aa
numbernumber
ofof
treatmentstreatment
whichwhich
cancan
makemake
ana
enormousenormous
differencedifference
toto
thethe
qualityquality
ofof
people'speople
liveslife
..
""
Attackattack
onon
Britishbritish
breakfastbreakfast
THEthe
traditionaltraditional
Britishbritish
breakfastbreakfast
ofof
eggsegg
,,
baconbacon
andand
bangersbanger
camecome
underunder
attackattack
yesterdayyesterday
onon
healthhealth
groundsground
..
Drdr
Janjan
Stjernswardstjernsward
,,
chiefchief
ofof
thethe
Worldworld
Healthhealth
Organisationorganisation
Cancercancer
Unitunit
,,
saidsay
Britainbritain
neededneed
toto
changechange
itsits
eatingeating
habitshabit
inin
thethe
battlebattle
againstagainst
cancercancer
..
Hehe
toldtell
delegatesdelegate
atat
aa
conferenceconference
inin
Kensingtonkensington
towntown
hallhall
aboutabout
hishis
luxuryluxury
Londonlondon
hotelhotel
::
""
Mymy
goodnessgoodness
,,
whatwhat
aa
breakfastbreakfast
??
Withwith
sausagessausage
,,
hamham
andand
eggsegg
ââ
itit
isbe
soso
unhealthyunhealthy
..
""
Whenwhen
wewe
werebe
huntershunter
,,
twotwo
andand
aa
halfhalf
millionmillion
yearsyear
agoago
roamingroam
roundround
withwith
thethe
monkeysmonkey
,,
onlyonly
15-2015-20
per cent
perper
centcent
ofof
ourour
dietdiet
wasbe
fatfat
..
""
Todaytoday
itit
isbe
40pc-plus40pc-plus
andand
wewe
mustmust
cutcut
itit
downdown
ifif
wewe
arebe
toto
improveimprove
survivalsurvival
ratesrate
ofof
coloncolon
,,
rectalrectal
,,
breastbreast
andand
otherother
cancerscancer
as well as
asas
wellwell
asas
cardio-vascularcardio-vascular
diseasedisease
..
""
Drdr
Stjernswardstjernsward
saidsay
childrenchild
hadhave
toto
bebe
taughtteach
aboutabout
thethe
needneed
toto
eateat
moremuch
freshfresh
greengreen
vegetablesvegetable
andand
fibrefibre
..
Decisiondecision
onon
waterwater
firm'sfirm
planplan
putput
offoff
PLANSplan
forfor
waterwater
treatmenttreatment
workswork
toto
reducereduce
levelslevel
ofof
pollutionpollution
inin
drinkingdrinking
waterwater
havehave
upsetupset
councillorscouncillor
becausebecause
thethe
workswork
wouldwould
bebe
situatedsituate
inin
ana
areaarea
ofof
outstandingoutstanding
naturalnatural
beautybeauty
..
Essexessex
Waterwater
Companycompany
havehave
appliedapply
forfor
permissionpermission
toto
buildbuild
fivefive
newnew
buildingsbuilding
onon
thethe
sitesite
ofof
itsits
existingexisting
Langhamlangham
Valleyvalley
treatmenttreatment
workswork
inin
Boxtedboxted
..
Thethe
waterwater
companycompany
isbe
underunder
ana
obligationobligation
toto
enhanceenhance
drinkingdrinking
waterwater
standardsstandard
because of
becausebecause
ofof
aa
Europeaneuropean
Communitycommunity
directivedirective
andand
isbe
liableliable
toto
bebe
prosecutedprosecute
byby
thethe
UKuk
governmentgovernment
ifif
thethe
improvementsimprovement
havehave
notnot
beenbe
undertakenundertake
byby
thethe
endend
ofof
19951995
..
Membersmember
ofof
Colchestercolchester
Boroughborough
Council'scouncil
planningplanning
committeecommittee
heardhear
objectionsobjection
fromfrom
thethe
Dedhamdedham
Valevale
Societysociety
whowho
considerconsider
thethe
buildingsbuilding
wouldwould
createcreate
aa
""
monumentalmonumental
blotblot
onon
thethe
landscapelandscape
""
..
Dedhamdedham
councillorcouncillor
Georgegeorge
Williamswilliams
commentingcomment
onon
thethe
plansplan
saidsay
::
""
Ana
industrialindustrial
processprocess
isbe
beingbe
broughtbring
intointo
thethe
heartheart
ofof
thethe
Dedhamdedham
Valleyvalley
..
""
Essexessex
Waterwater
isbe
givinggive
aa
presentationpresentation
explainingexplain
itsits
reasonsreason
forfor
thethe
applicationapplication
andand
answeringanswer
questionsquestion
onon
Marchmarch
2525
..
Thethe
planningplanning
committeecommittee
decideddecide
onon
Mondaymonday
eveningevening
toto
deferdefer
itsits
decisiondecision
aboutabout
thethe
applicationapplication
untiluntil
afterafter
thatthat
meetingmeeting
..
Permissionpermission
isbe
beingbe
soughtseek
toto
buildbuild
ana
oxygenoxygen
productionproduction
buildingbuilding
,,
aa
pumppump
househouse
withwith
ana
ozonationozonation
andand
filtrationfiltration
plantplant
,,
aa
chlorinechlorine
househouse
andand
aa
nitratenitrate
removalremoval
plantplant
..
Aa
newnew
serviceservice
roadroad
,,
parkingparking
areaarea
andand
tankertanker
turningturning
areaarea
isbe
alsoalso
proposedpropose
togethertogether
withwith
extensiveextensive
newnew
plantingplanting
onon
thethe
peripheryperiphery
ofof
thethe
sitesite
..
Waterwater
qualityquality
managermanager
atat
Essexessex
Waterwater
Johnjohn
Devalldevall
yesterdayyesterday
saidsay
thethe
mainmain
partpart
ofof
thethe
plantplant
wasbe
forfor
pesticidepesticide
removalremoval
althoughalthough
thethe
companycompany
wasbe
makingmake
aa
provisionprovision
forfor
aa
nitratenitrate
removalremoval
plantplant
..
Allall
Essexessex
Water'swater
waterwater
treatmenttreatment
workswork
havehave
gotget
toto
complycomply
withwith
thethe
ECec
waterwater
directivedirective
andand
thethe
companycompany
isbe
havinghave
toto
spendspend
£pound
8080
millionmillion
onon
newnew
buildingsbuilding
,,
saidsay
Mrmr
Devalldevall
..
""
Wewe
dodo
n'tnot
believebelieve
thatthat
thethe
proposalproposal
willwill
affectaffect
thethe
sitesite
ofof
Dedhamdedham
Valevale
;;
mostmost
ofof
itit
wowill
n'tnot
bebe
visiblevisible
fromfrom
thethe
roadsroad
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
..
Councillorscouncillor
atat
thethe
planningplanning
meetingmeeting
hadhave
expressedexpress
worriesworry
thatthat
nitratesnitrate
wouldwould
bebe
releasedrelease
intointo
thethe
riverriver
Stourstour
whenwhen
effluenteffluent
fromfrom
thethe
plantplant
flowedflow
intointo
thethe
riverriver
..
Mrmr
Devalldevall
saidsay
ifif
thethe
nitratenitrate
removalremoval
plantplant
househouse
wasbe
builtbuild
itit
wouldwould
taketake
waterwater
fromfrom
thethe
Stourstour
,,
removeremove
nitratesnitrate
fromfrom
partpart
ofof
itit
forfor
drinkingdrinking
waterwater
inin
Essexessex
andand
returnreturn
thethe
restrest
intointo
thethe
Stourstour
..
Hehe
saidsay
thatthat
portionportion
returnedreturn
toto
thethe
riverriver
wouldwould
havehave
aa
higherhigh
concentrationconcentration
ofof
nitratesnitrate
butbut
wouldwould
bebe
diluteddilute
veryvery
quicklyquickly
..
Generalgeneral
situationsituation
::
Partspart
ofof
Scotlandscotland
andand
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
willwill
havehave
aa
touchtouch
ofof
frostfrost
at first
atat
firstfirst
,,
butbut
mostmost
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
shouldshould
bebe
frostfrost
freefree
..
Itit
willwill
bebe
anotheranother
coldcold
,,
butbut
largelylargely
drydry
dayday
acrossacross
thethe
countrycountry
..
Therethere
willwill
bebe
aa
lotlot
ofof
cloudcloud
againagain
overover
manymany
partspart
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
,,
althoughalthough
itit
mightmight
becomebecome
a little
aa
littlelittle
brighterbright
atat
timestime
..
Thethe
bestbest
ofof
anyany
brightbright
weatherweather
isbe
expectedexpect
inin
shelteredsheltered
westernwestern
areasarea
ofof
Waleswales
,,
Scotlandscotland
andand
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
..
Aa
fewfew
wintrywintry
showersshower
arebe
likelylikely
inin
easterneastern
partspart
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Scotlandscotland
,,
especiallyespecially
coastalcoastal
countiescounty
..
Fairlyfairly
windywindy
againagain
inin
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
,,
especiallyespecially
inin
thethe
easteast
,,
whichwhich
willwill
makemake
itit
feelfeel
rawraw
..
Easteast
Angliaanglia
::
Scatteredscattered
sleetsleet
andand
snowsnow
showersshower
..
Windwind
north-eastnorth-east
freshfresh
toto
strongstrong
..
Maximummaximum
temperaturetemperature
44
Cc
((
3939
FF
))
..
Outlookoutlook
forfor
tomorrowtomorrow
andand
Fridayfriday
::
Scotlandscotland
willwill
becomebecome
moremuch
cloudycloudy
withwith
aa
littlelittle
rainrain
..
Mostlymostly
drydry
andand
coldcold
elsewhereelsewhere
..
Southernsouthern
Northnorth
Seasea
::
Windwind
north-eastnorth-east
strongstrong
toto
nearnear
galegale
..
Aa
fewfew
wintrywintry
showersshower
..
Visibilityvisibility
goodgood
..
Seasea
roughrough
,,
perhapsperhaps
veryvery
roughrough
..
Sizewellsizewell
Cc
plansplan
awaitawait
outcomeoutcome
ofof
energyenergy
reviewreview
PLANSplan
forfor
aa
£pound
1.61.6
billionbillion
Sizewellsizewell
Cc
nuclearnuclear
powerpower
stationstation
havehave
beenbe
fullyfully
developeddevelop
andand
arebe
""
onon
holdhold
""
pendingpending
thethe
outcomeoutcome
ofof
thethe
Government'sgovernment
energyenergy
reviewreview
,,
locallocal
communitycommunity
leadersleader
werebe
toldtell
lastlast
nightnight
..
Thethe
plansplan
includeinclude
ana
environmentalenvironmental
statementstatement
demandeddemand
byby
ECec
lawlaw
..
Sizewellsizewell
Bb
projectproject
managermanager
Jimjim
McFarlanemcfarlane
toldtell
aa
meetingmeeting
ofof
thethe
locallocal
communitycommunity
liaisonliaison
committeecommittee
::
""
Wewe
believebelieve
thethe
casecase
forfor
moremuch
nuclearnuclear
powerpower
isbe
irresistibleirresistible
butbut
wewe
havehave
toto
seesee
whatwhat
thethe
Governmentgovernment
sayssay
beforebefore
decidingdecide
whetherwhether
toto
submitsubmit
thethe
Cc
stationstation
applicationapplication
..
Thethe
soonersoon
Sizewellsizewell
Cc
isbe
builtbuild
thethe
bettergood
asas
farfar
asas
wewe
'rebe
concernedconcern
..
Mrmr
McFarlanemcfarlane
saidsay
aa
""
temporarytemporary
""
jettyjetty
,,
builtbuild
toto
allowallow
largelarge
piecespiece
ofof
plantplant
toto
bebe
delivereddeliver
toto
thethe
sitesite
,,
wouldwould
notnot
bebe
dismantleddismantle
beforebefore
aa
decisiondecision
wasbe
mademake
onon
thethe
Cc
stationstation
..
Nuclearnuclear
Electricelectric
officialsofficial
agreedagree
toto
aa
requestrequest
fromfrom
Leistonleiston
districtdistrict
councillorcouncillor
Johnjohn
Geatergeater
forfor
detailsdetail
ofof
thethe
costscost
ofof
nuclearnuclear
generationgeneration
toto
bebe
presentedpresent
atat
aa
futurefuture
meetingmeeting
..
Thethe
state-ownedstate-owned
companycompany
claimsclaim
thatthat
nuclearnuclear
isbe
thethe
bestgood
optionoption
forfor
powerpower
generationgeneration
in terms of
inin
termsterms
ofof
economicseconomics
andand
environmentalenvironmental
impactimpact
..
Environmentenvironment
groupsgroup
disagreedisagree
..
Thethe
meetingmeeting
heardhear
thatthat
aa
Sizewellsizewell
Bb
workerworker
hadhave
beenbe
sackedsack
asas
aa
resultresult
ofof
aa
dangerousdangerous
drivingdriving
incidentincident
betweenbetween
Blythburghblythburgh
andand
thethe
sitesite
..
Locallocal
residentsresident
havehave
beenbe
pressingpress
forfor
actionaction
toto
curbcurb
thethe
speedspeed
andand
behaviourbehaviour
ofof
somesome
driversdriver
..
Anotheranother
workerworker
hashave
beenbe
sackedsack
forfor
aa
shopliftingshoplifting
offenceoffence
inin
aa
locallocal
storestore
..
Generalgeneral
::
Rainrain
andand
drizzledrizzle
overover
north-westnorth-west
Scotlandscotland
,,
andand
somesome
snowsnow
onon
thethe
hillshill
at first
atat
firstfirst
,,
willwill
spreadspread
south-eastwardssouth-eastwards
acrossacross
thethe
restrest
ofof
Scotlandscotland
andand
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
..
Thethe
rainrain
willwill
turnturn
lightlight
andand
patchypatchy
andand
partspart
ofof
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
shouldshould
staystay
drydry
..
Scatteredscattered
wintrywintry
showersshower
overover
southernsouthern
andand
south-eastsouth-east
Englandengland
shouldshould
diedie
awayaway
inin
thethe
morningmorning
..
Mostmost
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
shouldshould
thenthen
bebe
drydry
althoughalthough
somesome
lightlight
rainrain
oror
drizzledrizzle
isbe
likelylikely
inin
northernnorthern
Englandengland
duringduring
thethe
eveningevening
..
Itit
willwill
bebe
aa
brighterbright
dayday
inin
thethe
Southsouth
withwith
somesome
sunshinesunshine
..
Mildmild
andand
windywindy
inin
thethe
Northnorth
,,
andand
feelingfeel
lesslittle
coldcold
inin
southernsouthern
partspart
..
Easteast
Angliaanglia
::
Scatteredscattered
wintrywintry
showersshower
dyingdie
outout
,,
thenthen
brighterbright
..
Windwind
north-eastnorth-east
moderatemoderate
toto
freshfresh
backingback
north-westnorth-west
..
Maxmaximum
55
--
77
Cc
((
4141
--
4545
Ff
))
..
Outlookoutlook
forfor
tomorrowtomorrow
andand
Saturdaysaturday
::
Somesome
lightlight
rainrain
oror
sleetsleet
onon
Fridayfriday
inin
thethe
northnorth
andand
easteast
,,
otherwiseotherwise
mostlymostly
drydry
..
Becomingbecome
mildermild
..
Southernsouthern
Northnorth
Seasea
::
Windwind
north-eastnorth-east
moderatemoderate
backingbacking
north-westnorth-west
laterlate
..
Aa
fewfew
wintrywintry
showersshower
at first
atat
firstfirst
..
Mainlymainly
goodgood
..
Nono
needneed
toto
getget
intointo
aa
spinspin
withwith
thethe
washingwashing
THATthat
banebane
ofof
thethe
workingworking
mothermother
,,
thethe
repairmanrepairman
whowho
promisespromise
toto
callcall
""
sometimesometime
""
,,
willwill
soonsoon
bebe
aa
thingthing
ofof
thethe
pastpast
ââ
according to
accordingaccording
toto
BTbt
boffinsboffin
atat
Martleshammartlesham
..
Scientistsscientist
carryingcarry
outout
researchresearch
intointo
thethe
homehome
ofof
thethe
futurefuture
predictpredict
domesticdomestic
appliancesappliance
willwill
bebe
ableable
toto
""
talktalk
""
toto
each other
eacheach
otherother
..
Soso
,,
ifif
thethe
washingwashing
machinemachine
goesgo
wrongwrong
,,
itit
willwill
diagnosediagnose
thethe
problemproblem
itselfitself
,,
callcall
thethe
repairmanrepairman
,,
getget
aa
quotequote
andand
callcall
itsits
ownerowner
atat
workwork
toto
findfind
outout
whetherwhether
toto
gogo
aheadahead
..
Aa
videophonevideophone
willwill
allowallow
thethe
ownerowner
toto
watchwatch
thethe
repairsrepair
beingbe
carriedcarry
outout
fromfrom
theirtheir
officeoffice
deskdesk
andand
releaserelease
paymentpayment
onceonce
thethe
machinemachine
hashave
checkedcheck
itselfitself
..
Includedinclude
inin
thethe
futurefuture
homehome
willwill
bebe
devicesdevice
whichwhich
willwill
allowallow
thethe
ownerowner
toto
bebe
welcomedwelcome
homehome
toto
lightslight
switchedswitch
onon
,,
curtainscurtain
drawndraw
andand
possiblypossibly
eveneven
thethe
dinnerdinner
inin
thethe
ovenoven
..
Virtualvirtual
realityreality
willwill
turnturn
thethe
weeklyweekly
supermarketsupermarket
shopshop
intointo
aa
pleasurepleasure
toto
bebe
enjoyedenjoy
fromfrom
thethe
comfortcomfort
ofof
thethe
armchairarmchair
..
Newnew
world-patentedworld-patented
TVtv
glassesglass
designeddesign
byby
twotwo
Hungarianhungarian
engineersengineer
allowallow
thethe
wearerwearer
toto
walkwalk
andand
watchwatch
televisiontelevision
atat
thethe
samesame
timetime
..
Minimini
televisiontelevision
setsset
arebe
fixedfix
toto
thethe
spectacles'spectacles
framesframe
andand
thethe
imageimage
isbe
directeddirect
towardstowards
thethe
eyeseye
byby
mirrorsmirror
Studentstudent
stylistsstylist
arebe
putput
toto
thethe
testtest
more than
MOREmuch
thanthan
100100
studentsstudent
setset
outout
toto
proveprove
theythey
werebe
aa
cutcut
aboveabove
thethe
restrest
whenwhen
theythey
tooktake
partpart
inin
Colchestercolchester
Institute'sinstitute
firstfirst
hairdressinghairdressing
competitioncompetition
yesterdayyesterday
..
Thethe
contestcontest
wasbe
openopen
toto
allall
hairdressinghairdressing
studentsstudent
atat
thethe
instituteinstitute
butbut
alsoalso
includedinclude
aa
categorycategory
forfor
seniorsenior
stylistsstylist
andand
salonsalon
ownersowner
..
Awardsaward
werebe
onon
offeroffer
forfor
thethe
bestgood
useuse
ofof
individualindividual
techniquestechnique
,,
plusplus
aa
sectionsection
judgedjudge
onon
thethe
""
totaltotal
looklook
""
..
Judgesjudge
saidsay
thethe
standardstandard
ofof
entriesentry
hadhave
beenbe
exceptionallyexceptionally
highhigh
forfor
suchsuch
ana
eventevent
,,
withwith
manymany
ofof
thethe
stylesstyle
createdcreate
beingbe
""
veryvery
innovativeinnovative
""
..
Studentsstudent
onon
thethe
institute'sinstitute
two-yeartwo-year
hairdressinghairdressing
andand
beautybeauty
coursecourse
learnlearn
thethe
artart
ofof
hairdressinghairdressing
,,
cosmeticcosmetic
make-upmake-up
,,
manicuremanicure
andand
otherother
beauty-relatedbeauty-related
subjectssubject
..
Duringduring
thethe
secondsecond
yearyear
,,
havinghave
learnedlearn
techniquestechnique
inin
thethe
institute'sinstitute
ownown
well-equippedwell-equipped
salonsalon
,,
theythey
gaingain
workwork
experienceexperience
byby
spendingspending
fourfour
weeksweek
inin
aa
commercialcommercial
settingsetting
..
First-yearfirst-year
hairdressinghairdressing
studentstudent
Alisonalison
Parrissparriss
withwith
modelmodel
Carriecarrie
Heckfordheckford
TVtv
ideaidea
forfor
levellevel
crossingscrossing
TWOtwo
levellevel
crossingscrossing
earmarkedearmark
toto
receivereceive
automaticautomatic
barriersbarrier
couldcould
nownow
bebe
fittedfit
withwith
safersafe
gatesgate
monitoredmonitor
onon
closedclosed
circuitcircuit
televisiontelevision
..
Countycounty
councillorscouncillor
votedvote
yesterdayyesterday
toto
investigateinvestigate
thethe
costcost
ofof
providingprovide
thethe
moremuch
expensiveexpensive
gatesgate
atat
junctionsjunction
inin
Colchestercolchester
andand
Kelvedonkelvedon
..
Thethe
movemove
byby
aa
sub-committeesub-committee
ofof
thethe
council'scouncil
highwayshighway
committeecommittee
followsfollow
publicpublic
concernconcern
overover
plansplan
byby
Britishbritish
Railrail
toto
replacereplace
mannedmanned
barriersbarrier
atat
Chittschitts
Hillhill
,,
Lexdenlexden
,,
andand
Churchchurch
Streetstreet
,,
Kelvedonkelvedon
,,
withwith
automaticautomatic
barriersbarrier
coveringcover
onlyonly
halfhalf
thethe
carriagewaycarriageway
..
Althoughalthough
Herher
Majesty'smajesty
Railwayrailway
Inspectorateinspectorate
hashave
expressedexpress
concernconcern
overover
driver'sdriver
behaviourbehaviour
atat
automaticautomatic
barriersbarrier
,,
itit
believesbelieve
theythey
offeroffer
thethe
bestgood
blendblend
ofof
safetysafety
andand
costcost
efficiencyefficiency
..
Thisthis
hashave
notnot
satisfiedsatisfy
Essexessex
Countycounty
Councilcouncil
,,
whichwhich
hashave
producedproduce
statisticsstatistics
showingshow
fatalfatal
accidentsaccident
arebe
fourfour
timestime
moremuch
likelylikely
toto
happenhappen
atat
automaticautomatic
gatesgate
..
Oldold
craftcraft
keepskeep
seasea
atat
baybay
Asas
EASTeast
Angliaanglia
awaitsawait
nextnext
week'sweek
potentiallypotentially
dangerousdangerous
Northnorth
Seasea
tidestide
,,
timbertimber
fromfrom
thethe
region'sregion
smallsmall
woodlandswoodland
isbe
beingbe
harvestedharvest
inin
thethe
constantconstant
fightfight
toto
keepkeep
floodingflood
atat
baybay
..
""
Mattressesmattress
""
formedform
byby
bundlesbundle
ofof
brushwoodbrushwood
arebe
beingbe
sunksink
,,
weighedweigh
downdown
withwith
rockrock
,,
toto
stabilisestabilise
riverriver
bedsbed
andand
protectprotect
banksbank
fromfrom
erosionerosion
..
Itit
isbe
alsoalso
veryvery
effectiveeffective
andand
hashave
beenbe
practisedpractise
inin
Hollandholland
forfor
centuriescentury
..
Despitedespite
modern-daymodern-day
technologytechnology
,,
nono
bettergood
materialsmaterial
havehave
beenbe
developeddevelop
whichwhich
willwill
dodo
thethe
jobjob
as well
asas
wellwell
..
more than
Moremuch
thanthan
13,00013,000
bundlesbundle
ofof
brushwoodbrushwood
,,
harvestedharvest
byby
coppicingcoppice
hazelhazel
andand
willowwillow
treestree
,,
arebe
beingbe
suppliedsupply
toto
thethe
Nationalnational
Riversriver
Authorityauthority
throughthrough
thethe
Angliananglian
Woodlandwoodland
Projectproject
whichwhich
isbe
supportedsupport
byby
thethe
region'sregion
countycounty
councilscouncil
..
Itit
hashave
beenbe
setset
upup
toto
ensureensure
thethe
futurefuture
ofof
smallsmall
woodlandswoodland
byby
findingfinding
marketsmarket
forfor
thethe
produceproduce
ofof
traditionaltraditional
managementmanagement
practicespractice
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
coppicingcoppice
,,
whichwhich
alsoalso
improveimprove
wildlifewildlife
habitathabitat
..
Brushwoodbrushwood
isbe
beingbe
harvestedharvest
fromfrom
woodlandswoodland
inin
thethe
Ipswichipswich
areaarea
byby
Billbill
Foremanforeman
andand
otherother
coppicecoppice
workersworker
toto
helphelp
stabilisestabilise
thethe
riverriver
bedbed
ofof
thethe
Greatgreat
Ouseouse
inin
Cambridgeshirecambridgeshire
..
Inin
Essexessex
,,
thethe
NRAnra
isbe
usinguse
brushwoodbrushwood
,,
includingincluding
coppicedcoppiced
willowwillow
growngrow
byby
Robertrobert
Goodwingoodwin
atat
Kelvedonkelvedon
,,
toto
bolsterbolster
floodflood
defencesdefence
nearnear
Burnham-on-Crouchburnham-on-crouch
..
Itit
isbe
beingbe
mademake
intointo
groynesgroyn
toto
helphelp
re-createre-create
saltmarshsalt marsh
whichwhich
hashave
beenbe
erodederode
..
Thethe
brushwoodbrushwood
groynesgroyn
200200
yardsyard
off-shoreoffshore
holdhold
thethe
sedimentsediment
asas
thethe
tidetide
retreatsretreat
throughthrough
themthem
andand
NRAnra
officialsofficial
hopehope
itit
willwill
leadlead
toto
thethe
developmentdevelopment
ofof
newnew
saltmarshsalt marsh
toto
reducereduce
thethe
impactimpact
ofof
waveswave
hittinghit
thethe
seasea
wallwall
..
Vincevince
Thurkettlethurkettle
,,
directordirector
ofof
thethe
Angliananglian
Woodlandwoodland
Projectproject
,,
saidsay
thethe
floodflood
defencedefence
workwork
,,
grantgrant
aidedaid
byby
thethe
Ministryministry
ofof
Agricultureagriculture
,,
wasbe
ana
""
excitingexciting
opportunityopportunity
""
forfor
woodlandwoodland
ownersowner
..
""
Ana
importantimportant
modernmodern
tasktask
isbe
beingbe
carriedcarry
outout
inin
harnessharness
withwith
ana
ancientancient
woodlandwoodland
systemsystem
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
..
Coppicecoppice
workerworker
Billbill
Foremanforeman
,,
whowho
isbe
harvestingharvest
woodwood
forfor
aa
riverriver
stabilisationstabilisation
projectproject
,,
andand
hishis
dogdog
Megmeg
inin
thethe
woodlandwoodland
hehe
managesmanage
nearnear
Sproughtonsproughton
Floodflood
riskrisk
alertalert
issuedissue
FORECASTSforecast
ofof
thethe
highesthigh
tidestide
forfor
decadesdecade
havehave
promptedprompt
ana
Essexessex
councilcouncil
toto
distributedistribute
floodflood
warningwarning
leafletsleaflet
toto
peoplepeople
livinglive
inin
low-lyinglow-lying
areasarea
..
Preparedprepare
byby
Colchestercolchester
Boroughborough
Councilcouncil
,,
thethe
leafletleaflet
explainsexplain
howhow
toto
protectprotect
yourselfyourself
andand
youryour
homehome
fromfrom
floodingflooding
andand
listslist
usefuluseful
phonephone
numbersnumber
..
Measuresmeasure
recommendedrecommend
inin
thethe
leafletleaflet
includeinclude
preparingprepare
sandbagssandbag
,,
stockingstock
upup
withwith
essentialessential
foodsfood
,,
checkingcheck
insuranceinsurance
policiespolicy
andand
helpinghelp
elderlyelderly
oror
infirminfirm
neighboursneighbour
..
Thethe
council'scouncil
emergencyemergency
planningplanning
officerofficer
,,
Mikemike
Hillhill
,,
saidsay
::
""
Highhigh
tidestide
alonealone
dodo
n'tnot
necessarilynecessarily
meanmean
floodingflooding
,,
therethere
hashave
toto
bebe
aa
combinationcombination
ofof
windswind
andand
tidestide
,,
andand
thisthis
maymay
notnot
happenhappen
..
Warningswarning
""
Wewe
certainlycertainly
dodo
n'tnot
wantwant
toto
alarmalarm
anyoneanyone
,,
butbut
itit
isbe
importantimportant
forfor
peoplepeople
toto
knowknow
whatwhat
theythey
cancan
dodo
inin
advanceadvance
toto
prepareprepare
theirtheir
homeshome
againstagainst
damagedamage
..
""
Ifif
necessarynecessary
floodflood
warningswarning
willwill
bebe
issuedissue
byby
thethe
Nationalnational
Riversriver
Authorityauthority
andand
policepolice
willwill
trytry
toto
warnwarn
residentsresident
usinguse
locallocal
radioradio
,,
televisiontelevision
andand
loudloud
hailerhailer
vansvan
touringtour
riskrisk
areasarea
..
Thethe
councilcouncil
willwill
provideprovide
emergencyemergency
sheltershelter
forfor
anyoneanyone
evacuatedevacuate
atat
schoolsschool
,,
villagevillage
hallshall
oror
communitycommunity
centrescentre
,,
andand
willwill
helphelp
co-ordinateco-ordinate
reliefrelief
andand
clear-upclear-up
operationsoperation
..
Generalgeneral
situationsituation
::
Sunnysunny
spellsspell
withwith
somesome
drizzledrizzle
..
Patchypatchy
lightlight
rainrain
overover
centralcentral
partspart
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
willwill
movemove
southsouth
andand
peterpeter
outout
byby
thethe
eveningevening
..
Drierdry
weatherweather
willwill
followfollow
southsouth
withwith
sunnysunny
spellsspell
,,
particularlyparticularly
inin
thethe
moremuch
easterneastern
partspart
..
Northernnorthern
Englandengland
willwill
bebe
mostlymostly
drydry
,,
withwith
thethe
bestbest
ofof
thethe
sunsun
inin
thethe
easteast
..
Thickerthick
cloudcloud
willwill
bringbring
patchypatchy
drizzledrizzle
overover
north-west-facingnorth-west-facing
coastscoast
andand
hillshill
..
Scotlandscotland
andand
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
willwill
bebe
cloudycloudy
withwith
patchypatchy
drizzledrizzle
inin
thethe
westwest
,,
butbut
therethere
willwill
bebe
sunnysunny
intervalsinterval
,,
particularlyparticularly
inin
thethe
easteast
..
Itit
willwill
becomebecome
mildermild
everywhereeverywhere
..
Easteast
Angliaanglia
::
Patchypatchy
lightlight
rainrain
..
Becomingbecome
clearerclear
andand
drydry
fromfrom
thethe
northnorth
..
Windwind
north-westnorth-west
moderatemoderate
..
Coldcold
startstart
,,
becomingbecome
mildermild
laterlate
..
Maximummaximum
temperaturetemperature
1010
Cc
((
5050
Ff
))
..
Outlookoutlook
forfor
tomorrowtomorrow
andand
Sundaysunday
::
Mainlymainly
drydry
andand
mildmild
,,
withwith
sunnysunny
intervalsinterval
afterafter
clearanceclearance
ofof
anyany
earlyearly
mistmist
oror
fogfog
..
Southernsouthern
Northnorth
Seasea
::
Windwind
westwest
,,
becomingbecome
north-westnorth-west
,,
moderatemoderate
,,
locallylocally
freshfresh
..
Patchypatchy
rainrain
at first
atat
firstfirst
..
Visibilityvisibility
moderatemoderate
,,
becomingbecome
goodgood
..
SLIMMERSslimmer
havehave
piledpile
onon
more than
moremuch
thanthan
aa
thousandthousand
poundspound
inin
littlelittle
overover
aa
monthmonth
â¦â¦
andand
theythey
arebe
delighteddelighted
..
Thethe
reasonreason
thethe
Weight-Watchersweight-watchers
fromfrom
Burybury
Stst
Edmundsedmunds
,,
Haverhillhaverhill
,,
Newmarketnewmarket
andand
Saffronsaffron
Waldenwalden
arebe
soso
satisfiedsatisfied
isbe
thatthat
thethe
poundspound
theythey
collectedcollect
ââ
£pound
1,2001,200
ofof
themthem
ââ
willwill
allall
bebe
goinggo
toto
charitycharity
..
Classclass
leaderleader
Lynnlynn
Lawrencelawrence
,,
4646
,,
ofof
Hawthornehawthorne
Closeclose
,,
Burybury
,,
hashave
handedhand
thethe
moneymoney
overover
toto
thethe
Imperialimperial
Cancercancer
Researchresearch
Fundfund
..
Mrsmrs
Lawrencelawrence
,,
whowho
lostlose
fivefive
stonestone
withinwithin
aa
yearyear
ofof
joiningjoin
Weightweight
Watcherswatcher
inin
19851985
,,
saidsay
250250
Weightweight
Watcherswatcher
hadhave
raisedraise
thethe
moneymoney
inin
aa
seriesseries
ofof
tabletable
salessale
,,
rafflesraffle
andand
drawsdraw
..
Followingfollow
thethe
donationdonation
atat
thethe
Unitedunited
Reformreform
Churchchurch
,,
inin
Whitingwhiting
Streetstreet
,,
Burybury
,,
sheshe
saidsay
thethe
moneymoney
wasbe
aa
tributetribute
toto
locallocal
slimmersslimmer
whowho
hadhave
developeddevelop
cancercancer
inin
thethe
pastpast
yearyear
..
Researchresearch
""
Thethe
amountamount
wewe
raisedraise
wasbe
magicmagic
..
Ii
nevernever
thoughtthink
wewe
wouldwould
getget
anythinganything
likelike
thatthat
sumsum
,,
butbut
thethe
naturenature
ofof
thethe
charitycharity
obviouslyobviously
struckstrike
homehome
..
Thethe
ICRFicrf
isbe
suchsuch
aa
worthyworthy
causecause
andand
whatwhat
makesmake
itit
particularlyparticularly
soso
isbe
thatthat
itit
usesuse
justjust
88
ppence
out of
outout
ofof
everyevery
£pound
11
forfor
administrationadministration
,,
meaningmean
9292
ppence
reallyreally
goesgo
onon
advancingadvance
thethe
researchresearch
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
..
Cancercancer
Research'sresearch
areaarea
retailretail
managermanager
Pampam
McMillanmcmillan
saidsay
thethe
organisationorganisation
reliedrely
almostalmost
totallytotally
onon
publicpublic
generositygenerosity
toto
fundfund
itsits
vitalvital
workwork
..
""
Wewe
'rebe
veryvery
gratefulgrateful
toto
Weightweight
Watcherswatcher
forfor
thisthis
magnificentmagnificent
sumsum
..
Everyoneeveryone
whowho
tooktake
partpart
cancan
bebe
suresure
thatthat
thethe
moneymoney
theythey
helpedhelp
toto
raiseraise
willwill
bebe
wellwell
spentspend
inin
thethe
fightfight
againstagainst
cancercancer
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
..
Generalgeneral
situationsituation
::
Muchmuch
ofof
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
willwill
havehave
aa
drydry
,,
brightbright
dayday
..
Thethe
bestgood
ofof
thethe
sunshinesunshine
willwill
bebe
inin
thethe
southsouth
andand
easteast
..
Westernwestern
coastscoast
willwill
bebe
moremuch
cloudycloudy
,,
perhapsperhaps
withwith
aa
littlelittle
drizzledrizzle
..
Northernnorthern
countiescounty
ofof
Englandengland
andand
northnorth
Waleswales
willwill
becomebecome
cloudycloudy
withwith
rainrain
inin
placesplace
byby
midnightmidnight
..
Southernsouthern
andand
easterneastern
Scotlandscotland
andand
muchmuch
ofof
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
willwill
startstart
drydry
,,
butbut
rainrain
overover
northwestnorthwest
Scotlandscotland
willwill
spreadspread
southeastsoutheast
duringduring
thethe
dayday
..
Mainlymainly
drydry
weatherweather
willwill
followfollow
toto
northwestnorthwest
Scotlandscotland
thisthis
afternoonafternoon
andand
toto
mostmost
ofof
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
andand
Scotlandscotland
byby
midnightmidnight
..
Temperaturestemperature
willwill
bebe
similarsimilar
toto
yesterday'syesterday
generallygenerally
..
Easteast
Angliaanglia
::
Patchypatchy
fogfog
at first
atat
firstfirst
..
Drydry
withwith
sunnysunny
spellsspell
..
Windwind
southsouth
toto
southwestsouthwest
lightlight
..
Outlookoutlook
forfor
tomorrowtomorrow
andand
Wednesdaywednesday
::
Outbreaksoutbreak
ofof
rainrain
willwill
spreadspread
acrossacross
northernnorthern
partspart
..
Patchypatchy
rainrain
overover
Englandengland
andand
Waleswales
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
willwill
bebe
followedfollow
byby
drydry
,,
brightbright
weatherweather
..
Visibilityvisibility
mostlymostly
goodgood
..
Brainbrain
injuriesinjury
groupgroup
launcheslaunch
appealappeal
toto
extendextend
itsits
dayday
centrecentre
Aa
VOLUNTARYvoluntary
groupgroup
whichwhich
providesprovide
supportsupport
forfor
thethe
familiesfamily
ofof
peoplepeople
whowho
havehave
sufferedsuffer
brainbrain
injuriesinjury
hashave
launchedlaunch
ana
appealappeal
toto
extendextend
itsits
dayday
centrecentre
..
Colchestercolchester
andand
Northnorth
Easteast
Essexessex
Headwayheadway
,,
whichwhich
isbe
affiliatedaffiliate
toto
thethe
Nationalnational
Headhead
Injuriesinjury
Associationassociation
,,
hashave
beenbe
seekingseek
largerlarge
premisespremise
forfor
somesome
timetime
..
Nownow
itit
hashave
submittedsubmit
aa
planningplanning
applicationapplication
toto
doubledouble
thethe
sizesize
ofof
itsits
currentcurrent
premisespremise
ââ
aa
two-bedroomtwo-bedroom
bungalowbungalow
onon
thethe
Severallsseveralls
Hospitalhospital
sitesite
inin
Colchestercolchester
..
up to
Upup
toto
1515
peoplepeople
withwith
brainbrain
injuriesinjury
arebe
caredcare
forfor
atat
thethe
centrecentre
eacheach
dayday
andand
thethe
mainmain
featurefeature
ofof
thethe
extensionextension
willwill
bebe
aa
largelarge
activityactivity
roomroom
..
Itit
willwill
alsoalso
provideprovide
aa
newnew
wheelchairwheelchair
rampramp
,,
porchporch
andand
entranceentrance
areaarea
andand
allowallow
ana
existingexist
roomroom
toto
bebe
designateddesignate
asas
aa
quietquiet
areaarea
..
Thethe
schemescheme
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
costcost
aa
totaltotal
ofof
aboutabout
£pound
100,000100,000
andand
thethe
Headwayheadway
groupgroup
cancan
presspress
aheadahead
withwith
buildingbuilding
workwork
,,
thanksthanks
toto
fundingfunding
fromfrom
thethe
Catalystcatalyst
Trusttrust
charitycharity
..
Howeverhowever
,,
itit
stillstill
needsneed
toto
raiseraise
£pound
25,00025,000
towardstowards
thethe
£pound
80,00080,000
constructionconstruction
costcost
plusplus
£pound
20,00020,000
forfor
furnishingfurnishing
andand
equipmentequipment
,,
somesome
ofof
whichwhich
itit
hopeshope
willwill
bebe
donateddonate
byby
locallocal
companiescompany
..
Aa
varietyvariety
ofof
fund-raisingfund-raising
schemesscheme
arebe
plannedplan
,,
includingincluding
aa
relaunchrelaunch
ofof
thethe
group'sgroup
Pennypenny
Appealappeal
,,
whichwhich
encouragesencourage
peoplepeople
toto
collectcollect
andand
donatedonate
theirtheir
smallsmall
changechange
..
Plansplan
forfor
thethe
extensionextension
willwill
bebe
onon
displaydisplay
atat
thethe
group'sgroup
annualannual
meetingmeeting
onon
Marchmarch
2525
,,
whenwhen
futurefuture
activitiesactivity
andand
fund-raisingfund-raising
willwill
bebe
discusseddiscuss
..
Moremore
peoplepeople
arebe
alsoalso
wantedwant
toto
actact
asas
committeecommittee
membersmember
ââ
particularlyparticularly
peoplepeople
whowho
havehave
aa
relativerelative
withwith
aa
brainbrain
injuryinjury
ââ
toto
helphelp
thethe
presentpresent
teamteam
byby
spreadingspread
thethe
workloadworkload
..
Newnew
typetype
ofof
refrigeratorrefrigerator
isbe
harmlessharmless
toto
ozoneozone
layerlayer
PRODUCTIONproduction
ofof
thethe
world'sworld
firstfirst
ozone-friendlyozone-friendly
refrigeratorrefrigerator
beganbegin
yesterdayyesterday
atat
aa
smallsmall
easterneastern
Germangerman
factoryfactory
..
Itit
isbe
freefree
ofof
chlorofluorocarbonchlorofluorocarbon
gasesgas
whichwhich
havehave
beenbe
useduse
toto
coolcool
mostmost
fridgesfridge
forfor
decadesdecade
..
Theythey
arebe
beingbe
bannedban
worldwideworldwide
fromfrom
19961996
becausebecause
theythey
causecause
holeshole
inin
thethe
ozoneozone
layerlayer
,,
thethe
shieldshield
whichwhich
protectsprotect
thethe
earthearth
fromfrom
thethe
sun'ssun
harmfulharmful
ultravioletultraviolet
raysray
..
Thethe
newnew
fridgefridge
usesuse
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,,
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andand
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,,
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,,
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,,
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;;
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,,
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88
;;
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,,
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77
;;
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,,
Ukraineukraine
,,
andand
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,,
Spainspain
66
;;
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,,
Ukraineukraine
66
;;
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,,
Russiarussia
,,
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,,
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55
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,,
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55
;;
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44
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,,
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44
..
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13-213-2
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22
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50-150-1
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33
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9-19-1
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44
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55
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66
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77
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88
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99
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fewfew
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Appendixappendix
11
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bebe
completedcomplete
asas
specifiedspecify
inin
Appendixappendix
11
..
CASEcase
22
::
thisthis
actionsaction
procedureprocedure
PROC2proc2
asas
specifiedspecify
inin
Appendixappendix
22
..
Thethe
restrest
ofof
thethe
Computercomputer
Servicesservice
Department'sdepartment
sectionsection
ofof
thethe
formform
shouldshould
bebe
completedcomplete
asas
specifiedspecify
inin
Appendixappendix
22
..
CASEcase
33
::
thisthis
actionsaction
procedureprocedure
PROC3proc3
asas
specifiedspecify
inin
Appendixappendix
33
..
Thethe
restrest
ofof
thethe
Computercomputer
Servicesservice
Department'sdepartment
sectionsection
ofof
thethe
formform
shouldshould
bebe
completedcomplete
asas
specifiedspecify
inin
Appendixappendix
33
..
Uponupon
completioncompletion
ofof
anyany
ofof
thethe
aboveabove
proceduresprocedure
thethe
formform
shouldshould
bebe
returnedreturn
toto
thethe
Newnew
OEDoed
Computercomputer
Groupgroup
..
Newnew
OEDoed
Computercomputer
Groupgroup
Thisthis
reportreport
shouldshould
bebe
clippedclip
toto
thethe
formform
NEWOED1newoed1
andand
givengive
toto
thethe
lexicographerslexicographer
..
Thisthis
formform
isbe
toto
bebe
completedcomplete
ifif
thethe
transfertransfer
ofof
materialmaterial
forfor
photocompositionphotocomposition
isbe
requestedrequest
..
Thethe
servicesservice
ofof
bothboth
thethe
Newnew
OEDoed
Computercomputer
Groupgroup
andand
thethe
Computercomputer
Servicesservice
Departmentdepartment
arebe
requiredrequire
..
Thethe
formform
requiresrequire
onlyonly
thethe
Tabletable
Numbernumber
forfor
photocompositionphotocomposition
toto
bebe
specifiedspecify
..
Thethe
casecase
maymay
arisearise
whenwhen
aa
rangerange
ofof
entriesentry
oror
selectedselect
entriesentry
arebe
neededneed
forfor
photocompositionphotocomposition
..
Inin
thesethese
twotwo
casescase
thethe
Comments/Dependentcomments/dependent
Requestsrequest
spacespace
onon
thethe
formform
shouldshould
bebe
completedcomplete
statingstate
thethe
exactexact
entriesentry
toto
bebe
photocompositionedphotocomposition
..
Ifif
necessarynecessary
aa
separateseparate
sheetsheet
shouldshould
bebe
attachedattach
specifyingspecify
thethe
individualindividual
entriesentry
toto
bebe
processedprocess
..
Uponupon
receiptreceipt
thethe
formform
shouldshould
bebe
immediatelyimmediately
dateddate
andand
signedsign
inin
thethe
Receivedreceive
Byby
andand
Datedate
spacesspace
..
Forfor
thisthis
casecase
aa
""
Ww
""
shouldshould
bebe
enteredenter
intointo
thethe
Typetype
spacespace
..
CASEcase
22
::
aa
rangerange
ofof
entriesentry
fromfrom
aa
tabletable
isbe
toto
bebe
transferredtransfer
toto
magneticmagnetic
tapetape
..
Forfor
thisthis
casecase
aa
""
Rr
""
shouldshould
bebe
enteredenter
intointo
thethe
Typetype
spacespace
..
Forfor
thisthis
casecase
ana
""
Ss
""
shouldshould
bebe
enteredenter
intointo
thethe
Typetype
spacespace
..
Itit
isbe
widelywidely
acceptedaccept
thatthat
thethe
nextnext
tenten
yearsyear
presentspresent
thethe
Healthhealth
Serviceservice
withwith
aa
manpowermanpower
problemproblem
..
Thethe
decliningdeclining
numbernumber
ofof
schoolschool
leaversleaver
,,
manymany
ofof
whomwhom
enterenter
nursingnursing
,,
willwill
resultresult
inin
ana
eveneven
greatergreat
shortageshortage
ofof
studentsstudent
ofof
nursingnursing
thanthan
wasbe
experiencedexperience
inin
thethe
latelate
1960s1960
..
Thethe
factfact
thatthat
nursesnurse
representrepresent
approximatelyapproximately
halfhalf
ofof
thethe
labourlabour
forceforce
ofof
thethe
Nationalnational
Healthhealth
Serviceservice
underlinesunderline
thethe
sizesize
ofof
thethe
difficultiesdifficulty
whichwhich
lielie
aheadahead
..
Recruitsrecruit
toto
trainingtraining
arebe
droppingdrop
,,
particularlyparticularly
inin
thethe
""
lesslittle
popularpopular
""
fieldsfield
ofof
nursingnursing
..
Inin
thethe
viewview
ofof
thethe
RCNrcn
,,
aa
manpowermanpower
crisiscrisis
cancan
bebe
avertedavert
throughthrough
aa
combinationcombination
ofof
initiativesinitiative
,,
somesome
ofof
whichwhich
arebe
alreadyalready
inin
traintrain
..
Aa
reformreform
ofof
nursenurse
educationeducation
asas
outlinedoutline
inin
Projectproject
20002000
wouldwould
overcomeovercome
manymany
ofof
thethe
frustrationsfrustration
feltfeel
withinwithin
thethe
professionprofession
atat
thethe
presentpresent
timetime
((
11
))
..
Realisticrealistic
levelslevel
ofof
remunerationremuneration
andand
ana
improvedimproved
clinicalclinical
careercareer
structurestructure
wouldwould
enableenable
thosethose
nursesnurse
whowho
soso
wishedwish
toto
continuecontinue
thethe
practicepractice
ofof
nursingnursing
withoutwithout
lossloss
ofof
statusstatus
toto
theirtheir
educationaleducational
andand
managerialmanagerial
colleaguescolleague
..
Lastlast
,,
butbut
notnot
leastleast
,,
aa
flexibleflexible
andand
imaginativeimaginative
managementmanagement
strategystrategy
couldcould
produceproduce
ana
increaseincrease
inin
thethe
availabilityavailability
ofof
manpowermanpower
..
Partpart
I1
givesgive
guidanceguidance
toto
managersmanager
toto
enableenable
themthem
toto
helphelp
theirtheir
organisationsorganisation
toto
reactreact
toto
thethe
challengechallenge
..
Itit
isbe
followedfollow
byby
guidanceguidance
onon
howhow
toto
makemake
thethe
bestgood
useuse
ofof
existingexisting
staffstaff
..
Thethe
recruitmentrecruitment
ofof
aa
largelarge
numbernumber
ofof
Commonwealthcommonwealth
citizenscitizen
toto
relieverelieve
thethe
acuteacute
shortageshortage
ofof
labourlabour
inin
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
inin
thethe
latelate
1950s1950
andand
1960s1960
isbe
wellwell
documenteddocument
((
22
))
..
Inin
itsits
evidenceevidence
toto
thethe
Briggsbriggs
Committeecommittee
inin
19721972
,,
thethe
Royalroyal
Collegecollege
ofof
Nursingnursing
statedstate
::
""
Facilitiesfacility
toto
traintrain
inin
thisthis
countrycountry
arebe
oftenoften
representedrepresent
asas
aa
programmeprogramme
ofof
aidaid
toto
developingdeveloping
countriescountry
..
Inin
thethe
latelate
1960s1960
therethere
werebe
15,49315,493
Commonwealthcommonwealth
citizenscitizen
registeredregister
forfor
variousvarious
nursingnursing
coursescourse
inin
thethe
UKuk
((
11
))
..
Thethe
largestlarge
proportionproportion
werebe
fromfrom
thethe
Westwest
Indiesindies
,,
Malaysiamalaysia
andand
Mauritiusmauritius
..
Patientspatient
inin
psychiatricpsychiatric
andand
mentalmental
handicaphandicap
hospitalshospital
werebe
frequentlyfrequently
caredcare
forfor
byby
""
nurses'nurse
whowho
hadhave
nono
trainingtraining
,,
somesome
ofof
whomwhom
diddo
notnot
eveneven
speakspeak
Englishenglish
..
Toto
overcomeovercome
,,
thethe
manpowermanpower
difficultiesdifficulty
,,
somesome
managersmanager
diddo
introduceintroduce
facilitiesfacility
andand
imaginativeimaginative
operationaloperational
policiespolicy
toto
easeease
thethe
situationsituation
withwith
somesome
successsuccess
..
Crechescrèche
,,
Backback
toto
Nursingnursing
coursescourse
andand
Nursenurse
Banksbank
emergedemerge
asas
aa
meansmeans
ofof
pluggingplug
thethe
gapgap
..
Howeverhowever
asas
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
availableavailable
schoolschool
leaversleaver
beganbegin
toto
riserise
,,
allall
thosethose
recruitsrecruit
whowho
droppeddrop
outout
oror
leftleave
werebe
moremuch
easilyeasily
replacedreplace
..
Itit
wasbe
apparentlyapparently
acceptableacceptable
toto
societysociety
andand
managersmanager
thatthat
manymany
youngyoung
womenwoman
wouldwould
abandonabandon
theirtheir
careerscareer
in spite of
inin
spitespite
ofof
thethe
costlycostly
investmentinvestment
..
Ironicallyironically
duringduring
thisthis
periodperiod
,,
thethe
serviceservice
sawsee
aa
massivemassive
increaseincrease
inin
personnelpersonnel
staffstaff
..
Thethe
positionposition
wasbe
wellwell
illustratedillustrate
byby
thethe
ENBenb
inin
theirtheir
publicitypublicity
aboutabout
thethe
introductionintroduction
ofof
thethe
Centralcentral
Clearingclearing
Househouse
::
""
Thethe
majoritymajority
ofof
recruitsrecruit
toto
nursingnursing
arebe
girlsgirl
agedage
18-1918-19
..
Althoughalthough
thisthis
isbe
notnot
entirelyentirely
attributableattributable
toto
thethe
reductionreduction
inin
femalefemale
schoolschool
leaversleaver
,,
itit
isbe
aa
contributorycontributory
factorfactor
whichwhich
willwill
continuecontinue
intointo
thethe
foreseeableforeseeable
futurefuture
..
Inin
factfact
,,
byby
thethe
yearyear
20002000
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
schoolschool
leaversleaver
willwill
notnot
havehave
returnedreturn
toto
thethe
19701970
levellevel
andand
isbe
predictedpredict
toto
continuecontinue
toto
fallfall
toto
ana
all-timeall-time
lowlow
inin
1993/41993/4
..
Thethe
fewfew
managersmanager
ofof
nursingnursing
whowho
werebe
aroundaround
inin
thethe
latelate
1960s1960
,,
earlyearly
1970s1970
willwill
notnot
wishwish
toto
reliverelive
thosethose
experiencesexperience
andand
yetyet
unlessunless
alternativealternative
solutionssolution
arebe
foundfind
quicklyquickly
,,
thethe
problemproblem
whichwhich
prevailedprevail
thenthen
willwill
soonsoon
bebe
uponupon
usus
againagain
..
Letlet
usus
leaveleave
asideaside
otherother
relevantrelevant
factorsfactor
such as
suchsuch
asas
educationeducation
,,
careercareer
structurestructure
,,
paypay
andand
conditionscondition
ofof
serviceservice
andand
concentrateconcentrate
onon
manpowermanpower
managementmanagement
..
Itit
couldcould
bebe
arguedargue
thatthat
ifif
aa
reductionreduction
inin
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
18-year-old18-year-old
girlsgirl
leavingleave
schoolschool
isbe
thethe
sourcesource
ofof
thethe
problemproblem
,,
thenthen
increaseincrease
thethe
proportionproportion
ofof
leaversleaver
comingcome
intointo
nursingnursing
andand
allall
willwill
bebe
wellwell
..
Ifif
nursingnursing
alreadyalready
recruitsrecruit
2525
%percent
ofof
leaversleaver
withwith
betweenbetween
55
""
Oo
""
levelslevel
andand
22
Aa
levelslevel
,,
thisthis
isbe
easiereasy
saidsay
thanthan
donedo
,,
particularlyparticularly
whenwhen
oneone
considersconsider
thatthat
otherother
employmentemployment
agenciesagency
arebe
alsoalso
preparingprepare
toto
competecompete
moremuch
aggressivelyaggressively
toto
obtainobtain
theirtheir
shareshare
fromfrom
thethe
poolpool
..
for example
Forfor
exampleexample
,,
aa
parallelparallel
riserise
inin
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
childrenchild
enteringenter
schoolsschool
willwill
resultresult
inin
ana
increasedincreased
needneed
forfor
studentstudent
teachersteacher
..
Alternativelyalternatively
,,
whywhy
notnot
turnturn
toto
malemale
schoolschool
leaversleaver
toto
makemake
upup
thethe
differencedifference
??
Successsuccess
herehere
willwill
requirerequire
aa
changechange
inin
socialsocial
attitudesattitude
whichwhich
isbe
likelylikely
toto
emergeemerge
onlyonly
slowlyslowly
,,
althoughalthough
itit
shouldshould
bebe
activelyactively
pursuedpursue
..
Whilewhile
thisthis
doesdo
notnot
necessarilynecessarily
requirerequire
additionaladditional
peoplepeople
itit
doesdo
requirerequire
aa
determinationdetermination
toto
useuse
moremuch
effectivelyeffectively
thosethose
thatthat
arebe
availableavailable
((
seesee
partpart
IIii
))
..
Howeverhowever
,,
otherother
strategiesstrategy
cancan
bearbear
fruitfruit
andand
arebe
describeddescribe
underunder
threethree
sectionssection
whichwhich
looklook
atat
Recruitmentrecruitment
,,
Retentionretention
andand
Returnreturn
..
Thethe
nursesnurse
involvedinvolve
inin
thethe
IMSims
surveysurvey
carriedcarry
outout
inin
19861986
forfor
thethe
RCNrcn
gavegive
aa
clearclear
impressionimpression
ofof
whatwhat
theythey
regardedregard
asas
thethe
importantimportant
featuresfeature
ofof
thethe
workwork
situationsituation
::
""
goodgood
jobjob
securitysecurity
""
,,
""
goodgood
atmosphereatmosphere
""
,,
andand
""
doingdo
aa
worthwhileworthwhile
jobjob
""
werebe
citedcite
asas
byby
farfar
thethe
mostmuch
importantimportant
..
Nextnext
,,
butbut
toto
aa
muchmuch
lowerlow
degreedegree
,,
wasbe
usinguse
personalpersonal
abilitiesability
toto
thethe
fullfull
""
..
Atmosphereatmosphere
,,
feelingfeel
worthwhileworthwhile
andand
beingbe
stretchedstretch
toto
thethe
fullfull
arebe
greatlygreatly
influencedinfluence
byby
thethe
attitudesattitude
andand
consequentconsequent
operationaloperational
politicspolitics
introducedintroduce
byby
thosethose
whowho
managemanage
thethe
operationoperation
..
Managersmanager
whowho
dodo
notnot
workwork
asas
aa
teamteam
andand
provideprovide
supportsupport
forfor
each other
eacheach
otherother
andand
theirtheir
staffstaff
cancan
notnot
hopehope
toto
succeedsucceed
atat
timestime
ofof
staffstaff
shortageshortage
..
Ifif
thethe
managermanager
cancan
notnot
honestlyhonestly
answeranswer
""
yesyes
""
toto
thethe
followingfollowing
questionsquestion
,,
thenthen
itit
willwill
bebe
necessarynecessary
toto
undertakeundertake
somesome
fundamentalfundamental
reviewreview
ofof
thethe
manager'smanager
ownown
attitudesattitude
andand
ifif
aa
negativenegative
responseresponse
isbe
commonplacecommonplace
inin
thethe
organisationorganisation
,,
thenthen
thethe
managementmanagement
teamteam
hadhave
bettergood
reappraisereappraise
itsits
stylestyle
..
Dodo
youyou
believebelieve
thatthat
thethe
mostmuch
importantimportant
resourceresource
atat
youryour
disposaldisposal
isbe
thethe
staffstaff
??
Everyevery
membermember
ofof
staffstaff
hashave
aa
privateprivate
lifelife
whichwhich
shouldshould
bebe
respectedrespect
??
Whenwhen
aa
membermember
ofof
staffstaff
isbe
troubledtroubled
,,
thethe
organisationorganisation
hashave
aa
responsibilityresponsibility
toto
offeroffer
helphelp
??
Aa
managermanager
isbe
onlyonly
asas
strongstrong
asas
thethe
staffstaff
willwill
enableenable
thatthat
managermanager
toto
bebe
??
Therethere
isbe
muchmuch
evidenceevidence
toto
showshow
thatthat
personnelpersonnel
managementmanagement
couldcould
bebe
improvedimprove
withinwithin
thethe
serviceservice
andand
thatthat
unlessunless
thethe
rightright
managerialmanagerial
attitudesattitude
prevailprevail
,,
nono
amountamount
ofof
policiespolicy
oror
proceduresprocedure
willwill
compensatecompensate
..
membermember
andand
potentialpotential
recruitrecruit
isbe
aa
prerequisiteprerequisite
forfor
successsuccess
inin
thethe
threethree
R'sr
::
Recruitmentrecruitment
,,
Retentionretention
andand
Returnreturn
..
Managersmanager
mustmust
recogniserecognise
thatthat
thethe
stylestyle
ofof
managementmanagement
whichwhich
wasbe
commonplacecommonplace
yearsyear
agoago
isbe
no longer
nono
longerlong
acceptableacceptable
..
""
Petticoatpetticoat
governmentgovernment
""
andand
paternalismpaternalism
mustmust
bebe
replacedreplace
byby
aa
supportivesupportive
approachapproach
whereinwherein
eacheach
staffstaff
membermember
isbe
valuedvalue
andand
trustedtrust
asas
aa
responsibleresponsible
adultadult
..
Thethe
staffstaff
ofof
anyany
organisationorganisation
arebe
itsits
bestgood
ambassadorsambassador
oror
converselyconversely
maymay
bebe
itsits
worstbad
..
Thethe
managementmanagement
teamteam
whichwhich
hashave
thethe
greatestgreat
successsuccess
inin
minimisingminimise
thethe
manpowermanpower
shortageshortage
willwill
demonstratedemonstrate
convincinglyconvincingly
thethe
scalescale
ofof
thethe
problemproblem
toto
colleaguescolleague
andand
Healthhealth
Authorityauthority
membersmember
Overover
thethe
pastpast
tenten
yearsyear
recruitmentrecruitment
ofof
nursesnurse
hashave
beenbe
relativelyrelatively
easyeasy
..
Neitherneither
aa
greatgreat
dealdeal
ofof
efforteffort
nornor
manman
hourshour
hashave
beenbe
dedicateddedicate
toto
thethe
processprocess
..
Thusthus
,,
itit
isbe
notnot
justjust
imaginativeimaginative
ideasidea
whichwhich
arebe
requiredrequire
butbut
ana
increaseincrease
inin
investmentinvestment
ofof
managementmanagement
timetime
..
Sellingsell
thethe
organisationorganisation
toto
prospectiveprospective
employeesemployee
isbe
ana
extremelyextremely
costlycostly
businessbusiness
butbut
clearlyclearly
thenthen
,,
unlessunless
staffstaff
arebe
availableavailable
inin
sufficientsufficient
numbersnumber
,,
caringcare
forfor
thethe
sicksick
,,
eveneven
atat
present-daypresent-day
levelslevel
,,
willwill
notnot
bebe
achievedachieve
..
Findingfinding
newnew
staffstaff
,,
i.e.for example
thosethose
whowho
havehave
notnot
nursednurse
beforebefore
,,
mustmust
bebe
approachedapproach
asas
ana
extensiveextensive
publicpublic
relationsrelation
exerciseexercise
whichwhich
seeksseek
toto
heightenheighten
thethe
awarenessawareness
ofof
thethe
possibilitiespossibility
ofof
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
asas
ana
attractiveattractive
employmentemployment
prospectprospect
throughoutthroughout
thethe
communitycommunity
.
Thisthis
doesdo
notnot
applyapply
merelymerely
toto
thethe
schoolschool
leaverleaver
sectionssection
ofof
thethe
populationpopulation
..
in particular
Inin
particularparticular
thethe
notionnotion
thatthat
nursenurse
trainingtraining
isbe
forfor
thethe
youngyoung
andand
forfor
womenwoman
onlyonly
mustmust
bebe
dispelleddispel
;;
nono
meanmean
tasktask
..
Additionallyadditionally
,,
thosethose
whowho
dodo
showshow
ana
interestinterest
mustmust
havehave
thatthat
interestinterest
cultivatedcultivate
andand
bebe
mademake
toto
feelfeel
wantedwant
..
Thethe
firstfirst
requirementrequirement
isbe
toto
identifyidentify
staffstaff
withwith
specificspecific
responsibilityresponsibility
forfor
promotingpromote
thethe
organisation'sorganisation
imageimage
throughoutthroughout
thethe
communitycommunity
..
Thethe
rightright
personperson
willwill
havehave
experienceexperience
ofof
thethe
serviceservice
,,
ana
in-depthin-depth
knowledgeknowledge
ofof
nursingnursing
andand
communicationcommunication
skillsskill
..
Somesome
Healthhealth
Authoritiesauthority
alreadyalready
employemploy
aa
Nursenurse
Recruitmentrecruitment
Officerofficer
whowho
isbe
aa
membermember
ofof
thethe
Nursenurse
Educationeducation
Departmentdepartment
butbut
thisthis
levellevel
ofof
commitmentcommitment
isbe
completelycompletely
inadequateinadequate
toto
mountmount
thethe
assaultassault
whichwhich
willwill
bebe
requiredrequire
inin
ana
averageaverage
healthhealth
districtdistrict
..
Thisthis
mightmight
taketake
thethe
formform
ofof
healthhealth
promotion/promotion
educationeducation
displaysdisplay
andand
activitiesactivity
inin
whichwhich
informationinformation
onon
careerscareer
andand
employmentemployment
cancan
bebe
includedinclude
..
Attendingattend
careercareer
conventionsconvention
inin
schoolsschool
andand
collegescollege
ofof
higherhigh
educationeducation
in addition to
inin
additionaddition
toto
cultivatingcultivate
aa
particularparticular
relationshiprelationship
withwith
teachersteacher
interestedinterest
inin
careerscareer
andand
vocationalvocational
studiesstudy
..
Influencinginfluence
thethe
attitudesattitude
ofof
staffstaff
workingwork
inin
thethe
locallocal
careerscareer
adviceadvice
serviceservice
byby
ensuringensure
thatthat
theythey
arebe
providedprovide
withwith
up-to-dateup-to-date
informationinformation
ofof
developmentsdevelopment
inin
nursingnursing
andand
someonesomeone
fromfrom
whomwhom
theythey
cancan
seekseek
assistanceassistance
..
Keepingkeep
in touch with
inin
touchtouch
withwith
allall
locallocal
voluntaryvoluntary
groupsgroup
,,
clubsclub
andand
locallocal
organisationsorganisation
in order
inin
orderorder
toto
obtainobtain
opportunitiesopportunity
toto
speakspeak
aboutabout
thethe
workwork
ofof
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
andand
thethe
employmentemployment
opportunitiesopportunity
..
Seekingseek
thethe
assistanceassistance
ofof
thethe
locallocal
jobjob
Centrecentre
andand
ofof
thethe
nursingnursing
consultantconsultant
employedemploy
byby
thethe
Manpowermanpower
Serviceservice
Commissioncommission
..
Considerationconsideration
shouldshould
bebe
givengive
toto
aa
Healthhealth
Authorityauthority
newsletter/papernewsletter/paper
whichwhich
couldcould
bebe
circulatedcirculate
freelyfreely
throughoutthroughout
thethe
localitylocality
..
Arebe
therethere
sufficientsufficient
staffstaff
inin
thethe
organisationorganisation
preparedprepare
toto
promotepromote
nursingnursing
inin
thethe
locallocal
communitycommunity
??
Arebe
staffstaff
givengive
adequateadequate
trainingtraining
toto
enableenable
themthem
toto
undertakeundertake
recruitmentrecruitment
activitiesactivity
??
Isbe
therethere
aa
selectionselection
ofof
visualvisual
aidsaid
andand
recruitmentrecruitment
materialmaterial
availableavailable
forfor
useuse
byby
staffstaff
??
Isbe
therethere
aa
staffedstaffed
departmentdepartment
withinwithin
thethe
organisationorganisation
withwith
specificspecific
responsibilityresponsibility
forfor
recruitmentrecruitment
whichwhich
isbe
easilyeasily
accessibleaccessible
toto
thethe
publicpublic
??
Arebe
therethere
plansplan
toto
increaseincrease
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
staffstaff
withwith
aa
particularparticular
responsibilityresponsibility
forfor
recruitmentrecruitment
??
Attractingattracting
peoplepeople
toto
applyapply
forfor
postspost
inin
ana
organisationorganisation
requiresrequire
moremuch
thanthan
placingplace
appealingappealing
advertisementsadvertisement
inin
locallocal
newspapersnewspaper
,,
althoughalthough
thatthat
alsoalso
isbe
importantimportant
.
Itit
requiresrequire
thethe
involvementinvolvement
ofof
more than
moremuch
thanthan
oneone
oror
twotwo
membersmember
ofof
staffstaff
withwith
aa
responsibilityresponsibility
forfor
promotingpromote
thethe
imageimage
ofof
nursingnursing
..
Thethe
aimaim
shouldshould
bebe
toto
equipequip
aa
widewide
cross-sectioncross-section
ofof
staffstaff
withwith
thethe
skillsskill
,,
confidenceconfidence
andand
toolstool
toto
taketake
thisthis
workwork
onon
..
Staffstaff
fromfrom
seniorsenior
managementmanagement
andand
thosethose
involvedinvolve
inin
caringcaring
forfor
patientspatient
shouldshould
bebe
givengive
trainingtraining
toto
assistassist
themthem
toto
makemake
publicpublic
presentationspresentation
aboutabout
thethe
activityactivity
ofof
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
andand
thethe
staffstaff
whowho
workwork
inin
itit
..
Publicpublic
speakingspeaking
isbe
mademake
muchmuch
easiereasy
forfor
manymany
,,
andand
moremuch
Palatablepalatable
forfor
thosethose
onon
thethe
receivingreceiving
endend
,,
ifif
itit
isbe
accompaniedaccompany
byby
aa
visualvisual
presentationpresentation
toto
illustrateillustrate
thethe
talktalk
..
Considerationconsideration
shouldshould
bebe
givengive
toto
producingproduce
aa
recruitmentrecruitment
videovideo
whichwhich
nowadaysnowadays
isbe
notnot
ana
expensiveexpensive
ventureventure
..
Thesethese
additionsaddition
toto
thethe
recruitmentrecruitment
armouryarmoury
willwill
encourageencourage
moremore
staffstaff
toto
participateparticipate
becausebecause
manymany
cancan
talktalk
informallyinformally
aboutabout
theirtheir
workwork
,,
whereaswhereas
aa
formalformal
preparedprepared
presentationpresentation
isbe
,,
forfor
somesome
,,
veryvery
difficultdifficult
..
Additionallyadditionally
thethe
listenerslistener
willwill
bebe
farfar
bettergood
entertainedentertain
andand
havehave
aa
clearerclear
picturepicture
ofof
thethe
subjectsubject
underunder
discussiondiscussion
..
Opportunityopportunity
forfor
advertisingadvertising
alsoalso
presentspresent
itselfitself
onon
receiptreceipt
ofof
aa
writtenwrite
enquiryenquiry
aboutabout
aa
jobjob
..
Somesome
peoplepeople
willwill
wishwish
toto
enquireenquire
inin
personperson
andand
toto
speakspeak
toto
someonesomeone
whowho
cancan
answeranswer
theirtheir
questionsquestion
..
Thethe
recruitingrecruiting
officeoffice
shouldshould
advertiseadvertise
thethe
factfact
thatthat
itit
welcomeswelcome
membersmember
ofof
thethe
publicpublic
whowho
wishwish
toto
dropdrop
inin
..
Forfor
thethe
majoritymajority
ofof
thethe
publicpublic
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
isbe
onlyonly
accessibleaccessible
forfor
thethe
purposepurpose
ofof
treatmenttreatment
..
Youthyouth
Clubsclub
andand
schoolschool
librarieslibrary
arebe
particularlyparticularly
importantimportant
andand
shouldshould
thereforetherefore
bebe
liberallyliberally
suppliedsupply
withwith
materialmaterial
toto
keepkeep
thethe
healthhealth
serviceservice
asas
aa
prospectiveprospective
careercareer
avenueavenue
inin
thethe
forefrontforefront
atat
allall
timestime
..
Attendanceattendance
atat
thethe
careerscareer
conventionconvention
onceonce
eacheach
yearyear
isbe
notnot
enoughenough
andand
willwill
inin
anyany
casecase
onlyonly
reachreach
aa
smallsmall
proportionproportion
ofof
thethe
schoolschool
childrenchild
whowho
maymay
bebe
contemplatingcontemplate
theirtheir
futurefuture
..
Produceproduce
aa
seriesseries
ofof
recruitmentrecruitment
aidsaid
,,
rangingrange
fromfrom
videosvideo
toto
leafletsleaflet
..
Establishestablish
aa
Recruitmentrecruitment
Officeoffice
whichwhich
isbe
staffedstaff
fullyfully
andand
equippedequip
toto
allowallow
aa
swiftswift
responseresponse
toto
enquiriesenquiry
onon
aa
writtenwritten
andand
personalpersonal
basisbasis
..
Doesdo
thethe
healthhealth
authorityauthority
havehave
anyany
provisionprovision
toto
assistassist
youngyoung
peoplepeople
toto
acquireacquire
thethe
necessarynecessary
academicacademic
qualificationsqualification
forfor
entryentry
toto
nursenurse
trainingtraining
??
Ofof
thethe
60,00060,000
nursesnurse
whowho
werebe
inin
trainingtraining
inin
19861986
,,
less than
lesslittle
thanthan
10,00010,000
werebe
overover
thethe
ageage
ofof
twenty-sixtwenty-six
..
Clearlyclearly
therethere
isbe
roomroom
toto
increaseincrease
thesethese
numbersnumber
byby
emphasisingemphasise
thatthat
nursenurse
trainingtraining
isbe
notnot
onlyonly
forfor
youngyoung
womenwoman
..
Thethe
beliefbelief
thatthat
ifif
youyou
arebe
overover
twenty-fivetwenty-five
youyou
arebe
tootoo
oldold
isbe
commonlycommonly
heldhold
..
Aa
healthhealth
authorityauthority
shouldshould
seekseek
outout
aa
groupgroup
ofof
""
maturemature
""
femalefemale
nursesnurse
andand
aa
groupgroup
ofof
malemale
nursesnurse
whowho
arebe
inin
trainingtraining
andand
prepareprepare
themthem
forfor
thethe
purposepurpose
ofof
dispellingdispel
thosethose
commonlycommonly
heldhold
misconceptionsmisconception
..
Thethe
authorityauthority
shouldshould
advertiseadvertise
thethe
factfact
thatthat
itit
isbe
preparedprepare
toto
givegive
talkstalk
andand
attendattend
eventsevent
whichwhich
arebe
directeddirect
atat
appealingappealing
toto
thesethese
groupsgroup
..
Attendingattend
conferencesconference
andand
meetingsmeeting
ofof
women'swoman
organisationsorganisation
oror
askingask
toto
addressaddress
groupsgroup
ofof
boysboy
willwill
provideprovide
ana
opportunityopportunity
forfor
frankfrank
discussiondiscussion
whichwhich
inin
thethe
casecase
ofof
boysboy
isbe
veryvery
inhibitedinhibit
inin
thethe
presencepresence
ofof
theirtheir
femalefemale
counterpartscounterpart
..
Copingcope
withwith
nursenurse
trainingtraining
afterafter
marriagemarriage
andand
childbearingchildbearing
cancan
obviouslyobviously
bebe
difficultdifficult
inin
somesome
circumstancescircumstance
butbut
maymay
bebe
delayeddelay
untiluntil
childrenchild
arebe
moremuch
independentindependent
..
Aa
nursenurse
whowho
trainstrain
atat
thethe
ageage
ofof
fortyforty
stillstill
hashave
manymany
yearsyear
ofof
valuablevaluable
serviceservice
aheadahead
andand
manymany
yearsyear
ofof
pastpast
experienceexperience
toto
drawdraw
uponupon
..
Whywhy
thenthen
inin
19861986
werebe
therethere
onlyonly
aboutabout
1,0001,000
femalesfemale
overover
thethe
ageage
ofof
fortyforty
inin
trainingtraining
??
Somesome
trainingtraining
schoolsschool
dodo
applyapply
ageage
limitslimit
,,
whichwhich
contributescontribute
toto
thethe
commoncommon
misconceptionsmisconception
aboutabout
ageage
restrictionrestriction
..
Oneone
healthhealth
authorityauthority
hashave
developeddevelop
aa
""
Maturemature
Entrantsentrant
Coursecourse
forfor
olderold
womenwoman
wishingwish
toto
commencecommence
trainingtrain
((
11
))
..
Follow-upfollow-up
ofof
thesethese
studentsstudent
showsshow
thatthat
theythey
tendtend
toto
remainremain
inin
nursingnursing
muchmuch
longerlong
thanthan
thethe
youngeryoung
applicantsapplicant
..
Thethe
factfact
thatthat
mostmost
ofof
themthem
havehave
alreadyalready
hadhave
theirtheir
familyfamily
byby
thethe
timetime
theythey
commencecommence
thethe
coursecourse
isbe
thethe
mostmuch
likelylikely
explanationexplanation
..
Aa
coursecourse
availableavailable
specificallyspecifically
designeddesign
forfor
theirtheir
needsneed
atat
whichwhich
theythey
willwill
meetmeet
othersother
ofof
theirtheir
ownown
ageage
isbe
ana
addedadded
incentiveincentive
..
Manymany
whowho
wouldwould
likelike
toto
enterenter
nursingnursing
andand
believebelieve
theythey
arebe
tootoo
oldold
arebe
putput
offoff
byby
thethe
knowledgeknowledge
thatthat
even if
eveneven
ifif
theythey
dodo
ventureventure
,,
theythey
willwill
findfind
themselvesthemselves
alonealone
inin
thethe
companycompany
ofof
aa
largelarge
groupgroup
ofof
teenagersteenager
..
Somesome
healthhealth
authoritiesauthority
provideprovide
part-timepart-time
trainingtraining
coursescourse
whichwhich
widenswiden
thethe
appealappeal
toto
somesome
womenwoman
whowho
stillstill
havehave
otherother
commitmentscommitment
..
Nursingnursing
,,
asas
statedstate
earlierearly
,,
recruitsrecruit
approximatelyapproximately
66
%percent
ofof
allall
18-year-old18-year-old
schoolschool
leaversleaver
..
Thethe
majoritymajority
ofof
thesethese
willwill
havehave
obtainedobtain
thethe
requiredrequired
55
""
Oo
""
levelslevel
whilstwhilst
atat
schoolschool
..
Notnot
allall
18-year-olds18-year-old
wishwish
toto
enterenter
nursingnursing
butbut
manymany
whowho
dodo
arebe
unableunable
toto
meetmeet
thethe
academicacademic
requirementsrequirement
..
Researchresearch
carriedcarry
outout
inin
19851985
showedshow
thatthat
4444
%percent
ofof
Chiefchief
Nursingnursing
Officersofficer
diddo
notnot
havehave
55
""
Oo
""
levelslevel
yetyet
presumablypresumably
theythey
hadhave
copedcope
withwith
thethe
rigoursrigour
ofof
aa
careercareer
inin
nursingnursing
atat
allall
levelslevel
((
22
))
..
Furthermorefurthermore
,,
manymany
youngyoung
peoplepeople
dodo
notnot
reachreach
theirtheir
fullfull
academicacademic
potentialpotential
byby
thethe
timetime
theythey
leaveleave
schoolschool
..
Thisthis
presentspresent
ana
opportunityopportunity
forfor
healthhealth
authoritiesauthority
toto
promotepromote
opportunitiesopportunity
toto
assistassist
schoolschool
leaversleaver
whowho
wishwish
toto
nursenurse
toto
gaingain
thethe
entryentry
requirementsrequirement
throughthrough
cooperativecooperative
venturesventure
withwith
locallocal
collegescollege
ofof
furtherfar
educationeducation
..
Thisthis
investmentinvestment
wouldwould
assureassure
furtherfar
recruitmentrecruitment
successessuccess
byby
enlargingenlarge
thethe
poolpool
ofof
youngyoung
peoplepeople
fromfrom
whichwhich
studentsstudent
couldcould
bebe
obtainedobtain
..
Identifyidentify
groupsgroup
ofof
malemale
nursesnurse
andand
""
maturemature
""
femalefemale
nursesnurse
preparedprepare
toto
participateparticipate
inin
recruitmentrecruitment
activityactivity
..
Believebelieve
itit
oror
notnot
,,
manymany
nursesnurse
enjoyenjoy
thethe
workwork
andand
wouldwould
notnot
wishwish
toto
changechange
theirtheir
occupationoccupation
..
Presumablypresumably
ourour
recruitersrecruiter
willwill
trytry
toto
conveyconvey
thisthis
,,
butbut
writtenwritten
advertsadvert
,,
brochuresbrochure
andand
otherother
mediamedium
shouldshould
seekseek
toto
emphasiseemphasise
thethe
benefitsbenefit
ofof
whichwhich
thethe
followingfollowing
isbe
aa
samplesample
::
Thethe
youngeryoung
generationgeneration
isbe
usedused
toto
Computercomputer
Assistedassist
Learninglearning
andand
otherother
modernmodern
technologytechnology
whichwhich
isbe
ana
adjunctadjunct
toto
learninglearning
..
Manymany
authoritiesauthority
provideprovide
extensiveextensive
occupationaloccupational
healthhealth
facilitiesfacility
whichwhich
arebe
notnot
availableavailable
inin
allall
employmentemployment
situationssituation
..
Thethe
provisionprovision
ofof
freefree
uniformuniform
,,
launderinglaundering
andand
changingchanging
facilitiesfacility
isbe
aa
benefitbenefit
ââ
.
Transporttransport
andand
arrangementsarrangement
toto
protectprotect
staffstaff
cancan
alsoalso
bebe
emphasisedemphasise
..
Havehave
eventsevent
beenbe
organisedorganise
toto
raiseraise
awarenessawareness
amongamong
allall
staffstaff
ofof
thethe
recruitmentrecruitment
problemproblem
aheadahead
??
Soso
farfar
thisthis
sectionsection
hashave
consideredconsider
activityactivity
specificallyspecifically
designeddesign
toto
attractattract
newcomersnewcomer
toto
thethe
organisationorganisation
..
Perhapsperhaps
thethe
bestgood
formform
ofof
advertisingadvertising
isbe
thatthat
whichwhich
goesgo
onon
allall
thethe
timetime
throughthrough
everydayeveryday
contactcontact
withwith
usersuser
ofof
thethe
serviceservice
..
Atat
somesome
timetime
inin
theirtheir
liveslife
,,
almostalmost
allall
havehave
causecause
toto
visitvisit
thethe
locallocal
healthhealth
centrecentre
oror
hospitalhospital
wherewhere
theythey
seesee
andand
meetmeet
staffstaff
atat
workwork
..
Whatwhat
theythey
observeobserve
andand
howhow
theythey
arebe
receivedreceive
willwill
havehave
aa
greatgreat
impactimpact
onon
howhow
theythey
perceiveperceive
thethe
serviceservice
andand
thosethose
whowho
workwork
withinwithin
itit
..
Manymany
newnew
recruitsrecruit
havehave
beenbe
influencedinfluence
byby
theirtheir
experiencesexperience
duringduring
aa
hospitalhospital
staystay
oror
visitvisit
..
Allall
staffstaff
whowho
havehave
contactcontact
withwith
thethe
publicpublic
shouldshould
bebe
givengive
trainingtraining
inin
customercustomer
relationsrelation
..
Telephoniststelephonist
,,
receptionistsreceptionist
,,
portersporter
as well as
asas
wellwell
asas
professionalprofessional
staffstaff
arebe
thethe
peoplepeople
whowho
createcreate
thethe
publicpublic
imageimage
ofof
thethe
locallocal
serviceservice
..
apart from
Apartapart
fromfrom
accessaccess
forfor
treatmenttreatment
,,
membersmember
ofof
thethe
publicpublic
shouldshould
bebe
encouragedencourage
toto
comecome
intointo
healthhealth
serviceservice
premisespremise
toto
seesee
firsthandfirsthand
thethe
workwork
andand
thethe
facilitiesfacility
..
Openopen
daysday
andand
exhibitionsexhibition
withwith
differentdifferent
themestheme
shouldshould
bebe
organisedorganise
in conjunction with
inin
conjunctionconjunction
withwith
thethe
Leagueleague
ofof
Friendsfriend
andand
,,
whenwhen
appropriateappropriate
,,
withwith
locallocal
interestinterest
groupsgroup
..
Opportunitiesopportunity
forfor
schoolschool
childrenchild
toto
spendspend
periodsperiod
inin
variousvarious
departmentsdepartment
asas
partpart
ofof
theirtheir
socialsocial
studiesstudy
oror
communitycommunity
placementplacement
shouldshould
bebe
encouragedencourage
..
Fromfrom
thisthis
itit
cancan
bebe
seensee
thatthat
recruitmentrecruitment
willwill
bebe
mostmuch
effectiveeffective
ifif
everyoneeveryone
isbe
involvedinvolve
andand
understandsunderstand
thethe
problemproblem
..
Thethe
proponentsproponent
ofof
suchsuch
outrageousoutrageous
plansplan
werebe
easilyeasily
muzzledmuzzle
andand
isolatedisolate
byby
thethe
policepolice
andand
militarymilitary
authoritiesauthority
,,
butbut
localizedlocalized
,,
""
patrioticpatriotic
""
sympathiessympathy
forfor
somesome
kindkind
ofof
regionalregional
autonomyautonomy
continuedcontinue
toto
bebe
cherishedcherish
byby
aa
fewfew
individualsindividual
andand
groupingsgrouping
untiluntil
thethe
collapsecollapse
ofof
tsaristtsarist
authorityauthority
andand
thethe
ensuingensuing
chaoschaos
ofof
revolutionrevolution
andand
civilcivil
warwar
createdcreate
conditionscondition
inin
whichwhich
thethe
adherentsadherent
ofof
Siberiansiberian
independenceindependence
couldcould
nownow
openlyopenly
presspress
theirtheir
casecase
andand
joinjoin
inin
thethe
bitterbitter
,,
fratricidalfratricidal
strugglestruggle
ofof
contendingcontending
politicalpolitical
andand
nationalistnationalist
forcesforce
whichwhich
ragedrage
acrossacross
thethe
country'scountry
hugehuge
expansesexpanse
betweenbetween
19171917
andand
19221922
..
no doubt
Nono
doubtdoubt
thethe
materialmaterial
cultureculture
ofof
thethe
Russiansrussian
wasbe
moremuch
highlyhighly
developeddevelop
thanthan
thatthat
ofof
mostmost
Siberiansiberian
peoplespeoples
,,
in so far as
inin
soso
farfar
asas
theythey
builtbuild
loglog
houseshouse
withwith
woodenwooden
floorsfloor
,,
windowswindow
andand
stovesstove
;;
worewear
clothingclothing
mademake
ofof
textilestextile
wovenweave
fromfrom
linenlinen
,,
hemphemp
oror
woolwool
;;
useduse
steamsteam
bathsbath
;;
werebe
ableable
toto
shootshoot
gamegame
((
andand
peoplepeople
))
moremuch
efficientlyefficiently
withwith
bulletsbullet
thanthan
withwith
arrowsarrow
;;
useduse
vesselsvessel
mademake
ofof
ceramicsceramic
oror
metalmetal
;;
providedprovide
themselvesthemselves
withwith
graingrain
andand
vegetablesvegetable
wherewhere
naturalnatural
conditionscondition
permittedpermit
,,
and so on
andand
soso
onon
..
((
19831983
))
havehave
foundfind
aa
relativerelative
shiftshift
ofof
manufacturingmanufacturing
industryindustry
fromfrom
highlyhighly
urbanizedurbanize
toto
ruralrural
regionsregion
acrossacross
thethe
entireentire
Europeaneuropean
Communitycommunity
,,
andand
Bradshawbradshaw
andand
Blakeleyblakeley
((
19831983
))
havehave
pointedpoint
outout
threethree
significantsignificant
trendstrend
inin
thethe
USus
ruralrural
economyeconomy
::
firstfirst
,,
thatthat
agricultureagriculture
isbe
no longer
nono
longerlong
thethe
dominantdominant
employeremployer
;;
secondsecond
,,
thatthat
manufacturingmanufacturing
employmentemployment
hashave
growngrow
inin
ruralrural
areasarea
;;
andand
thirdthird
,,
thatthat
servicesservice
havehave
expandedexpand
toto
employemploy
nearlynearly
6060
per cent
perper
centcent
ofof
thethe
ruralrural
labourlabour
forceforce
andand
toto
provideprovide
thethe
newnew
basicbasic
economyeconomy
forfor
thethe
growinggrowing
ruralrural
populationpopulation
..
DOG-WHELKSdog-whelk
::
ANa
INTRODUCTIONintroduction
TOto
THEthe
BIOLOGYbiology
OFof
NUCELLAnucella
LAPILLUSlapillus
((
L.l.
))
J.j.
H.h.
CROTHERScrothers
Fieldfield
Studiesstudy
Councilcouncil
::
Thethe
Leonardleonard
Willswills
Fieldfield
Centrecentre
,,
Nettlecombenettlecombe
Courtcourt
,,
Willitonwilliton
,,
Tauntontaunton
,,
Somersetsomerset
TA4ta4
4HT4ht
Itit
wasbe
writtenwrite
toto
helphelp
studentsstudent
interpretinterpret
thethe
resultsresult
ofof
theirtheir
fieldworkfieldwork
byby
providingprovide
thethe
essentialessential
backgroundbackground
informationinformation
..
Butbut
above all
aboveabove
allall
,,
thethe
intentionintention
wasbe
toto
stimulatestimulate
furtherfar
investigationsinvestigation
,,
forfor
dog-whelksdog-whelk
arebe
excellentexcellent
subjectssubject
forfor
studentstudent
projectsproject
..
Asas
thethe
titletitle
suggestssuggest
,,
thisthis
workwork
isbe
concernedconcern
primarilyprimarily
withwith
thethe
Atlanticatlantic
speciesspecies
,,
Nucellanucella
lapilluslapillus
,,
butbut
informationinformation
onon
otherother
speciesspecies
inin
thethe
genusgenus
isbe
includedinclude
wherewhere
availableavailable
..
Onon
arrivalarrival
atat
Daledale
Fortfort
Fieldfield
Centrecentre
((
overlookingoverlook
Milfordmilford
Havenhaven
))
inin
19631963
,,
Ii
foundfind
Johnjohn
Barrett'sbarrett
staffstaff
usinguse
aa
projectproject
onon
theirtheir
A-levela-level
biologybiology
coursescourse
involvinginvolve
thethe
comparisoncomparison
ofof
dog-whelkdog-whelk
shellsshell
fromfrom
exposedexposed
andand
shelteredsheltered
shoresshore
..
Thethe
resultsresult
werebe
repeatablerepeatable
,,
werebe
unaffectedunaffected
byby
thethe
seasonseason
oror
thethe
weatherweather
,,
andand
couldcould
bebe
""
explainedexplain
""
withoutwithout
difficultydifficulty
..
Itit
wasbe
,,
in short
inin
shortshort
,,
aa
""
goodgood
""
studentstudent
projectproject
..
Promotedpromote
toto
thethe
Leonardleonard
Willswills
Fieldfield
Centrecentre
inin
19671967
,,
Ii
wasbe
surprisedsurprised
((
andand
notnot
at all
atat
allall
delighteddelighted
))
toto
findfind
thatthat
thethe
projectproject
diddo
notnot
""
workwork
""
inin
thethe
samesame
wayway
onon
Somersetsomerset
shoresshore
..
Nucellanucella
Rodingroding
((
17971797
))
isbe
aa
genusgenus
ofof
predatorypredatory
gastropodgastropod
molluscsmollusc
((
snailssnail
))
ofof
rockyrocky
seasea
shoresshore
..
Althoughalthough
thethe
typetype
speciesspecies
,,
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
,,
isbe
foundfind
inin
thethe
Northnorth
Atlanticatlantic
thethe
otherother
fivefive
livelive
inin
thethe
Northnorth
Pacificpacific
((
seesee
Appendixappendix
11
))
..
Dog-whelksdog-whelk
arebe
conspicuousconspicuous
,,
arebe
ofof
aa
convenientconvenient
sizesize
((
usuallyusually
betweenbetween
2020
andand
3535
mmmillimeter
longlong
))
,,
comparativelycomparatively
long-livedlong-lived
,,
harmlessharmless
toto
manman
,,
ofof
nono
commercialcommercial
importanceimportance
,,
widelywidely
distributeddistribute
andand
commoncommon
..
Individualsindividual
arebe
easilyeasily
markedmark
--
youyou
cancan
writewrite
onon
thethe
shellshell
withwith
aa
pencilpencil
,,
paintpaint
numbersnumber
onon
itit
oror
sawsee
groovesgroove
intointo
thethe
apertureaperture
..
Thethe
equivalentequivalent
ofof
larvallarval
stagesstage
arebe
completedcomplete
withinwithin
ana
eggegg
capsulecapsule
so that
soso
thatthat
thethe
youngyoung
emergeemerge
atat
thethe
crawlingcrawling
stagestage
whenwhen
theythey
arebe
easilyeasily
visiblevisible
toto
thethe
nakednaked
eyeeye
andand
cancan
bebe
fedfeed
inin
captivitycaptivity
..
Atat
allall
agesage
,,
dog-whelksdog-whelk
feedfeed
onon
discretediscrete
,,
easilyeasily
identifiableidentifiable
,,
macroscopicmacroscopic
sedentarysedentary
preyprey
((
uponupon
whichwhich
theythey
remainremain
forfor
manymany
hourshour
oror
daysday
))
whichwhich
notnot
onlyonly
rendersrender
predator/preypredator/prey
investigationsinvestigation
inin
thethe
fieldfield
possiblepossible
butbut
alsoalso
facilitatesfacilitate
thethe
maintenancemaintenance
ofof
thesethese
animalsanimal
inin
aquariaaquarium
..
above all
Aboveabove
allall
,,
theythey
lendlend
themselvesthemselves
toto
aa
studystudy
ofof
variationvariation
andand
thethe
morphologicalmorphological
responseresponse
ofof
aa
speciesspecies
toto
environmentalenvironmental
selectionselection
processesprocess
..
Thisthis
paperpaper
hashave
beenbe
writtenwrite
toto
provideprovide
aa
backgroundbackground
forfor
studentsstudent
((
ofof
allall
agesage
))
seekingseek
toto
interpretinterpret
thethe
resultsresult
ofof
aa
shoreshore
surveysurvey
oror
planningplan
aa
rockyrocky
shoreshore
projectproject
..
Ifif
thethe
texttext
doesdo
notnot
ofof
itselfitself
suggestsuggest
linesline
ofof
furtherfar
investigationinvestigation
,,
Appendixappendix
55
maymay
bebe
consultedconsult
..
Therethere
isbe
ana
extensiveextensive
listlist
ofof
referencesreference
so that
soso
thatthat
thethe
paperpaper
maymay
alsoalso
serveserve
asas
ana
introductionintroduction
toto
thethe
literatureliterature
aboutabout
thesethese
animalsanimal
..
Inin
mostmost
placesplace
mostmost
individualsindividual
willwill
bebe
foundfind
feedingfeed
onon
barnaclesbarnacle
oror
musselsmussel
,,
butbut
aa
widewide
varietyvariety
ofof
otherother
molluscsmollusc
maymay
bebe
attackedattack
onon
occasionoccasion
((
Tabletable
11
))
..
Allall
Muricaceansmuricacean
((
seesee
Appendixappendix
11
forfor
thethe
classificationclassification
))
thatthat
havehave
beenbe
studiedstudy
closelyclosely
appearappear
toto
feedfeed
inin
aa
similarsimilar
mannermanner
((
Carrikercarriker
,,
19811981
))
..
Toto
mymy
mindmind
thethe
processprocess
ofof
""
drillingdrilling
""
involvesinvolve
rotationrotation
;;
shellshell
penetrationpenetration
inin
gastropodsgastropod
doesdo
notnot
--
soso
Ii
willwill
useuse
""
boringboring
""
..
Aristotlearistotle
isbe
creditedcredit
withwith
thethe
firstfirst
writtenwritten
recordrecord
ofof
thethe
factfact
thatthat
certaincertain
marinemarine
predatorypredatory
gastropodsgastropod
obtainobtain
theirtheir
foodfood
throughthrough
thethe
holeshole
theythey
excavateexcavate
inin
theirtheir
preyprey
..
Speculationspeculation
aboutabout
thethe
mechanismmechanism
ofof
shellshell
penetrationpenetration
hashave
continuedcontinue
everever
sincesince
andand
thethe
literatureliterature
isbe
fullfull
ofof
contrarycontrary
opinionsopinion
..
Thethe
earlierearly
workersworker
thoughtthink
thatthat
thethe
boringboring
wasbe
achievedachieve
simplysimply
byby
thethe
mechanicalmechanical
scrapingscraping
actionaction
ofof
thethe
radularadula
((
seesee
Fretterfretter
&and
Grahamgraham
,,
19621962
))
,,
butbut
itit
isbe
nownow
realisedrealise
((
Carrikercarriker
,,
19811981
))
thatthat
thethe
boringboring
processprocess
involvesinvolve
aa
combinationcombination
ofof
mechanicalmechanical
andand
chemicalchemical
activityactivity
..
Chemicalchemical
softeningsoftening
isbe
effectedeffect
byby
thethe
secretionsecretion
ofof
enzymesenzyme
,,
carboniccarbonic
anhydraseanhydrase
inin
particularparticular
whichwhich
attacksattack
thethe
organicorganic
matrixmatrix
ofof
thethe
shellshell
,,
fromfrom
ana
Accessoryaccessory
Boringboring
Organorgan
((
ABOabo
))
situatedsituate
inin
thethe
solesole
ofof
thethe
footfoot
towardstowards
thethe
anterioranterior
endend
((
Tabletable
22
::
seesee
Webbwebb
andand
Saleuddinsaleuddin
,,
19771977
))
..
Thethe
shapeshape
ofof
thethe
resultingresulting
holehole
((
Fig.figure
11
))
reflectsreflect
thethe
shapeshape
ofof
thethe
ABOabo
andand
notnot
ofof
thethe
radularadula
,,
whichwhich
playsplay
aa
comparativelycomparatively
minorminor
rolerole
inin
thethe
mechanicalmechanical
removalremoval
ofof
shellshell
fragmentsfragment
..
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
((
19621962
))
quotequote
figuresfigure
thatthat
suggestsuggest
aa
raterate
ofof
boringboring
intointo
limpetlimpet
((
Patellapatella
))
shellsshell
ofof
0.1750.175
mmmillimeter
perper
hourhour
butbut
nono
detailsdetail
arebe
givengive
ofof
thethe
relativerelative
sizessize
ofof
predatorpredator
andand
preyprey
,,
oror
ofof
thethe
temperaturetemperature
..
Nucellanucella
hashave
toto
borebore
allall
butbut
thethe
smallestsmall
musselsmussel
,,
butbut
ana
adultadult
dog-whelkdog-whelk
cancan
usuallyusually
injectinject
thethe
narcoticnarcotic
betweenbetween
thethe
opercularopercular
platesplate
ofof
aa
barnaclebarnacle
toto
relaxrelax
thethe
preyprey
withoutwithout
boringboring
((
Carrikercarriker
,,
19811981
))
..
Thisthis
hashave
markedmark
hypertensivehypertensive
effectseffect
as well as
asas
wellwell
asas
aa
neuromuscularneuromuscular
blockingblocking
actionaction
..
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
((
19621962
))
,,
onon
thethe
otherother
handhand
,,
thoughtthink
thethe
solesole
functionfunction
ofof
thethe
hypobranchialhypobranchial
glandgland
wasbe
toto
produceproduce
aa
glairyglairy
slimeslime
toto
cementcement
particlesparticle
togethertogether
asas
theythey
arebe
sweptsweep
out of
outout
ofof
thethe
mantlemantle
cavitycavity
--
despitedespite
theirtheir
recognitionrecognition
ofof
urocyanylcholineurocyanylcholine
inin
thethe
secretionsecretion
..
Shouldshould
itit
bebe
lostlose
oror
damageddamage
,,
itit
cancan
bebe
regeneratedregenerate
quicklyquickly
..
Thisthis
isbe
notnot
thethe
casecase
Inin
at least
atat
leastleast
oneone
speciesspecies
ofof
thethe
relatedrelated
genusgenus
Thaisthais
whichwhich
hashave
shiftshift
positionposition
afterafter
injectinginject
thethe
narcoticnarcotic
andand
feedsfeed
atat
thethe
gapinggaping
edgeedge
ofof
thethe
victim'svictim
shellshell
((
Carrikercarriker
,,
19811981
))
..
Itit
isbe
obviouslyobviously
impracticalimpractical
toto
havehave
bulkybulky
salivarysalivary
glandsgland
inin
thethe
slenderslender
retractileretractile
proboscisproboscis
andand
theythey
lielie
atat
itsits
innerinner
endend
,,
anterioranterior
ofof
thethe
cerebralcerebral
commissurecommissure
..
Inin
realityreality
,,
itit
isbe
probablyprobably
aa
combinationcombination
ofof
twotwo
oror
moremore
ofof
thesethese
andand
doubtlessdoubtless
changeschange
asas
thethe
animalanimal
growsgrow
,,
forfor
aa
widerwide
choicechoice
isbe
availableavailable
toto
largerlarge
individualsindividual
..
Alternativelyalternatively
,,
wewe
mightmight
expectexpect
thethe
predationpredation
patternpattern
toto
showshow
aa
formform
ofof
apostaticapostatic
selectionselection
((
Clarkeclarke
,,
19621962
))
::
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
choosingchoose
thethe
mostmuch
frequentlyfrequently
encounteredencounter
ofof
thethe
potentialpotential
preyprey
speciesspecies
..
Thisthis
isbe
wellwell
knownknow
forfor
predatorspredator
((
especiallyespecially
birdsbird
))
whichwhich
formform
aa
searchingsearching
imageimage
;;
seesee
,,
for example
forfor
exampleexample
,,
Coopercooper
((
19841984
))
..
Thethe
argumentargument
runsrun
asas
followsfollow
--
whenwhen
youyou
enjoyenjoy
ana
itemitem
ofof
foodfood
youyou
searchsearch
forfor
another one
anotheranother
oneone
likelike
itit
,,
onlyonly
acceptingaccept
ana
alternativealternative
ifif
youyou
arebe
unsuccessfulunsuccessful
..
Itit
maymay
bebe
thatthat
Morganmorgan
((
19721972
))
observedobserve
apostaticapostatic
selectionselection
byby
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
betweenbetween
thethe
acornacorn
barnaclebarnacle
Semibalanussemibalanus
balanoidesbalanoides
andand
thethe
cocklecockle
Cerastodermacerastoderma
eduleedule
atat
Oldold
Denden
inin
thethe
mouthmouth
ofof
thethe
Humberhumber
,,
UKuk
..
Whenwhen
theythey
werebe
notnot
,,
theythey
switchedswitch
toto
cocklescockle
((
althoughalthough
itit
tooktake
somesome
timetime
forfor
themthem
toto
learnlearn
thethe
techniquetechnique
ofof
shellshell
penetrationpenetration
))
..
Hehe
foundfind
thatthat
whenwhen
thethe
predatorpredator
showsshow
aa
strongstrong
preferencepreference
forfor
oneone
preyprey
,,
asas
N.n.
emarginataemarginata
doesdo
forfor
Mytilusmytilus
edulisedulis
overover
M.m.
callfornianuscallfornianus
,,
nono
amountamount
ofof
laboratorylaboratory
trainingtraining
willwill
alteralter
thisthis
..
Eveneven
whenwhen
thethe
preferencepreference
isbe
weakweak
,,
thethe
switchswitch
willwill
notnot
occuroccur
unlessunless
therethere
hashave
beenbe
timetime
forfor
thethe
predatorspredator
toto
learnlearn
howhow
toto
handlehandle
thethe
otherother
((
nownow
abundantabundant
))
speciesspecie
..
Analaanala
((
19741974
))
thoughtthink
thatthat
musselsmussel
shouldshould
bebe
thethe
preferredpreferred
preyprey
forfor
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
asas
theythey
offeredoffer
aa
richerrich
sourcesource
ofof
foodfood
thanthan
barnaclesbarnacle
;;
4.8444.844
kkilo
calcalorie
ggram
ââ
11
drydry
weightweight
comparedcompare
withwith
3.8273.827
..
Carefootcarefoot
((
19771977
))
,,
consideringconsider
thethe
feedingfeeding
habitshabit
ofof
thethe
Pacificpacific
V.v.
lamellosalamellosa
predatingpredate
musselsmussel
,,
Mytilusmytilus
edulisedulis
,,
oror
acornacorn
barnaclesbarnacle
,,
Balanusbalanus
glandulaglandula
,,
inin
thethe
laboratorylaboratory
,,
diddo
notnot
makemake
thatthat
mistakemistake
..
Shellshell
thicknessthickness
variesvary
greatlygreatly
withinwithin
speciesspecies
andand
calorificcalorific
valuesvalue
varyvary
withwith
thethe
sizesize
,,
ageage
,,
andand
reproductivereproductive
statestate
ofof
thethe
preyprey
asas
wellwell
asas
withwith
thethe
seasonseason
ofof
thethe
yearyear
..
Mostmost
publishedpublished
accountsaccount
saysay
thatthat
Nucellanucella
((
allall
speciesspecies
))
feedsfeed
onon
barnaclesbarnacle
andand
musselsmussel
,,
butbut
theythey
differdiffer
aboutabout
whichwhich
isbe
thethe
preferredpreferred
preyprey
..
Muchmuch
ofof
thisthis
confusionconfusion
hashave
beenbe
causedcause
byby
thethe
assumptionassumption
thatthat
dog-whelksdog-whelk
arebe
poorpoor
taxonomiststaxonomist
andand
cancan
notnot
discriminatediscriminate
betweenbetween
speciesspecies
ofof
barnaclesbarnacle
..
Connellconnell
((
19611961
))
showedshow
thatthat
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
inin
thethe
Clydeclyde
((
W.w.
Scotlandscotland
))
fedfeed
onon
Semibalanussemibalanus
balanoidesbalanoides
,,
ignoringignore
Chthamaluschthamalus
montaguimontagui
[[
Connellconnell
diddo
n'tnot
useuse
thosethose
namesname
,,
butbut
seesee
Rainbowrainbow
((
19841984
))
]]
..
Barnettbarnett
((
19791979
))
showedshow
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
toto
selectselect
5.5.
balanoidesbalanoides
inin
preferencepreference
toto
Elminiuselminius
modestusmodestus
inin
thethe
laboratorylaboratory
..
Inin
thethe
extremeextreme
southwestsouthwest
ofof
Englandengland
,,
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
veryvery
definitelydefinitely
selectsselect
musselsmussel
inin
preferencepreference
toto
barnaclesbarnacle
((
whichwhich
arebe
almostalmost
entirelyentirely
E.e.
modestusmodestus
,,
C.c.
montaguimontagui
andand
C.c.
stellatusstellatus
))
restrictingrestrict
theirtheir
distributiondistribution
inin
somesome
placesplace
..
Onon
thethe
Pacificpacific
Northwestnorthwest
coastcoast
ofof
Americaamerica
,,
Palmerpalmer
((
19831983
))
showedshow
thatthat
N.n.
canaliculatacanaliculata
,,
N.n.
emarginataemarginata
andand
((
toto
aa
lesserlittle
extentextent
))
H.h.
lamellosalamellosa
favourfavour
smallsmall
Semibalanussemibalanus
cariosuscariosus
overover
Balanusbalanus
glandulaglandula
overover
Mytilusmytilus
edulisedulis
overover
Chthamaluschthamalus
dalliidalli
..
Withwith
nono
barnaclesbarnacle
oror
musselsmussel
toto
bebe
seensee
,,
almostalmost
thethe
entireentire
dog-whelkdog-whelk
populationpopulation
onon
Capecape
Enrageenrage
((
Newnew
Brunswickbrunswick
,,
Canadacanada
))
wasbe
feedingfeed
onon
youngyoung
edibleedible
winkleswinkle
Littorinalittorina
littorealittorea
inin
Novembernovember
19811981
((
Crotherscrothers
,,
19831983
))
..
Yetyet
Morganmorgan
((
19721972
))
wrotewrite
thatthat
Britishbritish
Easteast
Coastcoast
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
refusedrefuse
toto
attackattack
L.l.
littorealittorea
even when
eveneven
whenwhen
starvedstarve
forfor
44
monthsmonth
..
Aboveabove
andand
belowbelow
thatthat
sizesize
therethere
willwill
bebe
aa
poorpoor
returnreturn
forfor
efforteffort
--
eithereither
thethe
gaingain
isbe
notnot
worthworth
botheringbother
aboutabout
,,
oror
itit
isbe
achievedachieve
atat
tootoo
greatgreat
aa
costcost
..
Inin
thethe
relatedrelated
oysteroyster
drilldrill
Urosalpinxurosalpinx
cinereacinerea
,,
Prattpratt
((
19671967
))
foundfind
thatthat
aa
starvedstarved
snailsnail
wouldwould
movemove
away from
awayaway
fromfrom
otherother
starvedstarved
individualsindividual
,,
butbut
towardstowards
onesone
whichwhich
hadhave
recentlyrecently
fedfeed
..
Thethe
feedingfeeding
processprocess
takestake
quitequite
aa
longlong
timetime
,,
dependingdepend
of course
ofof
coursecourse
onon
thethe
sizessize
ofof
thethe
individualsindividual
concernedconcern
andand
variousvarious
environmentalenvironmental
factorsfactor
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
temperaturetemperature
((
seesee
p.page
303303
))
..
Connellconnell
((
19701970
))
foundfind
thatthat
thethe
Pacificpacific
Nucellanucella
tooktake
99
hrhr
toto
borebore
throughthrough
largelarge
barnaclesbarnacle
,,
aboutabout
70007000
ofof
theirtheir
totaltotal
feedingfeeding
timetime
..
Aa
similarsimilar
thaidthaid
,,
Acanthinaacanthina
punctulatapunctulata
,,
requiresrequire
99
hrhr
toto
borebore
intointo
winklewinkle
((
Littorinalittorina
))
shellsshell
andand
aa
furtherfar
1414
hrhr
toto
consumeconsume
themthem
((
Mengemenge
,,
19781978
))
whilstwhilst
thethe
Americanamerican
oysteroyster
drilldrill
,,
Urosalpinxurosalpinx
cinereacinerea
,,
inin
Britainbritain
takestake
at least
atat
leastleast
22
daysday
toto
borebore
oysteroyster
shellsshell
((
Hancockhancock
,,
19601960
))
..
Datadata
givengive
byby
Largenlargen
((
19671967
))
andand
Baynebayne
andand
Scullardscullard
((
19781978
))
cancan
bebe
interpretedinterpret
toto
suggestsuggest
aa
meanmean
annualannual
consumptionconsumption
ofof
betweenbetween
1515
andand
4040
musselsmussel
perper
dog-whelkdog-whelk
..
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
((
19621962
))
mentionmention
aa
feedingfeeding
raterate
ofof
0.50.5
musselsmussel
perper
dayday
whilstwhilst
Analaanala
((
19741974
))
givesgive
0.590.59
musselsmussel
perper
dayday
..
Aa
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
ofof
drydry
weightweight
120120
mgmilligram
((
shellshell
lengthlength
23.323.3
mmmillimeter
))
requiredrequire
aa
dailydaily
intakeintake
ofof
2.22.2
mgmilligram
ofof
musselmussel
fleshflesh
inin
summersummer
((
Baynebayne
andand
Scullardscullard
,,
19781978
))
..
Analaanala
((
19741974
))
recordedrecord
feedingfeeding
ratesrate
up to
upup
toto
2.45.2.45.
balanoidesbalanoides
perper
dayday
,,
butbut
thisthis
seemsseem
exceptionalexceptional
andand
presumablypresumably
involvedinvolve
youngyoung
barnaclesbarnacle
..
Largenlargen
((
19671967
))
investigatedinvestigate
thethe
effecteffect
ofof
temperaturetemperature
onon
feedingfeeding
::
atat
2020
°degree
Ccelsius
,,
thethe
whelkswhelk
averagedaverage
1616
barnaclesbarnacle
oror
0.70.7
ofof
aa
musselmussel
perper
weekweek
whilstwhilst
atat
1515
°degree
Ccelsius
thethe
figuresfigure
werebe
10.210.2
andand
0.40.4
respectivelyrespectively
..
Inin
Britainbritain
,,
thethe
sitessite
wherewhere
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
mostmuch
clearlyclearly
dominatesdominate
thethe
distributiondistribution
ofof
itsits
preyprey
speciesspecies
arebe
usuallyusually
""
relativelyrelatively
benignbenign
""
,,
beingbe
ofof
intermediateintermediate
exposureexposure
..
Inin
thethe
Isleisle
ofof
Manman
,,
Southwardsouthward
((
19531953
;;
alsoalso
quotedquote
byby
Connellconnell
,,
19611961
))
gavegive
aa
maximummaximum
ofof
3131
mm
--
22
atat
MTLmtl
whilstwhilst
Moore'smoore
((
19381938
))
figuresfigure
reachreach
200200
mmeter
ââ
22
inin
Cornwallcornwall
..
Notnot
surprisinglysurprisingly
,,
itsits
distributiondistribution
onon
anyany
shoreshore
reflectsreflect
thethe
distributiondistribution
ofof
itsits
favouredfavoured
preyprey
,,
subject to
subjectsubject
toto
thethe
effectseffect
ofof
predationpredation
,,
desiccationdesiccation
andand
otherother
physiologicalphysiological
stressesstress
,,
such as
suchsuch
asas
salinitysalinity
andand
coldcold
((
seesee
p.page
303303
))
..
Overover
mostmost
ofof
itsits
geographicalgeographical
rangerange
,,
thethe
middlemiddle
shoreshore
acornacorn
barnaclebarnacle
Semibalanussemibalanus
balanoidesbalanoides
isbe
thethe
favouredfavoured
foodfood
;;
wherewhere
5.5.
balanoidesbalanoides
isbe
scarcescarce
oror
absentabsent
,,
Nucellanucella
distributiondistribution
reflectsreflect
thethe
availabilityavailability
ofof
musselsmussel
,,
limpetslimpet
oror
winkleswinkle
..
Toto
thethe
humanhuman
palatepalate
,,
eveneven
oneone
attunedattune
toto
""
seasea
foodfood
""
,,
dog-whelksdog-whelk
arebe
distastefuldistasteful
((
Majormajor
W.w.
W.w.
Kerker
,,
personalpersonal
communicationcommunication
))
,,
presumablypresumably
because of
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
hypobranchialhypobranchial
andand
otherother
secretionssecretion
associatedassociate
withwith
shellshell
penetrationpenetration
..
Mooremoore
((
19381938
))
believedbelieve
thethe
oystercatcheroystercatcher
,,
Haematopushaematopus
ostralegusostralegus
,,
toto
bebe
thethe
mainmain
avianavian
predatorpredator
andand
Fearefeare
((
19671967
))
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
""
aa
largelarge
proportionproportion
""
ofof
thethe
estimatedestimated
69006900
ofof
adultadult
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
mortalitymortality
onon
thethe
Yorkshireyorkshire
coastcoast
inin
thethe
winterwinter
ofof
1965-661965-66
wasbe
due to
duedue
toto
thesethese
birdsbird
..
Despitedespite
allall
thethe
aboveabove
,,
Fearefeare
((
19711971
asas
quotedquote
byby
Crampcramp
et al.
etet
al.al.
,,
19831983
))
diddo
notnot
regardregard
dog-whelksdog-whelk
asas
ana
importantimportant
foodfood
sourcesource
forfor
oystercatchersoystercatchers
inin
Englandengland
--
thethe
lowlow
successsuccess
raterate
ofof
attemptsattempt
toto
breakbreak
dogwhelkdog-whelk
shellsshell
,,
coupledcouple
withwith
thethe
smallsmall
quantityquantity
ofof
foodfood
eventuallyeventually
obtainedobtain
,,
rendersrender
itit
ana
uneconomicaluneconomical
preyprey
..
Eidereider
ducksduck
,,
Somateriasomateria
mollissimamollissima
,,
taketake
dog-whelksdog-whelk
,,
along with
alongalong
withwith
thethe
musselsmussel
onon
whichwhich
bothboth
arebe
feedingfeed
,,
inin
southeasternsoutheastern
Norwaynorway
((
Crampcramp
et al.
etet
al.al.
,,
19771977
))
andand
Shetlandshetland
((
personalpersonal
observationobservation
))
..
Thethe
figuresfigure
givengive
byby
Vermeijvermeij
((
19761976
))
suggestsuggest
thatthat
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
more than
moremuch
thanthan
2525
mmmillimeter
longlong
arebe
safesafe
fromfrom
eveneven
largelarge
shoreshore
crabscrab
,,
Carcinuscarcinus
maenasmaenas
,,
andand
velvetvelvet
swimmingswimming
crabscrab
,,
Liocarcinusliocarcinus
puberpuber
,,
((
Tabletable
66
))
..
Aa
dogwhelk'sdog-whelk
tolerancetolerance
ofof
reducedreduced
salinitysalinity
isbe
probablyprobably
lowlow
,,
despitedespite
Pelseneer'spelseneer
((
19351935
))
statementstatement
thatthat
theythey
cancan
survivesurvive
9.59.5
daysday
inin
freshfresh
waterwater
((
Mooremoore
19381938
))
andand
Agersborg'sagersborg
((
19291929
))
findingfinding
ofof
livingliving
animalsanimal
inin
freshwaterfreshwater
poolspool
atat
highhigh
waterwater
markmark
inin
Norwaynorway
..
Dog-whelksdog-whelk
arebe
unableunable
toto
feedfeed
underunder
brackishbrackish
conditionscondition
((
Fig.figure
33
))
andand
itit
seemsseem
veryvery
likelylikely
thatthat
thethe
newlynewly
hatchedhatch
youngyoung
arebe
lesslittle
toleranttolerant
ofof
lowlow
salinitiessalinity
thanthan
theirtheir
parentsparent
((
Mr.mr.
E.e.
B.b.
Cowellcowell
,,
personalpersonal
communicationcommunication
))
..
Fearefeare
((
19701970
))
notednote
thatthat
1000010000
ofof
thethe
eggegg
capsulescapsule
laidlay
inin
rockrock
poolspool
ofof
normalnormal
salinitysalinity
hatchedhatch
;;
inin
contrastcontrast
toto
onlyonly
27002700
ofof
thethe
capsulescapsule
laidlay
inin
poolspool
throughthrough
whichwhich
therethere
wasbe
aa
freshwaterfreshwater
run-offrun-off
..
Inin
thethe
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
,,
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
reachesreach
Sandsand
Pointpoint
aboveabove
western-super-Marewestern-super-mare
((
Boydenboyden
et al.
etet
al.al.
,,
19771977
))
butbut
isbe
confinedconfine
toto
thethe
lowerlow
shoreshore
upup
channelchannel
fromfrom
Mineheadminehead
,,
aa
distributiondistribution
patternpattern
thatthat
maymay
reducereduce
itsits
exposureexposure
toto
waterwater
ofof
reducedreduced
salinitysalinity
..
Thethe
closeclose
proximityproximity
ofof
V.v.
lapillus'slapillus
northernnorthern
geographicalgeographical
limitlimit
toto
thethe
00
°Cdegree celsius
winterwinter
isothermisotherm
((
Appendixappendix
33
))
suggestssuggest
thatthat
iceice
maymay
bebe
thethe
limitinglimiting
factorfactor
..
((
19641964
))
listedlist
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
asas
oneone
ofof
thethe
speciesspecies
unaffectedunaffected
byby
thethe
coldcold
winterwinter
ofof
1962/631962/63
inin
Britainbritain
,,
Mooremoore
quotesquote
Caullerycaullery
((
19291929
))
asas
sayingsay
itit
wasbe
affectedaffect
byby
aa
coldcold
winterwinter
atat
Boulogneboulogne
..
Ortonorton
andand
Lewislewis
((
19311931
))
foundfind
thethe
proportionproportion
ofof
Nucellanucella
toto
Urosalpinxurosalpinx
toto
havehave
fallenfall
onon
thethe
oysteroyster
bedsbed
inin
thethe
Blackwaterblackwater
Estuaryestuary
underunder
similarsimilar
circumstancescircumstance
..
Atat
00
°degree
Ccelsius
,,
H.h.
lapilluslapillus
isbe
completelycompletely
inactiveinactive
andand
whenwhen
thethe
waterwater
temperaturetemperature
fallsfall
toto
thisthis
levellevel
,,
animalsanimal
attachedattach
toto
steepsteep
substratasubstratum
oftenoften
fallfall
offoff
..
lapilluslapillus
cancan
withstandwithstand
beingbe
frozenfreeze
intointo
seasea
iceice
,,
butbut
aa
numbernumber
ofof
otherother
gastropodsgastropod
arebe
ableable
toto
survivesurvive
thisthis
experienceexperience
,,
andand
maymay
bebe
transportedtransport
considerableconsiderable
distancesdistance
inin
iceice
flowsflow
((
Medcofmedcof
andand
Thomasthomas
,,
19741974
))
..
Manymany
ofof
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
sampledsample
onon
thethe
shoreshore
therethere
inin
Octoberoctober
19811981
hadhave
theirtheir
shellsshell
encrustedencrust
withwith
thethe
tubestube
ofof
spirorbidspirobid
wormsworm
,,
whichwhich
suggestssuggest
thatthat
theythey
hadhave
spentspend
thethe
summersummer
belowbelow
thethe
tidemarkstidemark
toto
escapeescape
thethe
heatheat
..
Inin
hishis
Kentkent
andand
Sussexsussex
populationspopulation
,,
thethe
crucialcrucial
temperaturetemperature
wasbe
99
°degree
Ccelsius
;;
aa
riserise
inin
thethe
meanmean
waterwater
temperaturetemperature
aboveabove
thisthis
levellevel
inin
thethe
springspring
initiatedinitiate
capsulecapsule
productionproduction
..
Hehe
alsoalso
investigatedinvestigate
thethe
effecteffect
ofof
temperaturetemperature
onon
feedingfeed
::
atat
2020
°degree
Ccelsius
,,
thethe
whelkswhelk
averagedaverage
1616
barnaclesbarnacle
oror
0.70.7
ofof
aa
musselmussel
perper
weekweek
whilstwhilst
atat
1515
°degree
Ccelsius
thethe
figuresfigure
werebe
10.210.2
andand
0.40.4
respectivelyrespectively
..
Pelseneerpelseneer
((
19261926
))
consideredconsider
thethe
broadestbroad
specimensspecimen
toto
bebe
femalesfemale
butbut
mostmost
authorsauthor
havehave
notnot
foundfind
itit
possiblepossible
toto
determinedetermine
thethe
sexsex
ofof
livingliving
animalsanimal
onon
thethe
basisbasis
ofof
shellshell
formform
oror
bodybody
colourcolour
,,
althoughalthough
thethe
largestlarge
individualsindividual
arebe
usuallyusually
femalesfemale
((
seesee
,,
for example
forfor
exampleexample
,,
Fearefeare
,,
19701970
;;
osborneosborne
,,
19771977
;;
Palmerpalmer
,,
19841984
))
..
Maturemature
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
arebe
thoughtthink
notnot
toto
growgrow
((
Mooremoore
,,
19361936
))
butbut
Mooremoore
((
19381938
))
foundfind
aa
preponderancepreponderance
ofof
femalesfemale
amongstamongst
thethe
largestlarge
dogdog
whelkswhelk
;;
hehe
thoughtthink
thisthis
isbe
duedue
eithereither
toto
differentialdifferential
growthgrowth
ratesrate
inin
thethe
twotwo
sexessex
oror
toto
differentialdifferential
onsetonset
ofof
maturitymaturity
.
FeareFeare
((
19701970
))
alsoalso
consideredconsider
thatthat
mostmost
ofof
thethe
oldestold
individualsindividual
werebe
femalefemale
..
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
((
19851985
))
notenote
thatthat
femalesfemale
fromfrom
thethe
northernmostnorthernmost
Europeaneuropean
populationspopulation
,,
inin
thethe
Whitewhite
Seasea
,,
laylay
betweenbetween
2020
andand
3030
capsulescapsule
inin
aa
seasonseason
--
aboutabout
one-fifthone-fifth
ofof
thethe
reproductivereproductive
efforteffort
ofof
temperatetemperate
Atlanticatlantic
animalsanimal
..
Aa
smallsmall
groupgroup
ofof
N.n.
canaliculatacanaliculata
,,
collectedcollect
atat
Fridayfriday
Harbourharbour
((
USAusa
))
inin
19811981
andand
keptkeep
atat
thethe
Leonardleonard
Willswills
Fieldfield
Centrecentre
,,
laidlay
fertilefertile
eggsegg
inin
thethe
springspring
ofof
19821982
andand
19831983
..
Developmentdevelopment
ofof
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
eggsegg
isbe
slowslow
,,
takingtake
aboutabout
fourfour
monthsmonth
inin
temperatetemperate
latitudeslatitude
butbut
up to
upup
toto
sevenseven
inin
thethe
Whitewhite
Seasea
,,
wherewhere
eggsegg
overwinteroverwinter
andand
hatchhatch
inin
thethe
followingfollowing
yearyear
((
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
,,
19851985
))
..
Attemptsattempt
werebe
mademake
inin
19721972
,,
andand
againagain
inin
19741974
,,
toto
rearrear
dogdog
whelkswhelk
inin
aquariaaquarium
atat
Nettlecombenettlecombe
Courtcourt
,,
underunder
covercover
butbut
inin
ana
un-heatedun-heated
roomroom
..
Observationsobservation
onon
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
capsulescapsule
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
betweenbetween
1212
andand
1515
crawlawayscrawlaway
hatchedhatch
fromfrom
eacheach
capsulecapsule
((
Crotherscrothers
,,
19771977
))
::
Fearefeare
((
19701970
))
gavegive
13-3613-36
withwith
aa
meanmean
ofof
2222
::
Fretterfretter
andand
Grahamgraham
((
19851985
))
gavegive
25-3525-35
..
Recently-hatchedrecently-hatched
dogwhelksdog-whelk
((
plateplate
1b1b
))
arebe
foundfind
atat
thethe
samesame
levellevel
asas
theirtheir
capsulescapsule
andand
seemseem
toto
preferprefer
thethe
emptyempty
casescase
ofof
barnaclesbarnacle
toto
thethe
shellsshell
ofof
livingliving
oror
deaddead
musselsmussel
..
Itit
maymay
bebe
thatthat
theirtheir
mainmain
requisiterequisite
atat
thisthis
stagestage
isbe
toto
findfind
protectionprotection
whilstwhilst
theythey
continuecontinue
toto
livelive
offoff
theirtheir
foodfood
reservesreserve
remainingremain
fromfrom
thethe
foodfood
capsulecapsule
..
Thusthus
,,
whilstwhilst
Feare'sfeare
((
19701970
))
youngstersyoungster
fromfrom
Robinrobin
Hood'shood
Baybay
werebe
less than
lesslittle
thanthan
1010
mmmillimeter
atat
oneone
yearyear
oldold
,,
a little
aa
littlelittle
overover
1515
mmmillimeter
atat
twotwo
andand
enteredenter
adulthoodadult
atat
aroundaround
2020
mmmillimeter
,,
thethe
equivalentequivalent
figuresfigure
forfor
Moore'smoore
((
19381938
))
Plymouthplymouth
enclavesenclave
arebe
10-1510-15
mmmillimeter
,,
21-2621-26
mmmillimeter
andand
29.529.5
mmmillimeter
respectivelyrespectively
..
Assumingassume
thisthis
2727
%percent
toto
bebe
representativerepresentative
ofof
thethe
adultadult
populationpopulation
,,
hehe
suggestedsuggest
aa
lifelife
expectancyexpectancy
forfor
aa
dog-whelkdog-whelk
inin
itsits
thirdthird
yearyear
toto
bebe
a little
aa
littlelittle
overover
threethree
moremuch
yearsyear
--
givinggive
aa
totaltotal
lifelife
spanspan
ofof
66
+plus
yearsyear
..
Thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
firstfirst
bredbreed
threethree
yearsyear
afterafter
beingbe
themselvesthemselves
laidlay
asas
eggsegg
,,
butbut
atat
differentdifferent
sizessize
according to
accordingaccord
toto
theirtheir
habitathabitat
--
1616
mmmillimeter
atat
Purcell'spurcell
Covecove
andand
2020
mmmillimeter
atat
Laurencetownlaurencetown
((
aa
discrepancydiscrepancy
thatthat
Hugheshughes
ascribedascribe
toto
thethe
differentialdifferential
availabilityavailability
ofof
preyprey
--
butbut
seesee
aboveabove
andand
p.page
320320
))
..
Inin
sheltershelter
,,
thethe
juvenilesjuvenile
showedshow
twotwo
fullfull
seasons'season
growthgrowth
beforebefore
reachingreach
maturitymaturity
andand
breedingbreeding
atat
thethe
ageage
ofof
33
((
asas
establishedestablish
byby
Mooremoore
andand
Fearefeare
forfor
Britishbritish
Nucellanucella
))
butbut
inin
exposedexposed
sitessite
therethere
wasbe
onlyonly
oneone
fullfull
season'sseason
growthgrowth
andand
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
bredbreed
atat
thethe
ageage
ofof
22
..
Speciesspecies
selectedselect
forfor
rr
((
thethe
intrinsicintrinsic
raterate
ofof
populationpopulation
increaseincrease
))
shouldshould
havehave
aa
highhigh
reproductivereproductive
raterate
,,
rapidrapid
growthgrowth
toto
maturitymaturity
,,
shortshort
lifelife
spanspan
,,
broadbroad
dispersaldispersal
abilityability
,,
poorpoor
competitivecompetitive
abilityability
andand
densitydensity
independentindependent
mortalitymortality
((
Southwoodsouthwood
et al.
etet
al.al.
,,
19741974
))
..
Theirtheir
functionfunction
appearsappear
toto
bebe
groupgroup
protectionprotection
fromfrom
waterwater
pressurepressure
althoughalthough
at least
atat
leastleast
oneone
predatorpredator
((
oystercatcheroystercatcher
))
seemsseem
notnot
toto
recogniserecognise
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
asas
suchsuch
en masse
enen
massemasse
andand
itit
isbe
conceivableconceivable
thatthat
aggregationaggregation
behaviourbehaviour
maymay
offeroffer
protectionprotection
fromfrom
thosethose
birdsbird
..
((
bb
))
winterwinter
aggregationsaggregation
comprisingcomprise
animalsanimal
ofof
allall
ageage
classesclass
((
butbut
withwith
thethe
olderold
onesone
arrivingarrive
firstfirst
andand
departingdepart
lastlast
))
arebe
oftenoften
ofof
aa
largerlarge
sizesize
andand
crowdcrowd
severalseveral
layerslayer
deepdeep
inin
crevicescrevice
andand
poolspool
..
Itit
shouldshould
notnot
bebe
assumedassume
fromfrom
thesethese
statementsstatement
thatthat
theythey
dodo
notnot
movemove
atat
allall
--
theythey
cancan
bebe
quitequite
activeactive
atat
highhigh
tidetide
byby
nightnight
butbut
thatthat
theythey
remainremain
withinwithin
thethe
samesame
generalgeneral
areaarea
ofof
shoreshore
..
Theythey
arebe
distributeddistribute
alongalong
thethe
shorelinesshoreline
inin
innumerableinnumerable
enclavesenclave
((
sensusensu
Crispcrisp
,,
19781978
))
**
manymany
ofof
whichwhich
mustmust
havehave
beenbe
isolatedisolate
forfor
longlong
enoughenough
((
sincesince
thethe
seasea
levellevel
roserise
toto
itsits
presentpresent
heightheight
afterafter
thethe
retreatretreat
ofof
thethe
lastlast
iceice
sheetsheet
))
forfor
themthem
toto
havehave
evolvedevolve
locallocal
formsform
toto
suitsuit
thethe
particularparticular
selectiveselective
influencesinfluence
ofof
theirtheir
habitatshabitat
..
Migrationmigration
ofof
onlyonly
oneone
individualindividual
perper
generationgeneration
maymay
bebe
enoughenough
toto
maintainmaintain
genegene
frequenciesfrequency
overover
ana
extensiveextensive
geographicalgeographical
rangerange
,,
inin
thethe
absenceabsence
ofof
selectionselection
((
Lewontinlewontin
,,
19741974
))
..
Eveneven
thisthis
informationinformation
,,
inin
thethe
absenceabsence
ofof
otherother
datadata
,,
willwill
notnot
provideprovide
anyany
indicationindication
ofof
whenwhen
anyany
genegene
flowflow
.
Staigerstaiger
((
19571957
,,
inin
Englishenglish
))
describeddescribe
aa
numericalnumerical
polymorphismpolymorphism
inin
chromosomechromosome
numbernumber
betweenbetween
enclavesenclave
ofof
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
onon
shoresshore
nearnear
Roscoffroscoff
inin
Brittanybrittany
..
Indeedindeed
,,
therethere
arebe
33
55
((
==
243243
))
possiblepossible
arrangementsarrangement
asas
,,
forfor
eacheach
pairpair
ofof
thethe
fivefive
variablevariable
metacentricsmetacentric
therethere
arebe
threethree
possiblepossible
arrangementsarrangement
::
22
metacentricsmetacentric
,,
11
metacentricmetacentric
+plus
22
acrocentricsacrocentric
,,
oror
44
acrocentricsacrocentric
..
Inin
Pembrokeshirepembrokeshire
,,
thethe
thickestthick
shellsshell
arebe
indeedindeed
fromfrom
shoresshore
ofof
intermediateintermediate
exposureexposure
((
Fig.figure
1010
))
andand
thethe
numericalnumerical
polymorphismpolymorphism
doesdo
occuroccur
((
C.c.
R.r.
Bantockbantock
,,
personalpersonal
communicationcommunication
))
butbut
nono
datadata
arebe
availableavailable
onon
thethe
chromosomeschromosome
ofof
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
measuredmeasure
..
Thethe
Bristolbristol
Channelchannel
andand
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
populationspopulation
arebe
monomorphicmonomorphic
nn
=equal sign
1313
((
Fig.figure
99
))
,,
asas
arebe
thosethose
ofof
Brittanybrittany
easteast
ofof
Roscoffroscoff
((
Staigerstaiger
,,
19571957
))
,,
thethe
Atlanticatlantic
coastcoast
ofof
Northnorth
Americaamerica
((
Mayrmayr
,,
19631963
))
andand
thosethose
atat
allall
thethe
Norwegiannorwegian
sitessite
studiedstudy
byby
Hoxmarkhoxmark
((
19701970
))
..
Mayrmayr
((
19631963
))
putsput
thisthis
moremuch
succinctlysuccinctly
::
""
thethe
differentdifferent
chromosomechromosome
numbersnumber
andand
habitathabitat
preferencespreference
hadhave
apparentlyapparently
developeddevelop
duringduring
aa
previousprevious
isolationisolation
ofof
thethe
13-13
andand
18-chromosome18-chromosome
typestype
withoutwithout
,,
howeverhowever
,,
leadinglead
toto
reproductivereproductive
isolationisolation
..
""
Howeverhowever
,,
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
isbe
thoughtthink
toto
havehave
arisenarise
fromfrom
oneone
ofof
thethe
Pacificpacific
speciesspecies
andand
notnot
thethe
otherother
wayway
roundround
((
seesee
p.page
338338
))
,,
soso
thethe
1313
formform
probablyprobably
arosearise
fromfrom
aa
3030
formform
byby
reductionreduction
..
Missmiss
C.c.
Pagepage
hashave
donedo
aa
veryvery
intensiveintensive
surveysurvey
onon
aa
sectionsection
ofof
thethe
Sussexsussex
coastcoast
wherewhere
thethe
dog-whelkdog-whelk
Dog-whelksdog-whelk
::
ana
introductionintroduction
toto
thethe
biologybiology
ofof
Nuce1lanucella
lapilluslapillus
((
Ll
))
enclavesenclave
havehave
bothboth
numericalnumerical
andand
inversioninversion
polymorphismspolymorphism
simultaneouslysimultaneously
..
Itit
isbe
likelylikely
thatthat
intrinsicintrinsic
((
geneticgenetic
))
andand
extrinsicextrinsic
((
environmentalenvironmental
))
factorsfactor
combinedcombine
toto
produceproduce
thethe
observedobserved
rangerange
ofof
shellshell
sizesize
,,
shapeshape
,,
colourcolour
,,
ornamentornament
and so forth
andand
soso
forthforth
..
Colouredcoloured
shellsshell
withwith
whitewhite
lipslip
((
fig.figure
1111
))
andand
colouredcoloured
enclavesenclave
arebe
oftenoften
foundfind
inin
habitatshabitat
wherewhere
musselsmussel
predominatepredominate
,,
butbut
colouredcoloured
dog-whelksdog-whelk
cancan
bebe
foundfind
inin
thethe
totaltotal
absenceabsence
ofof
thethe
musselsmussel
--
forfor
instanceinstance
,,
aroundaround
Mineheadminehead
inin
Westwest
Somersetsomerset
((
plateplate
22
))
Moore'smoore
transferstransfer
thethe
otherother
wayway
roundround
,,
whitewhite
shellsshell
on to
onon
toto
musselmussel
shoresshore
,,
diddo
notnot
induceinduce
anyany
colourcolour
changechange
..
Asas
itit
isbe
difficultdifficult
toto
imagineimagine
aa
directdirect
advantageadvantage
conferredconfer
byby
shellshell
bandingbanding
forfor
survivalsurvival
inin
wave-sweptwave-swept
conditionscondition
,,
bandingbanding
mustmust
bebe
aa
pleiotropicpleiotropic
consequenceconsequence
ofof
aa
physiologicalphysiological
oror
morphologicalmorphological
traittrait
thatthat
doesdo
affectaffect
lifelife
underunder
thosethose
conditionscondition
((
Berryberry
,,
19831983
))
..
Thethe
enclavesenclave
ofof
veryvery
largelarge
dogwhelksdog-whelk
aroundaround
Porlockporlock
Weirweir
inin
thethe
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
,,
betweenbetween
Swanageswanage
andand
Kimmeridgekimmeridge
onon
thethe
Dorsetdorset
coastcoast
andand
atat
somesome
sitessite
inin
thethe
westwest
ofof
Scotlandscotland
arebe
sublittoralsublittoral
oror
arebe
confinedconfine
toto
thethe
extremeextreme
lowerlow
shoreshore
..
Aa
veryvery
limitedlimited
programmeprogramme
ofof
breedingbreeding
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
((
Crotherscrothers
,,
19771977
,,
19801980
))
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
shellshell
lengthlength
isbe
inheritedinherit
((
althoughalthough
thethe
actualactual
lengthlength
attainedattain
byby
anyany
individualindividual
isbe
inevitablyinevitably
influencedinfluence
byby
thethe
availabilityavailability
ofof
foodfood
duringduring
itsits
immatureimmature
lifelife
))
..
according to
Accordingaccord
toto
Sanniasannia
andand
Jamesjames)
((
19771977
))
,,
thethe
placeplace
ofof
Parorchisparorchis
acanthusacanthus
((
Nicollnicoll
,,
19061906
))
isbe
takentake
byby
Renicolarenicola
thaidusthaidus
Stunkardstunkard
((
19641964
))
inin
Americaamerica
andand
Icelandiceland
,,
althoughalthough
itit
isbe
notnot
knownknow
whetherwhether
thisthis
parasiteparasite
exertsexert
similarsimilar
effectseffect
onon
itsits
hosthost
..
Thusthus
,,
""
inin
shellsshell
ofof
N.lapillusn.lapillus
var.var.
imbricataimbricata
thethe
externalexternal
sculpturingsculpturing
consistsconsist
ofof
aa
seriesseries
ofof
lamellarlamellar
corrugationscorrugation
laidlay
downdown
inin
aa
fairlyfairly
regularregular
sequencesequence
parallelparallel
toto
thethe
growinggrowing
edgeedge
ofof
thethe
shellshell
whichwhich
,,
wherewhere
theythey
overlapoverlap
thethe
spiralspiral
ridgesridge
,,
arebe
raisedraise
toto
formform
thinthin
vaultedvaulted
scalesscale
""
((
Largenlargen
,,
19711971
))
..
Asas
,,
inin
mymy
experienceexperience
((
andand
seesee
alsoalso
Fretterfretter
&and
Grahamgraham
,,
19851985
))
,,
thethe
protoconchprotoconch
((
thethe
first-shellfirst-shell
,,
producedproduce
byby
thethe
youngyoung
snailsnail
withinwithin
thethe
capsulecapsule
))
isbe
alwaysalways
smoothsmooth
,,
thisthis
isbe
difficultdifficult
toto
sustainsustain
--
butbut
thethe
ideaidea
thatthat
thethe
imbricationsimbrication
maymay
bebe
removedremove
byby
abrasionabrasion
isbe
moremuch
widespreadwidespread
((
andand
demonstrabledemonstrable
--
Largenlargen
,,
19711971
))
..
Hehe
wentgo
onon
toto
regardregard
thethe
presencepresence
ofof
more than
moremuch
thanthan
twotwo
rowsrow
toto
bebe
ana
indicationindication
ofof
adultadult
growthgrowth
,,
butbut
,,
whilstwhilst
thisthis
maymay
sometimessometimes
occuroccur
itit
isbe
justjust
asas
likelylikely
thatthat
thethe
unfortunateunfortunate
whelkwhelk
wasbe
checkedcheck
severalseveral
timestime
duringduring
itsits
immatureimmature
lifelife
..
Itit
wasbe
notnot
,,
howeverhowever
,,
untiluntil
thethe
Loughlough
Ineine
investigationsinvestigation
((
summarisedsummarise
byby
Kitchingkitching
&and
Eblingebling
,,
19671967
))
thatthat
anyany
seriousserious
experimentalexperimental
datadata
werebe
availableavailable
toto
suggestsuggest
ana
explanationexplanation
as to
asas
toto
thethe
mechanismmechanism
byby
whichwhich
thethe
patternpattern
arosearise
andand
hashave
beenbe
maintainedmaintain
..
Thethe
experimentsexperiment
confirmedconfirm
Cooke'scooke
suppositionsupposition
thatthat
thethe
compactcompact
formform
andand
relativelyrelatively
largelarge
footfoot
ofof
thethe
exposedexposed
shoreshore
morphmorph
evidencedevidence
byby
thethe
largelarge
broadbroad
apertureaperture
ofof
thethe
shell-confershell-confer
ana
advantageadvantage
toto
theirtheir
ownerowner
underunder
conditionscondition
ofof
powerfulpowerful
wavewave
actionaction
oror
otherother
strongstrong
waterwater
movementmovement
..
Nucellanucella
doesdo
notnot
appearappear
toto
havehave
fluidfluid
spacesspace
betweenbetween
mantlemantle
andand
shellshell
,,
asas
hashave
beenbe
reportedreport
forfor
limpetslimpet
,,
butbut
,,
in common with
inin
commoncommon
withwith
otherother
littorallittoral
molluscsmollusc
,,
aa
certaincertain
amountamount
ofof
seawaterseawater
isbe
trappedtrap
inin
thethe
mantlemantle
cavitycavity
((
aboveabove
thethe
headhead
))
((
Boyleboyle
,,
Sillarsillar
andand
Brycesonbryceson
,,
19791979
))
..
Crotherscrothers
((
19731973
))
relatedrelate
thethe
resultingresulting
gradationgradation
inin
N.n.
lapilluslapillus
shellshell
shapeshape
toto
exposureexposure
onon
Pembrokeshirepembrokeshire
((
Fig.figure
2424
))
shoresshore
byby
thethe
expressionexpression
::
yy
==
1.2141.214
+plus
0.0360.036
Xx
wherewhere
Yy
isbe
aa
Shell-shapeshell-shape
ratioratio
andand
Xx
thethe
Ballantineballantine
((
19611961
))
Exposureexposure
Gradegrade
..
Substitutingsubstitute
forfor
Xx
inin
thethe
expressionexpression
oppositeopposite
,,
itit
willwill
bebe
seensee
thatthat
meanmean
Ii
,,
Ap/ap
ratiosratio
rangerange
fromfrom
1.251.25
onon
shoresshore
ofof
Gradegrade
11
((
""
Extremelyextremely
Exposedexpose
""
onon
Ballantine'sballantine
scalescale
))
toto
1.501.50
onon
""
Extremelyextremely
Shelteredshelter
""
Gradegrade
8s8s
..
Thethe
selectionselection
factorsfactor
arebe
presumablypresumably
thethe
samesame
,,
crabscrab
willwill
alwaysalways
taketake
wide-mouthedwide-mouthed
shellsshell
firstfirst
andand
elongatedelongated
shellsshell
mustmust
alwaysalways
bebe
moremuch
vulnerablevulnerable
toto
wavewave
actionaction
::
selectionselection
producesproduce
differentdifferent
resultsresult
becausebecause
itit
isbe
operatingoperate
onon
geneticallygenetically
differentdifferent
populationspopulation
..
Inin
thethe
Easterneastern
Atlanticatlantic
,,
atat
thethe
mouthmouth
ofof
thethe
Baybay
ofof
Fundyfundy
wherewhere
shell-shapeshell-shape
variationvariation
inin
N.n.
lapilliuslapillus
isbe
generallygenerally
reducedreduce
((
Crotherscrothers
,,
19831983
))
,,
McEachreonmceachreon
((
19851985
))
hashave
recentlyrecently
demonstrateddemonstrate
aa
shellshell
shapeshape
trendtrend
withwith
exposureexposure
overover
aa
proportionally-reducedproportionally-reduced
numericalnumerical
rangerange
..
Acrossacross
thethe
countycounty
boundaryboundary
betweenbetween
Devondevon
andand
Somersetsomerset
,,
atat
thethe
entranceentrance
toto
thethe
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
((
asas
defineddefine
byby
Boydenboyden
et al.
etet
al.al.
,,
19771977
))
,,
therethere
isbe
ana
abruptabrupt
changechange
inin
shell-shapeshell-shape
,,
apparentlyapparently
unrelatedunrelated
toto
anyany
environmentalenvironmental
factorfactor
((
Fig.figure
3232
))
..
Thethe
appearanceappearance
ofof
thethe
largelarge
formform
onon
thethe
junctionjunction
betweenbetween
thethe
""
normalnormal
""
andand
""
elongatedelongated
""
populationspopulation
ofof
thethe
Severnsevern
Estuaryestuary
,,
andand
onon
thethe
junctionjunction
betweenbetween
""
westernwestern
""
andand
""
easterneastern
""
populationspopulation
inin
thethe
Englishenglish
Channelchannel
maymay
bebe
coincidentalcoincidental
butbut
worthyworthy
ofof
notenote
..
Whenwhen
,,
asas
hashave
oftenoften
happenedhappen
,,
twotwo
biologistsbiologist
describedescribe
differentdifferent
speciesspecies
underunder
thethe
samesame
namename
((
oror
thethe
samesame
speciesspecies
underunder
differentdifferent
namesname
))
thethe
workwork
thatthat
wasbe
publishedpublish
firstfirst
takestake
precedenceprecedence
--
butbut
thethe
buckbuck
stopsstop
atat
Linnaeuslinnaeus
((
17581758
))
,,
thethe
tenthtenth
editionedition
ofof
Systemasystema
Naturaenaturae
..
Bruguierebruguiere
((
17891789
))
splitsplit
thethe
Linnaeanlinnaean
Buccinumbuccinum
((
4747
speciesspecies
))
intointo
fourfour
divisionsdivision
,,
callingcall
oneone
ofof
themthem
Purpurapurpa
--
aa
namename
useduse
byby
thethe
ancientsancient
forfor
thethe
whelkswhelk
fromfrom
whichwhich
theirtheir
purplepurple
dyedye
wasbe
extractedextract
((
seesee
Appendixappendix
22
))
..
Confusionconfusion
arosearise
becausebecause
Rodingroding
describeddescribe
aa
whelkwhelk
underunder
thethe
namename
ofof
Nucellanucella
lapilluslapillus
whichwhich
isbe
notnot
thethe
samesame
speciesspecies
asas
((
oror
eveneven
closelyclosely
relatedrelate
toto
))
Buccinumbuccinum
laplap
ii/usii/us
L.l.
.
Severalseveral
peoplepeople
havehave
accordinglyaccordingly
consideredconsider
thethe
namename
Nucellanucella
Rodingroding
toto
bebe
inapplicableinapplicable
toto
thethe
commoncommon
dog-whelkdog-whelk
,,
eithereither
asas
aa
genusgenus
oror
sub-genussub-genus
,,
andand
theythey
placeplace
thethe
animalanimal
inin
Thaisthais
Rodingroding
..
Nucellanucella
,,
asas
wewe
havehave
seensee
,,
isbe
aa
genusgenus
ofof
temperatetemperate
intertidalintertidal
thaidsthaid
,,
feedingfeed
forfor
preferencepreference
onon
barnaclesbarnacle
andand
musselsmussel
((
whichwhich
theythey
attackattack
byby
boringbore
aa
holehole
throughthrough
thethe
shellshell
ofof
theirtheir
victimvictim
andand
subsequentlysubsequently
insertinginsert
theirtheir
proboscisproboscis
throughthrough
thethe
samesame
holehole
in order
inin
orderorder
toto
feedfeed
))
,,
andand
lackinglack
aa
planktonicplanktonic
phasephase
inin
theirtheir
lifelife
cyclecycle
..
""
Lydialydia
,,
aa
sellerseller
ofof
purplepurple
,,
ofof
thethe
citiescity
ofof
Thyatirathyatira
""
((
Actsact
ofof
thethe
Apostlesapostle
::
xvixvi
Ii
44
))
.
Aa
purplepurple
dyedye
industryindustry
,,
basedbase
onon
extractsextract
fromfrom
thethe
hypobranchialhypobranchial
glandgland
ofof
variousvarious
Muricaceanmuricacean
whelkswhelk
,,
flourishedflourish
inin
thethe
Easterneastern
Mediterraneanmediterranean
fromfrom
Oldold
Testamenttestament
andand
Ancientancient
Egyptianegyptian
timestime
untiluntil
thethe
fallfall
ofof
Constantinopleconstantinople
inin
14531453
ADanno domini
..
Thesethese
topicstopic
fallfall
intointo
threethree
mainmain
groupsgroup
::
((
aa
))
recognisingrecognise
thethe
patternpattern
ofof
variationvariation
andand
seekingseek
toto
correlatecorrelate
itsits
occurrenceoccurrence
withwith
somesome
environmentalenvironmental
factorfactor
;;
((
bb
))
seekingseek
toto
findfind
somesome
differencesdifference
inin
abilityability
oror
behaviourbehaviour
betweenbetween
morphologically-differentmorphologically-different
animalsanimal
;;
((
cc
))
searchingsearch
forfor
evidenceevidence
ofof
selectionselection
..
Categorisecategorise
thethe
sitessite
intointo
exposureexposure
gradesgrade
,,
usinguse
Ballantine'sballantine
scalescale
ifif
applicableapplicable
,,
andand
collectcollect
comparablecomparable
numbersnumber
ofof
livingliving
dog-whelksdog-whelk
fromfrom
eacheach
ofof
thethe
differentdifferent
gradesgrade
,,
takingtake
carecare
toto
collectcollect
thethe
animalsanimal
atat
randomrandom
tok>--
tok>oror
,,
at least
atat
leastleast
,,
withoutwithout
consciousconscious
biasbias
forfor
thethe
characterscharacter
toto
bebe
investigatedinvestigate
..
Havinghave
carriedcarry
outout
((
11
))
,,
delimitdelimit
ana
experimentalexperimental
areaarea
,,
recordrecord
andand
markmark
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
withinwithin
itit
,,
removeremove
thethe
preferredpreferred
foodfood
animalsanimal
((
oror
,,
ifif
thatthat
isbe
impracticalimpractical
,,
movemove
thethe
dog-whelksdog-whelk
ontoonto
ana
alternativealternative
foodfood
supplysupply
atat
thethe
samesame
tidaltidal
levellevel
))
..
PLAYERplayer
::
Lucianuslucianus
,,
nephewnephew
toto
thethe
kingking
â¦â¦
usurpedusurp
byby
hishis
uncleuncle
andand
shatteredshatter
byby
hishis
mother'smother
incestuousincestuous
marriagemarriage
â¦â¦
loseslose
hishis
reasonreason
â¦â¦
throwingthrow
thethe
courtcourt
intointo
turmoilturmoil
andand
disarraydisarray
asas
hehe
alternatesalternate
betweenbetween
bitterbitter
melancholymelancholy
andand
unrestrictedunrestricted
lunacylunacy
â¦â¦
staggeringstaggering
fromfrom
thethe
suicidalsuicidal
((
Aa
posepose
))
toto
thethe
homicidalhomicidal
((
Herehere
hehe
killskill
""
POLONIUSpolonius
""
))
â¦â¦
hehe
at last
atat
lastlast
confrontsconfront
hishis
mothermother
andand
inin
aa
scenescene
ofof
provocativeprovocative
ambiguityambiguity
ââ
((
Aa
somewhatsomewhat
oedipaloedipal
embraceembrace
))
begsbeg
herher
toto
repentrepent
andand
recantrecant
ââ
((
Hehe
springsspring
upup
,,
stillstill
talkingtalk
..
))
Ifif
aa
variablevariable
measuredmeasure
inin
thethe
coursecourse
ofof
ana
experimentexperiment
settlessettle
downdown
withwith
timetime
,,
toto
aa
constantconstant
,,
oror
aa
maintainedmaintained
oscillationoscillation
,,
itit
seemsseem
reasonablereasonable
toto
assumeassume
thatthat
itit
isbe
approachingapproach
somesome
stablestable
,,
maintainedmaintained
coursecourse
thatthat
correspondscorrespond
toto
ana
equilibriumequilibrium
oror
periodicperiodic
solutionsolution
formula;formula;
,,
thatthat
isbe
obtainedobtain
asas
formula;formula;
,,
ofof
somesome
appropriateappropriate
dynamicaldynamical
systemsystem
..
Hehe
hashave
notnot
surfacedsurface
asas
aa
majormajor
competitorcompetitor
inin
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
andand
hishis
supportsupport
hashave
fallenfall
inin
muchmuch
ofof
Newnew
Englandengland
,,
wherewhere
primariesprimary
willwill
bebe
heldhold
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
sincesince
hishis
disappointingdisappointing
fourth-placefourth-place
finishfinish
inin
Newnew
Hampshirehampshire
.
Forfor
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
,,
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
posespose
thethe
toughesttough
testtest
toto
datedate
ofof
hishis
abilityability
toto
turnturn
hishis
populistpopulist
andand
moralmoral
messagemessage
intointo
votesvote
.
Onon
thethe
surfacesurface
,,
hehe
hashave
thethe
advantagesadvantage
inin
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
ofof
aa
Republicanrepublican
electorateelectorate
withwith
aa
largelarge
,,
perhapsperhaps
aa
majoritymajority
,,
ofof
whitewhite
,,
evangelicalevangelical
votersvoter
whowho
inin
otherother
statesstate
havehave
supportedsupport
himhim
.
Hehe
shouldshould
alsoalso
havehave
aa
receptivereceptive
audienceaudience
forfor
hishis
protectionistprotectionist
messagemessage
amongamong
workersworker
inin
thethe
state'sstate
besiegedbesieged
textiletextile
industryindustry
.
Butbut
inin
19881988
andand
19921992
,,
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
Republicansrepublican
demonstrateddemonstrate
theirtheir
strongstrong
inclinationinclination
toto
supportsupport
thethe
establishmentestablishment
candidatecandidate
,,
backingback
Georgegeorge
Bushbush
twicetwice
,,
firstfirst
againstagainst
thethe
televangelisttelevangelist
Patpat
Robertsonrobertson
andand
Mr.mr.
Doledole
,,
andand
thenthen
fourfour
yearsyear
agoago
againstagainst
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
.
Thethe
establishmentestablishment
candidatecandidate
thisthis
yearyear
isbe
Mr.mr.
Doledole
.
Inin
additionaddition
,,
hehe
hashave
heldhold
aa
hugehuge
leadlead
inin
pollspoll
,,
andand
thethe
leadershipleadership
ofof
bothboth
thethe
mainstreammainstream
partyparty
andand
ofof
thethe
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
Christianchristian
Coalitioncoalition
hashave
linedline
upup
behindbehind
hishis
bidbid
.
Mr.mr.
Dole'sdole
pollspoll
inin
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
givegive
himhim
aboutabout
4545
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
votevote
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
aboutabout
1515
percentpercent
forfor
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
andand
Mr.mr.
Alexanderalexander
,,
followedfollow
byby
Mr.mr.
Forbesforbes
inin
thethe
highhigh
singlesingle
digitsdigit
.
""
Aa
bigbig
winwin
forfor
Buchananbuchanan
inin
Arizonaarizona
wouldwould
havehave
givengive
himhim
tonston
ofof
momentummomentum
,,
""
saidsay
thethe
Southsouth
Carolinacarolina
Republicanrepublican
Partyparty
chairmanchairman
,,
Henryhenry
McMastermcmaster
,,
addingadd
thatthat
hehe
expectsexpect
thethe
contestcontest
therethere
toto
bebe
""
betweenbetween
Buchananbuchanan
andand
Doledole.
""
.
Thethe
dangerdanger
forfor
Mr.mr.
Doledole
isbe
thatthat
hishis
weakweak
showingsshowing
inin
Iowaiowa
,,
Newnew
Hampshirehampshire
andand
nownow
Arizonaarizona
--
hehe
diddo
notnot
breakbreak
3030
percentpercent
inin
anyany
ofof
thesethese
statesstate
--
havehave
begunbegin
toto
damagedamage
hishis
nationalnational
staturestature
,,
dampeningdampen
enthusiasmenthusiasm
forfor
himhim
inin
statesstate
wherewhere
publicpublic
attentionattention
isbe
notnot
intenselyintensely
focusedfocus
onon
thethe
presidentialpresidential
contestscontest
.
Inin
Michiganmichigan
,,
whichwhich
doesdo
notnot
holdhold
aa
primaryprimary
untiluntil
Marchmarch
1919
,,
supportsupport
forfor
Mr.mr.
Doledole
droppeddrop
eighteight
percentagepercentage
pointspoint
inin
lessless
thanthan
aa
weekweek
,,
whilewhile
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
gainedgain
thethe
samesame
amountamount
.
Yasseryasser
Arafatarafat
warnedwarn
Muslimmuslim
militantsmilitant
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
ifif
theythey
diddo
notnot
surrendersurrender
theirtheir
weaponsweapon
byby
Fridayfriday
,,
thethe
policepolice
wouldwould
raidraid
theirtheir
homeshome
andand
seizeseize
illegalillegal
armsarm
.
Thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
leaderleader
gavegive
thethe
noticenotice
followingfollowing
ana
ultimatumultimatum
fromfrom
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Shimonshimon
Peresperes
ofof
Israelisrael
thatthat
ifif
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
diddo
notnot
crackcrack
downdown
onon
militantmilitant
groupsgroup
,,
Israelisrael
mightmight
notnot
pullpull
troopstroop
outout
ofof
mostmost
ofof
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
towntown
ofof
Hebronhebron
inin
Marchmarch
asas
agreedagree
toto
inin
thethe
Israel-PLOisrael-plo
accordsaccord
.
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
isbe
fightingfight
forfor
hishis
politicalpolitical
survivalsurvival
afterafter
twotwo
weekendweekend
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
claimedclaim
byby
thethe
Islamicislamic
fundamentalistfundamentalist
Hamashamas
movementmovement
thatthat
sentsend
hishis
popularitypopularity
plummetingplummet
onlyonly
threethree
monthsmonth
beforebefore
generalgeneral
electionselection
.
Aa
victoryvictory
byby
Mr.mr.
Peres'speres
challengerchallenger
,,
thethe
rightistrightist
leaderleader
Benjaminbenjamin
Netanyahunetanyahu
,,
couldcould
dimdim
Mr.mr.
Arafat'sarafat
chanceschance
ofof
eventuallyeventually
upgradingupgrade
thethe
two-yeartwo-year
oldold
Palestinianpalestinian
autonomyautonomy
toto
aa
fullfull
statestate
.
Butbut
Mr.mr.
Netanyahunetanyahu
,,
thethe
leaderleader
ofof
Israel'sisrael
mainmain
oppositionopposition
Likudlikud
partyparty
,,
softenedsoften
hishis
positionposition
Wednesdaywednesday
towardtoward
thethe
peacepeace
processprocess
withwith
thethe
Palestinianspalestinian
,,
sayingsay
thethe
talkstalk
wouldwould
continuecontinue
ifif
hishis
partyparty
wonwin
thethe
comingcoming
electionselection
.
Khaledkhaled
Kidrehkidreh
,,
thethe
attorney-generalattorney-general
inin
Mr.mr.
Arafat'sarafat
self-ruleself-rule
governmentgovernment
saidsay
anyoneanyone
possessingpossess
weaponsweapon
wouldwould
bebe
liableliable
forfor
upup
toto
1515
yearsyear
inin
jailjail
.
""
Anyoneanyone
onon
whomwhom
wewe
havehave
informationinformation
thatthat
hehe
isbe
keepingkeep
explosivesexplosive
oror
anyany
kindkind
ofof
weaponsweapon
,,
wewe
willwill
arrestarrest
himhim
andand
wewe
willwill
taketake
legallegal
stepsstep
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Palestinianpalestinian
policepolice
announcedannounce
earlierearlier
thatthat
allall
unlicensedunlicensed
weaponsweapon
mustmust
bebe
surrenderedsurrender
byby
Fridayfriday
.
Afterwardafterward
,,
thethe
policepolice
willwill
searchsearch
homeshome
inin
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
thethe
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
forfor
illegalillegal
armsarm
,,
saidsay
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
policepolice
commandercommander
,,
Brigadierbrigadier
Generalgeneral
Ghazighazi
Jabalijabali
.
Sincesince
thethe
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
Sundaysunday
inin
Jerusalemjerusalem
andand
thethe
southernsouthern
citycity
ofof
Ashkelonashkelon
,,
whichwhich
killedkill
aa
totaltotal
ofof
2727
peopleperson
andand
woundedwound
8080
othersother
,,
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
policepolice
havehave
arrestedarrest
aboutabout
200200
Hamashamas
activistsactivist
.
Butbut
aa
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
,,
Marwanmarwan
Kanafanikanafani
,,
saidsay
thethe
Israeliisraeli
primeprime
ministerminister
wasbe
mistakenmistake
ifif
hehe
believedbelieve
thatthat
Hamashamas
couldcould
bebe
neutralizedneutralize
withwith
forceforce
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
thatthat
Israelisrael
couldcould
notnot
gogo
backback
onon
itsits
promisepromise
toto
redeployredeploy
inin
Hebronhebron
.
""
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
,,
asas
aa
politicianpolitician
andand
aa
gentlemangentleman
,,
shouldshould
bebe
faithfulfaithful
toto
hishis
commitmentcommitment
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Kanafanikanafani
saidsay
.
Thethe
Hebronhebron
pulloutpullout
wouldwould
completecomplete
thethe
firstfirst
stagestage
ofof
Israeliisraeli
Westwest
Bankbank
withdrawalswithdrawal
beforebefore
aa
finalfinal
Israel-Palestinianisrael-palestinian
dealdeal
thatthat
isbe
toto
bebe
negotiatednegotiate
inin
talkstalk
beginningbeginning
inin
Maymay
.
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
hashave
lostlose
aa
comfortablecomfortable
leadlead
inin
opinionopinion
pollspoll
sincesince
thethe
bombingsbombing
Sundaysunday
andand
isbe
runningrun
aboutabout
eveneven
withwith
Mr.mr.
Netanyahunetanyahu
.
Thethe
chairmanchairman
ofof
Likudlikud
saidsay
thatthat
ifif
hehe
wasbe
electedelect
primeprime
ministerminister
inin
thethe
Maymay
2929
electionselection
,,
hehe
wouldwould
continuecontinue
thethe
peacepeace
processprocess
butbut
wouldwould
refuserefuse
toto
meetmeet
withwith
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
.
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
wantwant
toto
havehave
contactscontact
withwith
Arafatarafat
,,
andand
Ii
hopehope
Ii
willwill
notnot
havehave
toto
,,
""
saidsay
Mr.mr.
Netanyahunetanyahu
,,
atat
hishis
firstfirst
presspress
conferenceconference
sincesince
thethe
bombingsbombing
.
Hehe
andand
hishis
partyparty
hadhave
steadfastlysteadfastly
opposedoppose
thethe
peacepeace
accordsaccord
signedsign
inin
19931993
betweenbetween
Israel'sisrael
governinggoverning
Laborlabor
Partyparty
andand
thethe
Palestinepalestine
Liberationliberation
Organizationorganization
.
Butbut
sincesince
Palestinianpalestinian
autonomyautonomy
wasbe
establishedestablish
inin
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
latelate
lastlast
yearyear
,,
Mr.mr.
Netanyahunetanyahu
hashave
saidsay
Likudlikud
wouldwould
abideabide
byby
thosethose
agreementsagreement
butbut
notnot
seekseek
furtherfar
negotiationsnegotiation
.
Mr.mr.
Netanyahunetanyahu
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
howeverhowever
,,
thatthat
""
everythingeverything
isbe
openopen
""
inin
talkstalk
withwith
thethe
Palestinianspalestinian
onon
thethe
finalfinal
statusstatus
ofof
theirtheir
territoriesterritory
,,
butbut
quicklyquickly
addedadd
therethere
werebe
""
redred
linesline
""
thatthat
hehe
wouldwould
notnot
crosscross
.
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
saidsay
thatthat
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
wouldwould
remainremain
sealedseal
indefinitelyindefinitely
,,
barringbarring
22
millionmillion
Palestinianspalestinian
--
includinginclude
60,00060,000
workersworker
--
fromfrom
enteringenter
Israelisrael
.
Thethe
closureclosure
isbe
costingcost
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
economyeconomy
$$
44
millionmillion
aa
dayday
inin
lostlost
wageswage
andand
exportsexport
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
moremore
securitysecurity
forcesforce
wouldwould
bebe
deployeddeploy
inin
Jerusalemjerusalem
andand
alongalong
thethe
Israel-Westisrael-west
Bankbank
borderborder
.
Palestinianpalestinian
securitysecurity
sourcessource
havehave
tentativelytentatively
identifiedidentify
thethe
bombersbomber
asas
Majdimajdi
Abuabu
Wardehwardeh
,,
1919
,,
andand
Ibrahimibrahim
Sarahnehsarahneh
,,
2626
,,
bothboth
residentsresident
ofof
thethe
al-Fawaral-fawar
refugeerefugee
campcamp
inin
Hebronhebron
.
Israeliisraeli
securitysecurity
sourcessource
saidsay
thatthat
thethe
twotwo
bombsbomb
,,
eacheach
containingcontain
1515
toto
2020
kilogramskilogram
((
3535
toto
4545
poundspound
))
ofof
TNTtnt
andand
surroundedsurround
byby
ballball
bearingsbearing
,,
werebe
mademake
atat
thethe
samesame
workshopworkshop
--
ana
indicationindication
thethe
bombersbomber
hadhave
coordinatedcoordinate
theirtheir
attacksattack
.
Thethe
sourcessource
alsoalso
saidsay
thatthat
thethe
bombersbomber
apparentlyapparently
hadhave
beenbe
disguiseddisguise
asas
Israeliisraeli
soldierssoldier
.
Fromfrom
Fridayfriday
toto
Sundaysunday
morningmorning
,,
theythey
hidhide
inin
thethe
Jerusalemjerusalem
areaarea
.
Oneone
calledcall
hishis
parentsparent
inin
al-Fawaral-fawar
,,
andand
thethe
callcall
wasbe
tracedtrace
backback
toto
thethe
Jerusalemjerusalem
areaarea
.
Thethe
presidentspresident
ofof
Russiarussia
andand
Belarusbelarus
tooktake
tentativetentative
stepsstep
Wednesdaywednesday
towardtoward
unitingunite
theirtheir
countriescountry
,,
promisingpromise
deeperdeep
integrationintegration
betweenbetween
thethe
formerformer
Sovietsoviet
republicsrepublic
.
""
Thisthis
goalgoal
isbe
possiblepossible
,,
""
Presidentpresident
Borisboris
N.n.
Yeltsinyeltsin
saidsay
afterafter
talkstalk
withwith
Presidentpresident
Alexanderalexander
Lukashenkolukashenko
ofof
Belarusbelarus
.
""
Wewe
shouldshould
notnot
rushrush
itit
andand
prepareprepare
itit
thoroughlythoroughly
,,
butbut
wewe
alsoalso
shouldshould
notnot
bebe
tootoo
slowslow.
""
.
Hehe
saidsay
hehe
hopedhope
thethe
mergermerger
wouldwould
happenhappen
whilewhile
bothboth
hehe
andand
Mr.mr.
Lukashenkolukashenko
werebe
stillstill
presidentspresident
.
Belarusbelarus
,,
aa
countrycountry
ofof
1010
millionmillion
peopleperson
betweenbetween
Russiarussia
andand
Polandpoland
,,
hashave
struggledstruggle
toto
findfind
ana
identityidentity
inin
fourfour
yearsyear
ofof
independenceindependence
,,
andand
Mr.mr.
Lukashenkolukashenko
,,
electedelect
inin
19941994
,,
hashave
longlong
soughtseek
politicalpolitical
andand
economiceconomic
integrationintegration
withwith
hishis
giantgiant
neighborneighbor
.
Mr.mr.
Lukashenkolukashenko
saidsay
hehe
agreedagree
withwith
Mr.mr.
Yeltsinyeltsin
,,
butbut
theythey
diddo
notnot
spellspell
outout
whatwhat
wasbe
meantmean
byby
unityunity
oror
howhow
tiestie
betweenbetween
twotwo
sovereignsovereign
statesstate
couldcould
bebe
tightenedtighten
.
Mr.mr.
Yeltsinyeltsin
,,
facingface
aa
strongstrong
challengechallenge
inin
Russia'srussia
presidentialpresidential
electionelection
inin
Junejune
,,
couldcould
seesee
closerclose
tiestie
withwith
Belarusbelarus
asas
aa
wayway
toto
stealsteal
pointspoint
fromfrom
thethe
Communistscommunist
,,
whowho
wantwant
toto
rebuildrebuild
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
voluntarilyvoluntarily
.
Gennadigennadi
A.a.
Zyuganovzyuganov
,,
thethe
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
Russianrussian
Communistcommunist
Partyparty
,,
saidsay
hehe
welcomedwelcome
thethe
dealdeal
.
""
Aa
veryvery
importantimportant
stepstep
hashave
beenbe
mademake
inin
restoringrestore
historichistoric
justicejustice
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Butbut
Anatolianatoli
Lebedkolebedko
,,
deputydeputy
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Belarussianbelarussian
Parliamentparliament
panelpanel
onon
internationalinternational
relationsrelation
,,
wasbe
skepticalskeptical
.
""
Parliamentaryparliamentary
ratificationratification
ofof
internationalinternational
treatiestreaty
,,
especiallyespecially
ofof
suchsuch
dimensionsdimension
,,
arebe
necessarynecessary
andand
thethe
headhead
ofof
statestate
shouldshould
havehave
,,
onon
thethe
eveeve
ofof
hishis
triptrip
,,
atat
leastleast
acquaintedacquaint
Parliamentparliament
withwith
themthem
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Russiarussia
andand
Belarusbelarus
agreedagree
Tuesdaytuesday
toto
writewrite
offoff
mutualmutual
debtsdebt
andand
Mr.mr.
Yeltsinyeltsin
saidsay
wide-rangingwide-ranging
cooperationcooperation
betweenbetween
formerformer
Sovietsoviet
statesstate
mightmight
gogo
furtherfar
inin
Marchmarch
,,
possiblypossibly
bringingbring
inin
Kazakstankazakstan
andand
Kyrgyzstankyrgyzstan
inin
Centralcentral
Asiaasia
.
Meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
formerformer
Presidentpresident
Mikhailmikhail
S.s.
Gorbachevgorbachev
threwthrow
hishis
hathat
intointo
thethe
ringring
againagain
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
announcingannounce
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
""
100100
percentpercent
suresure
""
hehe
wouldwould
runrun
inin
presidentialpresidential
electionselection
inin
Junejune
,,
Agenceagence
France-Pressefrance-presse
reportedreport
fromfrom
Moscowmoscow
.
Scorningscorn
dismaldismal
opinionopinion
pollpoll
ratingsrating
andand
thethe
ireire
ofof
manymany
whowho
hankerhanker
forfor
thethe
oldold
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
,,
hehe
saidsay
therethere
wasbe
nono
otherother
candidatecandidate
ableable
toto
leadlead
thethe
countrycountry
.
Britain'sbritain
Nationalnational
Lotterylottery
wasbe
justjust
aa
gamegame
whenwhen
itit
beganbegin
1515
monthsmonth
agoago
.
Officialsofficial
figuredfigure
itsits
revenuerevenue
wouldwould
provideprovide
aa
modestmodest
butbut
respectablerespectable
sumsum
forfor
""
goodgood
causescauses
""
.
Nobodynobody
dreameddream
thatthat
9090
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
adultadult
populationpopulation
wouldwould
playplay
itit
,,
thatthat
theythey
wouldwould
spendspend
asas
muchmuch
cashcash
onon
itit
asas
theythey
dodo
onon
Britain'sbritain
greatestgreat
cravingcraving
,,
candycandy
,,
oror
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
generategenerate
moremore
revenuerevenue
thanthan
allall
butbut
thethe
largestlarge
Britishbritish
corporationscorporation
.
Thethe
crazecraze
isbe
divertingdivert
moneymoney
fromfrom
charitiescharity
,,
fromfrom
goodsgoods
andand
servicesservice
andand
fromfrom
competingcompete
privateprivate
gamblinggambling
operationsoperation
.
Thethe
retailretail
salessale
indexindex
shuddersshudder
.
Thethe
Bankbank
ofof
Englandengland
isbe
takingtake
notenote
.
Nownow
thatthat
thethe
good-causesgood-cause
moneymoney
isbe
beingbe
distributeddistribute
,,
somethingsomething
elseelse
isbe
happeninghappen
thatthat
nobodynobody
quitequite
imaginedimagine
::
.
aa
constructionconstruction
bingebinge
unrivaledunrivaled
inin
Britainbritain
perhapsperhaps
sincesince
thethe
rebuildingrebuilding
ofof
bombed-outbombed-out
Londonlondon
afterafter
Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
,,
financedfinance
byby
lotterylottery
grantsgrant
.
Museumsmuseum
,,
artart
galleriesgallery
,,
theaterstheater
andand
stadiumsstadium
arebe
goinggo
upup
,,
grandgrand
oldold
structuresstructure
arebe
beingbe
restoredrestore
andand
grandergrand
newnew
onesone
arebe
onon
thethe
drawingdrawing
boardboard
.
Thethe
Britishbritish
Nationalnational
Lotterylottery
isbe
alteringalter
thethe
landscapelandscape
.
Unlikeunlike
manymany
otherother
lotterieslottery
,,
whosewhose
remainingremaining
fundsfund
,,
afterafter
prizesprize
andand
expensesexpense
,,
gogo
intointo
thethe
state'sstate
cofferscoffer
,,
Britainbritain
isbe
determineddetermine
thatthat
mostmost
ofof
itsits
moneymoney
shouldshould
gogo
intointo
newnew
projectsproject
--
thethe
goodgood
causescause
.
Thesethese
includeinclude
thethe
artsart
,,
sportssport
,,
thethe
nationalnational
heritageheritage
,,
charitiescharity
andand
celebrationcelebration
ofof
thethe
millenniummillennium
.
Asas
aa
resultresult
,,
thethe
madmad
rushrush
forfor
lotterylottery
billionsbillions
isbe
spawningspawn
aa
newnew
classclass
,,
andand
clashclash
,,
ofof
supplicantssupplicant
::
.
charitycharity
againstagainst
charitycharity
,,
citycity
againstagainst
citycity
,,
northnorth
againstagainst
southsouth
,,
operaopera
loverslover
againstagainst
rugbyrugby
fansfan
.
Itit
hashave
alsoalso
spawnedspawn
aa
nationalnational
argumentargument
fromfrom
whichwhich
nono
oneone
seemsseem
immuneimmune
.
Princeprince
Charlescharles
,,
thethe
physicistphysicist
Stephenstephen
Hawkinghawking
,,
thethe
Councilcouncil
ofof
Churcheschurch
,,
thethe
tabloidstabloid
andand
thethe
broadsheetsbroadsheet
allall
havehave
beenbe
heardhear
fromfrom
.
Isbe
itit
goodgood
oror
badbad
forfor
thethe
soulsoul
,,
aa
blessingblessing
forfor
thethe
massesmass
oror
aa
cursecurse
onon
themthem
--
thethe
""
darkdark
sideside
,,
""
asas
thethe
ministersminister
ofof
thethe
churchchurch
saysay
,,
oror
""
thethe
sunnysunny
sideside
,,
""
asas
respondsrespond
thethe
ministerminister
ofof
statestate
??
.
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
thinkthink
therethere
'shave
beenbe
anyany
kindkind
ofof
socialsocial
phenomenonphenomenon
quitequite
likelike
itit
,,
""
saidsay
Julianjulian
Lele
Grandgrand
,,
aa
professorprofessor
atat
thethe
Londonlondon
Schoolschool
ofof
Economicseconomics
whowho
hashave
beenbe
studyingstudy
thethe
lotterylottery
.
""
Itit
'sbe
extraordinaryextraordinary
andand
oneone
wewe
dodo
n'tnot
fullyfully
understandunderstand
""
.
Thanksthanks
toto
thethe
Nationalnational
Lotterylottery
,,
thisthis
countrycountry
willwill
havehave
aa
1.31.3
billionbillion
((
$2$2
billionbillion
))
millenniummillennium
extravaganzaextravaganza
;;
aa
rebuiltrebuilt
Royalroyal
Operaopera
Househouse
,,
4949
millionmillion
;;
aa
renovatedrenovated
balletballet
theatertheater
,,
andand
aa
newnew
""
cryogeniccryogenic
""
gardengarden
billedbill
asas
""
Thethe
World'sworld
Greatestgreat
Greenhousegreenhouse
""
.
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Keyneskeynes
Boroughborough
Councilcouncil
willwill
getget
aa
newnew
artsart
complexcomplex
;;
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willwill
getget
aa
Glassglass
Museummuseum
;;
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harborharbor
aa
""
megamarinamegamarina
,,
""
andand
Manchestermanchester
aa
virtualvirtual
realityreality
centercenter
,,
completecomplete
withwith
aa
simulatedsimulated
Stonehengestonehenge
,,
asas
ifif
thethe
realreal
thingthing
werebe
notnot
enoughenough
.
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notnot
everyoneeveryone
agreesagree
onon
whichwhich
projectsproject
shouldshould
bebe
favoredfavor
withwith
thethe
lotterylottery
windfallwindfall
.
Princeprince
Philipphilip
,,
thethe
Dukeduke
ofof
Edinburghedinburgh
,,
wentgo
toto
thethe
primeprime
ministerminister
whenwhen
oneone
ofof
hishis
petpet
causescause
,,
thethe
Nationalnational
Maritimemaritime
Museummuseum
inin
Greenwichgreenwich
,,
wasbe
turnedturn
downdown
inin
Julyjuly
.
Hishis
sonson
,,
Princeprince
Charlescharles
,,
wrotewrite
aa
longlong
articlearticle
expressingexpress
concernsconcern
thatthat
thethe
Millenniummillennium
Commissioncommission
wasbe
fritteringfritter
awayaway
itsits
lotterylottery
moneymoney
,,
wastingwaste
fundsfund
onon
monumentsmonument
andand
projectsproject
whenwhen
itit
shouldshould
bebe
thinkingthink
spirituallyspiritually
,,
perhapsperhaps
helpinghelp
thethe
manymany
diversediverse
religiousreligious
faithsfaith
ofof
Britainbritain
toto
""
createcreate
placesplace
ofof
worshipworship
,,
toto
erecterect
buildingsbuilding
ofof
realreal
qualityquality
""
.
Britainbritain
hashave
alwaysalways
beenbe
aa
nationnation
ofof
gamblersgambler
.
Bettingbetting
poolspool
,,
bingobingo
andand
horsehorse
racesrace
allall
thrivethrive
.
Butbut
itit
wasbe
thethe
lastlast
majormajor
countrycountry
inin
Westernwestern
Europeeurope
toto
instituteinstitute
aa
nationalnational
lotterylottery
.
Accordingaccording
toto
thethe
latestlate
estimatesestimate
,,
thethe
lotterylottery
hashave
grossedgross
roughlyroughly
5.35.3
billionbillion
.
Aboutabout
2.62.6
billionbillion
hashave
gonego
toto
luckylucky
ticketticket
buyersbuyer
,,
292292
millionmillion
toto
retailersretailer
sellingsell
thethe
ticketsticket
,,
485485
millionmillion
toto
thethe
luckylucky
privateprivate
companycompany
operatingoperate
thethe
gamegame
,,
585585
millionmillion
toto
Herher
Majesty'smajesty
treasurytreasury
andand
nono
lessless
thanthan
1.41.4
billionbillion
toto
thethe
goodgood
causescause
.
Britainbritain
hashave
alwaysalways
beenbe
aa
nationnation
ofof
gamblersgambler
.
Bettingbetting
poolspool
,,
bingobingo
andand
horsehorse
racesrace
allall
thrivethrive
.
Butbut
itit
wasbe
thethe
lastlast
majormajor
countrycountry
inin
Westernwestern
Europeeurope
toto
instituteinstitute
aa
nationalnational
lotterylottery
,,
inin
partpart
becausebecause
thethe
formerformer
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
Margaretmargaret
Thatcherthatcher
,,
wasbe
againstagainst
state-sponsoredstate-sponsored
gamblinggambling
.
Johnjohn
Majormajor
,,
whowho
succeededsucceed
herher
asas
primeprime
ministerminister
inin
19901990
,,
wasbe
notnot
soso
squeamishsqueamish
.
Thethe
lotterylottery
,,
hehe
saidsay
inin
19941994
willwill
""
eradicateeradicate
thethe
lingeringlingering
feelingfeeling
thatthat
wewe
'rebe
continuallycontinually
fallingfall
behindbehind
,,
exhaustedexhausted
andand
unableunable
toto
keepkeep
upup
""
.
Itit
wouldwould
,,
hehe
saidsay
,,
""
leaveleave
ourour
legacylegacy
forfor
thethe
futurefuture
""
.
Aa
photophoto
,,
aboveabove
,,
ofof
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
fromfrom
hishis
Loslos
Alamosalamos
identityidentity
cardcard
.
Atat
leftleft
,,
ana
excerptexcerpt
fromfrom
ana
interceptedintercepted
cablecable
deciphereddecipher
overover
thethe
yearsyear
byby
thethe
NSAnsa
.
Photophoto
Creditcredit
::
.
Inin
Julyjuly
19451945
,,
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
achievedachieve
oneone
ofof
history'shistory
greatestgreat
espionageespionage
coupscoup
.
Asas
Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
wasbe
drawingdraw
toto
aa
closeclose
,,
thethe
Kremlinkremlin
learnedlearn
thatthat
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
wasbe
aboutabout
toto
explodeexplode
thethe
world'sworld
firstfirst
atomicatomic
bombbomb
andand
acquiredacquire
aa
roughrough
outlineoutline
ofof
thethe
bomb'sbomb
designdesign
.
Itit
wasbe
aa
keykey
eventevent
inin
whatwhat
thethe
FBIfbi
directordirector
,,
J.j.
Edgaredgar
Hooverhoover
,,
laterlate
calledcall
thethe
""
crimecrime
ofof
thethe
centurycentury
""
--
thethe
thefttheft
ofof
America'samerica
nuclearnuclear
secretssecret
.
Accordingaccording
toto
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
documentsdocument
releasedrelease
severalseveral
yearsyear
agoago
,,
thethe
informationinformation
camecome
separatelyseparately
fromfrom
twotwo
agentsagent
operatingoperate
atat
thethe
heartheart
ofof
thethe
U.S.u.s.
bomb-buildingbomb-building
efforteffort
.
Oneone
wasbe
thethe
physicistphysicist
Klausklaus
Fuchsfuchs
,,
whosewhose
codecode
namename
inin
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
wasbe
""
Charlescharles
""
andand
whomwhom
thethe
Britishbritish
convictedconvict
ofof
espionageespionage
inin
19501950
.
Thethe
other'sother
codecode
namename
wasbe
""
Mladmlad
,,
""
Russianrussian
forfor
""
youngsteryoungster
""
.
Mlad'smlad's
identityidentity
hashave
remainedremain
aa
tightlytightly
guardedguarded
secretsecret
,,
eveneven
afterafter
thethe
U.S.u.s.
governmentgovernment
learnedlearn
itit
decadesdecade
agoago
.
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aa
reviewreview
ofof
dozensdozens
ofof
recentlyrecently
declassifieddeclassified
Sovietsoviet
andand
U.S.u.s.
documentsdocument
,,
buttressedbuttress
byby
interviewsinterview
,,
pointspoint
toto
aa
likelylikely
candidatecandidate
::
Theodoretheodore
Alvinalvin
Hallhall
.
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
,,
aa
Harvard-educatedharvard-educated
Americanamerican
physicistphysicist
,,
workedwork
inin
19441944
andand
19451945
atat
thethe
nuclearnuclear
laboratorylaboratory
complexcomplex
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
,,
Newnew
Mexicomexico
,,
wherewhere
thethe
firstfirst
atomicatomic
bombsbomb
werebe
builtbuild
inin
thethe
Manhattanmanhattan
Projectproject
,,
asas
thethe
top-secrettop-secret
efforteffort
wasbe
knownknow
.
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
wasbe
oneone
ofof
aa
numbernumber
ofof
brilliantbrilliant
youngyoung
physicistsphysicist
recruitedrecruit
byby
J.j.
Robertrobert
Oppenheimeroppenheimer
,,
thethe
scientificscientific
directordirector
,,
whowho
himselfhimself
wasbe
onlyonly
3939
.
Lieutenantlieutenant
Colonelcolonel
Johnjohn
Lansdalelansdale
,,
formerformer
headhead
ofof
securitysecurity
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
,,
saidsay
hehe
believesbelieve
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
wouldwould
havehave
hadhave
accessaccess
toto
muchmuch
ofof
thethe
mostmuch
secretsecret
informationinformation
aboutabout
thethe
projectproject
.
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
,,
nownow
7070
,,
wasbe
investigatedinvestigate
forfor
espionageespionage
byby
thethe
FBIfbi
fromfrom
19501950
toto
19521952
butbut
wasbe
notnot
prosecutedprosecute
.
Hehe
leftleave
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
inin
19621962
andand
liveslife
inin
Cambridgecambridge
,,
Englandengland
,,
wherewhere
hehe
isbe
retiredretire
afterafter
yearsyear
atat
Cambridgecambridge
Universityuniversity
.
Withoutwithout
cooperationcooperation
fromfrom
thethe
U.S.u.s.
oror
Russianrussian
governmentsgovernment
,,
itit
isbe
difficultdifficult
toto
establishestablish
withwith
certaintycertainty
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
thethe
agentagent
Mladmlad
whowho
,,
expertsexpert
saysay
,,
helpedhelp
speedspeed
upup
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Union'sunion
acquisitionacquisition
ofof
aa
nuclearnuclear
arsenalarsenal
byby
roughlyroughly
twotwo
yearsyear
atat
thethe
openingopening
ofof
thethe
Coldcold
Warwar
.
Neverthelessnevertheless
,,
thethe
knownknown
biographicalbiographical
detailsdetail
aboutabout
Mladmlad
--
whomwhom
bothboth
U.S.u.s.
andand
Russianrussian
officialsofficial
havehave
identifiedidentify
asas
ana
Americanamerican
physicistphysicist
whowho
workedwork
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
andand
isbe
stillstill
alivealive
--
fitfit
seamlesslyseamlessly
withwith
thosethose
ofof
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
.
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
declineddecline
eithereither
toto
confirmconfirm
oror
denydeny
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
Mladmlad
inin
responseresponse
toto
directdirect
questionsquestion
fromfrom
aa
Washingtonwashington
Postpost
reporterreporter
whowho
visitedvisit
himhim
atat
hishis
househouse
thisthis
monthmonth
,,
andand
spokespeak
withwith
himhim
againagain
inin
telephonetelephone
conversationsconversation
lastlast
weekweek
.
Amongamong
documentsdocument
nownow
inin
thethe
publicpublic
domaindomain
isbe
aa
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
cablecable
sentsend
Nov.nov.
1212
,,
19441944
,,
whichwhich
identifiesidentify
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
byby
namename
asas
havinghave
providedprovide
informationinformation
toto
thethe
Sovietsoviet
governmentgovernment
.
Thatthat
messagemessage
,,
sentsend
toto
Moscowmoscow
fromfrom
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
inin
Newnew
Yorkyork
,,
saidsay
aa
Sovietsoviet
agentagent
""
visitedvisit
Theodoretheodore
Hallhall
,,
1919
yearsyear
oldold
......
aa
graduategraduate
ofof
Harvardharvard
,,
""
andand
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
""
handedhand
overover
......
aa
reportreport
aboutabout
[[
Loslos
Alamosalamos
]]
andand
namedname
keykey
personnelpersonnel
employedemploy
""
onon
thethe
atomatom
bombbomb
projectproject
.
Thethe
cablecable
wasbe
oneone
ofof
dozensdozens
interceptedintercept
byby
thethe
U.S.u.s.
governmentgovernment
andand
graduallygradually
deciphereddecipher
overover
4040
yearsyear
byby
thethe
Nationalnational
Securitysecurity
Agencyagency
inin
ana
efforteffort
knownknow
asas
thethe
Venonavenona
programprogram
.
Thethe
NSAnsa
officiallyofficially
revealedreveal
detailsdetail
ofof
Venonavenona
,,
ana
inventedinvented
wordword
,,
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
lastlast
Julyjuly
.
THEthe
NOVEMBERnovember
19441944
cablecable
isbe
thethe
onlyonly
Sovietsoviet
documentdocument
nownow
publiclypublicly
availableavailable
thatthat
namesname
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
asas
beingbe
ana
agentagent
,,
andand
itit
doesdo
notnot
identifyidentify
himhim
asas
thethe
particularlyparticularly
valuablevaluable
oneone
knownknow
toto
thethe
spymastersspymasters
atat
Moscowmoscow
Centercenter
asas
Mladmlad
.
Butbut
sevenseven
otherother
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
messagesmessage
,,
alsoalso
deciphereddecipher
inin
thethe
Venonavenona
projectproject
,,
containcontain
circumstantialcircumstantial
evidenceevidence
suggestingsuggest
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
wasbe
Mladmlad
.
Forfor
exampleexample
::
.
Thethe
Novembernovember
19441944
messagemessage
saidsay
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
hadhave
givengive
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
thethe
namesname
ofof
keykey
personnelpersonnel
inin
thethe
atomatom
bombbomb
projectproject
.
Onon
Dec.dec.
1313
,,
anotheranother
interceptedintercepted
cablecable
citedcite
namesname
ofof
1717
prominentprominent
physicistsphysicist
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
--
andand
thethe
NSAnsa
saidsay
inin
notesnote
accompanyingaccompany
thethe
releasedreleased
documentdocument
thatthat
thethe
sourcesource
ofof
thosethose
namesname
wasbe
""
probablyprobably
""
Mladmlad
.
Anotheranother
cablecable
threethree
daysday
laterlate
mentionsmention
aa
toptop
Loslos
Alamosalamos
physicistphysicist
andand
saidsay
thethe
namename
camecome
fromfrom
Mladmlad
.
Aa
Januaryjanuary
19451945
messagemessage
saidsay
Mladmlad
hadhave
beenbe
""
calledcall
upup
intointo
thethe
Armyarmy
""
butbut
wasbe
beingbe
allowedallow
toto
continuecontinue
""
toto
workwork
inin
thethe
[[
Loslos
Alamosalamos
]]
campcamp
""
.
Formerformer
associatesassociate
ofof
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
recalledrecall
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
drafteddraft
aroundaround
thatthat
timetime
,,
butbut
remainedremain
atat
thethe
laboratorylaboratory
complexcomplex
.
Accordingaccording
toto
Sovietsoviet
scientistsscientist
andand
intelligenceintelligence
expertsexpert
,,
thethe
informationinformation
providedprovide
byby
Fuchsfuchs
,,
Mladmlad
andand
otherother
agentsagent
enabledenable
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
toto
acquireacquire
thethe
atomicatomic
bombbomb
twotwo
oror
threethree
yearsyear
earlierearlier
thanthan
itit
otherwiseotherwise
wouldwould
havehave
.
Thethe
Sovietssoviet
camecome
intointo
possessionpossession
ofof
descriptionsdescription
ofof
U.S.u.s.
methodsmethod
ofof
producingproduce
enrichedenriched
uraniumuranium
andand
aa
renderingrendering
ofof
thethe
atomatom
bomb'sbomb
designdesign
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
otherother
secretsecret
informationinformation
aboutabout
thethe
Manhattanmanhattan
Projectproject
,,
whichwhich
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
code-namedcode-name
ENORMOUSenormous
.
Thethe
fatherfather
ofof
thethe
Sovietsoviet
atomicatomic
bombbomb
,,
Igorigor
Kurchatovkurchatov
,,
saidsay
inin
aa
wartimewartime
memomemo
thatthat
thethe
intelligenceintelligence
materialmaterial
hadhave
aa
""
hugehuge
,,
invaluableinvaluable
significancesignificance
forfor
ourour
statestate
andand
sciencescience
""
.
Thethe
Sovietsoviet
bombbomb
testedtest
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
19491949
wasbe
aa
virtualvirtual
copycopy
ofof
thethe
firstfirst
Americanamerican
bombbomb
testedtest
inin
Julyjuly
19451945
.
Inin
twotwo
conversationsconversation
atat
hishis
modestmodest
,,
two-storytwo-story
towntown
househouse
inin
Englandengland
,,
andand
inin
laterlate
telephonetelephone
callscall
,,
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
declineddecline
toto
answeranswer
questionsquestion
aboutabout
intelligenceintelligence
activitiesactivity
onon
behalfbehalf
ofof
thethe
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
.
Hehe
saidsay
hehe
fearedfear
thatthat
aa
newspapernewspaper
accountaccount
ofof
suchsuch
aa
complicatedcomplicated
episodeepisode
wouldwould
inevitablyinevitably
bebe
""
sensationalsensational
,,
""
andand
saidsay
suchsuch
materialmaterial
wasbe
bestgood
handledhandle
""
byby
ana
historianhistorian
""
.
Askedask
directlydirectly
ifif
,,
asas
""
Mladmlad
,,
""
hehe
hadhave
tippedtip
offoff
thethe
Kremlinkremlin
aboutabout
thethe
firstfirst
Americanamerican
nuclearnuclear
testtest
,,
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
repliedreply
,,
""
Thatthat
isbe
preciselyprecisely
thethe
kindkind
ofof
questionquestion
Ii
dodo
notnot
wantwant
toto
getget
draggeddrag
intointo
rightright
nownow
""
.
Hehe
saidsay
::
.
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
wantwant
toto
getget
intointo
aa
debatedebate
withwith
thethe
presspress
aboutabout
thisthis
.
......
Thesethese
eventsevent
oror
supposedsupposed
eventsevent
happenedhappen
5050
yearsyear
agoago
.
Ifif
theythey
arebe
mademake
publicpublic
,,
therethere
willwill
bebe
aa
certaincertain
amountamount
ofof
interestinterest
,,
butbut
itit
willwill
soonsoon
diedie
downdown
""
.
Whenwhen
thethe
reporterreporter
saidsay
thethe
Americanamerican
governmentgovernment
mustmust
havehave
knownknow
definitivelydefinitively
aboutabout
hishis
contactcontact
withwith
Sovietsoviet
intelligenceintelligence
officialsofficial
byby
19611961
--
thethe
yearyear
thatthat
NSAnsa
cryptologistscryptologist
completedcomplete
theirtheir
decipheringdeciphering
ofof
thethe
Novembernovember
19441944
cablecable
thatthat
discusseddiscuss
himhim
byby
namename
--
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
repliedreply
,,
""
Thereaboutsthereabouts
""
.
[[
Subsequentlysubsequently
,,
inin
aa
statementstatement
issuedissue
byby
hishis
solicitorssolicitor
,,
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
saidsay
ofof
thisthis
articlearticle
thatthat
hehe
doesdo
""
notnot
wishwish
toto
commentcomment
onon
itit
oror
toto
talktalk
aboutabout
hishis
timetime
onon
thethe
Manhattanmanhattan
Projectproject
inin
Loslos
Alamosalamos
""
.
[[
""
Thatthat
periodperiod
,,
""
thethe
statementstatement
continuedcontinue
,,
""
representedrepresent
aboutabout
aa
yearyear
andand
aa
halfhalf
whenwhen
hehe
wasbe
18-1918-19
yearsyear
oldold
outout
ofof
aa
lifetimelifetime
devoteddevote
toto
scientificscientific
researchresearch
.
Hehe
hopeshope
thatthat
nownow
,,
atat
thethe
ageage
ofof
7070
,,
hehe
willwill
bebe
judgedjudge
onon
thethe
workwork
hehe
hashave
donedo
duringduring
4040
yearsyear
inin
thethe
fieldfield
ofof
biologicalbiological
x-rayx-ray
microanalysismicroanalysis
--
firstlyfirstly
atat
thethe
Sloan-Ketteringsloan-kettering
Instituteinstitute
forfor
Cancercancer
Researchresearch
inin
Newnew
Yorkyork
andand
,,
sincesince
19621962
,,
atat
thethe
Cavendishcavendish
Laboratorylaboratory
andand
thenthen
inin
thethe
Departmentdepartment
ofof
Zoologyzoology
atat
thethe
Universityuniversity
ofof
Cambridgecambridge
.
Therethere
,,
untiluntil
hishis
retirementretirement
,,
hehe
wasbe
recognizedrecognize
throughoutthroughout
thethe
worldworld
asas
thethe
guidingguiding
spiritspirit
ofof
hishis
chosenchosen
subjectsubject
.
[[
""
Hehe
hashave
sufferedsuffer
fromfrom
cancercancer
forfor
somesome
yearsyear
andand
itit
wouldwould
bebe
detrimentaldetrimental
toto
hishis
healthhealth
forfor
himhim
toto
bebe
draggeddrag
intointo
controversycontroversy
overover
allegationsallegation
regardingregarding
eventsevent
saidsay
toto
havehave
takentake
placeplace
halfhalf
aa
centurycentury
agoago
,,
""
thethe
statementstatement
concludedconcluded
]]
..
..
Thethe
U.S.u.s.
government'sgovernment
handlinghandling
ofof
thethe
Hallhall
casecase
remainsremain
cloudedcloud
byby
aa
numbernumber
ofof
mysteriesmystery
.
Nono
chargescharge
werebe
broughtbring
asas
aa
resultresult
ofof
thethe
FBIfbi
investigationinvestigation
ofof
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
inin
1950-19521950-1952
,,
eveneven
thoughthough
ana
internalinternal
FBIfbi
documentdocument
inin
19501950
statesstate
,,
""
Hallhall
hashave
beenbe
identifiedidentify
asas
aa
Sovietsoviet
espionageespionage
agentagent
whilewhile
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
""
.
Furthermorefurthermore
,,
apparentlyapparently
neitherneither
thethe
Justicejustice
Departmentdepartment
nornor
thethe
FBIfbi
triedtry
toto
preventprevent
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
fromfrom
movingmove
toto
Englandengland
inin
19621962
,,
whenwhen
hehe
wasbe
appointedappoint
toto
aa
researchresearch
positionposition
inin
biophysicsbiophysics
atat
thethe
Cavendishcavendish
laboratorylaboratory
.
BOTHboth
THEthe
Justicejustice
Departmentdepartment
andand
thethe
FBIfbi
turnedturn
downdown
aa
Postpost
requestrequest
toto
commentcomment
onon
thethe
casecase
onon
thethe
groundsground
thatthat
itit
isbe
stillstill
classifiedclassify
.
Basedbase
onon
howhow
previousprevious
espionageespionage
casescase
havehave
beenbe
handledhandle
,,
oneone
possibilitypossibility
isbe
thatthat
thethe
authoritiesauthority
gavegive
Mr.mr.
Hallhall
immunityimmunity
inin
returnreturn
forfor
informationinformation
aboutabout
thethe
KGBkgb
.
Anotheranother
isbe
thatthat
theythey
werebe
unableunable
toto
prosecuteprosecute
himhim
,,
eithereither
becausebecause
ofof
insufficientinsufficient
evidenceevidence
oror
becausebecause
keykey
evidenceevidence
wasbe
basedbase
onon
top-secrettop-secret
informationinformation
thatthat
thethe
governmentgovernment
diddo
notnot
wishwish
toto
revealreveal
inin
courtcourt
.
Mlad'smlad's
recruitmentrecruitment
addedadd
toto
thethe
intelligenceintelligence
richesriches
obtainedobtain
fromfrom
Loslos
Alamosalamos
byby
thethe
Sovietssoviet
,,
whowho
alreadyalready
hadhave
atat
leastleast
twotwo
agentsagent
workingwork
therethere
.
Historianshistorian
havehave
saidsay
thethe
mostmuch
importantimportant
wasbe
Fuchsfuchs
,,
aa
membermember
ofof
thethe
Britishbritish
delegationdelegation
toto
thethe
Manhattanmanhattan
Projectproject
.
Aa
refugeerefugee
fromfrom
Nazinazi
Germanygermany
,,
Klausklaus
Fuchsfuchs
hadhave
beenbe
funnelingfunnel
atomicatomic
secretssecret
toto
thethe
Sovietssoviet
sincesince
19421942
.
Hehe
wasbe
unmaskedunmask
asas
aa
Sovietsoviet
spyspy
inin
19501950
andand
sentencedsentence
byby
aa
Britishbritish
courtcourt
toto
1515
yearsyear
inin
prisonprison
.
Itit
longlong
hashave
beenbe
knownknow
thatthat
anotheranother
agentagent
wasbe
Daviddavid
Greenglassgreenglass
,,
thethe
brotherbrother
ofof
Ethelethel
Rosenbergrosenberg
,,
whowho
,,
withwith
herher
husbandhusband
Juliusjulius
,,
wasbe
executedexecute
forfor
treasontreason
inin
19531953
inin
aa
highlyhighly
controversialcontroversial
casecase
.
Greenglassgreenglass
wasbe
workingwork
asas
aa
machinistmachinist
inin
thethe
explosivesexplosive
divisiondivision
atat
Loslos
Alamosalamos
.
Turkey'sturkey
twotwo
center-rightcenter-right
leadersleader
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
agreedagree
toto
formform
aa
coalitioncoalition
governmentgovernment
,,
endingend
aa
two-monthtwo-month
stalematestalemate
thatthat
hadhave
raisedraise
thethe
possibilitypossibility
thatthat
ana
Islamicislamic
partyparty
wouldwould
enterenter
powerpower
.
Tansutansu
Cillerciller
,,
thethe
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
Truetrue
Pathpath
partyparty
whowho
hashave
beenbe
servingserve
asas
interiminterim
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
saidsay
ana
accordaccord
""
inin
principleprinciple
""
hadhave
beenbe
reachedreach
withwith
Mesutmesut
Yilmazyilmaz
,,
headhead
ofof
thethe
ofof
thethe
Motherlandmotherland
Partyparty
.
Sheshe
saidsay
thethe
twotwo
partiesparty
werebe
""
inin
mutualmutual
agreementagreement
forfor
thethe
formationformation
ofof
thisthis
coalitioncoalition
""
.
Sheshe
saidsay
thethe
agreementagreement
calledcall
forfor
rotatingrotate
thethe
primeprime
ministershipministership
,,
withwith
Mr.mr.
Yilmazyilmaz
goinggo
firstfirst
,,
andand
thatthat
finalfinal
detailsdetail
ofof
thethe
governmentgovernment
wouldwould
bebe
ironediron
outout
Fridayfriday
.
Earlierearlier
talkstalk
betweenbetween
Mrs.mrs.
Cillerciller
andand
Mr.mr.
Yilmazyilmaz
onon
formingform
aa
governmentgovernment
hadhave
failedfail
becausebecause
bothboth
leadersleader
,,
bitterbitter
rivalsrival
,,
hadhave
insistedinsist
onon
beingbe
primeprime
ministerminister
firstfirst
.
""
Wewe
remainedremain
inin
fullfull
agreementagreement
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Yilmazyilmaz
saidsay
.
""
Wewe
hopehope
toto
formform
thethe
governmentgovernment
atat
thethe
shortestshort
timetime
""
.
Lastlast
weekweek
,,
Mr.mr.
Yilmazyilmaz
calledcall
offoff
aa
coalitioncoalition
alliancealliance
withwith
thethe
pro-Islamicpro-islamic
Welfarewelfare
Partyparty
atat
thethe
lastlast
minuteminute
.
Thethe
possibilitypossibility
thatthat
Welfarewelfare
,,
whichwhich
opposesoppose
Turkey'sturkey
closeclose
tiestie
toto
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
andand
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
,,
couldcould
comecome
toto
powerpower
hadhave
worriedworry
Turkey'sturkey
alliesally
inin
thethe
Westwest
.
Mrs.mrs.
Cillerciller
apparentlyapparently
softenedsoften
herher
stancestance
onon
takingtake
thethe
primeprime
minister'sminister
jobjob
firstfirst
toto
showshow
flexibilityflexibility
toto
Mr.mr.
Yilmazyilmaz
.
Sheshe
hadhave
pledgedpledge
toto
dodo
whateverwhatever
wasbe
necessarynecessary
toto
preventprevent
aa
Welfarewelfare
governmentgovernment
.
Welfarewelfare
ledlead
electionselection
inin
Decemberdecember
butbut
itsits
158158
deputiesdeputy
werebe
notnot
enoughenough
forfor
aa
majoritymajority
inin
thethe
550-member550-member
Parliamentparliament
.
Mrs.mrs.
Ciller'sciller's
Truetrue
Pathpath
Partyparty
hashave
135135
deputiesdeputy
.
Motherland'smotherland
numbernumber
shrunkshrink
toto
126126
Wednesdaywednesday
whenwhen
sevenseven
deputiesdeputy
resignedresign
toto
joinjoin
thethe
neo-conservativeneo-conservative
Greatgreat
Unionunion
Partyparty
,,
whichwhich
ranrun
onon
thethe
samesame
ticketticket
withwith
Motherlandmotherland
inin
thethe
electionselection
.
Bothboth
Motherlandmotherland
andand
Truetrue
Pathpath
endorseendorse
free-marketfree-market
policiespolicy
,,
speedyspeedy
privatizationprivatization
andand
thethe
country'scountry
fullfull
integrationintegration
withwith
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
.
Aa
coalitioncoalition
betweenbetween
Truetrue
Pathpath
andand
Motherlandmotherland
stillstill
needsneed
thethe
backingbacking
ofof
atat
leastleast
oneone
ofof
thethe
smallersmall
,,
socialsocial
democratdemocrat
partiesparty
inin
Parliamentparliament
.
Thethe
Democraticdemocratic
Leftleft
Partyparty
,,
whichwhich
hashave
7676
seatsseat
,,
wasbe
expectedexpect
toto
endorseendorse
thethe
coalitioncoalition
,,
withwith
certaincertain
conditionscondition
attachedattach
.
Itit
opposesoppose
thethe
U.S-ledu.s-led
Westernwestern
airair
forceforce
basedbase
inin
Turkeyturkey
thatthat
isbe
useduse
toto
protectprotect
Kurdskurd
inin
northernnorthern
Iraqiraq
fromfrom
Baghdadbaghdad
.
Aa
parliamentaryparliamentary
votevote
onon
extendingextend
thethe
airair
missionmission
isbe
setset
forfor
Marchmarch
.
Althoughalthough
historichistoric
Palestinepalestine
isbe
onlyonly
aa
tinytiny
partpart
ofof
thethe
Middlemiddle
Easteast
--
renderedrender
eveneven
tiniertiny
byby
thethe
emergenceemergence
ofof
Israelisrael
--
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
questquest
forfor
statehoodstatehood
hashave
longlong
beenbe
thethe
corecore
ofof
thethe
Arab-Israeliarab-israeli
conflictconflict
.
Inin
manymany
waysway
,,
itit
hashave
beenbe
thethe
principleprinciple
onon
whichwhich
thethe
postwarpostwar
Arabarab
worldworld
defineddefine
itselfitself
,,
aa
unifyingunifying
threadthread
runningrun
fromfrom
thethe
oiloil
capitalscapital
ofof
thethe
Gulfgulf
throughthrough
thethe
carpetcarpet
bazaarsbazaar
ofof
Damascusdamascus
toto
thethe
anarchicanarchic
streetsstreet
ofof
Cairocairo
.
Butbut
asas
Yasseryasser
Arafatarafat
buildsbuild
aa
Palestinianpalestinian
governmentgovernment
thatthat
isbe
takingtake
onon
moremore
trappingstrapping
ofof
aa
statestate
inin
Gazagaza
andand
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
,,
aa
potentiallypotentially
radicalradical
changechange
isbe
seepingseep
throughthrough
thethe
Middlemiddle
Easteast
.
Slowlyslowly
butbut
surelysurely
,,
Arabsarab
havehave
begunbegin
toto
contemplatecontemplate
thatthat
aa
versionversion
ofof
thethe
nation-statenation-state
theythey
yearnedyearn
forfor
,,
foughtfight
forfor
,,
sangsing
aboutabout
andand
sufferedsuffer
forfor
overover
halfhalf
aa
centurycentury
hashave
actuallyactually
appearedappear
onon
thethe
horizonhorizon
.
Thethe
implicationsimplication
arebe
likelylikely
toto
bebe
asas
importantimportant
toto
thethe
Middlemiddle
Easteast
asas
thethe
fallfall
ofof
thethe
Berlinberlin
Wallwall
wasbe
toto
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
inin
19891989
.
Andand
likelike
theirtheir
counterpartscounterpart
inin
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
afterafter
thatthat
symbolicsymbolic
eventevent
,,
Arabsarab
fromfrom
thethe
Mediterraneanmediterranean
toto
thethe
Gulfgulf
arebe
beginningbegin
toto
askask
,,
inin
effecteffect
::
""
Whatwhat
nextnext
??
""
.
Aa
fewfew
themestheme
havehave
begunbegin
toto
taketake
shapeshape
::
Autocraticautocratic
Arabarab
governmentsgovernment
,,
somesome
ofof
whichwhich
havehave
justifiedjustify
theirtheir
existenceexistence
onon
thethe
basisbasis
ofof
thethe
long-standinglong-standing
militarymilitary
confrontationconfrontation
withwith
Israelisrael
,,
arebe
confrontingconfront
pressurepressure
forfor
democraticdemocratic
initiativesinitiative
andand
economiceconomic
developmentdevelopment
.
Waterwater
shortagesshortage
arebe
generatinggenerate
newnew
threatsthreat
ofof
conflictconflict
amongamong
Arabarab
statesstate
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
betweenbetween
Israelisrael
andand
itsits
neighborsneighbor
.
Thethe
diplomaticdiplomatic
landscapelandscape
isbe
inin
turmoilturmoil
asas
Arabarab
governmentsgovernment
splitsplit
betweenbetween
thosethose
eagereager
toto
dodo
businessbusiness
withwith
Israelisrael
andand
thosethose
stillstill
unwillingunwilling
toto
forgetforget
thethe
pastpast
.
Onon
thethe
otherother
endend
ofof
thethe
spectrumspectrum
,,
Islamicislamic
fundamentalismfundamentalism
hashave
advancedadvance
asas
Arabarab
nationalismnationalism
hashave
fadedfade
,,
providingprovide
aa
forumforum
andand
aa
frameworkframework
forfor
thosethose
stillstill
unwillingunwilling
toto
abandonabandon
thethe
dreamdream
ofof
undoingundo
Zionism'szionism's
triumphtriumph
.
Afterafter
aa
seven-monthseven-month
pausepause
,,
thethe
Islamicislamic
Resistanceresistance
Movementmovement
,,
Hamashamas
,,
renewedrenew
itsits
bloodybloody
campaigncampaign
againstagainst
Israelisrael
withwith
twotwo
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
thisthis
weekweek
.
Becausebecause
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
causecause
touchedtouch
thethe
Arabs'arab
ideaidea
ofof
themselvesthemselves
,,
itit
longlong
resonatedresonate
acrossacross
thethe
regionregion
.
Itit
causedcause
turmoilturmoil
inin
Lebanonlebanon
andand
Jordanjordan
,,
nearbynearby
countriescountry
wherewhere
thethe
Palestinepalestine
Liberationliberation
Organizationorganization
camecome
intointo
conflictconflict
withwith
nationalnational
governmentsgovernment
.
Butbut
itit
alsoalso
wasbe
importantimportant
inin
Saudisaudi
Arabiaarabia
andand
otherother
Gulfgulf
countriescountry
despitedespite
theirtheir
distancedistance
fromfrom
thethe
strugglestruggle
,,
andand
Palestinianspalestinian
reliedrely
onon
thesethese
countriescountry
forfor
financialfinancial
supportsupport
andand
asas
aa
sourcesource
ofof
high-payinghigh-paying
jobsjob
.
Allall
thatthat
hashave
changedchange
.
Thethe
Gulfgulf
states'state
supportsupport
forfor
thethe
Palestinianspalestinian
,,
whichwhich
nevernever
wentgo
muchmuch
beyondbeyond
moneymoney
andand
rhetoricrhetoric
,,
plummetedplummet
afterafter
Palestinianpalestinian
leadersleader
linedline
upup
behindbehind
Saddamsaddam
Husseinhussein
followingfollowing
Iraq'siraq
invasioninvasion
ofof
Kuwaitkuwait
inin
19901990
.
Nownow
thethe
samesame
countriescountry
arebe
makingmake
nono
secretsecret
ofof
theirtheir
desiredesire
toto
dealdeal
directlydirectly
withwith
Israelisrael
onceonce
thethe
peacepeace
processprocess
isbe
completecomplete
.
Forfor
Arabarab
intellectualsintellectual
,,
thisthis
isbe
aa
disorientingdisorienting
timetime
.
Generationsgeneration
ofof
poetspoet
,,
writerswriter
andand
filmmakersfilmmaker
havehave
drawndraw
theirtheir
inspirationinspiration
fromfrom
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
causecause
andand
suchsuch
cataclysmiccataclysmic
eventsevent
asas
thethe
lossloss
ofof
Jerusalemjerusalem
inin
thethe
19671967
warwar
.
Nownow
theythey
arebe
caughtcatch
upup
inin
aa
sometimessometimes
despairingdespairing
searchsearch
forfor
aa
newnew
nationalnational
identityidentity
,,
aa
notionnotion
bleaklybleakly
capturedcapture
byby
thethe
Syriansyrian
poetpoet
Nazarnazar
Kabbanikabbani
inin
hishis
widelywidely
circulatedcirculate
19941994
poempoem
,,
""
Whenwhen
Willwill
Theythey
Announceannounce
thethe
Deathdeath
ofof
thethe
Arabsarab
??
""
.
Likelike
manymany
Arabarab
intellectualsintellectual
ofof
hishis
generationgeneration
,,
forfor
exampleexample
,,
thethe
Egyptianegyptian
writerwriter
Salahsalah
Eissaeissa
hashave
mademake
aa
virtualvirtual
careercareer
outout
ofof
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
causecause
.
Aa
longtimelongtime
columnistcolumnist
forfor
ana
oppositionopposition
newspapernewspaper
herehere
,,
hehe
bitterlybitterly
opposedoppose
Egypt'segypt
19781978
peacepeace
accordaccord
withwith
Israelisrael
andand
onceonce
spentspend
1212
daysday
inin
jailjail
forfor
leadinglead
protestsprotest
againstagainst
Israel'sisrael
participationparticipation
inin
thethe
Cairocairo
Bookbook
Fairfair
.
Butbut
Mr.mr.
Eissaeissa
,,
5757
,,
hashave
latelylately
turnedturn
hishis
attentionattention
toto
otherother
mattersmatter
--
suchsuch
asas
aa
bookbook
projectproject
onon
Islamicislamic
fundamentalismfundamentalism
.
Itit
isbe
notnot
thatthat
hehe
hashave
suddenlysuddenly
warmedwarm
upup
toto
Israelisrael
.
Farfar
fromfrom
itit
.
Butbut
withwith
Palestinianpalestinian
leadersleader
nownow
workingwork
inin
partnershippartnership
withwith
theirtheir
formerformer
adversariesadversary
,,
hehe
asksask
,,
whatwhat
'sbe
thethe
pointpoint
??
.
Egyptegypt
pulledpull
outout
ofof
thethe
strugglestruggle
forfor
Palestinepalestine
longlong
beforebefore
thethe
restrest
ofof
thethe
Arabarab
worldworld
wasbe
readyready
,,
withwith
Anwaranwar
Sadatsadat
signingsign
aa
peacepeace
treatytreaty
withwith
Israelisrael
inin
19791979
.
Hehe
wasbe
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,,
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.
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,,
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,,
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.
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,,
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dangerousdangerous
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,,
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Mr.mr.
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,,
""
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Okamotookamoto
,,
aa
formerformer
Japanesejapanese
Foreignforeign
Ministryministry
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.
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,,
""
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Tsunaotsunao
Nakamuranakamura
,,
ana
executiveexecutive
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Sumitomosumitomo
,,
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.
Mexicomexico
,,
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,,
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,,
""
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,,
aa
formerformer
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ambassadorambassador
inin
Washingtonwashington
,,
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Mr.mr.
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""
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.
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""
dangerousdangerous
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.
Andand
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.
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hehe
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.
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oror
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Africanafrican
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aa
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Africanafrican
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Desdes
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,,
brokebreak
inin
toto
offeroffer
clearanceclearance
toto
landland
onon
aa
1.5-mile1.5-mile
,,
pavedpaved
four-lanefour-lane
ovaloval
testtest
tracktrack
normallynormally
useduse
forfor
carscar
atat
thethe
nearbynearby
Chryslerchrysler
Provingproving
Groundsground
.
Thethe
worriedworried
pilotpilot
landedland
therethere
safelysafely
.
Guardsguard
willwill
patrolpatrol
thethe
Goldengolden
Gategate
Bridgebridge
beginningbegin
Aprilapril
11
toto
helphelp
preventprevent
suicidessuicide
.
Thethe
bridgebridge
managementmanagement
willwill
spendspend
$$
164,300164,300
aa
yearyear
forfor
aa
dailydaily
patrolpatrol
.
Moremore
thanthan
1,0001,000
peopleperson
havehave
jumpedjump
toto
theirtheir
deathsdeath
sincesince
thethe
bridgebridge
wasbe
openedopen
inin
19371937
.
Atat
leastleast
oneone
guardguard
willwill
patrolpatrol
thethe
pedestrianpedestrian
walkwaywalkway
forfor
88
toto
1212
hourshour
eacheach
dayday
.
Captaincaptain
Ronron
Garciagarcia
ofof
thethe
bridgebridge
policepolice
warnedwarn
thatthat
itit
isbe
unlikelyunlikely
toto
endend
suicidessuicide
altogetheraltogether
.
""
Notnot
everyoneeveryone
whowho
comescome
outout
herehere
toto
commitcommit
suicidesuicide
showsshow
outwardoutward
signssign
ofof
itit
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
""
Butbut
forfor
thosethose
whowho
dodo
,,
wewe
standstand
aa
bettergood
chancechance
ofof
pickingpick
upup
someonesomeone
soonersooner
""
.
Humanhuman
rightsright
activistsactivist
calledcall
onon
Asianasian
andand
Europeaneuropean
leadersleader
Wednesdaywednesday
toto
taketake
aa
strongstrong
standstand
againstagainst
humanhuman
rightsright
abusesabuse
butbut
saidsay
theythey
expectedexpect
theirtheir
pleasplea
toto
fallfall
onon
deafdeaf
earsear
.
Carmelcarmel
Budiardjobudiardjo
,,
directordirector
ofof
TAPOLtapol
,,
whichwhich
campaignscampaign
againstagainst
humanhuman
rightsright
violationsviolation
inin
Easteast
Timortimor
,,
saidsay
aa
firmfirm
standstand
couldcould
bebe
aa
landmarklandmark
inin
settingset
thethe
tonetone
forfor
futurefuture
workwork
inin
southeastsoutheast
Asiaasia
.
Sheshe
referredrefer
inin
particularparticular
toto
""
bullyingbullying
tacticstactic
""
byby
Indonesiaindonesia
,,
whosewhose
rulerule
ofof
thethe
formerformer
Portugueseportuguese
colonycolony
ofof
Easteast
Timortimor
isbe
notnot
recognizedrecognize
byby
thethe
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
.
Atat
ana
Asia-Europeasia-europe
forumforum
ofof
nongovernmentalnongovernmental
organizationsorganization
,,
sheshe
calledcall
policypolicy
onon
Burmaburma
,,
Easteast
Timortimor
andand
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
""
urgenturgent
issuesissue
forfor
Europeeurope
andand
Asiaasia
""
.
Thethe
meetingmeeting
ofof
moremore
thanthan
350350
representativesrepresentative
fromfrom
100100
organizationsorganization
hashave
beenbe
billedbill
asas
ana
alternativealternative
toto
aa
conferenceconference
ofof
leadersleader
fromfrom
Asianasian
andand
Europeaneuropean
countriescountry
onon
Saturdaysaturday
andand
Sundaysunday
.
Butbut
althoughalthough
Ms.ms.
Budiardjobudiardjo
andand
speakersspeaker
fromfrom
Northernnorthern
Irelandireland
andand
Burmaburma
allall
mademake
pleasplea
forfor
governmentsgovernment
toto
taketake
notenote
ofof
humanhuman
rightsright
problemsproblem
,,
theythey
saidsay
theythey
diddo
notnot
expectexpect
muchmuch
inin
concreteconcrete
termsterm
toto
arisearise
fromfrom
thethe
weekendweekend
meetingmeeting
.
Strengtheningstrengthen
economiceconomic
andand
politicalpolitical
tiestie
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
taketake
precedenceprecedence
atat
thethe
meetingmeeting
ofof
thethe
leadersleader
ofof
thethe
Associationassociation
ofof
Southsouth
Easteast
Asianasian
Nationsnation
plusplus
Japanjapan
,,
Southsouth
Koreakorea
andand
Chinachina
andand
theirtheir
counterpartscounterpart
fromfrom
thethe
15-member15-member
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
.
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
thinkthink
theythey
willwill
raiseraise
thethe
issuesissue
atat
thethe
summitsummit
,,
""
saidsay
Maungmaung
Maungmaung
,,
aa
Burmeseburmese
dissidentdissident
leaderleader
.
Manymany
Asianasian
countriescountry
havehave
pressuredpressure
Europeaneuropean
leadersleader
attendingattend
thethe
meetingmeeting
notnot
toto
bringbring
upup
sensitivesensitive
humanhuman
rightsright
oror
laborlabor
issuesissue
,,
butbut
Ms.ms.
Budiardjobudiardjo
urgedurge
Europeaneuropean
countriescountry
toto
makemake
theirtheir
viewsview
heardhear
.
""
Wewe
shouldshould
havehave
nono
illusionsillusion
aboutabout
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
.
""
Itsits
severalseveral
institutionsinstitution
gogo
theirtheir
differentdifferent
waysway
,,
particularlyparticularly
onon
humanhuman
rightsright
issuesissues
""
.
""
Withwith
Indonesiaindonesia
andand
itsits
partnerspartner
inin
ASEANasean
aidedaid
andand
abettedabet
byby
itsits
alliesally
inin
thethe
EUeu
,,
thethe
peoplepeople
ofof
Easteast
Timortimor
willwill
havehave
toto
relyrely
onon
thethe
deeplydeeply
heldhold
moralmoral
andand
politicalpolitical
commitmentcommitment
ofof
governmentsgovernments
""
.
Indonesiaindonesia
hashave
saidsay
thethe
Easteast
Timortimor
issueissue
wasbe
irrelevantirrelevant
toto
thethe
leaders'leader
summitsummit
andand
itit
shouldshould
notnot
bebe
raisedraise
.
Butbut
Portugalportugal
hashave
saidsay
itit
willwill
notnot
letlet
thethe
meetingmeeting
ignoreignore
Easteast
Timortimor
.
Bangladeshibangladeshi
policepolice
arrestedarrest
thethe
powerfulpowerful
mayormayor
ofof
Chittagongchittagong
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
touchingtouch
offoff
riotingrioting
asas
internationalinternational
concernconcern
mountedmount
overover
thethe
crackdowncrackdown
onon
opponentsopponent
ofof
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Khalidakhalida
Ziazia
.
A.B.M.a.b.m.
Mohiuddinmohiuddin
Chowdhurychowdhury
,,
thethe
mayormayor
ofof
Chittagongchittagong
andand
thethe
locallocal
headhead
ofof
thethe
mainmain
oppositionopposition
Awamiawami
Leagueleague
,,
wasbe
arrestedarrest
outsideoutside
hishis
officeoffice
shortlyshortly
afterafter
thethe
endend
ofof
ana
opposition-ledopposition-led
strikestrike
thatthat
shutshut
downdown
muchmuch
ofof
thethe
nationnation
forfor
fivefive
daysday
.
Mr.mr.
Chowdhury'schowdhury's
supporterssupporter
burnedburn
ana
armyarmy
jeepjeep
,,
aa
busbus
andand
twotwo
motorcyclesmotorcycle
andand
attackedattack
aa
policepolice
stationstation
withwith
homemadehomemade
bombsbomb
andand
rocksrock
,,
Chittagongchittagong
residentsresident
saidsay
.
""
Gunmengunman
havehave
takentake
overover
thethe
streetsstreet
,,
forcingforce
peopleperson
toto
runrun
forfor
covercover
,,
""
aa
witnesswitness
saidsay
.
""
Chowdhurychowdhury
hashave
aa
largelarge
followingfollowing
,,
andand
theythey
arebe
notnot
justjust
goinggo
toto
taketake
thisthis
quietlyquietly
""
.
Oppositionopposition
partiesparty
,,
whichwhich
warnedwarn
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
thethe
country'scountry
politicalpolitical
crisiscrisis
couldcould
leadlead
toto
civilcivil
warwar
,,
steppedstep
upup
theirtheir
criticismcriticism
ofof
thethe
Bangladeshbangladesh
Nationalistnationalist
Partyparty
,,
whichwhich
wonwin
generalgeneral
electionselection
onon
Feb.feb.
1515
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
boycottedboycott
thethe
electionselection
becausebecause
Begumbegum
Khalidakhalida
refusedrefuse
toto
allowallow
aa
neutralneutral
caretakercaretaker
administrationadministration
toto
supervisesupervise
thethe
votingvoting
.
""
Letlet
usus
allall
taketake
aa
freshfresh
vowvow
toto
toppletopple
thisthis
illegalillegal
governmentgovernment
,,
""
ana
oppositionopposition
statementstatement
saidsay
.
Thethe
Nationalistnationalist
Partyparty
wasbe
quickquick
toto
respondrespond
.
Mirzamirza
Abbasabbas
,,
aa
seniorsenior
partyparty
leaderleader
,,
saidsay
atat
aa
rallyrally
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
Begumbegum
Khalida'skhalida's
followersfollower
wouldwould
""
breakbreak
thethe
teethtooth
ofof
terroristterrorist
leadersleader
unleashingunleash
aa
campaigncampaign
toto
destroydestroy
democracydemocracy
andand
economiceconomic
progressprogress
""
.
Mr.mr.
Chowdhurychowdhury
wasbe
thethe
seventhseventh
majormajor
oppositionopposition
figurefigure
arrestedarrest
inin
fivefive
daysday
.
Theythey
includeinclude
fourfour
fromfrom
thethe
Awamiawami
Leagueleague
,,
twotwo
fromfrom
thethe
Jatiyajatiya
Daldal
Partyparty
andand
oneone
fromfrom
Jamaat-e-Islamijamaat-e-islami
.
Thethe
partiesparty
arebe
alliesally
inin
aa
long-runninglong-running
drivedrive
againstagainst
Begumbegum
Khalidakhalida
.
Theythey
werebe
allall
arrestedarrest
underunder
thethe
Specialspecial
Powerspower
Actact
,,
whichwhich
allowsallow
detentiondetention
forfor
oneone
monthmonth
withoutwithout
trialtrial
.
Thethe
five-dayfive-day
opposition-ledopposition-led
strikestrike
hadhave
shutshut
downdown
mostmost
transporttransport
,,
portsport
,,
schoolsschool
,,
banksbank
andand
officesoffice
.
Thethe
deathdeath
tolltoll
fromfrom
strike-relatedstrike-related
violenceviolence
roserise
toto
1111
,,
withwith
twotwo
peopleperson
shotshot
andand
killedkill
inin
Narayanganjnarayanganj
,,
1818
kilometerskilometer
((
1212
milesmile
))
fromfrom
Dhakadhaka
,,
thethe
policepolice
saidsay
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
wantswant
anotheranother
electionelection
heldhold
inin
threethree
monthsmonth
underunder
aa
neutralneutral
authorityauthority
.
Presidentpresident
Jacquesjacques
Chiracchirac
ofof
Francefrance
urgedurge
Asianasian
andand
Europeaneuropean
leadersleader
Wednesdaywednesday
toto
forgeforge
aa
""
newnew
relationshiprelationship
""
atat
theirtheir
comingcoming
summitsummit
meetingmeeting
andand
saidsay
bothboth
mustmust
workwork
toto
dispeldispel
""
misunderstandingsmisunderstanding
andand
doubtsdoubts
""
.
Thethe
Frenchfrench
leaderleader
,,
onon
ana
officialofficial
visitvisit
toto
Singaporesingapore
beforebefore
thethe
25-nation25-nation
Asia-Europeasia-europe
summitsummit
inin
Bangkokbangkok
thisthis
weekendweekend
,,
paidpay
tributetribute
toto
hishis
hosthost
,,
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Gohgoh
Chokchok
Tongtong
,,
forfor
initiatinginitiate
thethe
meetingmeeting
duringduring
aa
19941994
visitvisit
toto
Francefrance
.
""
Singaporesingapore
andand
Francefrance
arebe
thethe
co-sponsorsco-sponsors
ofof
thisthis
ambitiousambitious
projectproject
.
Butbut
youyou
werebe
thethe
precursorsprecursor
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Chiracchirac
saidsay
inin
aa
dinnerdinner
toasttoast
afterafter
bilateralbilateral
talkstalk
.
Mr.mr.
Chiracchirac
wasbe
launchinglaunch
aa
diplomaticdiplomatic
andand
tradetrade
offensiveoffensive
inin
Asiaasia
oneone
monthmonth
afterafter
declaringdeclare
ana
endend
toto
Frenchfrench
nuclearnuclear
teststest
inin
thethe
Southsouth
Pacificpacific
,,
whichwhich
outragedoutrage
thethe
regionregion
.
""
Inin
Bangkokbangkok
,,
wewe
mustmust
succeedsucceed
inin
establishingestablish
aa
dialoguedialogue
andand
dispellingdispel
misunderstandingsmisunderstanding
andand
doubtsdoubt
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
""
Letlet
usus
getget
toto
knowknow
eacheach
otherother
,,
letlet
usus
seekseek
commoncommon
groundground
.
Letlet
usus
buildbuild
togethertogether
thethe
indispensableindispensable
Euro-Asianeuro-asian
partnershippartnership
.
""
Thethe
Bangkokbangkok
summitsummit
mustmust
bebe
thethe
startingstarting
pointpoint
ofof
thisthis
newnew
relationshiprelationship
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
,,
addingadd
thatthat
Singaporesingapore
andand
Francefrance
mustmust
workwork
closelyclosely
atat
thethe
meetingmeeting
.
Europeaneuropean
officialsofficial
andand
nongovernmentnongovernment
organizationsorganization
havehave
calledcall
forfor
touchytouchy
questionsquestion
toto
bebe
takentake
upup
atat
thethe
summitsummit
meetingmeeting
.
Thesethese
includeinclude
humanhuman
rightsright
,,
Indonesia'sindonesia
rulerule
overover
thethe
formerformer
Portugueseportuguese
colonycolony
Easteast
Timortimor
,,
andand
laborlabor
standardsstandard
inin
Asiaasia
.
Singapore'ssingapore
primeprime
ministerminister
echoedecho
Mr.mr.
Chirac'schirac
callcall
forfor
cooperationcooperation
.
""
Withwith
aa
clearerclear
understandingunderstanding
ofof
eacheach
other'sother
economiceconomic
,,
culturalcultural
,,
politicalpolitical
andand
socialsocial
situationssituation
,,
Europeeurope
andand
Asiaasia
cancan
cooperatecooperate
inin
manymany
areasarea
forfor
thethe
benefitbenefit
ofof
peoplesperson
inin
bothboth
regionsregion
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Gohgoh
saidsay
atat
thethe
dinnerdinner
.
Mr.mr.
Chiracchirac
,,
whowho
isbe
accompaniedaccompany
onon
thethe
triptrip
byby
Frenchfrench
industrialistsindustrialist
,,
isbe
toto
deliverdeliver
aa
speechspeech
Thursdaythursday
outliningoutline
hishis
strategystrategy
forfor
raisingraise
France'sfrance
profileprofile
inin
Asiaasia
.
Francefrance
hashave
aa
strongstrong
commercialcommercial
presencepresence
inin
Singaporesingapore
,,
thethe
hubhub
ofof
businessbusiness
inin
Southeastsoutheast
Asiaasia
,,
butbut
itit
lagslag
behindbehind
otherother
Europeaneuropean
nationsnation
andand
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
inin
thethe
regionregion
asas
aa
wholewhole
,,
accountingaccount
forfor
aa
meremere
22
percentpercent
ofof
Asia'sasia
tradetrade
.
France'sfrance
ambassadorambassador
toto
Singaporesingapore
,,
Franoisfranois
Barrybarry
Delongchampsdelongchamps
,,
saidsay
hishis
countrycountry
wouldwould
pursuepursue
aa
moremuch
aggressiveaggressive
policypolicy
toto
promotepromote
itsits
industriesindustry
,,
ledlead
byby
highhigh
technologytechnology
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
servicesservice
,,
suchsuch
asas
bankingbanking
andand
insuranceinsurance
.
Separatelyseparately
,,
formerformer
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Leelee
Kuankuan
Yewyew
saidsay
thatthat
ifif
hehe
werebe
Frenchfrench
,,
hehe
wouldwould
havehave
carriedcarry
outout
France'sfrance
nuclearnuclear
teststest
inin
thethe
Southsouth
Pacificpacific
.
Mr.mr.
Leelee
,,
nownow
aa
seniorsenior
ministerminister
,,
toldtell
thethe
conservativeconservative
Frenchfrench
dailydaily
Lele
Figarofigaro
thatthat
Singaporesingapore
wasbe
committedcommit
toto
ana
anti-testanti-test
protestprotest
byby
thethe
Associationassociation
ofof
Southsouth
Easteast
Asianasian
Nationsnation
.
""
Butbut
ifif
,,
asas
aa
Frenchmanfrenchman
,,
Ii
wantedwant
thethe
Frenchfrench
nuclearnuclear
weaponweapon
toto
bebe
crediblecredible
,,
Ii
wouldwould
havehave
carriedcarry
outout
thethe
teststest
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Chinachina
hashave
launchedlaunch
aa
bidbid
toto
reviverevive
talkstalk
withwith
thethe
Vaticanvatican
onon
endingend
theirtheir
45-year-long45-year-long
riftrift
,,
aa
Honghong
Kongkong
newspapernewspaper
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
quotingquote
unidentifiedunidentified
sourcessource
.
Butbut
aa
Chinesechinese
churchchurch
leaderleader
wasbe
quotedquote
asas
sayingsay
thatthat
Beijingbeijing
wasbe
stillstill
demandingdemand
thatthat
thethe
Vaticanvatican
cutcut
linkslink
withwith
Taiwantaiwan
beforebefore
itsits
relationsrelation
withwith
Chinachina
couldcould
bebe
fullyfully
restoredrestore
.
Thethe
Southsouth
Chinachina
Morningmorning
Postpost
saidsay
China'schina
desiredesire
forfor
talkstalk
wasbe
conveyedconvey
toto
Archbishoparchbishop
Claudioclaudio
Mariamaria
Cellicelli
,,
aa
papalpapal
representativerepresentative
whowho
metmeet
officialsofficial
inin
Beijingbeijing
lastlast
monthmonth
.
Earlierearlier
talkstalk
brokebreak
downdown
afterafter
China'schina
crackdowncrackdown
onon
pro-democracypro-democracy
demonstratorsdemonstrator
inin
19891989
.
((
APap
))
Thethe
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
pledgedpledge
$$
1.071.07
millionmillion
inin
emergencyemergency
reliefrelief
Wednesdaywednesday
forfor
victimsvictim
ofof
aa
recentrecent
earthquakeearthquake
thatthat
leftleave
moremuch
thanthan
300300
deaddead
inin
China'schina
southwesternsouthwestern
provinceprovince
ofof
Yunnanyunnan
.
((
AFPafp
))
Tugboatstugboat
havehave
begunbegin
towingtow
thethe
luxuryluxury
cruisecruise
shipship
Sagafjordsagafjord
,,
withwith
moremore
thanthan
800800
peopleperson
onon
boardboard
,,
fromfrom
thethe
Southsouth
Chinachina
Seasea
toto
aa
portport
inin
thethe
Philippinesphilippines
.
Thethe
shipship
wasbe
damageddamage
byby
firefire
butbut
nono
injuriesinjury
werebe
reportedreport
.
((
APap
))
Jimjim
Bolgerbolger
,,
Newnew
Zealand'szealand
conservativeconservative
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
afterafter
signingsign
aa
coalitioncoalition
pactpact
withwith
aa
centristcentrist
partyparty
toto
helphelp
pushpush
taxtax
cutscut
intointo
lawlaw
andand
reducereduce
thethe
chancechance
ofof
ana
earlyearly
votevote
::
""
Thethe
simplesimple
realityreality
isbe
ifif
thethe
governmentgovernment
cacan
n'tnot
governgovern
,,
Newnew
Zealandzealand
willwill
havehave
ana
earlyearly
electionelection
.
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
manufacturemanufacture
thatthat
threatthreat
,,
thatthat
'sbe
aa
factfact
ofof
lifelife
""
.
((
Reutersreuters
))
Thethe
mainmain
oppositionopposition
leaderleader
calledcall
onon
Primeprime
Ministerminister
P.V.p.v.
Narasimhanarasimha
Raorao
toto
resignresign
Wednesdaywednesday
asas
Parliamentparliament
beganbegin
debatingdebate
thethe
government'sgovernment
handlinghandling
ofof
twotwo
politicalpolitical
corruptioncorruption
scandalsscandal
.
""
Hishis
imageimage
shouldshould
bebe
spotlessspotless
,,
""
saidsay
Atalatal
Biharibihari
Vajpayeevajpayee
ofof
thethe
Hinduhindu
nationalistnationalist
Bharatiyabharatiya
Janatajanata
Partyparty
.
""
Ifif
hehe
isbe
involvedinvolve
,,
hehe
shouldshould
resignresign
.
hehe
hashave
nono
moralmoral
rightright
toto
continuecontinue
""
.
Mr.mr.
Vajpayeevajpayee
wasbe
introducingintroduce
aa
motionmotion
inin
thethe
lowerlow
househouse
expressingexpress
dissatisfactiondissatisfaction
withwith
thethe
government'sgovernment
failurefailure
toto
answeranswer
chargescharge
inin
thethe
$$
1818
millionmillion
bribes-for-favorsbribes-for-favor
scandalscandal
thatthat
hashave
claimedclaim
sevenseven
governmentgovernment
ministersminister
andand
severalseveral
oppositionopposition
leadersleader
sincesince
Januaryjanuary
.
Thethe
resolutionresolution
alsoalso
criticizedcriticize
thethe
government'sgovernment
failurefailure
toto
respondrespond
toto
allegationsallegation
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Raorao
wasbe
involvedinvolve
inin
vote-buyingvote-buying
inin
aa
no-confidenceno-confidence
motionmotion
votevote
inin
Parliamentparliament
inin
19931993
.
Mr.mr.
Raorao
wasbe
inin
Parliamentparliament
forfor
thethe
debatedebate
Wednesdaywednesday
afterafter
severalseveral
membersmember
hadhave
condemnedcondemn
hishis
failurefailure
toto
appearappear
Tuesdaytuesday
toto
answeranswer
questionsquestion
aboutabout
thethe
scandalscandal
.
Mr.mr.
Vajpayeevajpayee
criticizedcriticize
thethe
delaydelay
ofof
thethe
investigationinvestigation
,,
whichwhich
centerscenter
onon
aa
diarydiary
belongingbelong
toto
aa
dealerdealer
inin
illegalillegal
foreignforeign
exchangeexchange
,,
oror
hawalahawala
,,
uncovereduncover
inin
19911991
.
Inin
itit
,,
thethe
dealerdealer
recordedrecord
paymentspayment
mademake
toto
moremore
thanthan
100100
politicianspolitician
andand
bureaucratsbureaucrat
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
leaderleader
alsoalso
attackedattack
thethe
selectivityselectivity
ofof
thethe
investigationinvestigation
andand
questionedquestion
whetherwhether
Mr.mr.
Raorao
,,
toto
whomwhom
thethe
Centralcentral
Bureaubureau
ofof
Investigationinvestigation
reportsreport
directlydirectly
,,
hadhave
notnot
exertedexert
pressurepressure
onon
itit
.
Mr.mr.
Vajpayeevajpayee
mentionedmention
thethe
allegationallegation
byby
S.s.
J.j.
Jainjain
,,
thethe
dealerdealer
atat
thethe
centercenter
ofof
thethe
affairaffair
,,
thatthat
hehe
hadhave
paidpay
moneymoney
toto
Mr.mr.
Raorao
.
Thethe
primeprime
ministerminister
hashave
denieddeny
thethe
accusationaccusation
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
leaderleader
alsoalso
outlinedoutline
aa
chargecharge
mademake
byby
ana
oppositionopposition
membermember
ofof
Parliamentparliament
,,
whowho
recentlyrecently
joinedjoin
thethe
Bharatiyabharatiya
Janatajanata
Partyparty
,,
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
bribedbribe
toto
votevote
withwith
thethe
governmentgovernment
inin
aa
no-confidenceno-confidence
motionmotion
inin
19931993
.
Thethe
membermember
,,
Shailendrashailendra
Mahatomahato
,,
wasbe
notnot
inin
Parliamentparliament
duringduring
thethe
debatedebate
.
Thethe
partyparty
deputydeputy
leaderleader
,,
Jaswantjaswant
Singhsingh
,,
saidsay
hehe
wasbe
worriedworried
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Mahatomahato
mightmight
havehave
beenbe
preventedprevent
fromfrom
attendingattend
.
Meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
thousandsthousands
ofof
Indianindian
newspapernewspaper
workersworker
wentgo
onon
aa
strikestrike
Wednesdaywednesday
andand
blockedblock
journalistsjournalist
fromfrom
enteringenter
Parliamentparliament
afterafter
overnightovernight
talkstalk
withwith
thethe
governmentgovernment
onon
aa
wagewage
increaseincrease
collapsedcollapse
.
Somesome
700700
accreditedaccredited
newspapersnewspaper
andand
magazinesmagazine
shutshut
downdown
forfor
2424
hourshour
.
Moremore
thanthan
15,00015,000
journalistsjournalist
stayedstay
offoff
thethe
jobjob
afterafter
thethe
governmentgovernment
refusedrefuse
toto
offeroffer
aa
50-percent50-percent
salarysalary
increaseincrease
.
Journalistsjournalist
andand
newspapernewspaper
workersworker
clashedclash
withwith
thethe
policepolice
outsideoutside
oneone
ofof
India'sindia
largestlarge
Englishenglish
languagelanguage
dailiesdaily
herehere
,,
witnesseswitness
saidsay
,,
addingadd
thatthat
severalseveral
peopleperson
werebe
slightlyslightly
injuredinjure
.
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journalistsjournalist
preventedprevent
locallocal
andand
foreignforeign
reportersreporter
fromfrom
enteringenter
thethe
presspress
galleriesgallery
ofof
Parliamentparliament
,,
forcingforce
aa
blackoutblackout
onon
thethe
presentationpresentation
ofof
thethe
fiscalfiscal
1996-971996-97
interiminterim
budgetbudget
byby
Financefinance
Ministerminister
Manmohanmanmohan
Singhsingh
.
India'sindia
twotwo
mainmain
newsnews
agenciesagency
,,
Presspress
Trusttrust
ofof
Indiaindia
andand
Unitedunited
Newsnews
ofof
Indiaindia
,,
whichwhich
provideprovide
serviceservice
toto
foreignforeign
newsnews
bureausbureau
andand
broadcastingbroadcasting
stationsstation
herehere
,,
alsoalso
suspendedsuspend
transmissionstransmission
asas
journalistsjournalist
refusedrefuse
toto
workwork
.
Thethe
embattledembattled
Laborlabor
Partyparty
governmentgovernment
maymay
havehave
dealtdeal
itselfitself
aa
majormajor
blowblow
Wednesdaywednesday
asas
allegationsallegation
ofof
forgeryforgery
andand
dirtydirty
trickstrick
flewfly
threethree
daysday
aheadahead
ofof
nationalnational
electionselection
.
Aa
furorfuror
eruptederupt
afterafter
Treasurertreasurer
Ralphralph
Williswillis
releasedrelease
whatwhat
hehe
claimedclaim
werebe
copiescopy
ofof
secretsecret
lettersletter
betweenbetween
oppositionopposition
officialsofficial
thatthat
revealedreveal
aa
covertcovert
planplan
forfor
massivemassive
spendingspending
cutscut
ifif
electedelect
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
leaderleader
,,
Johnjohn
Howardhoward
,,
denounceddenounce
thethe
lettersletter
asas
fakefake
andand
demandeddemand
aa
policepolice
investigationinvestigation
.
""
Therethere
isbe
nono
suchsuch
planplan
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Howardhoward
saidsay
toto
reportersreporter
.
""
Itit
isbe
obviouslyobviously
aa
desperatedesperate
attemptattempt
byby
thethe
Laborlabor
Partyparty
toto
dishonestlydishonestly
andand
disgracefullydisgracefully
andand
deceitfullydeceitfully
misleadmislead
thethe
Australianaustralian
peoplepeople
""
.
Hehe
alsoalso
calledcall
forfor
thethe
resignationresignation
ofof
Mr.mr.
Williswillis
,,
thethe
No.no.
33
cabinetcabinet
officialofficial
.
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Paulpaul
Keatingkeating
laterlate
acknowledgedacknowledge
thatthat
thethe
lettersletter
mightmight
bebe
forgeriesforgery
andand
saidsay
hehe
hadhave
nono
objectionobjection
toto
policepolice
investigatinginvestigate
thethe
mattermatter
.
Analystsanalyst
saidsay
thethe
governmentgovernment
,,
alreadyalready
trailingtrail
inin
opinionopinion
pollspoll
,,
couldcould
loselose
credibilitycredibility
withwith
votersvoter
ifif
thethe
lettersletter
arebe
provedproved
toto
bebe
forgeriesforgery
beforebefore
Saturday'ssaturday
electionelection
.
Thethe
lettersletter
saidsay
Mr.mr.
Howard'showard
Liberal-Nationalliberal-national
coalitioncoalition
secretlysecretly
plannedplan
toto
slashslash
1.81.8
billionbillion
Australianaustralian
dollarsdollar
((
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billionbillion
))
ofof
federalfederal
grantsgrant
toto
Australia'saustralia
sixsix
statesstate
ifif
electedelect
.
Thisthis
wouldwould
forceforce
thethe
statesstate
toto
levylevy
newnew
andand
unpopularunpopular
taxestax
.
Federalfederal
spendingspending
hashave
becomebecome
aa
majormajor
issueissue
inin
thethe
campaigncampaign
.
Mr.mr.
Williswillis
toldtell
reportersreporter
thatthat
thethe
lettersletter
werebe
delivereddeliver
anonymouslyanonymously
inin
aa
brownbrown
envelopeenvelope
toto
hishis
officeoffice
Wednesdaywednesday
morningmorning
.
Hehe
saidsay
oneone
letterletter
wasbe
fromfrom
thethe
premierpremier
ofof
Victoriavictoria
statestate
,,
Jeffjeff
Kennettkennett
,,
andand
anotheranother
wasbe
fromfrom
thethe
officeoffice
ofof
thethe
Liberalliberal
Party'sparty
deputydeputy
leaderleader
,,
Peterpeter
Costellocostello
.
Inin
Melbournemelbourne
,,
Mr.mr.
Kennettkennett
saidsay
thethe
letterletter
thatthat
borebear
hishis
namename
hadhave
beenbe
typedtype
onon
stationerystationery
notnot
useduse
byby
hishis
officeoffice
forfor
moremore
thanthan
1818
monthsmonth
.
Itit
alsoalso
hadhave
aa
falsefalse
signaturesignature
,,
hehe
saidsay
.
Thethe
Russianrussian
Orthodoxorthodox
Churchchurch
hashave
severedsevered
tiestie
withwith
thethe
historichistoric
centercenter
ofof
Easterneastern
Orthodoxyorthodoxy
,,
thethe
Patriarchatepatriarchate
ofof
Constantinopleconstantinople
,,
inin
aa
disputedispute
overover
thethe
independenceindependence
ofof
thethe
churchchurch
inin
Estoniaestonia
.
Thethe
actionaction
setsset
thethe
largestlarge
Orthodoxorthodox
churchchurch
,,
withwith
moremore
thanthan
100100
millionmillion
membersmember
,,
againstagainst
thethe
traditionaltraditional
andand
symbolicsymbolic
centercenter
ofof
Easterneastern
Orthodoxorthodox
leadershipleadership
.
Thethe
breachbreach
isbe
thethe
productproduct
ofof
thethe
samesame
nationalnational
conflictsconflict
thatthat
havehave
jarredjar
thethe
politicalpolitical
lifelife
ofof
Russiarussia
andand
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
sincesince
thethe
collapsecollapse
ofof
Communismcommunism
.
Thethe
riftrift
becamebecome
officialofficial
onon
Sundaysunday
,,
whenwhen
Patriarchpatriarch
Aleksyaleksy
IIii
ofof
Moscowmoscow
,,
celebratingcelebrate
aa
Divinedivine
Liturgyliturgy
atat
thethe
Cathedralcathedral
ofof
thethe
Epiphanyepiphany
withwith
5050
otherother
Russianrussian
Orthodoxorthodox
bishopsbishop
,,
omittedomit
thethe
namename
ofof
Patriarchpatriarch
Bartholomewbartholomew
Ii
ofof
Constantinopleconstantinople
fromfrom
thethe
listlist
ofof
leadersleader
normallynormally
commemoratedcommemorate
inin
thethe
riterite
.
Itit
wasbe
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
sincesince
thethe
originsorigin
ofof
Russianrussian
Orthodoxyorthodoxy
inin
988988
,,
aa
statementstatement
fromfrom
thethe
Moscowmoscow
Patriarchatepatriarchate
saidsay
,,
thatthat
thethe
Russianrussian
churchchurch
hadhave
refusedrefuse
toto
commemoratecommemorate
thethe
Patriarchpatriarch
inin
Constantinopleconstantinople
,,
nownow
Istanbulistanbul
.
Inin
additionaddition
,,
Russianrussian
Orthodoxorthodox
clergyclergy
werebe
forbiddenforbid
toto
celebratecelebrate
liturgiesliturgy
withwith
clergyclergy
underunder
thethe
Constantinopleconstantinople
Patriarchate'spatriarchate
jurisdictionjurisdiction
.
Thethe
stepsstep
werebe
takentake
inin
responseresponse
toto
Constantinople'sconstantinople
recognitionrecognition
ofof
ana
autonomousautonomous
Orthodoxorthodox
Churchchurch
ofof
Estoniaestonia
underunder
itsits
ownown
supervisionsupervision
ratherrather
thanthan
Moscow'smoscow's
..
..
Thethe
conflictconflict
couldcould
setset
backback
aa
generalgeneral
revivalrevival
ofof
Orthodoxyorthodoxy
inin
formerlyformerly
Communistcommunist
nationsnation
andand
elsewhereelsewhere
,,
andand
itit
couldcould
becomebecome
ana
issueissue
inin
thethe
presidentialpresidential
electionelection
inin
Russiarussia
thisthis
yearyear
.
Althoughalthough
thethe
statementstatement
fromfrom
Moscowmoscow
spokespeak
ofof
""
aa
shatteringshatter
ofof
thethe
ages-longages-long
Orthodoxorthodox
unityunity
,,
""
U.S.u.s.
Orthodoxorthodox
churchchurch
leadersleader
saidsay
thethe
actionaction
fellfall
shortshort
ofof
aa
formalformal
schismschism
.
Theythey
notednote
thatthat
thethe
Russianrussian
Orthodoxorthodox
Churchchurch
hadhave
declareddeclare
itsits
relationsrelation
withwith
Constantinopleconstantinople
toto
bebe
""
suspendedsuspend
""
ratherrather
thanthan
definitivelydefinitively
cutcut
offoff
andand
thatthat
thethe
twotwo
quarrelingquarreling
centerscenter
ofof
Orthodoxyorthodoxy
werebe
indirectlyindirectly
linkedlink
asas
longlong
asas
otherother
Orthodoxorthodox
churcheschurch
stillstill
professedprofess
unionunion
withwith
bothboth
.
Thatthat
couldcould
changechange
,,
theythey
saidsay
,,
ifif
Moscowmoscow
andand
Constantinopleconstantinople
enlistedenlist
thethe
supportsupport
ofof
otherother
nationalnational
churcheschurch
andand
divideddivide
thethe
Orthodoxorthodox
worldworld
intointo
twotwo
campscamp
.
Orthodoxorthodox
Christianitychristianity
isbe
organizedorganize
intointo
independentindependent
nationalnational
churcheschurch
thatthat
shareshare
aa
commoncommon
doctrinedoctrine
andand
ritualritual
butbut
arebe
""
autocephalousautocephalous
,,
""
oror
self-governingself-governing
,,
bodiesbody
.
Thethe
churchchurch
inin
Estoniaestonia
isbe
oneone
ofof
severalseveral
autonomousautonomous
churcheschurch
--
internallyinternally
self-governingself-governing
butbut
stillstill
answerableanswerable
,,
especiallyespecially
inin
thethe
choicechoice
ofof
theirtheir
leadingleading
bishopbishop
,,
toto
thethe
oversightoversight
ofof
aa
mothermother
churchchurch
,,
usuallyusually
thethe
oneone
thatthat
originallyoriginally
establishedestablish
Orthodoxyorthodoxy
inin
thatthat
territoryterritory
.
Allall
thesethese
churcheschurch
recognizerecognize
thethe
Ecumenicalecumenical
Patriarchpatriarch
ofof
Constantinopleconstantinople
asas
aa
""
firstfirst
amongamong
equalsequal
""
whowho
takestake
thethe
leadlead
inin
Orthodoxorthodox
affairsaffair
andand
inin
resolvingresolve
disputesdispute
betweenbetween
sistersister
churcheschurch
.
Butbut
thatthat
leadershipleadership
isbe
primarilyprimarily
oneone
ofof
initiativeinitiative
andand
persuasionpersuasion
andand
itsits
exactexact
reachreach
hashave
oftenoften
beenbe
contestedcontest
.
Thethe
Russianrussian
churchchurch
,,
inin
particularparticular
,,
hashave
tendedtend
toto
becomebecome
aa
competingcompeting
centercenter
ofof
Orthdoxyorthdoxy
asas
Constantinopleconstantinople
,,
overover
thethe
centuriescentury
,,
passedpass
fromfrom
beingbe
thethe
centercenter
ofof
thethe
Byzantinebyzantine
Empireempire
toto
beingbe
ana
outpostoutpost
ofof
Christianitychristianity
inin
ana
Islamicislamic
Turkeyturkey
.
Thethe
statusstatus
ofof
thethe
Estonianestonian
churchchurch
hashave
beenbe
thethe
subjectsubject
ofof
fruitlessfruitless
negotiationsnegotiation
betweenbetween
Moscowmoscow
andand
Constantinopleconstantinople
forfor
twotwo
yearsyear
.
Onon
Feb.feb.
2020
,,
Patriarchpatriarch
Bartholomewbartholomew
declareddeclare
thatthat
Constantinopleconstantinople
wasbe
takingtake
chargecharge
ofof
thethe
Orthodoxorthodox
churchchurch
inin
Estoniaestonia
atat
thethe
requestrequest
ofof
bothboth
thethe
Estonianestonian
governmentgovernment
andand
6767
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
Orthodoxorthodox
membersmember
therethere
,,
whowho
wishedwish
separationseparation
fromfrom
thethe
leadershipleadership
inin
Moscowmoscow
.
Hehe
saidsay
hehe
wasbe
reactivatingreactivate
aa
measuremeasure
ofof
19231923
,,
whichwhich
broughtbring
thethe
Estonianestonian
churchchurch
underunder
Constantinople'sconstantinople
wingwing
.
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Wlodzimierzwlodzimierz
Cimoszewiczcimoszewicz
acceptedaccept
thethe
resignationresignation
Wednesdaywednesday
ofof
Poland'spoland
intelligenceintelligence
agencyagency
chiefchief
,,
whosewhose
officeoffice
hashave
beenbe
accusedaccuse
ofof
leakingleak
informationinformation
aboutabout
aa
spyspy
inquiryinquiry
involvinginvolve
thethe
formerformer
primeprime
ministerminister
.
Oppositionopposition
politicianspolitician
saidsay
thethe
dismissaldismissal
ofof
Gromoslawgromoslaw
Czempinskiczempinski
wouldwould
resultresult
inin
Mr.mr.
Cimoszewicz'scimoszewicz's
partyparty
,,
thethe
formerformer
Communistscommunist
,,
gaininggain
fullfull
controlcontrol
overover
thethe
officeoffice
thatthat
hadhave
gatheredgather
evidenceevidence
againstagainst
theirtheir
partyparty
colleaguecolleague
,,
formerformer
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Jozefjozef
Oleksyoleksy
.
Thethe
primeprime
minister'sminister
officeoffice
diddo
notnot
commentcomment
onon
itsits
actionaction
,,
oror
onon
whowho
wouldwould
replacereplace
Mr.mr.
Czempinskiczempinski
.
((
APap
))
Canadacanada
andand
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
shouldshould
forgeforge
closerclose
economiceconomic
andand
foreignforeign
policypolicy
linkslink
,,
andand
thethe
twotwo
shouldshould
workwork
togethertogether
withwith
Washingtonwashington
toto
fightfight
terrorismterrorism
andand
drugdrug
traffickingtrafficking
,,
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Commissioncommission
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
.
Itit
proposedpropose
talkstalk
withwith
Ottawaottawa
onon
aa
jointjoint
politicalpolitical
statementstatement
andand
actionaction
planplan
toto
bebe
endorsedendorse
atat
aa
futurefuture
EU-Canadaeu-canada
summitsummit
meetingmeeting
.
((
Reutersreuters
))
Thethe
Frenchfrench
governmentgovernment
plansplan
measuresmeasure
toto
alleviatealleviate
thethe
plightplight
ofof
thethe
poorpoor
andand
thethe
homelesshomeless
butbut
hashave
notnot
workedwork
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howhow
toto
meetmeet
thethe
package'spackage
4040
billionbillion
francfranc
((
$$
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))
priceprice
tagtag
,,
Librationlibration
reportedreport
Wednesdaywednesday
.
Thethe
Parisparis
newspapernewspaper
publishedpublish
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itit
saidsay
wasbe
thethe
preliminarypreliminary
texttext
ofof
aa
billbill
providingprovide
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ana
increaseincrease
inin
thethe
minimumminimum
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forfor
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,,
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aa
cutcut
inin
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single-parentsingle-parent
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.
((
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))
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
eventsevent
scheduledschedule
forfor
Thursdaythursday
::
.
BRUSSELSbrussels
::
.
Thethe
commissionercommissioner
forfor
socialsocial
affairsaffair
,,
Padraigpadraig
Flynnflynn
,,
andand
thethe
commissionercommissioner
forfor
justicejustice
,,
immigrationimmigration
andand
fraudfraud
controlcontrol
,,
Anitaanita
Gradingradin
,,
meetmeet
withwith
thethe
Swedishswedish
socialsocial
affairsaffair
ministerminister
,,
Annaanna
Hedborghedborg
.
BRUSSELSbrussels
::
.
Thethe
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forfor
competitioncompetition
policypolicy
,,
Karelkarel
Vanvan
Miertmiert
,,
andand
thethe
commissionercommissioner
forfor
industryindustry
,,
Martinmartin
Bangemannbangemann
,,
meetmeet
withwith
Edmondedmond
Alphanderyalphandery
,,
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Frenchfrench
electricityelectricity
utilityutility
,,
EDFedf
.
BANGKOKbangkok
::
.
Thethe
presidentpresident
ofof
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Commissioncommission
,,
Jacquesjacques
Santersanter
,,
andand
thethe
vicevice
presidentspresident
inin
chargecharge
ofof
Asianasian
relationsrelation
,,
Manuelmanuel
Marinmarin
andand
Sirsir
Leonleon
Brittanbrittan
,,
participateparticipate
inin
thethe
openingopening
ofof
thethe
Euro-Asianeuro-asian
summitsummit
meetingmeeting
.
Sourcessource
::
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Agenceagence
Europeeurope
,,
Spain'sspain
electoralelectoral
boardboard
criticizedcriticize
statestate
televisiontelevision
Wednesdaywednesday
andand
bannedban
itit
fromfrom
airingair
ana
interviewinterview
withwith
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Felipefelipe
Gonzalezgonzalez
onon
thethe
lastlast
campaigningcampaigning
dayday
forfor
ana
electionelection
hehe
seemsseem
unlikelyunlikely
toto
winwin
.
""
Thethe
broadcastingbroadcasting
ofof
ana
interviewinterview
withwith
aa
politicalpolitical
candidatecandidate
onon
thethe
lastlast
dayday
ofof
campaigningcampaigning
wouldwould
breachbreach
thethe
principleprinciple
ofof
neutralityneutrality
byby
publicpublic
mediamedia
,,
""
thethe
boardboard
saidsay
.
Televisiontelevision
Espaolaespaola
,,
whichwhich
runsrun
publicpublic
channelschannel
TVE-1tve-1
andand
TVE-2tve-2
,,
willwill
havehave
toto
showshow
thethe
interviewinterview
notnot
onon
Fridayfriday
asas
plannedplan
butbut
onon
Thursdaythursday
.
Onon
thatthat
dayday
itit
plansplan
toto
broadcastbroadcast
ana
interviewinterview
withwith
thethe
Popularpopular
Partyparty
leaderleader
,,
Josjos
Mar¡amar¡a
Aznaraznar
,,
whowho
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
winwin
thethe
electionelection
Sundaysunday
.
Withwith
aa
leadlead
ofof
betweenbetween
6.56.5
andand
11.611.6
percentagepercentage
pointspoint
inin
opinionopinion
pollspoll
,,
thethe
Popularpopular
Partyparty
isbe
widelywidely
predictedpredict
toto
oustoust
thethe
Socialistsocialist
Workers'worker
Partyparty
,,
whichwhich
hashave
beenbe
inin
powerpower
forfor
1313
yearsyear
.
Statestate
televisiontelevision
hashave
aa
legallegal
obligationobligation
toto
provideprovide
unbiasedunbiased
coveragecoverage
byby
showingshow
partyparty
politicalpolitical
broadcastsbroadcast
duringduring
freefree
electoralelectoral
spacesspace
andand
byby
providingprovide
""
cleanclean
""
newsnews
coveragecoverage
,,
althoughalthough
itit
hashave
beenbe
accusedaccuse
ofof
favoringfavor
thethe
governinggoverning
partyparty
.
Thethe
rulingruling
followedfollow
complaintscomplaint
fromfrom
thethe
center-rightcenter-right
Popularpopular
Partyparty
andand
thethe
Communist-ledcommunist-led
Unitedunited
Leftleft
coalitioncoalition
againstagainst
thethe
statestate
broadcaster'sbroadcaster
plansplan
toto
showshow
aa
totaltotal
ofof
threethree
hourshour
ofof
Mr.mr.
Gonzalezgonzalez
onon
bothboth
channelschannel
Fridayfriday
.
Thethe
primeprime
ministerminister
wasbe
duedue
toto
appearappear
onon
aa
breakfastbreakfast
programprogram
broadcastbroadcast
simultaneouslysimultaneously
onon
statestate
radioradio
andand
TVE-2tve-2
andand
thenthen
inin
ana
interviewinterview
withwith
TVE-1tve-1
thatthat
eveningevening
.
Mr.mr.
Aznaraznar
hashave
thethe
samesame
programsprogram
linedline
upup
forfor
Thursdaythursday
,,
butbut
somesome
membersmember
ofof
thethe
statestate
televisiontelevision
boardboard
saidsay
thatthat
Friday'sfriday
scheduleschedule
""
excessivelyexcessively
benefitsbenefit
""
thethe
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
""
whowho
willwill
havehave
aa
peakpeak
audienceaudience
slotslot
atat
thethe
endend
ofof
thethe
campaigncampaign
withoutwithout
anyany
rightright
toto
replyreply
""
.
Thethe
electoralelectoral
boardboard
,,
calledcall
inin
toto
arbitratearbitrate
thethe
disagreementdisagreement
,,
agreedagree
.
Spanishspanish
votersvoter
havehave
yetyet
toto
seesee
thethe
mainmain
candidatescandidate
inin
aa
face-to-faceface-to-face
debatedebate
becausebecause
thethe
threethree
mainmain
partiesparty
havehave
beenbe
unableunable
toto
agreeagree
onon
aa
formatformat
andand
aa
datedate
.
Europeaneuropean
maritimemaritime
nationsnation
agreedagree
Wednesdaywednesday
toto
carrycarry
outout
toughertough
safetysafety
standardsstandard
onon
ferryferry
boatsboat
byby
20022002
inin
aa
bidbid
toto
preventprevent
disastersdisaster
suchsuch
asas
thethe
Septemberseptember
19941994
sinkingsinking
ofof
thethe
vesselvessel
Estoniaestonia
inin
whichwhich
852852
peopleperson
dieddie
.
Thethe
newnew
rulesrule
willwill
requirerequire
thatthat
allall
roll-onroll-on
,,
roll-offroll-off
ferriesferry
sailingsail
inin
northernnorthern
Europeaneuropean
waterswater
bebe
capablecapable
ofof
toleratingtolerate
5050
centimeterscentimeter
((
1818
inchesinch
))
ofof
waterwater
onon
theirtheir
carcar
decksdeck
withoutwithout
losinglose
stabilitystability
.
Thethe
announcementannouncement
wasbe
mademake
atat
thethe
conclusionconclusion
ofof
twotwo
daysday
ofof
talkstalk
onon
maritimemaritime
safetysafety
ledlead
byby
Sweden'ssweden
Nationalnational
Maritimemaritime
Administrationadministration
.
Thethe
conferenceconference
reconvenedreconvene
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
afterafter
aa
monthlongmonthlong
breakbreak
.
Aa
Danishdanish
proposalproposal
bridgedbridge
differencesdifference
betweenbetween
northernnorthern
statesstate
favoringfavor
stricterstrict
standardsstandard
andand
southernsouthern
nationsnation
worriedworry
thatthat
thethe
costcost
ofof
newnew
measuresmeasure
couldcould
putput
somesome
ofof
theirtheir
operatorsoperator
outout
ofof
businessbusiness
.
Shipsship
nownow
servingserve
portsport
inin
thethe
Balticbaltic
Seasea
andand
thethe
northernnorthern
Atlanticatlantic
fromfrom
Icelandiceland
toto
Capcap
Finisterrefinisterre
inin
Spainspain
mustmust
bebe
upgradedupgrade
toto
meetmeet
thethe
newnew
standardsstandard
betweenbetween
19971997
andand
20022002
.
Thethe
improvementsimprovement
maymay
requirerequire
interiorinterior
bulkheadsbulkhead
toto
bebe
builtbuild
toto
preventprevent
waterwater
fromfrom
swirlingswirl
alongalong
hugehuge
carcar
decksdeck
,,
upsettingupset
thethe
balancebalance
ofof
vesselsvessel
.
""
Itit
willwill
notnot
bebe
cheapcheap
,,
""
Johanjohan
Fransonfranson
,,
directordirector
ofof
maritimemaritime
safetysafety
inin
Swedensweden
saidsay
atat
aa
newsnews
conferenceconference
atat
thethe
endend
ofof
thethe
meetingmeeting
.
Jamesjames
Wallwall
,,
aa
Britishbritish
delegatedelegate
,,
saidsay
thethe
costcost
ofof
improvingimprove
thethe
Britishbritish
fleetfleet
wouldwould
bebe
5050
millionmillion
toto
6060
millionmillion
((
$$
7575
millionmillion
toto
$$
9090
millionmillion
))
aa
yearyear
EUROPE-SHIPPINGeurope-shipping
..
..
Afterafter
aa
10-year10-year
strugglestruggle
,,
Frenchfrench
cidercider
producersproducer
willwill
nownow
bebe
ableable
toto
joinjoin
thethe
makersmaker
ofof
finefine
winewine
inin
placingplace
onon
theirtheir
bottlesbottle
thethe
wordsword
Appellationappellation
d'Origined'origine
Contrlecontrle
,,
showingshow
thatthat
theirstheirs
isbe
aa
controlledcontrolled
vintagevintage
meetingmeet
strictstrict
requirementsrequirement
ofof
originorigin
andand
puritypurity
.
Philippephilippe
Vasseurvasseur
,,
thethe
agricultureagriculture
ministerminister
,,
hashave
signedsign
aa
decreedecree
allowingallow
somesome
appleapple
producersproducer
--
aa
carefullycarefully
chosenchosen
corecore
groupgroup
whosewhose
orchardsorchard
havehave
beenbe
surveyedsurvey
,,
inspectedinspect
andand
delimiteddelimit
--
toto
placeplace
thethe
AOCaoc
markmark
onon
theirtheir
productsproduct
.
Producersproducer
hopehope
thisthis
willwill
givegive
theirtheir
ciderscider
greatergreat
prominenceprominence
onon
storestore
shelvesshelf
andand
onon
restaurantrestaurant
menusmenu
.
Somesome
ofof
thesethese
sparklingsparkling
goldengolden
beveragesbeverage
containcontain
asas
muchmuch
asas
55
percentpercent
alcoholalcohol
,,
toto
thethe
occasionaloccasional
surprisesurprise
ofof
touriststourist
.
France'sfrance
partnerspartner
inin
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
havehave
sixsix
monthsmonth
toto
declaredeclare
anyany
oppositionopposition
toto
thisthis
practicepractice
.
Apple-growers'apple-growers
warywary
eyeseye
arebe
trainedtrain
primarilyprimarily
onon
Britainbritain
.
Threethree
timestime
asas
manymany
applesapple
arebe
growngrow
inin
Britainbritain
thanthan
Francefrance
,,
andand
Britainbritain
hashave
threethree
protectedprotected
ciderscider
ofof
itsits
ownown
.
Thethe
hugehuge
influxinflux
ofof
immigrantsimmigrant
fromfrom
formerformer
Communistcommunist
countriescountry
hashave
causedcause
strainsstrain
inin
Germanygermany
,,
andand
theirtheir
receptionreception
hashave
beenbe
mixedmixed
.
Thethe
samesame
isbe
truetrue
ofof
ethnicethnic
Germansgerman
whowho
havehave
immigratedimmigrate
fromfrom
thethe
formerformer
Sovietsoviet
Unionunion
,,
thethe
newsweeklynewsweekly
Focusfocus
reportsreport
.
Itit
sayssay
thatthat
aa
millionmillion
ofof
thesethese
so-calledso-called
Volgavolga
Germansgerman
havehave
arrivedarrive
sincesince
19901990
,,
andand
200,000200,000
moremore
arebe
comingcome
eacheach
yearyear
.
Somesome
politicianspolitician
arebe
callingcall
forfor
ana
annualannual
quotaquota
ofof
50,00050,000
toto
100,000100,000
,,
whichwhich
wouldwould
requirerequire
aa
changechange
inin
thethe
lawlaw
thatthat
guaranteesguarantee
themthem
aa
rightright
ofof
returnreturn
.
Frictionfriction
hashave
risenrise
notnot
justjust
becausebecause
ofof
theirtheir
numbersnumber
butbut
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
decreasinglydecreasingly
Germangerman
identityidentity
ofof
thethe
newnew
arrivalsarrival
.
Olderold
Volgavolga
Germansgerman
arebe
knownknow
forfor
theirtheir
disciplinediscipline
,,
hardhard
workwork
andand
respectrespect
forfor
theirtheir
Germangerman
heritageheritage
.
Butbut
aboutabout
4545
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
newnew
arrivalsarrival
arebe
underunder
2525
yearsyear
ofof
ageage
.
Gerhardgerhard
Glogowskiglogowski
,,
thethe
interiorinterior
ministerminister
ofof
Lowerlower
Saxonysaxony
,,
chargescharge
thatthat
becausebecause
ofof
theirtheir
Communist-tingedcommunist-ting
upbringingupbringing
,,
theythey
tendtend
toto
bebe
""
demandingdemanding
,,
aggressiveaggressive
andand
lazylazy
,,
""
oftenoften
speakspeak
Germangerman
poorlypoorly
oror
notnot
atat
allall
,,
andand
arebe
proneprone
toto
crimecrime
.
Veterinariansveterinarian
andand
othersother
whowho
studystudy
thethe
carecare
andand
breedingbreeding
ofof
farmfarm
animalsanimal
arebe
increasinglyincreasingly
concludingconclude
thatthat
therethere
isbe
financialfinancial
advantageadvantage
toto
treatingtreat
animalsanimal
wellwell
.
Fivefive
toto
1010
minutesminute
ofof
attentionattention
aa
dayday
,,
ana
occasionaloccasional
caresscaress
oror
gentlegentle
wordword
--
eveneven
aa
rubberrubber
toytoy
toto
chewchew
onon
--
cancan
reducereduce
stressstress
forfor
ana
animalanimal
thatthat
spendsspend
muchmuch
ofof
itsits
lifelife
lookinglook
atat
aa
barnbarn
wallwall
.
Thatthat
inin
turnturn
leadslead
toto
fasterfast
growthgrowth
andand
greatergreat
reproductionreproduction
.
Inin
Francefrance
,,
thethe
Nationalnational
Instituteinstitute
forfor
Agronomicagronomic
Researchresearch
hashave
beenbe
studyingstudy
pig-raisingpig-raising
techniquestechnique
.
Sowssow
keptkeep
tiedtie
upup
,,
itit
foundfind
,,
arebe
sevenseven
timestime
moremuch
likelylikely
toto
hurthurt
themselvesthemselves
thanthan
thosethose
allowedallow
toto
roamroam
.
Somesome
animalanimal
loverslover
maymay
notnot
agreeagree
withwith
allall
thethe
recentrecent
findingsfinding
::
.
Chickenschicken
,,
itit
seemsseem
,,
arebe
muchmuch
happierhappy
coopedcoop
upup
inin
smallsmall
spacesspace
--
asas
increasinglyincreasingly
isbe
thethe
casecase
onon
hugehuge
industrialindustrial
poultrypoultry
farmsfarm
--
thanthan
inin
openopen
andand
perhapsperhaps
threateningthreatening
environmentsenvironment
.
""
Eurocondomseurocondoms
,,
""
guaranteedguarantee
toto
meetmeet
minimumminimum
strengthstrength
andand
sizesize
requirementsrequirement
,,
willwill
soonsoon
bebe
availableavailable
inin
storesstore
.
Thethe
Europeaneuropean
Committeecommittee
forfor
Standardizationstandardization
,,
basedbase
inin
Brusselsbrussels
,,
announcedannounce
thethe
specificationsspecification
Wednesdaywednesday
.
Thethe
newnew
standardstandard
willwill
helphelp
ensureensure
thatthat
condomscondom
cancan
bebe
soldsell
acrossacross
bordersborder
withoutwithout
havinghave
toto
meetmeet
ana
arrayarray
ofof
differentdifferent
requirementsrequirement
.
Thethe
specificationsspecification
arebe
voluntaryvoluntary
forfor
nownow
.
Butbut
manufacturersmanufacturer
meetingmeet
themthem
willwill
automaticallyautomatically
bebe
inin
compliancecompliance
withwith
aa
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
lawlaw
thatthat
isbe
duedue
toto
comecome
intointo
effecteffect
byby
Junejune
19981998
.
Inin
somesome
casescase
,,
thethe
newnew
standardsstandard
willwill
allowallow
manufacturersmanufacturer
toto
sellsell
differentdifferent
sizedsized
condomscondom
inin
somesome
Europeaneuropean
countriescountry
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
.
Tenten
yearsyear
agoago
,,
ana
assassinassassin
killedkill
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Olofolof
Palmepalme
asas
hehe
andand
hishis
wifewife
walkedwalk
homehome
fromfrom
thethe
moviesmovie
inin
downtowndowntown
Stockholmstockholm
,,
unguardedunguarded
.
Swedesswede
stoppedstop
toto
rememberremember
thethe
manman
gunnedgun
downdown
onon
Feb.feb.
2828
,,
19861986
,,
andand
amidamid
thethe
flowersflower
,,
solemnsolemn
momentsmoment
andand
speechesspeech
,,
theythey
havehave
turnedturn
theirtheir
attentionattention
toto
Mr.mr.
Palme'spalme
stronglystrongly
leftistleftist
politicspolitics
.
Failurefailure
toto
findfind
aa
killerkiller
hashave
spawnedspawn
aa
cottagecottage
industryindustry
inin
conspiracyconspiracy
theoriestheory
aboutabout
everybodyeverybody
fromfrom
Kurdishkurdish
militantsmilitant
toto
rightistrightist
Swedishswedish
policepolice
officersofficer
.
Aboutabout
aa
dozendozen
detectivesdetective
--
soonsoon
toto
bebe
reducedreduce
toto
twotwo
oror
threethree
--
stillstill
workwork
full-timefull-time
onon
thethe
casecase
,,
weedingweed
outout
thethe
lastlast
tipstip
fromfrom
ana
estimatedestimated
17,00017,000
investigatedinvestigate
overover
thethe
yearsyear
.
Butbut
Andersanders
Helinhelin
,,
thethe
prosecutorprosecutor
,,
toldtell
thethe
dailydaily
Aftonbladetaftonbladet
thatthat
hehe
believedbelieve
thethe
policepolice
wouldwould
solvesolve
thethe
casecase
thisthis
yearyear
.
Thethe
Yugoslavyugoslav
warwar
crimescrime
tribunaltribunal
refusedrefuse
Wednesdaywednesday
toto
grantgrant
aa
Serbianserbian
general'sgeneral
appealappeal
toto
bebe
releasedrelease
immediatelyimmediately
,,
andand
prosecutorsprosecutor
saidsay
theythey
wouldwould
seekseek
toto
extendextend
hishis
detentiondetention
forfor
anotheranother
monthmonth
.
Thethe
presidingpresiding
judgejudge
saidsay
Generalgeneral
Djordjedjordje
Djukicdjukic
,,
whowho
isbe
beingbe
heldhold
inin
thethe
Haguehague
,,
couldcould
bebe
freedfree
Mondaymonday
unlessunless
prosecutorsprosecutor
mademake
aa
casecase
forfor
holdinghold
himhim
longerlong
atat
aa
hearinghearing
scheduledschedule
Fridayfriday
.
Lawyerslawyer
forfor
Generalgeneral
Djukicdjukic
contendedcontend
thatthat
hishis
arrestarrest
andand
detentiondetention
werebe
illegalillegal
.
Thethe
casecase
raisesraise
thethe
issueissue
ofof
whetherwhether
thethe
tribunaltribunal
cancan
legallylegally
detaindetain
suspectssuspect
withoutwithout
indictmentindictment
.
Mondaymonday
wasbe
thethe
dayday
thatthat
aa
Sarajevosarajevo
courtcourt
hadhave
setset
forfor
Generalgeneral
Djukic'sdjukic's
releaserelease
fromfrom
Bosnianbosnian
custodycustody
beforebefore
hehe
wasbe
transferredtransfer
toto
Thethe
Haguehague
.
Thethe
Sarajevosarajevo
judgesjudge
havehave
sincesince
movedmove
thatthat
datedate
toto
Maymay
44
,,
givinggive
tribunaltribunal
prosecutorsprosecutor
thethe
leewayleeway
toto
extendextend
Generalgeneral
Djukic'sdjukic's
detentiondetention
inin
Thethe
Haguehague
.
Underunder
itsits
ownown
rulesrule
,,
thethe
tribunaltribunal
cancan
holdhold
aa
witnesswitness
oror
suspectsuspect
onlyonly
asas
longlong
asas
thethe
personperson
wouldwould
bebe
heldhold
byby
thethe
authoritiesauthority
wherewhere
hehe
oror
sheshe
wasbe
originallyoriginally
detaineddetain
.
Itit
wasbe
notnot
immediatelyimmediately
clearclear
whatwhat
wouldwould
becomebecome
ofof
Colonelcolonel
Aleksaaleksa
Krsmanovickrsmanovic
,,
whowho
wasbe
arrestedarrest
withwith
Generalgeneral
Djukicdjukic
whenwhen
theythey
mademake
aa
wrongwrong
turnturn
intointo
aa
Bosnian-controlledbosnian-controlled
suburbsuburb
ofof
Sarajevosarajevo
lastlast
monthmonth
.
Neitherneither
ofof
thethe
officersofficer
hashave
beenbe
indictedindict
byby
thethe
tribunaltribunal
,,
whichwhich
wantswant
themthem
toto
testifytestify
againstagainst
thethe
Bosnianbosnian
Serbserb
leaderleader
Radovanradovan
Karadzickaradzic
andand
hishis
militarymilitary
chiefchief
,,
Generalgeneral
Ratkoratko
Mladicmladic
.
Thethe
hearinghearing
Wednesdaywednesday
concernedconcern
onlyonly
Generalgeneral
Djukicdjukic
,,
butbut
anyany
orderorder
toto
freefree
himhim
oror
keepkeep
himhim
inin
custodycustody
wouldwould
almostalmost
certainlycertainly
bebe
extendedextend
toto
Colonelcolonel
Krsmanovickrsmanovic
.
Aa
NATOnato
diplomatdiplomat
inin
Bosniabosnia
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
NATOnato
troopstroop
presentpresent
atat
aa
meetingmeeting
atat
whichwhich
Mr.mr.
Karadzickaradzic
wasbe
brieflybriefly
spottedspot
diddo
notnot
trytry
toto
arrestarrest
himhim
becausebecause
hehe
wasbe
accompaniedaccompany
byby
heavilyheavily
armedarmed
bodyguardsbodyguard
.
Mr.mr.
Karadzickaradzic
,,
underunder
indictmentindictment
forfor
genocidegenocide
,,
wasbe
inin
thethe
samesame
buildingbuilding
useduse
forfor
aa
high-levelhigh-level
meetingmeeting
ofof
Serbianserbian
,,
Muslimmuslim
andand
Croatcroat
officialsofficial
.
Thethe
seniorsenior
civiliancivilian
envoyenvoy
inin
Bosniabosnia
,,
Carlcarl
Bildtbildt
,,
wasbe
alsoalso
inin
thethe
buildingbuilding
,,
hishis
aidesaide
saidsay
.
Mr.mr.
Bildtbildt
,,
thethe
envoyenvoy
responsibleresponsible
forfor
overseeingoversee
thethe
civiliancivilian
aspectsaspect
ofof
thethe
Daytondayton
peacepeace
accordsaccord
,,
diddo
notnot
meetmeet
Mr.mr.
Karadzickaradzic
.
Questionedquestion
onon
Bosnianbosnian
governmentgovernment
televisiontelevision
aboutabout
thethe
incidentincident
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
thethe
commandercommander
ofof
Northnorth
Atlanticatlantic
Treatytreaty
Organizationorganization
forcesforce
inin
Bosniabosnia
,,
Admiraladmiral
Leightonleighton
Smithsmith
ofof
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
,,
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
""
notnot
havehave
beenbe
veryvery
smartsmart
""
toto
trytry
toto
detaindetain
thethe
Serbianserbian
leaderleader
underunder
thethe
circumstancescircumstance
.
Underunder
thethe
Daytondayton
accordsaccord
,,
internationalinternational
officialsofficial
involvedinvolve
inin
carryingcarry
outout
thethe
peacepeace
planplan
andand
membersmember
ofof
thethe
NATO-lednato-lead
peacepeace
Implementationimplementation
Forceforce
arebe
bannedban
fromfrom
havinghave
contactcontact
withwith
indictedindicted
warwar
criminalscriminal
.
NATOnato
troopstroop
havehave
thethe
authorityauthority
--
butbut
notnot
thethe
obligationobligation
--
toto
detaindetain
indictedindicted
warwar
criminalscriminal
andand
handhand
themthem
overover
toto
aa
warwar
crimescrime
tribunaltribunal
inin
Thethe
Haguehague
.
Inin
anotheranother
developmentdevelopment
,,
thousandsthousands
ofof
Serbsserbs
havehave
leftleave
aa
secondsecond
Sarajevosarajevo
suburbsuburb
beforebefore
thethe
transfertransfer
ofof
thethe
areaarea
toto
mainlymainly
Muslimmuslim
governmentgovernment
authoritiesauthority
.
Aboutabout
9090
Muslim-Croatmuslim-croat
federationfederation
policepolice
willwill
startstart
patrollingpatrol
thethe
Ilijasilijas
suburbsuburb
northnorth
ofof
thethe
citycity
earlyearly
Thursdaythursday
.
Fewfew
ofof
thethe
district'sdistrict
17,00017,000
residentsresident
willwill
stillstill
bebe
therethere
,,
howeverhowever
.
Thousandsthousands
ofof
Serbsserbs
havehave
fledflee
Serbian-heldserbian-hold
aroundaround
Sarajevosarajevo
inin
recentrecent
daysday
becausebecause
ofof
theirtheir
transfertransfer
toto
Muslimmuslim
controlcontrol
byby
Marchmarch
1919
underunder
thethe
peacepeace
accordsaccord
.
Alsoalso
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
aa
Britishbritish
soldiersoldier
servingserve
withwith
thethe
NATOnato
forceforce
dieddie
fromfrom
aa
gunshotgunshot
woundwound
,,
aa
militarymilitary
spokesmanspokesman
saidsay
.
Thethe
Defensedefense
Ministryministry
saidsay
inin
Londonlondon
thatthat
thethe
shootingshooting
appearedappear
toto
bebe
accidentalaccidental
.
Cubacuba
agreedagree
Wednesdaywednesday
toto
thethe
UNun
Securitysecurity
Council'scouncil
callcall
forfor
ana
internationalinternational
inquiryinquiry
intointo
thethe
downingdowning
ofof
twotwo
civiliancivilian
planesplane
,,
asas
thethe
U.S.u.s.
Congresscongress
andand
thethe
Whitewhite
Househouse
forgedforge
aa
dealdeal
toto
tightentighten
economiceconomic
sanctionssanction
againstagainst
Havanahavana
.
Thethe
Foreignforeign
Ministryministry
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
acceptaccept
aa
""
swiftswift
andand
impartialimpartial
""
investigationinvestigation
byby
thethe
Internationalinternational
Civilcivil
Aviationaviation
Organizationorganization
.
""
Whilewhile
thethe
OACIoaci
investigationinvestigation
isbe
partpart
ofof
thethe
U.S.u.s.
maneuvermaneuver
toto
taketake
thethe
incidentincident
toto
thethe
Securitysecurity
Councilcouncil
,,
wewe
dodo
notnot
fearfear
itit
,,
""
aa
ministryministry
statementstatement
saidsay
.
""
Onon
thethe
contrarycontrary
,,
""
itit
saidsay
,,
""
wewe
acceptaccept
itit
andand
demanddemand
itit
bebe
swiftswift
andand
impartialimpartial
,,
thatthat
itit
taketake
intointo
accountaccount
allall
thethe
pastpast
casescase
andand
thethe
circumstancescircumstance
ofof
thethe
bald-facedbald-faced
provocationsprovocation
wewe
havehave
enduredendure
withwith
thethe
repeatedrepeated
violationviolation
ofof
ourour
airspaceairspace
,,
andand
thethe
risksrisk
theythey
havehave
entailedentail
forfor
airair
traffictraffic
andand
ourour
countrycountry
""
.
Thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
maintainsmaintain
thatthat
thethe
planesplane
,,
flownfly
byby
thethe
Miami-basedmiami-based
anti-Castroanti-castro
groupgroup
Brothersbrother
toto
thethe
Rescuerescue
,,
werebe
overover
internationalinternational
waterswater
whenwhen
theythey
werebe
shotshoot
downdown
byby
Cubancuban
MiGsmigs
,,
whilewhile
Cubacuba
sayssay
theythey
werebe
inin
itsits
airspaceairspace
.
Inin
Washingtonwashington
,,
Congresscongress
andand
Presidentpresident
Billbill
Clintonclinton
agreedagree
Wednesdaywednesday
onon
newnew
sanctionssanction
thatthat
wouldwould
bridlebridle
foreignforeign
investmentinvestment
withwith
thethe
goalgoal
ofof
removingremove
Fidelfidel
Castrocastro
.
Thethe
Whitewhite
Househouse
,,
seekingseek
toto
avoidavoid
aa
vetoveto
,,
acceptedaccept
controversialcontroversial
languagelanguage
inin
aa
sanctionssanction
billbill
thatthat
willwill
allowallow
Cuban-Americanscuban-americans
andand
othersother
toto
filefile
suitsuit
inin
U.S.u.s.
courtscourt
againstagainst
personsperson
usinguse
theirtheir
formerformer
propertyproperty
thatthat
wasbe
expropriatedexpropriate
byby
thethe
Cubancuban
governmentgovernment
duringduring
thethe
threethree
andand
aa
halfhalf
decadesdecade
ofof
Mr.mr.
Castro'scastro
rulerule
.
Inin
aa
compromisecompromise
,,
thethe
presidentpresident
wouldwould
bebe
givengive
thethe
authorityauthority
toto
waivewaive
thatthat
rightright
toto
suesue
,,
butbut
forfor
nono
moremuch
thanthan
sixsix
monthsmonth
atat
aa
timetime
,,
whenwhen
thethe
nationalnational
interestinterest
isbe
involvedinvolve
.
Whitewhite
Househouse
officialsofficial
,,
concernedconcerned
thatthat
thethe
lawsuitlawsuit
provisionsprovision
couldcould
antagonizeantagonize
U.S.u.s.
alliesally
,,
hadhave
wrestledwrestle
withwith
Republicanrepublican
lawmakerslawmaker
onon
thethe
billbill
'shave
finalfinal
languagelanguage
.
""
Thethe
bill'sbill, 's
gotget
aa
lotlot
ofof
problemsproblem
thatthat
wewe
hopehope
cancan
bebe
fixedfix
,,
""
thethe
Whitewhite
Househouse
presspress
secretarysecretary
,,
Michaelmichael
McCurrymccurry
,,
saidsay
beforebefore
thethe
agreementagreement
wasbe
reachedreach
.
Hehe
saidsay
Presidentpresident
Clintonclinton
""
wantswant
toto
signsign
thatthat
billbill
nownow
inin
lightlight
ofof
thethe
incidentincident
Saturdaysaturday
""
.
Thethe
billbill
wasbe
movedmove
ontoonto
aa
fastfast
tracktrack
afterafter
thethe
planesplane
werebe
downeddown
.
Atat
thethe
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
,,
wherewhere
thethe
U.S.u.s.
delegatedelegate
,,
Madeleinemadeleine
K.k.
Albrightalbright
,,
pushedpush
throughthrough
aa
Securitysecurity
Councilcouncil
statementstatement
Tuesdaytuesday
stronglystrongly
deploringdeplore
destructiondestruction
ofof
thethe
aircraftaircraft
,,
Cubacuba
accusedaccuse
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
ofof
denyingdeny
itit
aa
forumforum
toto
defenddefend
itselfitself
.
Cuba'scuba
foreignforeign
ministerminister
,,
Robertoroberto
Robainarobaina
Gonzalezgonzalez
,,
askedask
thatthat
thethe
Generalgeneral
Assemblyassembly
,,
whichwhich
lackslack
thethe
council'scouncil
powerpower
toto
punishpunish
,,
meetmeet
toto
hearhear
hishis
sideside
ofof
thethe
storystory
.
Thethe
Generalgeneral
Assemblyassembly
isbe
sympatheticsympathetic
toto
Cubacuba
onon
thethe
issueissue
ofof
thethe
U.S.u.s.
embargoembargo
,,
andand
eacheach
yearyear
approvesapprove
aa
resolutionresolution
condemningcondemn
Washingtonwashington
.
Mr.mr.
Robainarobaina
repeatedrepeat
aa
chargecharge
thatthat
thethe
UNun
Securitysecurity
Councilcouncil
hadhave
rushedrush
intointo
aa
statementstatement
reactingreact
toto
Saturday'ssaturday
shootingshooting
withoutwithout
waitingwait
forfor
himhim
toto
arrivearrive
.
Thethe
presidentpresident
ofof
thethe
Generalgeneral
Assemblyassembly
consultedconsult
legallegal
advisersadviser
andand
thethe
Secretariatsecretariat
onon
whetherwhether
Cubacuba
wouldwould
bebe
ableable
toto
addressaddress
thethe
bodybody
onon
thethe
mattermatter
.
Havanahavana
alsoalso
vowedvow
toto
defenddefend
itsits
frontiersfrontier
asas
thethe
Cubancuban
exilesexile
announcedannounce
plansplan
forfor
newnew
airair
andand
seasea
foraysforay
towardtoward
thethe
islandisland
.
Cuba'scuba
defensedefense
ministerminister
,,
Raulraul
Castrocastro
,,
saidsay
thethe
governmentgovernment
wouldwould
dedicatededicate
""
maximummaximum
attentionattention
toto
defensedefense
whilewhile
imperialismimperialism
existedexisted
""
.
Cubancuban
TVtv
broadcastbroadcast
hishis
commentscomment
afterafter
aa
coalitioncoalition
ofof
Cubancuban
exileexile
groupsgroup
inin
Miamimiami
saidsay
theythey
wouldwould
sendsend
twotwo
planesplane
andand
aa
flotillaflotilla
ofof
boatsboat
toto
thethe
spotspot
wherewhere
thethe
twotwo
U.S.u.s.
planesplane
wentgo
downdown
.
Thethe
exileexile
coalitioncoalition
saidsay
thethe
missionsmission
wouldwould
bebe
inin
internationalinternational
waterswater
andand
airspaceairspace
.
Mr.mr.
Robainarobaina
warnedwarn
Wednesdaywednesday
atat
thethe
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
thatthat
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
wouldwould
bebe
responsibleresponsible
forfor
anyany
""
newnew
provocationsprovocation
andand
violationsviolation
""
ofof
hishis
country'scountry
airspaceairspace
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
aircraftaircraft
flyingfly
fromfrom
U.S.u.s.
territoryterritory
hadhave
violatedviolate
Cubancuban
airspaceairspace
2525
timestime
inin
thethe
pastpast
2020
monthsmonth
,,
inin
somesome
casescase
buzzingbuzz
Havanahavana
andand
droppingdrop
propagandapropaganda
leafletsleaflet
.
""
Wewe
diddo
notnot
havehave
anyany
otherother
choicechoice
butbut
toto
interruptinterrupt
thethe
flightflight
""
onon
Saturdaysaturday
,,
Mr.mr.
Robainarobaina
saidsay
.
""
Wewe
havehave
alwaysalways
beenbe
tootoo
patientpatient
,,
excessivelyexcessively
toleranttolerant
""
.
Aa
chartercharter
airlineairline
,,
Airlineairline
Brokersbroker
Co.co.
ofof
Miamimiami
,,
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
flyfly
thethe
estimatedestimated
5,0005,000
peopleperson
strandedstrand
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
Cubacuba
toto
thirdthird
countriescountry
.
Ana
estimatedestimated
3,0003,000
U.S.u.s.
citizenscitizen
oror
residentsresident
visitingvisit
Cubacuba
andand
2,0002,000
Cubancuban
nationalsnational
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
lostlose
theirtheir
ridesride
homehome
Mondaymonday
whenwhen
Presidentpresident
Clintonclinton
suspendedsuspend
directdirect
flightsflight
toto
andand
fromfrom
thethe
islandisland
.
Thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
hashave
askedask
Chinachina
toto
limitlimit
futurefuture
shipmentsshipment
ofof
nuclear-relatednuclear-related
technologytechnology
toto
Pakistanpakistan
,,
andand
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
inin
returnreturn
itit
couldcould
waivewaive
somesome
ofof
thethe
economiceconomic
sanctionssanction
nownow
beingbe
consideredconsider
toto
punishpunish
Beijingbeijing
forfor
makingmake
suchsuch
aa
shipmentshipment
lastlast
yearyear
,,
U.S.u.s.
officialsofficial
saysay
.
Thethe
governmentgovernment
alsoalso
hashave
askedask
thethe
Export-Importexport-import
Bankbank
toto
deferdefer
untiluntil
atat
leastleast
Marchmarch
2323
anyany
financingfinancing
forfor
U.S.u.s.
companiescompany
thatthat
wishwish
toto
exportexport
toto
Chinachina
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Thethe
aimaim
ofof
thethe
U.S.u.s.
proposalproposal
isbe
toto
findfind
aa
wayway
toto
avoidavoid
aa
directdirect
confrontationconfrontation
withwith
thethe
Chinesechinese
overover
recentrecent
evidenceevidence
thatthat
state-ownedstate-owned
companiescompany
arebe
aidingaid
Pakistan'spakistan
nuclearnuclear
bomb-buildingbomb-building
programprogram
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
.
Inin
particularparticular
,,
thethe
CIAcia
hashave
claimedclaim
thatthat
Chinachina
latelate
lastlast
yearyear
shippedship
specializedspecialized
magnetsmagnet
toto
aa
Pakistanipakistani
laboratorylaboratory
forfor
useuse
inin
equipmentequipment
thatthat
enrichesenrich
uraniumuranium
,,
aa
keykey
ingredientingredient
inin
nuclearnuclear
weaponsweapon
.
Pakistanpakistan
hashave
denieddeny
thethe
allegationallegation
,,
whilewhile
Chinachina
hashave
admittedadmit
nuclearnuclear
cooperationcooperation
butbut
insistedinsist
itit
wasbe
entirelyentirely
peacefulpeaceful
.
Althoughalthough
Statestate
Departmentdepartment
officialsofficial
havehave
saidsay
thethe
administrationadministration
hashave
notnot
yetyet
decideddecide
whetherwhether
thethe
CIAcia
reportreport
sufficientlysufficiently
showedshow
thatthat
Chinachina
hashave
violatedviolate
U.S.u.s.
lawslaw
punishablepunishable
byby
economiceconomic
sanctionssanction
,,
thethe
administrationadministration
hashave
alreadyalready
quietlyquietly
notifiednotify
Beijingbeijing
thatthat
thethe
evidenceevidence
wasbe
""
troublingtroubling
""
andand
thatthat
itsits
actionaction
diddo
appearappear
toto
violateviolate
thethe
lawslaw
.
Becausebecause
Chinachina
hashave
denieddeny
contributingcontribute
toto
Pakistan'spakistan
nuclearnuclear
programprogram
,,
""
wewe
havehave
nownow
gonego
backback
inin
aa
seriesseries
ofof
exchangesexchange
seekingseek
anythinganything
theythey
cancan
provideprovide
toto
supportsupport
theirtheir
sideside
ofof
thisthis
disputedispute
,,
""
aa
seniorsenior
officialofficial
saidsay
.
Butbut
anotheranother
officialofficial
describeddescribe
thisthis
consultationconsultation
somewhatsomewhat
differentlydifferently
,,
sayingsay
""
wewe
arebe
lookinglook
forfor
informationinformation
thatthat
wouldwould
helphelp
usus
toto
letlet
themthem
offoff
thethe
hookhook
,,
""
includinginclude
aa
promisepromise
thatthat
nono
suchsuch
nuclearnuclear
weapons-relatedweapons-related
transferstransfer
wouldwould
occuroccur
againagain
.
Oneone
aimaim
ofof
thisthis
accordaccord
wouldwould
bebe
toto
headhead
offoff
additionaladditional
shipmentsshipment
ofof
magnetsmagnet
,,
whichwhich
thethe
CIAcia
hashave
predictedpredict
maymay
occuroccur
thisthis
yearyear
.
Thethe
requestrequest
toto
deferdefer
Export-Importexport-import
Bankbank
financingfinancing
formallyformally
leavesleave
openopen
aa
U.S.u.s.
optionoption
ofof
haltinghalt
suchsuch
fundsfund
asas
aa
meansmean
ofof
punishingpunish
Chinachina
,,
althoughalthough
manymany
U.S.u.s.
officialsofficial
saysay
theythey
wouldwould
opposeoppose
suchsuch
actionaction
.
""
Wewe
arebe
engagedengage
throughthrough
diplomaticdiplomatic
channelschannel
withwith
thethe
Chinesechinese
toto
determinedetermine
thethe
factsfact
,,
""
saidsay
Peterpeter
Pappaspappas
,,
aa
Statestate
Departmentdepartment
spokesmanspokesman
.
Hehe
saidsay
thatthat
inin
lightlight
ofof
thisthis
,,
Secretarysecretary
ofof
Statestate
Warrenwarren
M.m.
Christopherchristopher
askedask
thethe
Export-Importexport-import
Bankbank
toto
holdhold
offoff
financingfinancing
forfor
3030
daysday
.
Thethe
bankbank
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
honorhonor
thatthat
requestrequest
.
Thethe
delaydelay
affectsaffect
aboutabout
$$
1010
billionbillion
worthworth
ofof
exportexport
creditscredit
thatthat
thethe
bankbank
hashave
beenbe
askedask
toto
approveapprove
.
Amongamong
thethe
projectsproject
beingbe
heldhold
upup
isbe
aa
Westinghousewestinghouse
Electricelectric
Corp.corp.
contractcontract
toto
sellsell
turbineturbine
componentscomponent
worthworth
$$
2323
millionmillion
toto
aa
Chinesechinese
nuclearnuclear
powerpower
plantplant
.
Alsoalso
delayeddelay
isbe
considerationconsideration
ofof
financingfinancing
forfor
thethe
salesale
ofof
constructionconstruction
equipmentequipment
toto
helphelp
buildbuild
thethe
controversialcontroversial
Threethree
Gorgesgorge
Damdam
inin
centralcentral
Chinachina
.
Thethe
19941994
Nonproliferationnonproliferation
Actact
,,
whichwhich
isbe
aimedaim
atat
deterringdeter
thethe
spreadspread
ofof
nuclearnuclear
weaponsweapon
technologytechnology
,,
barsbar
low-costlow-cost
loansloan
andand
loanloan
guaranteesguarantee
byby
thethe
Export-Importexport-import
Bankbank
toto
countriescountry
thatthat
aidaid
oror
abetabet
thethe
developmentdevelopment
ofof
nuclearnuclear
armsarm
.
Inin
aa
majormajor
policypolicy
shiftshift
beforebefore
talkstalk
resumeresume
withwith
Israelisrael
,,
ana
officialofficial
Syriansyrian
newspapernewspaper
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
condemnedcondemn
thethe
bombbomb
attacksattack
inin
Israelisrael
onon
Sundaysunday
.
Thethe
officialofficial
,,
English-languageenglish-language
dailydaily
Syriasyria
Timestime
referredrefer
toto
thethe
twotwo
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
byby
Islamicislamic
militantsmilitant
asas
ana
ordealordeal
,,
butbut
saidsay
theythey
shouldshould
serveserve
asas
aa
motivemotive
toto
Israeliisraeli
negotiatorsnegotiator
toto
acceptaccept
Syria'ssyria
demandsdemand
inin
thethe
talkstalk
,,
whichwhich
beganbegin
Wednesdaywednesday
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
""
Althoughalthough
thethe
incidentsincident
arebe
condemnedcondemn
,,
thesethese
bombingsbombing
andand
actsact
ofof
violenceviolence
,,
andand
thethe
ensuingensuing
closureclosure
ofof
thethe
occupiedoccupied
territoriesterritory
,,
mustmust
bebe
aa
lessonlesson
fromfrom
whichwhich
everybodyeverybody
shouldshould
knowknow
thatthat
realreal
peacepeace
isbe
thethe
onlyonly
wayway
toto
endend
tensiontension
andand
violenceviolence
,,
""
thethe
paperpaper
saidsay
.
Itit
reiteratedreiterate
Syria'ssyria
criticismcriticism
ofof
thethe
PLO-Israeliplo-israeli
peacepeace
dealdeal
andand
saidsay
Israeliisraeli
negotiatorsnegotiator
shouldshould
looklook
forfor
aa
differentdifferent
peacepeace
formulaformula
withwith
Damascusdamascus
.
""
Realreal
peacepeace
meansmean
thethe
returnreturn
ofof
landland
andand
rightsright
toto
theirtheir
indigenousindigenous
ownersowner
,,
""
thethe
paperpaper
saidsay
.
""
Thethe
Israeliisraeli
governmentgovernment
andand
itsits
negotiatorsnegotiator
atat
Marylandmaryland
shouldshould
understandunderstand
thatthat
retainingretain
thethe
landland
andand
gettingget
peacepeace
togethertogether
dodo
notnot
createcreate
peacepeace
""
.
Alsoalso
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
Vicevice
Presidentpresident
Hassanhassan
Habibihabibi
ofof
Iraniran
metmeet
radicalradical
Palestinianpalestinian
leadersleader
inin
Damascusdamascus
andand
voicedvoice
continuedcontinued
backingbacking
forfor
theirtheir
fightfight
againstagainst
Israelisrael
,,
aa
seniorsenior
Palestinianpalestinian
officialofficial
saidsay
.
Mahermaher
Tahertaher
,,
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
thethe
Popularpopular
Frontfront
forfor
thethe
Liberationliberation
ofof
Palestinepalestine
,,
saidsay
thatthat
leadersleader
ofof
Palestinianpalestinian
Islamicislamic
andand
Marxistmarxist
groupsgroup
hadhave
toldtell
Mr.mr.
Habibihabibi
theythey
wouldwould
presspress
onon
withwith
theirtheir
drivedrive
toto
wreckwreck
thethe
PLO-Israeliplo-israeli
peacepeace
dealdeal
.
Mr.mr.
Tahertaher
saidsay
thatthat
Ramadanramadan
Abdullahabdullah
,,
secretary-generalsecretary-general
ofof
thethe
Islamicislamic
Jihadjihad
movementmovement
,,
andand
Mousamousa
Alamialami
,,
aa
membermember
ofof
thethe
politburopolitburo
ofof
thethe
militantmilitant
Islamicislamic
groupgroup
Hamashamas
,,
werebe
atat
thethe
meetingmeeting
atat
thethe
Iranianiranian
Embassyembassy
.
Mr.mr.
Habibihabibi
arrivedarrive
Tuesdaytuesday
andand
hadhave
talkstalk
withwith
Presidentpresident
Hafezhafez
Assadassad
onon
bilateralbilateral
cooperationcooperation
andand
developmentsdevelopment
inin
Arab-Israeliarab-israeli
peacepeace
talkstalk
,,
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Syria'ssyria
peacepeace
talkstalk
withwith
Israelisrael
openedopen
moremuch
thanthan
fourfour
yearsyear
agoago
andand
arebe
stalledstall
overover
thethe
fatefate
ofof
thethe
Golangolan
Heightsheight
,,
capturedcapture
byby
Israelisrael
inin
19671967
,,
securitysecurity
arrangementsarrangement
andand
futurefuture
tiestie
.
Beijingbeijing
officialofficial
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
denieddeny
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
aa
disputedispute
overover
aa
19971997
worldworld
conferenceconference
ofof
Lutheranslutheran
inin
thethe
territoryterritory
constitutedconstitute
Chinesechinese
interferenceinterference
inin
Honghong
Kong'skong
promisedpromised
freedomfreedom
ofof
religionreligion
.
Criticismcriticism
hashave
mountedmount
inin
thethe
Britishbritish
colonycolony
onon
thethe
mattermatter
,,
sayingsay
itit
raisedraise
fearsfear
aboutabout
religiousreligious
andand
otherother
freedomsfreedom
underunder
Beijingbeijing
.
Thethe
Lutheranlutheran
Churchchurch
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
saidsay
Chinesechinese
officialsofficial
hadhave
urgedurge
itit
toto
postponepostpone
thethe
conferenceconference
,,
duedue
toto
taketake
placeplace
oneone
weekweek
afterafter
thethe
Britishbritish
colonycolony
isbe
handedhand
backback
toto
Chinachina
onon
Junejune
3030
,,
19971997
,,
onon
thethe
groundground
thatthat
itit
wasbe
ill-timedill-timed
.
Thethe
warningwarning
aggravatedaggravate
fearsfear
aboutabout
thethe
futurefuture
ofof
humanhuman
rightsright
forfor
Honghong
Kongkong
peopleperson
.
Aa
seniorsenior
Chinesechinese
officialofficial
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
denieddeny
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
religiousreligious
freedomsfreedom
werebe
atat
issueissue
.
""
Thisthis
mattermatter
hashave
nothingnothing
toto
dodo
withwith
freedomfreedom
ofof
religionreligion
,,
""
saidsay
Zhangzhang
Junshenjunshen
,,
aa
deputydeputy
directordirector
ofof
thethe
Xinhuaxinhua
presspress
agencyagency
,,
Beijing'sbeijing
dede
factofacto
embassyembassy
inin
thethe
Britishbritish
colonycolony
.
""
Afterafter
thethe
handoverhandover
,,
Honghong
Kong'skong
freedomfreedom
ofof
religionreligion
isbe
guaranteedguarantee
byby
lawlaw
.
Afterafter
19971997
,,
anyany
religiousreligious
activityactivity
,,
asas
longlong
asas
itit
doesdo
n'tnot
contravenecontravene
Honghong
Kong'skong
lawslaw
,,
isbe
entirelyentirely
freefree
ofof
interferenceinterference
underunder
thethe
Basicbasic
Lawlaw
""
.
Aa
judgejudge
hashave
ruledrule
thatthat
Lufthansalufthansa
putput
aa
passenger'spassenger
lifelife
inin
jeopardyjeopardy
byby
continuingcontinue
onon
aa
trans-Atlantictrans-atlantic
flightflight
afterafter
hehe
beganbegin
havinghave
aa
heartheart
attackattack
.
Thethe
Germangerman
airlineairline
wasbe
orderedorder
toto
paypay
$$
2.72.7
millionmillion
inin
damagesdamage
toto
Leonardleonard
Kryskrys
,,
whowho
survivedsurvive
thethe
heartheart
attackattack
butbut
hashave
permanentpermanent
damagedamage
toto
hishis
heartheart
.
Thethe
judgejudge
ruledrule
thatthat
thethe
lifelife
expectancyexpectancy
ofof
Mr.mr.
Kryskrys
,,
4747
,,
hadhave
beenbe
significantlysignificantly
reducedreduce
duedue
toto
Lufthansa'slufthansa
negligencenegligence
.
Thethe
airlineairline
isbe
appealingappeal
andand
refusedrefuse
commentcomment
.
Mr.mr.
Kryskrys
appearedappear
healthyhealthy
whenwhen
hehe
leftleave
Miamimiami
forfor
aa
businessbusiness
triptrip
toto
Frankfurtfrankfurt
onon
Nov.nov.
3030
,,
19911991
,,
saidsay
hishis
attorneyattorney
,,
Todtod
Aronovitzaronovitz
.
Aboutabout
11
1/21/2
hourshour
laterlate
,,
offoff
thethe
coastcoast
ofof
Georgiageorgia
,,
Mr.mr.
Kryskrys
beganbegin
havinghave
chestchest
painpain
andand
sweatingsweat
profuselyprofusely
andand
hishis
skinskin
turnedturn
ashen-grayashen-gray
.
""
Theythey
couldcould
havehave
landedland
anywhereanywhere
fromfrom
Atlantaatlanta
,,
upup
thethe
Easteast
Coastcoast
,,
allall
thethe
wayway
toto
Gandergander
,,
Newfoundlandnewfoundland
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Aronovitzaronovitz
saidsay
.
Thethe
flightflight
continuedcontinue
forfor
88
1/21/2
hourshour
toto
Frankfurtfrankfurt
,,
wherewhere
Mr.mr.
Kryskrys
wasbe
rushedrush
toto
aa
hospitalhospital
.
Thousandsthousands
ofof
Serbsserbs
havehave
leftleave
aa
secondsecond
Sarajevosarajevo
suburbsuburb
beforebefore
thethe
transfertransfer
ofof
thethe
areaarea
toto
mainly-Muslimmainly-muslim
governmentgovernment
authoritiesauthority
,,
Agenceagence
France-Pressefrance-presse
reportedreport
Wednesdaywednesday
fromfrom
Sarajevosarajevo
.
Aboutabout
9090
Muslim-Croatmuslim-croat
federationfederation
policepolice
willwill
startstart
patrollingpatrol
thethe
Ilijasilijas
suburbsuburb
northnorth
ofof
thethe
citycity
earlyearly
Thursdaythursday
.
Fewfew
ofof
thethe
district'sdistrict
17,00017,000
residentsresident
willwill
stillstill
bebe
therethere
,,
howeverhowever
.
Thousandsthousands
ofof
Serbsserbs
havehave
fledflee
Serbian-heldserbian-hold
aroundaround
Sarajevosarajevo
inin
recentrecent
daysday
becausebecause
ofof
theirtheir
transfertransfer
toto
Muslimmuslim
controlcontrol
byby
Marchmarch
1919
underunder
thethe
peacepeace
accordsaccord
.
Serbianserbian
leadersleader
havehave
beenbe
accusedaccuse
ofof
encouragingencourage
thethe
exodusexodus
byby
playingplay
onon
Serbianserbian
fearsfear
ofof
reprisalsreprisal
byby
thethe
Muslimmuslim
authoritiesauthority
.
Thethe
Serbianserbian
leadersleader
wantwant
thethe
Serbsserbs
toto
movemove
toto
areasarea
inin
easterneastern
andand
northernnorthern
Bosniabosnia
underunder
theirtheir
controlcontrol
.
Inin
Vogoscavogosca
,,
aa
suburbsuburb
thatthat
camecome
underunder
governmentgovernment
controlcontrol
Fridayfriday
,,
tensionstension
mountedmount
betweenbetween
returningreturn
Muslimmuslim
refugeesrefugee
andand
Serbsserbs
whowho
stayedstay
behindbehind
,,
accordingaccord
toto
Alexanderalexander
Ivankoivanko
,,
thethe
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
ana
internationalinternational
policepolice
unitunit
thatthat
isbe
supportingsupport
thethe
federationfederation
forceforce
.
Hehe
saidsay
thethe
policepolice
hadhave
receivedreceive
reportsreport
thatthat
""
refugeesrefugee
returningreturn
toto
Vogoscavogosca
,,
mostlymostly
Muslimsmuslim
,,
arebe
sometimessometimes
harassingharass
locallocal
Serbsserbs
,,
eveneven
threateningthreaten
themthem
verballyverbally
""
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
thatthat
rocketsrocket
andand
otherother
weaponsweapon
hadhave
beenbe
foundfind
inin
houseshouse
vacatedvacate
byby
Serbsserbs
,,
andand
thatthat
somesome
ofof
thethe
houseshouse
hadhave
beenbe
booby-trappedbooby-trapped
.
Thethe
armedarmed
terroriststerrorist
ofof
Hamashamas
andand
Islamicislamic
Jihadjihad
numbernumber
onlyonly
aa
fewfew
hundredhundred
atat
mostmost
.
Butbut
theythey
havehave
killedkill
moremuch
thanthan
100100
Israelisisraeli
inin
suicidesuicide
bombingbombing
attacksattack
sincesince
Israelisrael
andand
thethe
Palestinepalestine
Liberationliberation
Organizationorganization
reachedreach
theirtheir
historichistoric
peacepeace
agreementagreement
twotwo
andand
aa
halfhalf
yearsyear
agoago
.
Onon
Sundaysunday
,,
Hamashamas
struckstrike
againagain
,,
settingset
offoff
twotwo
nail-studdednail-studded
pipepipe
bombsbomb
thatthat
killedkill
2727
peopleperson
,,
injuredinjure
7777
andand
brokebreak
ana
undeclaredundeclared
six-monthsix-month
trucetruce
.
Thethe
purposepurpose
ofof
thesethese
terroristterrorist
actsact
isbe
notnot
justjust
toto
killkill
peopleperson
butbut
alsoalso
toto
destroydestroy
thethe
peacepeace
agreementagreement
.
Itit
isbe
aa
creditcredit
toto
thethe
fortitudefortitude
ofof
thethe
majoritymajority
ofof
Israelisisraeli
andand
Palestinianspalestinian
thatthat
thethe
peacepeace
planplan
,,
soso
farfar
,,
remainsremain
intactintact
.
Despitedespite
thethe
violenceviolence
,,
talkstalk
onon
thethe
mostmuch
sensitivesensitive
issuesissue
,,
includinginclude
Jerusalemjerusalem
,,
Jewishjewish
settlementssettlement
andand
potentialpotential
Palestinianpalestinian
statehoodstatehood
,,
scheduledschedule
toto
beginbegin
inin
Maymay
,,
mustmust
gogo
forwardforward
,,
pausingpause
onlyonly
forfor
thethe
currentcurrent
Israeliisraeli
electionelection
campaigncampaign
.
Thethe
bordersborder
dividingdivide
Israelisrael
fromfrom
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
,,
sealedseal
onceonce
againagain
afterafter
thethe
bombingsbombing
,,
shouldshould
bebe
reopenedreopen
onceonce
passionspassion
havehave
calmedcalm
,,
ratherrather
thanthan
keptkeep
closedclose
throughthrough
thethe
endend
ofof
Maymay
asas
somesome
Israelisisraeli
nownow
proposepropose
.
Politicalpolitical
leadersleader
onon
bothboth
sidesside
havehave
beenbe
admirablyadmirably
steadfaststeadfast
inin
theirtheir
pledgespledge
toto
resistresist
terrorismterrorism
andand
itsits
aimsaim
.
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Shimonshimon
Peresperes
hashave
vowedvow
toto
pursuepursue
negotiationsnegotiation
eveneven
asas
hehe
pursuespursue
thethe
killerskiller
.
Benjaminbenjamin
Netanyahunetanyahu
,,
Mr.mr.
Peres'speres
mainmain
challengerchallenger
inin
thethe
Maymay
electionselection
,,
wiselywisely
pledgedpledge
thatthat
hishis
partyparty
wouldwould
standstand
withwith
thethe
governmentgovernment
inin
thethe
battlebattle
againstagainst
terrorterror
.
Yasseryasser
Arafatarafat
,,
strengthenedstrengthen
byby
thethe
electoralelectoral
mandatemandate
hehe
receivedreceive
lastlast
monthmonth
,,
promptlypromptly
andand
unambiguouslyunambiguously
condemnedcondemn
thethe
bombbomb
attacksattack
asas
havinghave
nono
legitimatelegitimate
connectionconnection
toto
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
causecause
.
Butbut
deedsdeed
asas
wellwell
asas
wordsword
willwill
bebe
neededneed
.
Althoughalthough
Sunday'ssunday
bombersbomber
appearappear
toto
havehave
beenbe
basedbase
inin
Israeli-occupiedisraeli-occupied
Hebronhebron
,,
Israelisrael
andand
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
havehave
presentedpresent
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
withwith
aa
listlist
ofof
1010
leadersleader
ofof
Hamas'shamas
militarymilitary
wingwing
basedbase
inin
Palestinian-administeredpalestinian-administered
areasarea
ofof
Gazagaza
andand
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
.
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
hashave
roundedround
upup
moremore
thanthan
100100
Islamicislamic
activistsactivist
,,
butbut
hashave
failedfail
toto
arrestarrest
thosethose
identifiedidentify
byby
Americanamerican
andand
Israeliisraeli
authoritiesauthority
.
Israel'sisrael
transfertransfer
ofof
controlcontrol
ofof
majormajor
Westwest
Bankbank
citiescity
toto
Palestinianpalestinian
handshand
startingstart
latelate
lastlast
yearyear
greatlygreatly
increasedincrease
thethe
prestigeprestige
ofof
thethe
PLOplo
andand
itsits
strategystrategy
ofof
negotiationsnegotiation
.
Eveneven
Hamashamas
suspendedsuspend
itsits
bombingbombing
campaigncampaign
inin
Augustaugust
,,
althoughalthough
itit
nevernever
renouncedrenounce
thethe
sterilesterile
strategystrategy
ofof
violenceviolence
.
Nownow
itit
hashave
returnedreturn
toto
thethe
politicspolitics
ofof
murdermurder
,,
apparentlyapparently
inin
revengerevenge
forfor
thethe
killingkilling
lastlast
monthmonth
ofof
Yahyayahya
Ayyashayyash
,,
aa
terroristterrorist
bombbomb
engineerengineer
,,
generallygenerally
believedbelieve
toto
havehave
beenbe
carriedcarry
outout
byby
Israeliisraeli
agentsagent
.
Itit
isbe
alwaysalways
easyeasy
toto
inventinvent
excusesexcuse
forfor
violenceviolence
.
Whatwhat
isbe
muchmuch
toughertough
isbe
toto
perseverepersevere
inin
deliveringdeliver
thethe
peacepeace
thethe
majoritymajority
ofof
Israelisisraeli
andand
Palestinianspalestinian
wantwant
.
Thatthat
willwill
requirerequire
continuedcontinued
steadinesssteadiness
fromfrom
politicalpolitical
leadersleader
onon
bothboth
sidesside
andand
ana
unflinchingunflinching
resolveresolve
toto
findfind
andand
arrestarrest
thethe
terroristterrorist
leadersleader
.
Eightyeighty
yearsyear
agoago
thisthis
weekweek
,,
youngyoung
menman
werebe
beingbe
mownmown
downdown
likelike
grassgrass
inin
thethe
fieldsfield
aroundaround
Verdunverdun
,,
inin
aa
battlebattle
thatthat
killedkill
aa
quarterquarter
ofof
aa
millionmillion
Frenchfrench
andand
Germangerman
soldierssoldier
toto
virtuallyvirtually
nono
militarymilitary
effecteffect
.
Nextnext
Julyjuly
11
itit
willwill
bebe
8080
yearsyear
sincesince
thethe
startstart
ofof
thethe
battlebattle
ofof
thethe
Sommesomme
,,
whichwhich
killedkill
400,000400,000
youngyoung
Britonsbriton
,,
Germansgerman
andand
Frenchmenfrenchman
((
20,00020,000
fromfrom
mymy
countrycountry
onon
thethe
firstfirst
dayday
alonealone
))
forfor
thethe
sakesake
ofof
aa
sliceslice
ofof
landland
aboutabout
thethe
sizesize
ofof
Paris'sparis
Leftleft
Bankbank
.
Ifif
youyou
wonderwonder
whywhy
thethe
Europeeurope
ofof
19961996
stumblesstumble
aroundaround
thethe
worldworld
inin
aa
dazedaze
,,
thinkthink
backback
toto
thethe
blood-drenchedblood-drenched
mudmud
ofof
19161916
;;
rememberremember
howhow
thatthat
firstfirst
greatgreat
warwar
ledlead
toto
Hitlerhitler
andand
ana
eveneven
greatergreat
warwar
onlyonly
2323
yearsyear
laterlate
,,
andand
understandunderstand
thatthat
Europeeurope
isbe
aa
placeplace
mademake
smallersmall
byby
whatwhat
itit
hashave
donedo
toto
itselfitself
inin
thethe
20th20th
centurycentury
.
Thethe
diminutiondiminution
ofof
Europeeurope
willwill
onceonce
moremuch
bebe
onon
displaydisplay
thisthis
Fridayfriday
andand
Saturdaysaturday
,,
whenwhen
mostmost
ofof
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Union'sunion
leadersleader
gogo
toto
Bangkokbangkok
toto
meetmeet
theirtheir
Asianasian
counterpartscounterpart
.
Thethe
occasionoccasion
isbe
beingbe
grandlygrandly
calledcall
aa
councilcouncil
ofof
thethe
continentscontinent
.
Itit
isbe
,,
alasalas
,,
nothingnothing
ofof
thethe
sortsort
,,
becausebecause
thethe
Europeeurope
onon
showshow
inin
Bangkokbangkok
isbe
nono
wielderwielder
ofof
realreal
powerpower
.
Althoughalthough
Europe'seurope
tradetrade
withwith
Asiaasia
isbe
growinggrow
fasterfast
thanthan
America'samerica
,,
thethe
Europeanseuropean
inin
Bangkokbangkok
willwill
havehave
littlelittle
toto
saysay
aboutabout
otherother
thingsthing
thatthat
mattermatter
moremuch
thanthan
tradetrade
.
Itit
isbe
Americaamerica
,,
notnot
Europeeurope
,,
thatthat
isbe
tryingtry
toto
managemanage
thethe
potentiallypotentially
explosiveexplosive
confrontationsconfrontation
inin
Koreakorea
andand
thethe
Taiwantaiwan
Straitstrait
.
Itit
isbe
Americaamerica
,,
notnot
Europeeurope
,,
thatthat
hashave
beenbe
burdenedburden
withwith
thethe
jobjob
ofof
tryingtry
toto
constructconstruct
aa
networknetwork
ofof
Asianasian
institutionsinstitution
thatthat
mightmight
controlcontrol
thethe
powerpower
ofof
21st-century21st-century
Chinachina
.
Toto
aa
visitorvisitor
comingcome
toto
Europeeurope
fromfrom
Washingtonwashington
oror
Tokyotokyo
,,
thethe
foreignforeign
policypolicy
horizonhorizon
ofof
mostmost
Europeaneuropean
politicianspolitician
remainsremain
astonishinglyastonishingly
narrownarrow
.
Itit
isbe
notnot
justjust
Easteast
Asiaasia
thatthat
lieslie
outsideoutside
theirtheir
rangerange
ofof
visionvision
.
Thethe
dangerdanger
zonezone
inin
centralcentral
Asiaasia
,,
wherewhere
Russiarussia
meetsmeet
thethe
Muslimmuslim
worldworld
,,
isbe
stillstill
terraterra
incognitaincognita
toto
themthem
.
Theythey
dodo
notnot
paypay
enoughenough
attentionattention
toto
thethe
perilsperil
ofof
thethe
rivalryrivalry
betweenbetween
Indiaindia
andand
Pakistanpakistan
.
Closerclose
toto
homehome
,,
thethe
landland
toto
theirtheir
easteast
isbe
aa
blurblur
::
.
Theythey
havehave
beenbe
lamentablylamentably
slowslow
toto
openopen
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
toto
thethe
newnew
democraciesdemocracy
ofof
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
,,
andand
theythey
arebe
eveneven
moremuch
reluctantreluctant
thanthan
Billbill
Clintonclinton
toto
workwork
outout
whatwhat
theythey
willwill
dodo
ifif
byby
Julyjuly
therethere
isbe
aa
Presidentpresident
Zyuganovzyuganov
andand
aa
Communistcommunist
ascendancyascendancy
inin
Moscowmoscow
.
Eveneven
onon
itsits
ownown
doorstepdoorstep
,,
Europeeurope
stillstill
leavesleave
muchmuch
ofof
thethe
door-mindingdoor-minding
toto
othersother
.
Richardrichard
C.c.
Holbrookeholbrooke
wasbe
aa
cholericcholeric
fellowfellow
,,
butbut
mostmost
Europeanseuropean
acknowledgeacknowledge
thatthat
thisthis
Americanamerican
envoyenvoy
wasbe
rightright
whenwhen
hehe
saidsay
thatthat
theirtheir
governmentsgovernment
sleptsleep
throughthrough
thethe
recentrecent
islandisland
rowrow
betweenbetween
Greecegreece
andand
Turkeyturkey
.
Byby
nownow
,,
mostmost
ofof
themthem
nodnod
glumlyglumly
whenwhen
accusedaccuse
ofof
havinghave
missedmiss
thethe
mainmain
pointpoint
aboutabout
thethe
disasterdisaster
inin
thethe
formerformer
Yugoslaviayugoslavia
,,
whichwhich
wasbe
thatthat
therethere
cancan
nevernever
bebe
suchsuch
aa
thingthing
asas
""
neutralneutral
interventionintervention
""
inin
aa
conflictconflict
likelike
thisthis
.
Whywhy
isbe
itit
thatthat
thethe
countriescountry
ofof
aa
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
thatthat
hashave
moremore
peopleperson
andand
moremore
moneymoney
thanthan
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
cancan
notnot
behavebehave
likelike
aa
powerpower
inin
thethe
worldworld
??
.
Ignoreignore
thethe
answeranswer
givengive
byby
thethe
enthusiastsenthusiast
forfor
aa
federalfederal
Europeeurope
.
Allall
wewe
needneed
,,
saysay
thesethese
peopleperson
,,
isbe
bettergood
machinerymachinery
.
Givegive
usus
ana
agendaagenda
ofof
whatwhat
Europeeurope
shouldshould
bebe
doingdo
,,
moremore
majoritymajority
votingvoting
inin
thethe
relevantrelevant
committeescommittee
,,
andand
someonesomeone
likelike
Valryvalry
Giscardgiscard
d'Estaingd'estaing
toto
speakspeak
asas
""
Europe'seurope
foreignforeign
ministerminister
""
andand
youyou
willwill
seesee
Europeeurope
walkingwalk
talltall
againagain
.
Nono
,,
youyou
willwill
notnot
,,
asas
thethe
pastpast
fewfew
yearsyear
havehave
allall
tootoo
dismallydismally
shownshow
.
Thethe
machinerymachinery
willwill
notnot
movemove
unlessunless
itit
isbe
drivendrive
byby
aa
commoncommon
willwill
.
Aa
commoncommon
willwill
requiresrequire
thethe
peoplespeople
ofof
Europeeurope
--
Frenchfrench
,,
Germangerman
,,
Britishbritish
,,
Italianitalian
,,
Spanishspanish
--
toto
seesee
thethe
worldworld
inin
roughlyroughly
thethe
samesame
wayway
.
Thisthis
meansmean
thatthat
theythey
havehave
toto
wantwant
thethe
samesame
solutionssolution
toto
thethe
samesame
problemsproblem
,,
andand
bebe
equallyequally
willingwilling
toto
putput
theirtheir
moneymoney
andand
theirtheir
soldierssoldier
behindbehind
thethe
pursuitpursuit
ofof
thosethose
solutionssolution
.
Theythey
mustmust
feelfeel
thatthat
Europeeurope
isbe
oneone
pairpair
ofof
eyeseye
,,
oneone
pairpair
ofof
handshand
.
Butbut
thisthis
isbe
notnot
howhow
thethe
peoplesperson
ofof
Europeeurope
feelfeel
.
Inin
19901990
,,
Britainbritain
andand
Francefrance
decideddecide
toto
sendsend
theirtheir
soldierssoldier
toto
fightfight
Saddamsaddam
Husseinhussein
,,
butbut
Germanygermany
wouldwould
notnot
joinjoin
themthem
.
Inin
19911991
,,
thethe
Germansgerman
wantedwant
toto
telltell
Serbiaserbia
thatthat
itit
shouldshould
acceptaccept
thethe
breakupbreakup
ofof
Yugoslaviayugoslavia
,,
butbut
Francefrance
andand
mostmost
ofof
thethe
othersother
demurreddemur
.
Inin
19921992
,,
thethe
Frenchfrench
decideddecide
toto
backback
thethe
juntajunta
inin
Algeriaalgeria
thatthat
canceledcancel
aa
freefree
electionelection
,,
butbut
thethe
restrest
ofof
Europeeurope
thoughtthink
thisthis
wasbe
follyfolly
.
Andand
soso
onon
.
Whowho
wasbe
rightright
andand
whowho
wasbe
wrongwrong
inin
eacheach
casecase
mattersmatter
lessless
thanthan
thatthat
,,
inin
allall
ofof
thesethese
decisionsdecision
,,
somesome
Europeanseuropean
saidsay
""
yesyes
""
butbut
othersother
saidsay
""
nono
""
.
Thethe
differentdifferent
peoplespeople
ofof
Europeeurope
cancan
agreeagree
toto
actact
togethertogether
onlyonly
inin
relativelyrelatively
smallsmall
thingsthing
wherewhere
theirtheir
judgmentsjudgment
,,
theirtheir
emotionsemotion
andand
theirtheir
interestsinterest
dodo
notnot
divergediverge
.
Inin
thethe
bigbig
thingsthing
,,
theythey
dodo
divergediverge
.
Thisthis
isbe
whywhy
thethe
proposedproposed
machinerymachinery
ofof
aa
one-Europeone-europe
foreignforeign
policypolicy
stillstill
lieslie
inertinert
.
Byby
19961996
,,
mostmost
Europeanseuropean
cancan
seesee
thisthis
.
Butbut
theythey
alsoalso
needneed
toto
seesee
,,
onon
thethe
80th80th
anniversaryanniversary
ofof
thethe
yearyear
whenwhen
Worldworld
Warwar
Ii
reachedreach
itsits
fullfull
horrorhorror
,,
whywhy
thethe
causescause
ofof
Europe'seurope
weaknessweakness
lielie
eveneven
deeperdeep
thanthan
thisthis
.
Thesethese
8080
yearsyear
havehave
inflictedinflict
onon
Europeeurope
aa
seriesseries
ofof
injuriesinjury
thatthat
,,
eveneven
ifif
itit
werebe
oneone
Europeeurope
,,
wouldwould
leaveleave
itit
inin
thethe
categorycategory
ofof
thethe
walkingwalking
woundedwounded
.
Quitequite
apartapart
fromfrom
thethe
bloodblood
andand
wealthwealth
expendedexpend
inin
1914-19181914-1918
andand
1939-19451939-1945
,,
everyevery
majormajor
Europeaneuropean
countrycountry
exceptexcept
Britainbritain
hashave
inin
thesethese
yearsyear
gonego
throughthrough
eithereither
thethe
humiliationhumiliation
ofof
defeatdefeat
inin
internationalinternational
warwar
oror
thethe
self-lacerationself-laceration
ofof
civilcivil
warwar
.
Britainbritain
andand
Francefrance
havehave
lostlose
greatgreat
empiresempire
,,
severalseveral
otherother
countriescountry
smallersmall
onesone
.
Italyitaly
andand
Spainspain
livelive
withwith
thethe
memorymemory
ofof
Mussolinimussolini
andand
Francofranco
;;
thethe
Germangerman
conscienceconscience
isbe
stillstill
tryingtry
toto
digestdigest
thethe
farfar
greatergreat
enormityenormity
ofof
Hitlerhitler
.
Andand
toto
allall
thesethese
tribulationstribulation
ofof
separateseparate
Europeaneuropean
countriescountry
hashave
toto
bebe
addedadd
thethe
collectivecollective
painpain
ofof
Europe'seurope
demotiondemotion
fromfrom
thethe
firstfirst
divisiondivision
ofof
thethe
worldworld
powerpower
leagueleague
.
Beforebefore
19141914
,,
Europeeurope
wasbe
thethe
centercenter
ofof
thethe
worldworld
::
fromfrom
herehere
ranrun
thethe
reinsreins
ofof
empireempire
,,
thethe
riversriver
ofof
investmentinvestment
,,
thethe
definitiondefinition
ofof
whatwhat
itit
meantmean
toto
bebe
modernmodern
.
Eveneven
inin
19391939
,,
thoughthough
poorerpoor
andand
warierwary
,,
Europeeurope
couldcould
stillstill
looklook
anyany
otherother
partpart
ofof
thethe
worldworld
inin
thethe
eyeeye
.
Afterafter
Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
,,
andand
thenthen
thethe
Coldcold
Warwar
,,
itit
hashave
toto
faceface
thethe
realityreality
ofof
itsits
shrunkenshrunken
conditioncondition
.
Whenwhen
thethe
wordword
""
superpowersuperpower
""
wasbe
inventedinvent
,,
itit
designedlydesignedly
diddo
notnot
applyapply
toto
Europeeurope
.
Thethe
oldold
gentlemangentleman
,,
youyou
mightmight
saysay
,,
remainsremain
inin
aa
statestate
ofof
shockshock
.
Thinkthink
ofof
thethe
self-assuranceself-assurance
withwith
whichwhich
thethe
columnscolumn
ofof
doomeddoomed
youthyouth
fromfrom
Germanygermany
,,
Francefrance
andand
Britainbritain
marchedmarch
upup
toto
thethe
trenchestrench
inin
19161916
.
Comparecompare
thatthat
withwith
thethe
hesitanthesitant
diffidencediffidence
ofof
Germanygermany
,,
Britainbritain
andand
,,
yesyes
,,
eveneven
Francefrance
inin
19961996
.
Itit
takestake
aa
longlong
timetime
forfor
aa
woundedwounded
continentcontinent
toto
recoverrecover
fromfrom
aa
centurycentury
likelike
thisthis
.
Itit
hashave
becomebecome
aa
commonplacecommonplace
toto
saysay
aboutabout
Louislouis
Farrakhanfarrakhan
,,
thethe
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
blackblack
Americanamerican
separatistseparatist
groupgroup
Nationnation
ofof
Islamislam
,,
thatthat
hehe
likeslike
toto
makemake
""
provocativeprovocative
""
statementsstatement
,,
whichwhich
,,
itit
isbe
impliedimply
,,
drawdraw
attentionattention
toto
butbut
cancan
somehowsomehow
bebe
detacheddetach
fromfrom
thethe
restrest
ofof
hishis
programprogram
.
Anotheranother
wayway
toto
putput
itit
wouldwould
bebe
toto
saysay
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Farrakhan'sfarrakhan
""
provocativeprovocative
""
statementsstatement
inin
factfact
provokeprovoke
peopleperson
;;
thatthat
isbe
toto
saysay
,,
theythey
makemake
themthem
angryangry
,,
andand
thisthis
angeranger
isbe
oftenoften
entirelyentirely
justifiedjustify
.
Taketake
,,
forfor
instanceinstance
,,
thethe
statementsstatement
Mr.mr.
Farrakhanfarrakhan
hashave
beenbe
makingmake
thisthis
monthmonth
inin
thethe
coursecourse
ofof
aa
tourtour
ofof
1818
Middlemiddle
Easterneastern
andand
Africanafrican
countriescountry
.
Mr.mr.
Farrakhanfarrakhan
hashave
metmeet
withwith
andand
lavishlylavishly
praisedpraise
thethe
leadersleader
ofof
,,
amongamong
otherother
placesplace
,,
Libyalibya
,,
Iraqiraq
,,
Iraniran
,,
Sudansudan
andand
Nigerianigeria
,,
andand
,,
asas
aa
Statestate
Departmentdepartment
officialofficial
putput
itit
,,
""
cavortedcavort
withwith
dictatorsdictator
""
whowho
""
havehave
thethe
bloodblood
ofof
Americanamerican
citizenscitizen
onon
theirtheir
handshands
""
.
Inin
Iraniran
,,
atat
aa
rallyrally
commemoratingcommemorate
thethe
anniversaryanniversary
ofof
thethe
Iranianiranian
revolutionrevolution
,,
hehe
satsit
onon
thethe
daisdais
nextnext
toto
Presidentpresident
Hashemihashemi
Rafsanjanirafsanjani
inin
aa
placeplace
ofof
honorhonor
andand
pledgedpledge
thatthat
hishis
movementmovement
""
willwill
utilizeutilize
Americanamerican
Muslimmuslim
unityunity
asas
aa
leverlever
ofof
pressurepressure
againstagainst
thethe
Unitedunited
States'states
arrogantarrogant
policiespolicies
""
.
Inin
Libyalibya
,,
aa
countrycountry
thethe
Statestate
Departmentdepartment
suspectssuspect
ofof
involvementinvolvement
inin
thethe
downingdowning
ofof
thethe
Panpan
Amam
103103
flightflight
inin
whichwhich
270270
peopleperson
dieddie
,,
hehe
praisedpraise
Colonelcolonel
Moammarmoammar
Gadhafigadhafi
,,
whowho
pledgedpledge
toto
givegive
Mr.mr.
Farrakhanfarrakhan
$$
11
billionbillion
..
..
Inin
Sudansudan
,,
fromfrom
whichwhich
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
recentlyrecently
withdrewwithdraw
embassyembassy
staffstaff
andand
declareddeclare
aa
sponsorsponsor
ofof
terrorismterrorism
,,
hehe
praisedpraise
thethe
""
wisewise
Islamicislamic
leadershipleadership
""
.
Inin
Nigerianigeria
,,
hehe
drewdraw
favorablefavorable
comparisonscomparison
betweenbetween
thethe
hanginghanging
earlierearlier
thisthis
winterwinter
ofof
thethe
humanhuman
rightsright
advocateadvocate
Kenken
Saro-Wiwasaro-wiwa
andand
justicejustice
inin
Westernwestern
nationsnation
,,
tellingtell
thethe
Nigeriannigerian
foreignforeign
ministerminister
::
.
""
Theythey
saysay
youyou
hangedhang
oneone
manman
.
Soso
whatwhat
??
.
Askask
themthem
,,
tootoo
,,
""
Howhow
manymany
diddo
youyou
hanghang
??
""
.
''
((
Aa
Nigeriannigerian
oppositionopposition
groupgroup
wasbe
sufficientlysufficiently
provokedprovoke
toto
callcall
hishis
statementsstatement
""
repulsiverepulsive
""
.
))
..
..
Inin
Iraqiraq
,,
hehe
metmeet
Saddamsaddam
Husseinhussein
andand
engagedengage
inin
moremore
moralmoral
parallelismparallelism
,,
referringrefer
toto
thethe
UNun
embargoembargo
therethere
asas
aa
""
weaponweapon
ofof
massmass
destructiondestruction
""
.
Mr.mr.
Farrakhan'sfarrakhan
supporterssupporter
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
explainedexplain
thatthat
thethe
purposepurpose
ofof
thethe
triptrip
wasbe
""
atonementatonement
andand
reconciliationreconciliation
""
.
Onon
Sundaysunday
inin
Chicagochicago
,,
havinghave
arrivedarrive
homehome
toto
aa
hailhail
ofof
criticismcriticism
,,
Mr.mr.
Farrakhanfarrakhan
reactedreact
toto
suggestionssuggestion
ofof
aa
congressionalcongressional
inquiryinquiry
intointo
hishis
triptrip
byby
revertingrevert
toto
hishis
habithabit
ofof
baitingbaiting
Jewsjew
andand
Israelisrael
::
.
Hehe
challengedchallenge
criticscritic
toto
""
bringbring
meme
beforebefore
Congresscongress
soso
Ii
cancan
askask
youyou
howhow
manymany
senatorssenator
arebe
honoraryhonorary
membersmember
ofof
thethe
Israeliisraeli
Knessetknesset
""
andand
complainedcomplain
thatthat
Jewsjew
havehave
""
wrappedwrap
theirtheir
tentaclestentacle
aroundaround
thethe
U.S.u.s.
governmentgovernment
""
.
Makemake
nono
mistakemistake
aboutabout
itit
::
Thisthis
isbe
filthyfilthy
talktalk
.
Mr.mr.
Farrakhan'sfarrakhan
embraceembrace
ofof
dictatorsdictator
whowho
imposeimpose
sufferingsuffering
onon
theirtheir
ownown
peoplepeople
andand
terrorterror
onon
thethe
internationalinternational
communitycommunity
isbe
filthyfilthy
tootoo
.
Therethere
'sbe
nono
needneed
forfor
aa
congressionalcongressional
investigationinvestigation
oror
aa
courtcourt
ofof
lawlaw
toto
examineexamine
thatthat
.
Speechspeech
beingbe
freefree
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
--
aa
factfact
Mr.mr.
Farrakhanfarrakhan
bizarrelybizarrely
seemedseem
toto
appreciateappreciate
whenwhen
hehe
braggedbrag
inin
Damascusdamascus
thatthat
""
thethe
Americanamerican
Constitutionconstitution
grantsgrant
meme
thethe
freedomfreedom
ofof
religionreligion
andand
thethe
freedomfreedom
ofof
meetingmeet
anyoneanyone
Ii
wantwant
""
--
hishis
wordsword
arebe
availableavailable
toto
bebe
judgedjudge
byby
anyoneanyone
andand
toto
drawdraw
fromfrom
anyoneanyone
theirtheir
justjust
portionportion
ofof
angeranger
andand
disgustdisgust
.
Withwith
thethe
Sovietsoviet
threatthreat
nownow
gonego
,,
andand
U.S.u.s.
soldierssoldier
increasinglyincreasingly
unpopularunpopular
inin
Japanjapan
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
raperape
inin
Okinawaokinawa
,,
aa
lotlot
ofof
peopleperson
arebe
wonderingwonder
howhow
longlong
thethe
U.S.-Japanu.s.-japan
securitysecurity
alliancealliance
willwill
holdhold
andand
howhow
longlong
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
willwill
bebe
ableable
toto
stationstation
47,00047,000
troopstroop
herehere
.
Wellwell
,,
stopstop
worryingworry
.
Whilewhile
thethe
questionquestion
isbe
aa
legitimatelegitimate
oneone
,,
thethe
answeranswer
isbe
obviousobvious
--
eveneven
thoughthough
neitherneither
Unitedunited
Statesstates
nornor
Japanesejapanese
officialsofficial
wantwant
toto
utterutter
itit
aloudaloud
.
Soso
letlet
meme
justjust
whisperwhisper
itit
herehere
::
Whatwhat
willwill
keepkeep
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
Japanjapan
togethertogether
inin
thethe
comingcoming
decadedecade
isbe
C-h-i-n-ac-h-i-n-a
.
Thethe
U.S.-Japanu.s.-japan
securitysecurity
treatytreaty
useduse
toto
bebe
basedbase
onon
protectingprotect
Japanjapan
primarilyprimarily
fromfrom
thethe
distantdistant
threatthreat
fromfrom
Moscowmoscow
.
Butbut
withwith
thethe
riserise
ofof
ana
increasinglyincreasingly
powerfulpowerful
andand
assertiveassertive
Chinachina
,,
andand
withwith
thethe
spreadspread
ofof
Japanesejapanese
investmentsinvestment
allall
overover
Asiaasia
,,
Japanjapan
nownow
hashave
aa
muchmuch
greatergreat
threatthreat
closeclose
toto
homehome
.
Japan'sjapan
onlyonly
reliablereliable
partnerpartner
forfor
deterringdeter
Chinachina
andand
keepingkeep
thethe
peacepeace
aroundaround
Asiaasia
isbe
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
((
Andand
ifif
Chinachina
isbe
n'tnot
enoughenough
ofof
aa
threatthreat
forfor
Japanjapan
,,
thenthen
thethe
prospectprospect
ofof
aa
reunitedreunited
K-o-r-e-ak-o-r-e-a
,,
withwith
aa
fewfew
nuclearnuclear
warheadswarhead
inin
thethe
basementbasement
,,
shouldshould
bebe
sufficientsufficient
toto
frightenfrighten
anyoneanyone
herehere
intointo
makingmake
certaincertain
thethe
Yankeesyankee
dodo
n'tnot
gogo
homehome
))
..
..
""
Japanjapan
alonealone
cancan
notnot
handlehandle
Chinachina
,,
Japanjapan
alonealone
cancan
notnot
handlehandle
aa
unifiedunified
Koreakorea
andand
Japanjapan
alonealone
cancan
notnot
protectprotect
itsits
ownown
seasea
laneslane
--
soso
forfor
allall
ofof
thesethese
reasonsreason
wewe
needneed
thethe
U.S.u.s.
alliancealliance
,,
""
sayssay
Masashimasashi
Nishiharanishihara
,,
oneone
ofof
Japan'sjapan
leadingleading
defensedefense
analystsanalyst
.
""
Butbut
thethe
problemproblem
isbe
,,
thethe
Japanesejapanese
governmentgovernment
doesdo
notnot
wantwant
toto
talktalk
aboutabout
thethe
C-wordc-word
oror
thethe
K-wordk-word
""
.
Andand
thatthat
isbe
aa
problemproblem
.
Becausebecause
forfor
thethe
U.S.-Japanu.s.-japan
securitysecurity
relationshiprelationship
toto
bebe
sustainedsustain
,,
severalseveral
thingsthing
willwill
havehave
toto
changechange
herehere
.
Toto
beginbegin
withwith
,,
Japanesejapanese
officialsofficial
arebe
goinggo
toto
havehave
toto
bebe
preparedprepare
toto
talktalk
aboutabout
Chinachina
.
Upup
toto
nownow
theythey
havehave
beenbe
loathloath
toto
dodo
soso
,,
eithereither
becausebecause
ofof
guiltguilt
overover
Japanesejapanese
warwar
crimescrime
againstagainst
Chinachina
duringduring
Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
oror
becausebecause
thethe
generalgeneral
approachapproach
herehere
toto
securitysecurity
problemsproblem
isbe
toto
stickstick
youryour
headhead
inin
thethe
sandsand
andand
hopehope
theythey
justjust
gogo
awayaway
.
Fortunatelyfortunately
,,
thatthat
maymay
bebe
changingchange
.
Asas
oneone
U.S.u.s.
officialofficial
remarkedremark
::
""
Neitherneither
wewe
nornor
thethe
Japanesejapanese
wantwant
toto
articulatearticulate
Chinachina
asas
thethe
threatthreat
,,
forfor
fearfear
thatthat
itit
willwill
becomebecome
self-fulfillingself-fulfilling
.
Butbut
whenwhen
thethe
Japanesejapanese
looklook
downdown
thethe
roadroad
atat
China'schina
economiceconomic
growthgrowth
andand
militarymilitary
buildupbuildup
,,
theythey
inevitablyinevitably
askask
themselvesthemselves
howhow
isbe
Japanjapan
goinggo
toto
managemanage
aa
Chinachina
thatthat
strongstrong
.
Thoughtfulthoughtful
peopleperson
herehere
keepkeep
comingcome
backback
toto
thethe
U.S.u.s.
""
.
Thethe
Japanesejapanese
presspress
recentlyrecently
highlightedhighlight
China'schina
repeatedrepeated
referencesreference
toto
Taiwan'staiwan
presidentpresident
,,
Leelee
Teng-huiteng-hui
,,
asas
""
ana
agentagent
ofof
Japanjapan
""
.
Mr.mr.
Leelee
isbe
notnot
onlyonly
aa
graduategraduate
ofof
Cornellcornell
,,
butbut
hehe
alsoalso
attendedattend
Japan'sjapan
Kyotokyoto
Universityuniversity
andand
hehe
stillstill
readsread
thethe
Japanesejapanese
newspapersnewspaper
everyevery
morningmorning
.
Japanesejapanese
officialsofficial
arebe
alsoalso
goinggo
toto
havehave
toto
getget
comfortablecomfortable
withwith
aa
newnew
,,
moremuch
broadlybroadly
defineddefined
securitysecurity
relationshiprelationship
withwith
Washingtonwashington
.
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nownow
thethe
U.S.-Japanu.s.-japan
securitysecurity
treatytreaty
isbe
veryvery
clearclear
aboutabout
whatwhat
happenshappen
ifif
Japanjapan
isbe
invadedinvade
byby
Chinachina
.
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itit
isbe
completelycompletely
unclearunclear
aboutabout
howhow
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
Japanjapan
shouldshould
cooperatecooperate
ifif
Taiwantaiwan
isbe
invadedinvade
byby
Chinachina
,,
oror
ifif
U.S.u.s.
troopstroop
inin
Southsouth
Koreakorea
arebe
attackedattack
byby
Northnorth
Koreakorea
.
U.S.u.s.
officialsofficial
havehave
nono
ideaidea
ifif
Japanjapan
wouldwould
allowallow
themthem
toto
useuse
U.S.u.s.
basesbase
herehere
toto
defenddefend
Taiwantaiwan
againstagainst
Chinachina
.
Japan'sjapan
economiceconomic
assetsasset
arebe
nownow
regionalregional
,,
thethe
threatsthreat
toto
Japan'sjapan
securitysecurity
arebe
nownow
regionalregional
,,
butbut
thethe
Japanesejapanese
interpretationinterpretation
ofof
thethe
U.S.-Japanu.s.-japan
alliancealliance
,,
andand
ofof
thethe
Japanesejapanese
Constitutionconstitution
,,
isbe
thatthat
Japan'sjapan
armyarmy
cancan
cooperatecooperate
withwith
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
onlyonly
toto
defenddefend
itsits
ownown
territoryterritory
.
Thatthat
situationsituation
cancan
notnot
lastlast
.
""
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Americanamerican
boysboy
arebe
dyingdie
forfor
Taiwantaiwan
andand
wewe
dodo
n'tnot
helphelp
,,
wewe
destroydestroy
thethe
alliancealliance
,,
""
sayssay
Hisahikohisahiko
Okazakiokazaki
,,
Japan'sjapan
formerformer
ambassadorambassador
toto
Thailandthailand
andand
itsits
mostmuch
outspokenoutspoken
advocateadvocate
ofof
American-Japaneseamerican-japanese
cooperationcooperation
toto
deterdeter
Chinachina
.
Japanesejapanese
leadersleader
couldcould
interpretinterpret
theirtheir
constitutionconstitution
moremuch
broadlybroadly
ifif
theythey
wantedwant
toto
--
andand
theythey
betterbetter
.
Becausebecause
Japanjapan
cancan
onlyonly
reallyreally
protectprotect
itselfitself
ifif
itit
workswork
withwith
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
toto
dealdeal
withwith
securitysecurity
threatsthreat
inin
Asiaasia
beforebefore
theythey
reachreach
Japan'sjapan
shoresshore
.
Mr.mr.
Nishiharanishihara
sayssay
,,
""
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Ryutaroryutaro
Hashimotohashimoto
shouldshould
standstand
upup
andand
saysay
thatthat
Japanjapan
isbe
preparedprepare
toto
workwork
withwith
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
toto
promotepromote
aa
peacefulpeaceful
settlementsettlement
ofof
thethe
China-Taiwanchina-taiwan
disputedispute
--
thethe
Chinesechinese
wouldwould
getget
thethe
messagemessage
""
.
Itit
willwill
taketake
timetime
,,
butbut
Ii
ambe
convincedconvince
Japanjapan
willwill
sendsend
thatthat
messagemessage
.
C-h-i-n-ac-h-i-n-a
willwill
makemake
suresure
ofof
thatthat
.
Senatorsenator
Christopherchristopher
J.j.
Dodddodd
ofof
Connecticutconnecticut
,,
reluctantlyreluctantly
agreeingagree
toto
renewalrenewal
ofof
thethe
Senatesenate
Whitewaterwhitewater
Committee'scommittee
expiringexpiring
mandatemandate
,,
suggestssuggest
limitinglimit
thethe
extensionextension
toto
fivefive
weeksweek
,,
endingend
Aprilapril
3.3.
..
..
Alongalong
withwith
thethe
minorityminority
leaderleader
,,
Tomtom
Daschledaschle
,,
Mr.mr.
Dodddodd
saidsay
thisthis
weekweek
thatthat
leadingleading
Senatesenate
Democratsdemocrat
werebe
preparedprepare
toto
blockblock
anyany
extensionextension
beyondbeyond
earlyearly
Aprilapril
.
Theirtheir
positionposition
isbe
dictateddictate
byby
worryworry
aboutabout
thethe
19961996
campaigncampaign
,,
andand
itit
isbe
understandableunderstandable
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Dodddodd
,,
asas
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Democraticdemocratic
Nationalnational
Committeecommittee
,,
wouldwould
hopehope
thatthat
thethe
publicpublic
hashave
ana
endlessendless
tolerancetolerance
ofof
Whitewaterwhitewater
evasionsevasion
.
Mr.mr.
Dodddodd
wantswant
toto
protectprotect
Presidentpresident
Billbill
Clintonclinton
andand
hishis
wifewife
,,
Hillaryhillary
,,
fromfrom
thethe
embarrassmentembarrassment
thatthat
thethe
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Whitewaterwhitewater
committeecommittee
,,
Senatorsenator
Alfonsealfonse
M.m.
D'Amatod'amato
,,
wouldwould
bebe
pleasedplease
toto
heapheap
uponupon
themthem
.
Butbut
Mr.mr.
D'Amatod'amato
,,
whowho
byby
andand
largelarge
hashave
curbedcurb
hishis
customarycustomary
partisanpartisan
mannermanner
,,
hashave
aa
strongerstrong
pointpoint
.
Thethe
Senate'ssenate
dutyduty
cancan
notnot
bebe
canceledcancel
oror
truncatedtruncate
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
campaigncampaign
calendarcalendar
.
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certaincertain
datedate
forfor
terminatingterminate
thethe
hearingshearing
wouldwould
encourageencourage
eveneven
moremore
delaydelay
inin
producingproduce
subpoenaedsubpoenaed
documentsdocument
thanthan
thethe
committeecommittee
hashave
enduredendure
sincesince
itit
startedstart
lastlast
Julyjuly
.
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committeecommittee
hashave
beenbe
forcedforce
toto
awaitawait
suchsuch
eventsevent
asas
thethe
criminalcriminal
trialtrial
nextnext
weekweek
ofof
Jamesjames
McDougalmcdougal
,,
aa
Clintonclinton
businessbusiness
partnerpartner
inin
thethe
failedfailed
Whitewaterwhitewater
landland
ventureventure
.
Inin
additionaddition
,,
thethe
Whitewhite
Househouse
hashave
yetyet
toto
revealreveal
thethe
fullfull
factsfact
aboutabout
thethe
landland
ventureventure
,,
thethe
Clintons'clinton
relationshiprelationship
toto
Mr.mr.
McDougal'smcdougal
bankingbanking
activitiesactivity
,,
Mrs.mrs.
Clinton'sclinton
workwork
asas
aa
lawyerlawyer
onon
Whitewaterwhitewater
mattersmatter
andand
thethe
mysteriousmysterious
movementsmovement
ofof
documentsdocument
fromfrom
thethe
Roserose
Lawlaw
Firmfirm
toto
variousvarious
basementsbasement
andand
closetscloset
andand
thethe
Executiveexecutive
Mansionmansion
.
Thethe
committeecommittee
,,
politicspolitics
notwithstandingnotwithstanding
,,
hashave
earnedearn
ana
indefiniteindefinite
extensionextension
.
Aa
Democraticdemocratic
fightfight
againstagainst
itit
wouldwould
bebe
sillysilly
stonewallingstonewalling
.
Thethe
Provincialprovincial
Committeecommittee
ofof
Alsace-Lorrainealsace-lorraine
hashave
rejectedreject
,,
byby
2828
votesvote
toto
2626
,,
thethe
billbill
ofof
thethe
Governmentgovernment
proposingpropose
toto
spendspend
9,0009,000
onon
thethe
buildingbuilding
ofof
aa
shooting-boxshooting-box
atat
Mutzigmutzig
forfor
thethe
Emperoremperor
.
Onon
hishis
lastlast
visitvisit
thethe
Emperoremperor
expressedexpress
hishis
delightdelight
atat
thethe
beautifulbeautiful
situationsituation
amongamong
thethe
forestsforest
therethere
,,
andand
consequentlyconsequently
,,
thethe
Governmentgovernment
proposedpropose
toto
buildbuild
aa
shooting-boxshooting-box
forfor
himhim
.
Thethe
two-litertwo-liter
monthlymonthly
rationration
ofof
winewine
maymay
bebe
increasedincrease
inin
thethe
comingcoming
monthsmonth
,,
Henrihenri
Longchambonlongchambon
,,
thethe
Frenchfrench
Foodfood
Ministerminister
,,
declareddeclare
atat
aa
presspress
conferenceconference
yesterdayyesterday
[[
Feb.feb.
2727
]]
..
..
..
Thisthis
improvementimprovement
,,
followingfollow
officialofficial
statementsstatement
thatthat
thethe
winewine
rationration
mightmight
havehave
toto
bebe
reducedreduce
toto
oneone
literliter
aa
monthmonth
,,
wasbe
duedue
,,
thethe
Ministerminister
explainedexplain
,,
toto
thethe
factfact
thatthat
1,0001,000
tirestire
hadhave
beenbe
sentsend
toto
Algeriaalgeria
forfor
tanktank
truckstruck
toto
carrycarry
thethe
winewine
fromfrom
thethe
interiorinterior
toto
thethe
portsport
.
Ifif
allall
goesgo
wellwell
,,
therethere
shouldshould
bebe
700,000700,000
toto
800,000800,000
hectolitershectoliter
((
aboutabout
2020
millionmillion
gallonsgallon
))
ofof
Algerianalgerian
winewine
forfor
distributiondistribution
.
Itit
isbe
alwaysalways
interestinginteresting
toto
observeobserve
whatwhat
journalistsjournalist
arebe
readingread
onon
thethe
campaigncampaign
trailtrail
.
""
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Colorscolor
""
isbe
thethe
requiredrequired
lightlight
readingreading
,,
andand
thisthis
year'syear
entryentry
inin
thethe
self-flagellationself-flagellation
categorycategory
isbe
""
Breakingbreak
thethe
Newsnews
::
Howhow
thethe
Mediamedium
Undermineundermine
Americanamerican
Democracydemocracy
,,
""
byby
Jamesjames
Fallowsfallows
.
Notnot
sincesince
thethe
publicationpublication
ofof
""
Feedingfeeding
Frenzyfrenzy
""
byby
Larrylarry
Sabatosabato
inin
19911991
hashave
therethere
beenbe
aa
bookbook
moremuch
packedpacked
withwith
badbad
adviceadvice
forfor
thethe
seriousserious
journalistjournalist
.
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
isbe
deaddead
rightright
onon
aa
couplecouple
ofof
pointspoint
.
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takingtaking
ofof
hugehuge
corporatecorporate
lecturelecture
feesfee
byby
reportersreporter
isbe
,,
asas
Tomtom
Brokawbrokaw
sayssay
,,
""
whitewhite
collarcollar
crimecrime
""
.
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
isbe
alsoalso
rightright
thatthat
""
Thethe
McLaughlinmclaughlin
Groupgroup
""
andand
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shout-showsshout-show
havehave
underminedundermine
publicpublic
confidenceconfidence
inin
allall
journalistsjournalist
.
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isbe
whenwhen
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
turnsturn
fromfrom
diagnosisdiagnosis
toto
prescriptionprescription
thatthat
hehe
becomesbecome
aa
fountfount
ofof
dangerousdangerous
nonsensenonsense
.
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thisthis
respectrespect
,,
hehe
isbe
aa
carriercarrier
ofof
whatwhat
mightmight
bebe
calledcall
Washingtonwashington
Monthlymonthly
Diseasedisease
.
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,,
thethe
book'sbook
arch-guruarch-guru
andand
thethe
receiverreceiver
ofof
itsits
dedicationdedication
isbe
Charlescharles
Peterspeters
,,
thethe
founderfounder
ofof
Washingtonwashington
Monthlymonthly
andand
aa
worthyworthy
citizencitizen
withwith
aa
skewedskewed
ideaidea
aboutabout
whatwhat
constitutesconstitute
goodgood
journalismjournalism
.
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Fallowsfallows
makesmake
muchmuch
ofof
thethe
factfact
thatthat
journalisticjournalistic
salariessalary
havehave
increasedincrease
,,
meaningmean
thatthat
reportersreporter
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storiesstory
.
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hehe
failsfail
toto
noticenotice
aa
farfar
moremuch
importantimportant
trendtrend
,,
andand
thatthat
isbe
thethe
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intointo
journalismjournalism
ofof
peopleperson
whosewhose
formativeformative
experienceexperience
isbe
inin
politicspolitics
.
Therethere
hashave
alwaysalways
beenbe
migrationmigration
betweenbetween
politicspolitics
andand
journalismjournalism
,,
andand
itit
cancan
bebe
ana
enrichingenriching
exchangeexchange
.
Butbut
""
Breakingbreak
thethe
Newsnews
""
representsrepresent
thethe
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ofof
aa
recentrecent
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toto
acceptaccept
peopleperson
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havehave
beenbe
inin
thethe
politicalpolitical
worldworld
asas
arbitersarbiter
ofof
whatwhat
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goodgood
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.
Thethe
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isbe
thatthat
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whosewhose
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inin
governmentgovernment
officesoffice
andand
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campaigncampaign
boilerboiler
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viewview
thethe
worldworld
inin
aa
fundamentallyfundamentally
differentdifferent
wayway
fromfrom
reportersreporter
andand
editorseditor
.
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journalistsjournalist
judgejudge
thethe
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ofof
theirtheir
workwork
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howhow
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itit
servesserve
thethe
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needsneed
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.
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journalismjournalism
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whetherwhether
itit
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forfor
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andand
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ofof
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policypolicy
.
Thesethese
arebe
twotwo
fundamentallyfundamentally
warringwarring
visionsvision
,,
andand
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
,,
aa
magazinemagazine
editoreditor
whowho
becamebecome
aa
speechwriterspeechwriter
forfor
Presidentpresident
Jimmyjimmy
Cartercarter
,,
hashave
aa
deeplydeeply
ahistoricahistoric
viewview
ofof
Americanamerican
newspaperingnewspapering
.
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Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
,,
mainstreammainstream
Americanamerican
newspapersnewspaper
havehave
developeddevelop
ana
ethicalethical
traditiontradition
thatthat
callscall
onon
reportersreporter
toto
forswearforswear
partisanpartisan
advocacyadvocacy
,,
toto
bebe
indifferentindifferent
toto
thethe
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ofof
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candidatescandidate
,,
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bebe
agnosticagnostic
asas
toto
publicpublic
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outcomesoutcome
,,
toto
bebe
doggeddog
inin
thethe
collectioncollection
andand
deliverydelivery
ofof
informationinformation
forfor
itsits
ownown
sakesake
.
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
arguesargue
thatthat
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radicalradical
independenceindependence
veersveer
tootoo
easilyeasily
intointo
reflexivereflexive
cynicismcynicism
andand
thatthat
thethe
readerreader
willwill
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bettergood
servedserve
byby
reportersreporter
whowho
seesee
themselvesthemselves
asas
civiccivic
stenographersstenographer
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toto
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andand
well-motivatedwell-motivated
politicianspolitician
.
Suchsuch
aa
viewview
mightmight
bebe
lessless
erosiveerosive
ofof
thethe
traditionaltraditional
valuesvalue
ofof
thethe
newsroomnewsroom
ifif
itit
wasbe
notnot
suchsuch
aa
shortshort
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fromfrom
beingbe
aa
servantservant
inin
thethe
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processprocess
toto
beingbe
aa
politicalpolitical
advocateadvocate
whowho
usesuse
journalismjournalism
asas
aa
convenientconvenient
covercover
.
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exampleexample
,,
Mr.mr.
Peterspeters
,,
aa
formerformer
Democraticdemocratic
legislatorlegislator
inin
Westwest
Virginiavirginia
,,
wasbe
recentlyrecently
discovereddiscover
toto
bebe
dispensingdispense
privateprivate
politicalpolitical
adviceadvice
toto
thethe
state'sstate
Democraticdemocratic
governorgovernor
.
Televisiontelevision
moneymoney
hashave
seducedseduce
aa
largelarge
crowdcrowd
ofof
Washingtonwashington
reportersreporter
intointo
becomingbecome
performersperformer
.
Mr.mr.
Fallowsfallows
,,
toto
hishis
creditcredit
,,
condemnscondemn
thatthat
practicepractice
.
Butbut
hishis
adviceadvice
posespose
ana
equallyequally
insidiousinsidious
dangerdanger
,,
andand
thatthat
isbe
thatthat
reportersreporter
andand
editorseditor
becomebecome
publicpublic
policypolicy
missionariesmissionary
withwith
aa
puritanicalpuritanical
contemptcontempt
forfor
horse-racehorse-race
politicspolitics
.
Itit
isbe
myopicmyopic
toto
condemncondemn
thethe
coveragecoverage
ofof
thethe
personalpersonal
sideside
ofof
politicspolitics
.
Inin
presidentialpresidential
electionselection
,,
thethe
peopleperson
arebe
choosingchoose
aa
personperson
,,
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justjust
aa
bundlebundle
ofof
policiespolicy
.
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currentcurrent
politicalpolitical
seasonseason
comescome
asas
aa
timelytimely
reminderreminder
thatthat
thethe
wisdomwisdom
ofof
democracydemocracy
isbe
forgedforge
inin
thethe
rowdyrowdy
ceremoniesceremony
ofof
thethe
campaigncampaign
trailtrail
,,
andand
thatthat
thethe
publicpublic
getsget
itsits
educationeducation
throughthrough
thethe
clarifyingclarifying
vitalityvitality
ofof
unrestrainedunrestrained
debatedebate
.
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participationparticipation
ofof
mainstreammainstream
printprint
journalistsjournalist
inin
thisthis
processprocess
asas
skepticalskeptical
observersobserver
,,
criticscritic
andand
analystsanalyst
isbe
aa
highhigh
,,
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andand
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callingcalling
.
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Fallows'sfallows's
casecase
forfor
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thatthat
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maymay
bebe
wellwell
intendedintend
,,
butbut
itit
isbe
poisonouspoisonous
toto
thethe
valuesvalue
ofof
thethe
newsroomnewsroom
.
Ifif
journalistsjournalist
followfollow
hishis
prescriptionprescription
,,
theirtheir
readersreader
trulytruly
willwill
havehave
reasonreason
toto
blameblame
thethe
presspress
forfor
underminingundermine
democracydemocracy
.
Wewe
havehave
oneone
ofof
themthem
everyevery
leapleap
yearyear
,,
inin
casecase
youyou
'dwould
forgottenforget
.
Leapleap
yearyear
comescome
everyevery
fourfour
yearsyear
,,
likelike
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presidentialpresidential
electionselection
.
Inin
factfact
,,
presidentialpresidential
electionselection
alwaysalways
comecome
inin
leapleap
yearsyear
,,
aa
basicbasic
thatthat
hadhave
eludedelude
meme
forfor
decadesdecade
,,
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whichwhich
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couldcould
alwaysalways
findfind
outout
ifif
thisthis
wasbe
leapleap
yearyear
byby
countingcount
forwardforward
byby
4s4s
fromfrom
19441944
,,
whichwhich
isbe
thethe
firstfirst
yearyear
Ii
wasbe
awareaware
therethere
wasbe
suchsuch
aa
phenomenonphenomenon
.
Othersother
havehave
itit
muchmuch
simplersimple
.
Theythey
looklook
atat
thethe
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company'scompany
calendarcalendar
theythey
gotget
forfor
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andand
findfind
outout
ifif
Februaryfebruary
hashave
2828
oror
2929
daysday
,,
andand
ifif
itit
isbe
thethe
latterlatter
,,
itit
isbe
leapleap
yearyear
.
Whywhy
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oddodd
secondssecond
andand
minutesminute
occursoccur
inin
Februaryfebruary
isbe
beyondbeyond
meme
,,
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wewe
cancan
allall
bebe
gratefulgrateful
itit
isbe
thenthen
insteadinstead
ofof
inin
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.
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extraextra
dayday
inin
Februaryfebruary
doesdo
posepose
aa
fewfew
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,,
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isbe
insurmountableinsurmountable
.
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leapleap
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wouldwould
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wewe
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thethe
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andand
Oldold
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,,
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youyou
thinkthink
isbe
1212
daysday
,,
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byby
nownow
isbe
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1313
,,
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,,
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mademake
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fewfew
centuriescentury
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toto
accountaccount
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andand
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.
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thethe
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asas
""
Thethe
1313
Daysday
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,,
""
accommodateaccommodate
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andand
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mymy
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meme
,,
consideringconsider
thethe
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onon
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.
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ofof
thethe
problemsproblem
ofof
Feb.feb.
2929
isbe
thethe
lacklack
ofof
self-esteemself-esteem
ofof
thosethose
bornborn
onon
thatthat
dayday
,,
thosethose
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birthdaysbirthday
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upup
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aa
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toto
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,,
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,,
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itit
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andand
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.
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isbe
,,
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ofof
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havehave
nono
entryentry
atat
allall
forfor
Feb.feb.
2929
,,
leavingleave
spiritualspiritual
contactcontact
forfor
thatthat
dayday
toto
thethe
individual'sindividual
imaginationimagination
,,
oror
faithfaith
.
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ofof
thethe
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ofof
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aboutabout
leapleap
yearyear
isbe
thatthat
itit
isbe
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itit
isbe
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raucousraucous
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,,
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featuredfeature
""
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Dayday
,,
""
whenwhen
womenwoman
inin
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,,
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thanthan
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.
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,,
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herher
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toto
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andand
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amongamong
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livedlive
.
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ownown
experienceexperience
withwith
leapleap
yearyear
hashave
beenbe
lessless
thanthan
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,,
althoughalthough
Ii
diddo
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inin
oneone
ofof
themthem
,,
19561956
,,
toto
aa
womanwoman
Ii
pursuedpursue
withwith
greatgreat
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andand
atat
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costcost
toto
meme
inin
termsterm
ofof
emotionemotion
,,
pridepride
,,
timetime
,,
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andand
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andand
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toto
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toto
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exerciseexercise
inin
humilityhumility
.
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willwill
bebe
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leapleap
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thatthat
thisthis
marriagemarriage
hashave
enduredendure
((
Williamwilliam
Faulkner'sfaulkner
wordword
,,
notnot
minemine
))
.
Ii
wasbe
broughtbring
toto
mymy
kneesknee
inin
anotheranother
leapleap
yearyear
,,
19801980
,,
byby
seriousserious
illnessillness
andand
beganbegin
aa
miraculousmiraculous
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thatthat
samesame
yearyear
,,
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thethe
restrest
ofof
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quadrennialquadrennial
yearsyear
werebe
devoiddevoid
ofof
personalpersonal
interestinterest
.
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extraextra
dayday
wewe
havehave
thisthis
yearyear
isbe
oneone
wewe
mightmight
oughtought
makemake
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,,
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.
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isbe
aa
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nownow
,,
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secondssecond
andand
minutesminute
builtbuild
upup
likelike
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onon
aa
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.
Itit
shouldshould
bebe
aa
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ofof
thethe
factfact
thatthat
withwith
allall
ofof
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inin
itsits
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andand
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,,
withwith
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simultaneouslysimultaneously
thethe
greatgreat
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andand
darkdark
cursecurse
ofof
thethe
humanhuman
racerace
,,
nono
systemsystem
oror
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oror
formulaformula
oror
devicedevice
hashave
beenbe
discovereddiscover
thatthat
cancan
hammerhammer
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timetime
intointo
concurrenceconcurrence
withwith
oursours
,,
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upup
thethe
pitifulpitiful
leftoversleftover
untiluntil
theythey
makemake
upup
aa
wholewhole
dayday
.
Thisthis
Thursdaythursday
,,
Feb.feb.
2929
,,
oughtought
toto
bebe
aa
globalglobal
holidayholiday
,,
celebratingcelebrate
thethe
universaluniversal
andand
somehowsomehow
appropriateappropriate
lacklack
ofof
self-esteemself-esteem
andand
truetrue
humilityhumility
thatthat
comecome
withwith
havinghave
timetime
onon
one'sone
handshand
withwith
nono
ideaidea
ofof
wherewhere
itit
camecome
fromfrom
oror
whatwhat
toto
dodo
withwith
itit
.
Regardingregarding
thethe
editorialeditorial
""
Dodo
n'tnot
Faultfault
No-Faultno-fault
,,
""
((
Opinionopinion
,,
Feb.feb.
1717
))
::
Thethe
editorialeditorial
arguesargue
againstagainst
thethe
currentcurrent
movementmovement
inin
Americaamerica
toto
toughentoughen
statestate
divorcedivorce
lawslaw
,,
andand
suggestssuggest
thatthat
effortseffort
bebe
mademake
insteadinstead
toto
reducereduce
economiceconomic
stressesstress
onon
marriedmarried
couplescouple
andand
toto
getget
absentabsent
fathersfather
toto
livelive
upup
toto
theirtheir
childchild
supportsupport
obligationsobligation
.
Thethe
breakdownbreakdown
ofof
thethe
familyfamily
isbe
aa
moralmoral
,,
notnot
economiceconomic
problemproblem
.
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divorcedivorce
easiereasy
hashave
notnot
improvedimprove
thethe
lotlot
ofof
familiesfamily
,,
asas
cancan
bebe
seensee
inin
thethe
acceleratingaccelerating
trendstrend
ofof
unwedunwed
mothersmother
,,
urbanurban
crimecrime
andand
familyfamily
povertypoverty
.
Marriagemarriage
isbe
aa
moralmoral
choicechoice
thatthat
isbe
simplysimply
endorsedendorse
byby
thethe
marriagemarriage
lawslaw
ofof
thethe
statestate
.
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isbe
quitequite
aa
bitbit
moremuch
thanthan
aa
legallegal
contractcontract
.
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isbe
thethe
foundationfoundation
ofof
healthyhealthy
childrenchild
thatthat
,,
inin
turnturn
,,
formform
thethe
cornerstonescornerstone
ofof
aa
healthyhealthy
societysociety
.
Ii
personallypersonally
welcomewelcome
thisthis
moralmoral
trendtrend
asas
positivepositive
.
Regardingregarding
""
Politicspolitics
Disturbsdisturb
Bangladesh'sbangladesh
Dreamdream
ofof
Stabilitystability
""
((
Jan.jan.
3030
))
::
Thethe
referencereference
toto
Henryhenry
Kissinger'skissinger
famousfamous
remarkremark
aboutabout
Bangladeshbangladesh
beingbe
ana
""
internationalinternational
basketbasket
casecase
""
remindsremind
meme
ofof
ana
informalinformal
pollpoll
Ii
conductedconduct
inin
thethe
mid-'70smid-'70s
inin
Dhakadhaka
,,
wherewhere
Ii
wasbe
servingserve
asas
aa
U.S.u.s.
diplomatdiplomat
.
Ii
askedask
mymy
contactscontact
,,
allall
educatededucated
,,
English-speakingenglish-speaking
Bengalisbengalis
,,
whatwhat
theythey
thoughtthink
thethe
secretarysecretary
ofof
statestate
hadhave
meantmean
.
Toto
mostmost
,,
""
basketbasket
casecase
""
conveyedconvey
ana
imageimage
ofof
aa
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withwith
hishis
bowlbowl
,,
oror
basketbasket
,,
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forfor
almsalms
.
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oneone
wasbe
awareaware
itit
wasbe
GIgi
slangslang
forfor
aa
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lostlose
allall
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limbslimb
.
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whatwhat
wasbe
intendedintend
asas
ana
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ofof
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,,
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crudecrude
,,
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asas
ana
insultinsult
.
Ii
wouldwould
n'tnot
bebe
surprisedsurprised
ifif
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misunderstandingmisunderstanding
persistspersist
.
Regardingregarding
""
Thethe
Front-Loadedfront-loaded
'9696
Calendarcalendar
Worriesworry
Somesome
Republicansrepublican
,,
butbut
Notnot
Doledole
""
((
Jan.jan.
2929
))
::
Shortsightedshortsighted
powerpower
grabsgrab
byby
statesstate
,,
attemptingattempt
toto
increaseincrease
theirtheir
influenceinfluence
byby
movingmove
upup
thethe
datesdate
ofof
primariesprimary
oror
caucusescaucus
,,
havehave
ledlead
toto
""
chaoschaos
""
inin
thethe
Republicanrepublican
politicalpolitical
marketplacemarketplace
.
Eveneven
moremuch
interestinginteresting
,,
andand
ironicironic
,,
isbe
thethe
suggestionsuggestion
byby
Haleyhaley
Barbourbarbour
thatthat
thethe
nationalnational
partyparty
mightmight
regulateregulate
thethe
timingtiming
ofof
statestate
primariesprimary
inin
thethe
futurefuture
.
Ifif
regulationregulation
hurtshurt
thethe
economyeconomy
,,
whywhy
isbe
itit
necessarynecessary
inin
thethe
Republicanrepublican
Partyparty
??
.
Thisthis
dilemmadilemma
isbe
ana
exampleexample
ofof
howhow
negativenegative
externalitiesexternality
inin
anyany
marketmarket
cancan
leadlead
toto
aa
resultresult
thatthat
maymay
notnot
bebe
inin
thethe
bestgood
interestinterest
ofof
thethe
wholewhole
groupgroup
.
Itit
willwill
bebe
interestinginteresting
toto
seesee
ifif
thethe
conservativeconservative
proponentsproponent
ofof
decentralizationdecentralization
interveneintervene
inin
statestate
affairsaffair
toto
fixfix
aa
marketmarket
failurefailure
,,
andand
keepkeep
theirtheir
politicalpolitical
hopeshope
afloatafloat
.
Howhow
mostmost
peopleperson
farefare
inin
oldold
ageage
maymay
notnot
bebe
aa
mattermatter
ofof
fatefate
oror
genesgene
,,
asas
manymany
peopleperson
believebelieve
.
Thethe
wayway
peopleperson
ageage
--
whetherwhether
inin
theirtheir
70s70s
andand
80s80s
theythey
endend
upup
sicksick
,,
dementeddemented
andand
sexlesssexless
oror
vigorousvigorous
,,
sharpsharp
andand
libidinouslibidinous
--
isbe
mostlymostly
aa
mattermatter
ofof
howhow
theythey
livelive
.
""
Onlyonly
aboutabout
3030
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
characteristicscharacteristic
ofof
agingaging
arebe
geneticallygenetically
basedbase
;;
thethe
restrest
--
7070
percentpercent
--
isbe
notnot
,,
""
Dr.dr.
Johnjohn
W.w.
Rowerowe
,,
directordirector
ofof
thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
Foundationfoundation
Consortiumconsortium
onon
Successfulsuccessful
Agingaging
,,
saidsay
.
Thethe
researchresearch
teamteam
hashave
foundfind
thatthat
stayingstay
activeactive
bothboth
physicallyphysically
andand
sociallysocially
contributecontribute
toto
successfulsuccessful
agingaging
.
""
Peopleperson
arebe
largelylargely
responsibleresponsible
forfor
theirtheir
ownown
oldold
ageage
,,
""
saidsay
Dr.dr.
Rowerowe
,,
aa
gerontologistgerontologist
andand
presidentpresident
ofof
Mountmount
Sinaisinai
Medicalmedical
Centercenter
inin
Newnew
Yorkyork
.
Thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
researchresearch
teamteam
foundfind
thatthat
geneticsgenetics
playedplay
thethe
greatestgreat
rolerole
inin
healthhealth
characteristicscharacteristic
earlyearly
inin
lifelife
.
""
Butbut
byby
ageage
8080
,,
forfor
manymany
characteristicscharacteristic
therethere
isbe
hardlyhardly
anyany
geneticgenetic
influenceinfluence
leftleft
,,
""
Dr.dr.
McClearnmcclearn
saidsay
.
Byby
examiningexamine
whatwhat
theythey
callcall
thethe
positivepositive
sideside
ofof
agingaging
ratherrather
thanthan
peopleperson
whowho
arebe
alreadyalready
sicksick
,,
thethe
interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary
,,
interuniversityinteruniversity
teamteam
isbe
findingfind
notnot
onlyonly
thatthat
mostmost
oldold
peopleperson
arebe
doingdo
wellwell
physicallyphysically
andand
mentallymentally
butbut
thatthat
muchmuch
cancan
bebe
donedo
toto
fosterfoster
aa
healthyhealthy
andand
productiveproductive
oldold
ageage
inin
thethe
millionsmillions
ofof
peopleperson
whowho
mightmight
otherwiseotherwise
notnot
ageage
wellwell
.
Inin
19851985
thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
Foundationfoundation
establishedestablish
thethe
researchresearch
teamteam
asas
aa
jointjoint
projectproject
amongamong
severalseveral
universitiesuniversity
andand
hospitalshospital
toto
studystudy
ana
often-overlookedoften-overlooked
segmentsegment
ofof
thethe
elderlyelderly
populationpopulation
::
peopleperson
whowho
enterenter
theirtheir
eightheighth
decadedecade
healthyhealthy
andand
independentindependent
.
Thethe
studiesstudy
havehave
shownshow
thatthat
thethe
seriousserious
lossesloss
inin
physicalphysical
andand
mentalmental
functioningfunctioning
commonlycommonly
attributedattribute
toto
ageage
arebe
neitherneither
inevitableinevitable
nornor
immutableimmutable
.
Thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
studiesstudy
havehave
alreadyalready
identifiedidentify
severalseveral
factorsfactor
thatthat
predictpredict
successfulsuccessful
agingaging
,,
includinginclude
regularregular
physicalphysical
activityactivity
,,
continuedcontinue
socialsocial
connectionsconnection
,,
resiliencyresiliency
--
thethe
abilityability
toto
bouncebounce
backback
readilyreadily
afterafter
sufferingsuffer
aa
lossloss
--
andand
aa
feelingfeeling
ofof
controlcontrol
overover
one'sone
lifelife
.
Thesethese
factorsfactor
,,
thethe
researchersresearcher
saysay
,,
arebe
onesone
thatthat
cancan
bebe
changedchange
byby
peopleperson
asas
theythey
ageage
,,
puttingput
theirtheir
well-beingwell-being
underunder
theirtheir
controlcontrol
.
Thethe
researchersresearcher
alsoalso
maintainmaintain
thatthat
societysociety
hashave
aa
crucialcrucial
rolerole
toto
playplay
inin
helpinghelp
olderold
peopleperson
achieveachieve
thesethese
characteristicscharacteristic
.
""
Wewe
cancan
nono
longerlong
affordafford
toto
ignoreignore
thethe
linklink
betweenbetween
socialsocial
policiespolicy
andand
healthhealth
,,
""
saidsay
Dr.dr.
Lisalisa
F.f.
Berkmanberkman
,,
aa
membermember
ofof
thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
teamteam
whowho
isbe
aa
socialsocial
epidemiologistepidemiologist
atat
thethe
Harvardharvard
Schoolschool
ofof
Publicpublic
Healthhealth
.
Sheshe
saidsay
thatthat
byby
improvingimprove
accessaccess
toto
physicalphysical
activityactivity
andand
promotingpromote
socialsocial
engagementengagement
insteadinstead
ofof
isolatingisolate
oror
ignoringignore
thethe
elderlyelderly
,,
muchmuch
couldcould
bebe
donedo
toto
enhanceenhance
physicalphysical
andand
intellectualintellectual
abilitiesability
inin
laterlate
lifelife
.
Inin
aa
relatedrelated
studystudy
ofof
olderold
peopleperson
inin
thethe
communitycommunity
,,
gerontologygerontology
researchersresearcher
atat
Pennpenn
Statestate
,,
Dr.dr.
Warnerwarner
Schaieschaie
andand
Dr.dr.
Sherrysherry
Williswillis
,,
whowho
arebe
notnot
partpart
ofof
thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
groupgroup
,,
showedshow
thatthat
whilewhile
manymany
peopleperson
diddo
notnot
declinedecline
mentallymentally
inin
anyany
significantsignificant
wayway
withwith
ageage
,,
thosethose
whowho
diddo
declinedecline
couldcould
minimizeminimize
thethe
fallfall
andand
eveneven
improveimprove
theirtheir
cognitivecognitive
functionsfunction
throughthrough
""
intellectualintellectual
""
trainingtraining
oror
doingdo
activitiesactivity
likelike
crosswordcrossword
,,
find-the-wordfind-the-word
andand
jigsawjigsaw
puzzlespuzzle
.
""
Ourour
goalgoal
isbe
toto
increaseincrease
thethe
healthhealth
spanspan
,,
notnot
thethe
lifelife
spanspan
,,
""
Dr.dr.
Rowerowe
saidsay
.
Throughthrough
communitycommunity
studiesstudy
,,
hehe
addedadd
,,
""
ourour
teamteam
hashave
establishedestablish
thatthat
mostmost
oldold
peopleperson
arebe
agingage
veryvery
successfullysuccessfully
""
.
Thethe
researchresearch
showedshow
thatthat
moremore
thanthan
9090
percentpercent
ofof
thosethose
livinglive
outsideoutside
ofof
institutionsinstitution
reportedreport
thatthat
theythey
werebe
notnot
sicksick
.
Basedbase
onon
teststest
ofof
physicalphysical
andand
cognitivecognitive
abilitiesability
developeddevelop
byby
thethe
MacArthurmacarthur
groupgroup
,,
thethe
teamteam
foundfind
thatthat
thethe
vastvast
majoritymajority
werebe
functioningfunction
quitequite
wellwell
.
Byby
repeatedlyrepeatedly
testingtest
peopleperson
overover
aa
periodperiod
ofof
yearsyear
,,
thethe
researchersresearcher
foundfind
thatthat
verbalverbal
intelligenceintelligence
diddo
notnot
necessarilynecessarily
declinedecline
withwith
ageage
,,
butbut
couldcould
actuallyactually
increaseincrease
asas
peopleperson
gotget
olderold
.
Aa
commoncommon
earlyearly
warningwarning
signsign
,,
awakeningawakening
atat
nightnight
withwith
numbingnumbing
,,
tinglingtingling
painspain
engulfingengulf
thethe
handhand
andand
armarm
,,
isbe
rarelyrarely
recognizedrecognize
forfor
whatwhat
itit
isbe
becausebecause
itit
occursoccur
unrelatedunrelated
toto
daytimedaytime
stressstress
.
Thethe
syndromesyndrome
resultsresult
fromfrom
pressurepressure
onon
thethe
medianmedian
nervenerve
,,
wherewhere
itit
,,
ninenine
tendonstendon
andand
aa
numbernumber
ofof
bloodblood
vesselsvessel
passpass
throughthrough
aa
narrownarrow
tunneltunnel
inin
thethe
wristwrist
createdcreate
byby
bonesbone
andand
aa
ligamentligament
.
Physicalphysical
therapiststherapist
,,
orthopedicorthopedic
surgeonssurgeon
andand
ergonomicsergonomics
expertsexpert
havehave
notnot
wastedwaste
anyany
timetime
inin
comingcome
upup
withwith
alternativesalternative
toto
abandoningabandon
thethe
computercomputer
.
Theythey
startstart
withwith
postureposture
.
Nevernever
hashave
sittingsit
upup
straightstraight
,,
withwith
goodgood
supportsupport
forfor
youryour
backback
,,
beenbe
moremuch
importantimportant
.
Poorpoor
postureposture
createscreate
addedadded
stressstress
onon
youryour
armsarm
andand
wristswrist
.
Feetfoot
shouldshould
bebe
flatflat
onon
thethe
floorfloor
,,
elbowselbow
closeclose
toto
thethe
bodybody
,,
forearmsforearm
parallelparallel
toto
thethe
groundground
,,
wristswrist
unbentunbend
andand
notnot
restingrest
onon
anythinganything
andand
handshand
inin
aa
straightstraight
lineline
withwith
thethe
forearmforearm
.
Thethe
computercomputer
screenscreen
shouldshould
bebe
atat
eyeeye
levellevel
oror
requirerequire
nono
moremore
thanthan
aa
15-degree15-degree
downwarddownward
bendbend
ofof
thethe
headhead
.
Frequentfrequent
shortshort
breaksbreak
fromfrom
thethe
computercomputer
arebe
crucialcrucial
::
1515
minutesminute
ofof
restrest
forfor
everyevery
twotwo
hourshour
atat
thethe
keyboardkeyboard
.
Getget
upup
,,
walkwalk
aroundaround
,,
stretchstretch
.
Massagemassage
thethe
palmpalm
sideside
ofof
eacheach
handhand
andand
fingersfinger
withwith
thethe
thumbthumb
ofof
thethe
otherother
handhand
.
Atat
thethe
annualannual
meetingmeeting
ofof
thethe
Americanamerican
Academyacademy
ofof
Orthopedicorthopedic
Surgeonssurgeon
inin
Atlantaatlanta
thisthis
weekweek
,,
Dr.dr.
Houshanghoushang
Seradgeseradge
ofof
thethe
Universityuniversity
ofof
Oklahomaoklahoma
Healthhealth
Sciencesscience
Centercenter
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
aa
five-minutefive-minute
seriesseries
ofof
simplesimple
exercisesexercise
bebe
donedo
atat
thethe
startstart
ofof
eacheach
workwork
shiftshift
andand
afterafter
eacheach
breakbreak
.
Thethe
exercisesexercise
reducereduce
thethe
pressurepressure
inin
thethe
carpalcarpal
tunneltunnel
.
Eacheach
isbe
donedo
forfor
aa
countcount
ofof
fivefive
andand
thethe
seriesseries
isbe
repeatedrepeat
1010
timestime
.
STARTstart
byby
bendingbend
thethe
wristwrist
andand
fingersfinger
upwardupward
((
asas
ifif
inin
aa
handstandhandstand
positionposition
))
,,
thenthen
straightenstraighten
thethe
wristswrist
andand
relaxrelax
thethe
fingersfinger
.
Nextnext
,,
makemake
aa
tighttight
fistfist
withwith
bothboth
handshand
,,
thenthen
bendbend
thethe
wristswrist
downdown
whilewhile
keepingkeep
thethe
fistsfist
,,
thenthen
straightenstraighten
thethe
wristswrist
andand
relaxrelax
thethe
fingersfinger
.
Moremore
generalgeneral
preventivespreventive
includeinclude
maintainingmaintain
aa
normalnormal
bodybody
weightweight
andand
gettingget
regularregular
exerciseexercise
,,
whichwhich
delaydelay
agingaging
ofof
thethe
nervesnerve
.
Whenwhen
itit
comescome
toto
treatmenttreatment
,,
eveneven
surgeonssurgeon
nownow
agreeagree
thatthat
conservativeconservative
therapytherapy
isbe
thethe
bestgood
approachapproach
,,
withwith
surgerysurgery
reservedreserve
forfor
thethe
smallsmall
percentagepercentage
ofof
patientspatient
whowho
dodo
notnot
improveimprove
sufficientlysufficiently
withoutwithout
itit
.
Seradgeseradge
advisesadvise
againstagainst
anyany
useuse
ofof
thethe
injuredinjured
handhand
inin
thethe
firstfirst
weekweek
toto
1010
daysday
ofof
treatmenttreatment
.
Standardstandard
conservativeconservative
treatmenttreatment
,,
whichwhich
lastslast
atat
leastleast
severalseveral
weeksweek
,,
involvesinvolve
wearingwear
aa
wristwrist
bracebrace
andand
splintsplint
,,
especiallyespecially
atat
nightnight
,,
andand
takingtake
ana
anti-inflammatoryanti-inflammatory
medicationmedication
.
Somesome
therapiststherapist
alsoalso
saysay
thatthat
supplementssupplement
ofof
vitaminvitamin
B6b6
--
150150
toto
200200
milligramsmilligram
aa
dayday
--
cancan
sometimessometimes
relieverelieve
thethe
symptomssymptom
ofof
carpalcarpal
tunneltunnel
syndromesyndrome
,,
particularlyparticularly
inin
womenwoman
whowho
arebe
pregnantpregnant
oror
takingtake
birthbirth
controlcontrol
pillspill
andand
whowho
maymay
bebe
deficientdeficient
inin
thisthis
vitaminvitamin
.
--
Byby
Janejane
E.e.
Brodybrody
MEDICINEmedicine
----
ACQUIREDacquired
.
Thethe
largestlarge
studystudy
byby
farfar
ofof
siliconesilicone
breastbreast
implantsimplant
andand
diseasedisease
findsfind
thatthat
,,
ifif
implantsimplant
posepose
anyany
healthhealth
riskrisk
atat
allall
,,
itit
isbe
aa
veryvery
smallsmall
oneone
.
Thethe
long-awaitedlong-awaited
studystudy
,,
howeverhowever
,,
isbe
alreadyalready
beingbe
useduse
byby
bothboth
sidesside
inin
thethe
bitterbitter
controversycontroversy
overover
breastbreast
implantsimplant
,,
withwith
lawyerslawyer
forfor
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
sayingsay
thatthat
itit
provesprove
thethe
devicesdevice
arebe
dangerousdangerous
andand
implantimplant
makersmaker
sayingsay
itit
provesprove
theythey
arebe
safesafe
.
Thethe
studystudy
,,
directeddirect
byby
Dr.dr.
Charlescharles
Hennekenshennekens
,,
aa
leadingleading
epidemiologistepidemiologist
atat
thethe
Brighambrigham
andand
Women'swoman
Hospitalhospital
inin
Bostonboston
,,
involvedinvolve
ana
analysisanalysis
ofof
reportsreport
byby
moremore
thanthan
400,000400,000
womenwoman
workingwork
inin
healthhealth
professionsprofession
,,
manymany
ofof
themthem
inin
nursingnursing
.
Itit
foundfind
thatthat
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
werebe
2424
percentpercent
moremuch
likelylikely
toto
reportreport
thatthat
theythey
hadhave
connective-tissueconnective-tissue
diseasesdisease
thanthan
thosethose
withoutwithout
implantsimplant
.
Thethe
researchersresearcher
askedask
aboutabout
diseasesdisease
diagnoseddiagnose
betweenbetween
19621962
andand
19911991
,,
beforebefore
implantimplant
litigationlitigation
hadhave
becomebecome
aa
juggernautjuggernaut
.
Butbut
thethe
study'sstudy
authorsauthor
andand
independentindependent
scientistsscientist
emphasizeemphasize
thatthat
thethe
datadatum
dodo
notnot
permitpermit
themthem
toto
distinguishdistinguish
reliablyreliably
betweenbetween
aa
smallsmall
riskrisk
andand
nono
riskrisk
.
Thethe
studystudy
diddo
notnot
findfind
thatthat
thethe
riskrisk
ofof
diseasedisease
wasbe
proportionalproportional
toto
thethe
lengthlength
ofof
timetime
aa
womanwoman
hashave
hadhave
ana
implantimplant
,,
whichwhich
putsput
thethe
significancesignificance
ofof
thethe
riskrisk
estimateestimate
inin
questionquestion
,,
somesome
saidsaid
.
Andand
eveneven
ifif
thethe
riskrisk
isbe
realreal
,,
thethe
authorsauthor
calculatecalculate
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
meanmean
onlyonly
oneone
extraextra
casecase
aa
yearyear
ofof
connective-tissueconnective-tissue
diseasedisease
,,
likelike
arthritisarthritis
oror
lupuslupus
,,
forfor
everyevery
3,0003,000
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
.
Aboutabout
11
millionmillion
womenwoman
havehave
thethe
devicesdevice
.
Dr.dr.
Hennekenshennekens
saidsay
thatthat
,,
inin
contrastcontrast
,,
cigarettecigarette
smokingsmoking
increasedincrease
thethe
riskrisk
ofof
lunglung
cancercancer
byby
2,0002,000
percentpercent
.
Whenwhen
hehe
beganbegin
hishis
studystudy
,,
hehe
addedadd
,,
lawyerslawyer
representingrepresent
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
werebe
sayingsay
thatthat
thethe
devicesdevice
increasedincrease
thethe
riskrisk
ofof
connective-tissueconnective-tissue
diseasesdisease
byby
500500
percentpercent
.
Nownow
,,
hehe
saidsay
,,
""
wewe
'vehave
narrowednarrow
thethe
riskrisk
toto
somewheresomewhere
betweenbetween
00
andand
2424
percentpercent
..
""
.
""
Ourour
study'sstudy
greatgreat
contributioncontribution
isbe
toto
showshow
thatthat
thethe
ideaidea
thatthat
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
hadhave
aa
largelarge
hazardhazard
ofof
connective-tissueconnective-tissue
diseasedisease
isbe
notnot
plausibleplausible
,,
""
Dr.dr.
Hennekenshennekens
saidsay
.
Thethe
studystudy
isbe
publishedpublish
inin
Thethe
Journaljournal
ofof
thethe
Americanamerican
Medicalmedical
Associationassociation
.
Dr.dr.
Daviddavid
Kesslerkessler
,,
thethe
commissionercommissioner
ofof
thethe
Foodfood
andand
Drugdrug
Administrationadministration
,,
saidsay
thatthat
,,
forfor
womenwoman
withwith
implantsimplant
,,
""
thethe
riskrisk
ofof
gettingget
aa
seriousserious
diseasedisease
,,
ifif
itit
existsexist
atat
allall
,,
isbe
smallsmall
,,
""
andand
thatthat
thethe
newnew
studystudy
hadhave
confirmedconfirm
thisthis
conclusionconclusion
.
Butbut
hehe
addedadd
,,
""
Therethere
maymay
,,
andand
Ii
underlineunderline
thethe
wordword
maymay
,,
bebe
aa
smallsmall
butbut
statisticallystatistically
significantsignificant
riskrisk
ofof
connective-tissueconnective-tissue
diseasedisease
""
.
Alanalan
Truscotttruscott
.
EACHeach
cardcard
hashave
aa
delightfuldelightful
storystory
toto
telltell
inin
""
Rightright
Throughthrough
thethe
Packpack
""
byby
Robertrobert
Daryasdaryas
andand
Normannorman
dede
Verevere
Harthart
.
Oneone
pairpair
inin
aa
matchmatch
reachedreach
thethe
reasonablereasonable
contractcontract
ofof
fourfour
spadesspade
,,
ratherrather
thanthan
thethe
obviousobvious
threethree
no-trumpno-trump
.
Westwest
wasbe
allowedallow
toto
winwin
thethe
firstfirst
tricktrick
withwith
thethe
diamonddiamond
kingking
,,
andand
shiftedshift
toto
aa
heartheart
.
Southsouth
finessedfinesse
,,
losinglose
toto
thethe
storytellingstorytelling
kingking
,,
andand
aa
diamonddiamond
wasbe
returnedreturn
.
Southsouth
wonwin
withwith
thethe
aceace
andand
triedtry
toto
reachreach
thethe
dummydummy
byby
overtakingovertake
thethe
heartheart
queenqueen
withwith
thethe
aceace
.
Easteast
ruffedruff
andand
ledlead
aa
diamonddiamond
,,
andand
Southsouth
foundfind
himselfhimself
downdown
twotwo
,,
forfor
hehe
couldcould
notnot
reachreach
thethe
dummydummy
forfor
aa
trumptrump
finessefinesse
.
Inin
thethe
replayreplay
,,
byby
biddingbidding
thatthat
isbe
notnot
fitfit
toto
printprint
,,
twotwo
youngyoung
playersplayer
climbedclimb
toto
thethe
ridiculousridiculous
contractcontract
ofof
sevenseven
spadesspade
.
Againagain
,,
thethe
leadlead
wasbe
thethe
diamonddiamond
kingking
,,
andand
Southsouth
hadhave
toto
winwin
.
Hehe
ledlead
thethe
heartheart
queenqueen
andand
Westwest
playedplay
lowlow
.
Itit
thenthen
occurredoccur
toto
Southsouth
thatthat
aa
winningwinning
finessefinesse
wouldwould
notnot
helphelp
himhim
,,
forfor
hehe
stillstill
wouldwould
notnot
makemake
1313
trickstrick
.
Hehe
thereforetherefore
putput
upup
thethe
aceace
inin
dummydummy
,,
aa
longlong
shotshot
ofof
longlong
shotsshot
,,
andand
thethe
storytellerstoryteller
appearedappear
onon
hishis
rightright
.
Nownow
hehe
ledlead
thethe
spadespade
queenqueen
forfor
aa
finessefinesse
andand
wasbe
ableable
toto
drawdraw
trumpstrump
.
Southsouth
ledlead
oneone
moremore
trumptrump
andand
hishis
clubclub
winnerswinner
,,
reachingreach
ana
endingending
inin
whichwhich
Westwest
wasbe
tryingtry
toto
guardguard
bothboth
redred
suitssuit
.
Thethe
lastlast
trumptrump
forcedforce
himhim
toto
discarddiscard
eithereither
thethe
diamonddiamond
queenqueen
,,
allowingallow
thethe
jackjack
toto
scorescore
,,
oror
aa
heartheart
,,
allowingallow
dummydummy
toto
taketake
threethree
heartheart
trickstrick
withwith
thethe
helphelp
ofof
aa
markedmarked
finessefinesse
againstagainst
thethe
tenten
.
Tommasotommaso
Padoa-Schioppapadoa-schioppa
,,
deputydeputy
director-generaldirector-general
ofof
thethe
Bankbank
ofof
Italyitaly
,,
isbe
rereadingreread
""
Wildwild
Swansswan
""
byby
Jungjung
Changchang
.
""
Ii
lovelove
thisthis
bookbook
.
Ii
havehave
probablyprobably
givengive
awayaway
100100
copiescopy
ofof
itit
byby
nownow
toto
friendsfriend
andand
colleaguescolleague
.
Moremore
thanthan
anyany
otherother
bookbook
,,
itit
givesgive
youyou
ana
understandingunderstanding
ofof
whatwhat
Chinachina
hashave
gonego
throughthrough
inin
recentrecent
decadesdecade
..
""
.
((
Erikerik
Ipsenipsen
,,
IHTiht
))
Asas
Continentalcontinental
rivalsrival
sagsag
beneathbeneath
thethe
burdenburden
ofof
militarymilitary
budgetbudget
cutscut
andand
highhigh
productionproduction
costscost
,,
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
PLCplc
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
presentpresent
aa
contrastingcontrasting
picturepicture
whenwhen
itit
releasesrelease
itsits
resultsresult
onon
Thursdaythursday
.
Thethe
Britishbritish
aviation-and-defenseaviation-and-defense
companycompany
isbe
expectedexpect
postpost
aa
hugehuge
increaseincrease
inin
19951995
pretaxpretax
profitprofit
ofof
aboutabout
œpound
325325
millionmillion
,,
accordingaccord
toto
analysts'analyst
estimatesestimate
.
Inin
19941994
,,
thethe
companycompany
returnedreturn
toto
profitprofit
andand
earnedearned
œ211œ211
millionmillion
beforebefore
taxestax
asas
itsits
defensedefense
businessbusiness
strengthenedstrengthen
andand
costscost
werebe
cutcut
.
Analystsanalyst
attributedattribute
thethe
expectedexpected
riserise
inin
19951995
profitprofit
toto
strongstrong
ordersorder
andand
lowerlow
costscost
inin
itsits
defensedefense
businessbusiness
andand
aa
narrowednarrowed
lossesloss
inin
itsits
commercialcommercial
aviationaviation
divisiondivision
.
Zafarzafar
Khankhan
,,
ana
analystanalyst
forfor
Societesociete
Generalegenerale
Straussstrauss
Turnbullturnbull
,,
saidsay
,,
""
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
hashave
beenbe
wieldingwield
aa
sharpersharp
knifeknife
andand
forfor
farfar
longerlong
thanthan
itsits
Continentalcontinental
rivalsrival
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Byby
19951995
,,
thethe
companycompany
hadhave
slashedslash
itsits
workwork
forceforce
toto
45,00045,000
fromfrom
133,000133,000
inin
19881988
.
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
hadhave
littlelittle
choicechoice
.
Inin
19921992
,,
thethe
companycompany
,,
thenthen
aa
cars-to-real-estate-to-missilecars-to-real
conglomerateconglomerate
,,
nearlynearly
wentgo
bustbust
.
Forfor
everyevery
poundpound
ofof
profitprofit
itit
tooktake
inin
onon
itsits
defensedefense
businessbusiness
,,
itit
lostlose
9696
pencepenny
onon
itsits
civilcivil
aviationaviation
sideside
.
Thethe
salesale
ofof
itsits
carmakingcarmaking
unitunit
,,
Roverrover
ofof
Britainbritain
,,
inin
19941994
,,
andand
itsits
departuredeparture
fromfrom
corporatecorporate
jetjet
manufacturingmanufacturing
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
aa
rigorousrigorous
pruningpruning
ofof
costscost
acrossacross
thethe
boardboard
havehave
mademake
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
ana
exampleexample
ofof
thethe
virtuesvirtue
ofof
corporatecorporate
focusfocus
andand
leannessleanness
.
Thethe
situationsituation
isbe
differentdifferent
atat
itsits
Frenchfrench
andand
Germangerman
competitorscompetitor
.
Twotwo
monthsmonth
agoago
Daimler-Benzdaimler-benz
AGag
,,
draggeddrag
downdown
largelylargely
byby
itsits
aerospaceaerospace
armarm
,,
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
postpost
aa
recordrecord
lossloss
inin
19951995
ofof
66
billionbillion
Deutschedeutsche
marksmark
((
$$
4.144.14
billionbillion
))
.
Thethe
Germangerman
conglomerateconglomerate
alsoalso
abandonedabandon
Fokkerfokker
NVnv
,,
itsits
money-losingmoney-losing
Dutchdutch
aircraftaircraft
subsidiarysubsidiary
.
Meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
lastlast
weekweek
thethe
Frenchfrench
governmentgovernment
unveiledunveil
aa
radicalradical
restructuringrestructuring
ofof
itsits
troubledtroubled
aircraftaircraft
manufacturingmanufacturing
sectorsector
underunder
whichwhich
Aerospatialeaerospatiale
andand
Dassaultdassault
arebe
toto
bebe
mergedmerge
.
Analystsanalyst
saidsay
thatthat
Germanygermany
andand
Francefrance
facedface
consolidationconsolidation
andand
cost-cuttingcost-cutting
ifif
theythey
arebe
toto
survivesurvive
.
""
Thethe
Continentalscontinental
havehave
tendedtend
toto
runrun
theirtheir
defensedefense
industriesindustry
asas
job-creationjob-creation
schemesscheme
,,
""
saidsay
Cliveclive
Forestier-Walkerforestier-walker
,,
ana
analystanalyst
withwith
Charterhousecharterhouse
Tilneytilney
Securitiessecurity
.
Hehe
saidsay
thatthat
onlyonly
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
,,
amongamong
thethe
fourfour
membersmember
ofof
thethe
Airbusairbus
consortiumconsortium
,,
actuallyactually
makesmake
moneymoney
onon
itit
.
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
designsdesign
andand
makesmake
thethe
wingswing
forfor
Airbusairbus
jetsjet
andand
ownsown
2020
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
groupgroup
.
Daimler-Benzdaimler-benz
andand
Aerospatialeaerospatiale
eacheach
ownown
37.537.5
perper
centcent
ofof
Airbusairbus
,,
withwith
thethe
restrest
inin
thethe
handshand
ofof
Construccionesconstrucciones
Aeronauticasaeronauticas
SAsa
ofof
Spainspain
.
Peterpeter
Deightondeighton
ofof
Merrillmerrill
Lynchlynch
&&
Co.co.
forecastsforecast
19951995
defensedefense
profitprofit
ofof
œpound
485485
millionmillion
,,
upup
fromfrom
œpound
412412
millionmillion
thethe
previousprevious
yearyear
.
Lossesloss
inin
thethe
commercialcommercial
aircraftaircraft
divisiondivision
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
narrownarrow
toto
œpound
120120
millionmillion
fromfrom
œpound
156156
millionmillion
.
Butbut
somesome
observersobserver
saysay
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
isbe
ana
exampleexample
ofof
aa
companycompany
thatthat
hashave
returnedreturn
toto
profitprofit
byby
doingdo
lessless
andand
employingemploy
fewerfewer
workersworker
,,
ratherrather
thanthan
byby
growinggrow
.
Atat
thethe
startstart
ofof
thethe
decadedecade
,,
salessale
totaledtotal
œpound
10.5œ10.5
billionbillion
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
œpound
6.8œ6.8
billionbillion
inin
19951995
.
""
Wewe
inin
Britainbritain
havehave
beenbe
brilliantbrilliant
atat
shrinkingshrink
,,
butbut
atat
somesome
stagestage
wewe
mustmust
gogo
thethe
otherother
wayway
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Khankhan
saidsay
.
""
Whenwhen
youyou
shrinkshrink
,,
itit
createscreate
opportunitiesopportunity
forfor
thethe
competitioncompetition
""
.
Compagniecompagnie
FinanciŠrefinanciŠre
dede
Paribasparibas
SAsa
sufferedsuffer
itsits
biggestbig
lossloss
everever
inin
19951995
asas
itit
tooktake
chargescharge
againstagainst
badbad
realreal
estateestate
andand
loansloan
.
Paribasparibas
hadhave
aa
lossloss
ofof
3.993.99
billionbillion
Frenchfrench
francsfranc
((
$dollar
800800
millionmillion
))
inin
19951995
.
Thethe
financialfinancial
firmfirm
reportedreport
aa
netnet
profitprofit
ofof
1.71.7
billionbillion
francsfranc
inin
19941994
.
Thethe
lossloss
isbe
thethe
124-year-old124-year-old
company'scompany
largestlarge
sincesince
itit
wasbe
soldsell
toto
thethe
publicpublic
inin
19871987
,,
exceedingexceed
thethe
184184
million-francmillion-franc
deficitdeficit
postedpost
inin
19911991
.
Thethe
19951995
lossloss
reflectsreflect
5.55.5
billionbillion
francsfranc
inin
provisionsprovision
,,
includinginclude
2.12.1
billionbillion
francsfranc
forfor
Compagniecompagnie
dede
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
,,
aa
conglomerateconglomerate
withwith
financialfinancial
andand
industrialindustrial
interestsinterest
.
""
Wewe
decideddecide
wewe
hadhave
toto
dodo
somethingsomething
aboutabout
aa
certaincertain
numbernumber
ofof
problematicproblematic
situationssituation
::
Cr‚ditcr‚dit
dudu
Nordnord
,,
Cogedimcogedim
andand
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
,,
""
saidsay
thethe
company'scompany
chairmanchairman
,,
Andr‚andr‚
L‚vy-Langl‚vy-lang
,,
referringrefer
toto
thethe
provisionsprovision
andand
chargescharge
takentake
.
Butbut
hehe
saidsay
hehe
expectedexpect
Paribasparibas
toto
bebe
profitableprofitable
thisthis
yearyear
.
Thethe
companycompany
intendsintend
toto
sellsell
1515
billionbillion
francsfranc
ofof
assetsasset
overover
thethe
nextnext
threethree
yearsyear
.
Afterafter
thethe
lossloss
wasbe
announcedannounce
,,
Standardstandard
&&
Poor'spoor
Corp.corp.
saidsay
thatthat
itit
hadhave
putput
Compagniecompagnie
FinanciŠrefinanciŠre
dede
Paribasparibas
,,
Banquebanque
Paribasparibas
andand
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
onon
itsits
CreditWatchcreditwatch
listlist
ofof
issuersissuer
whosewhose
ratingsrating
maymay
changechange
,,
withwith
negativenegative
implicationsimplication
.
""
Thisthis
actionaction
reflectsreflect
thethe
fallingfalling
operatingoperating
profitabilityprofitability
ofof
Banquebanque
Paribasparibas
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
thethe
continuingcontinuing
impactimpact
ofof
thethe
declinedecline
inin
thethe
Frenchfrench
commercialcommercial
propertyproperty
marketmarket
onon
thethe
Paribasparibas
groupgroup
asas
aa
wholewhole
,,
""
Ss
&&
Pp
saidsay
.
Realreal
estateestate
costcost
thethe
Paribasparibas
groupgroup
1313
billionbillion
francsfranc
sincesince
thethe
marketmarket
startedstart
toto
declinedecline
inin
19911991
.
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
hashave
costcost
itit
66
billionbillion
francsfranc
.
Mr.mr.
L‚vy-Langl‚vy-lang
saidsay
hehe
hadhave
nono
plansplan
toto
resignresign
thisthis
yearyear
.
Hehe
hadhave
comecome
underunder
pressurepressure
asas
thethe
marketmarket
valuevalue
ofof
Paribasparibas
,,
aboutabout
$dollar
66
billionbillion
,,
isbe
aboutabout
halfhalf
thethe
company'scompany
bookbook
valuevalue
.
Thethe
companycompany
willwill
maintainmaintain
aa
dividenddividend
ofof
1212
francsfranc
aa
shareshare
.
Paribasparibas
saidsay
thethe
lossesloss
werebe
""
duedue
toto
thethe
decisiondecision
toto
allocateallocate
provisionsprovision
toto
threethree
specificspecific
itemsitem
,,
whichwhich
willwill
nono
longerlong
limitlimit
thethe
group'sgroup
futurefuture
profitabilityprofitability
..
""
.
Excludingexclude
thesethese
itemsitem
,,
Paribasparibas
saidsay
itit
hadhave
incomeincome
fromfrom
currentcurrent
operationsoperation
ofof
1.511.51
billionbillion
francsfranc
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
2.92.9
billionbillion
inin
19941994
.
Ingridingrid
Beliardbeliard
ofof
Kleinwortkleinwort
Bensonbenson
Francefrance
saidsay
thatthat
Paribas'sparibas
movemove
toto
putput
thethe
problemsproblem
behindbehind
itit
byby
takingtake
largelarge
provisionsprovision
wouldwould
bebe
receivedreceive
favorablyfavorably
byby
investorsinvestor
.
Itsits
sharesshare
werebe
suspendedsuspend
Wednesdaywednesday
becausebecause
ofof
itsits
announcementannouncement
itit
wasbe
biddingbid
forfor
allall
ofof
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
.
Itsits
sharesshare
werebe
suspendedsuspend
Wednesdaywednesday
becausebecause
ofof
itsits
announcementannouncement
itit
wasbe
biddingbid
forfor
allall
ofof
Navigationnavigation
Mixtemixte
.
PARIBASparibas
SAsa
,,
COMPAGNIEcompagnie
FINANCIŠREfinanciŠre
.
Aseaasea
Brownbrown
Boveriboveri
Ltd.ltd.
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
19951995
netnet
profitprofit
surgedsurge
7373
percentpercent
,,
beatingbeat
expectationsexpectation
,,
asas
cost-cuttingcost-cutting
andand
risingrising
salessale
buoyedbuoy
thethe
construction-and-machineryconstruction-and-machinery
company'scompany
operatingoperating
marginsmargin
.
Percypercy
Barnevikbarnevik
,,
thethe
company'scompany
newnew
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
,,
toldtell
journalistsjournalist
thatthat
rapidrapid
expansionexpansion
inin
Asiaasia
andand
successessuccess
inin
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
hadhave
alsoalso
buoyedbuoy
resultsresult
.
Netnet
profitprofit
roserise
toto
$dollar
1.31.3
billionbillion
inin
19951995
,,
fromfrom
$$
760760
millionmillion
,,
andand
ABBabb
saidsay
itit
expectedexpect
thethe
thirdthird
straightstraight
earningsearning
riserise
inin
19961996
asas
higherhigh
salessale
andand
costcost
cutscut
continuecontinue
toto
boostboost
netnet
profitprofit
.
ABB'sabb
operatingoperating
profitprofit
roserise
2525
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
3.28$3.28
billionbillion
.
Profitprofit
wasbe
boostedboost
byby
aa
one-timeone-time
gaingain
ofof
$dollar
250250
millionmillion
fromfrom
aa
railrail
jointjoint
ventureventure
withwith
Daimler-Benzdaimler-benz
AGag
.
Thethe
Swiss-Swedishswiss-swedish
companycompany
alsoalso
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
mergemerge
thethe
boardsboard
ofof
itsits
parentparent
companiescompany
,,
Brownbrown
Boveriboveri
Corp.corp.
andand
Aseaasea
ABab
,,
extendingextend
aa
reorganizationreorganization
thatthat
beganbegin
withwith
ABB'sabb
formationformation
inin
19881988
andand
pavingpave
thethe
wayway
forfor
aa
singlesingle
shareshare
.
ABBabb
notednote
thatthat
pretaxpretax
profitprofit
roserise
4646
percentpercent
toto
2.12.1
billionbillion
francsfranc
.
Netnet
profitprofit
roserise
moremuch
thanthan
pretaxpretax
becausebecause
thethe
taxtax
raterate
fellfall
toto
3737
percentpercent
inin
19951995
fromfrom
aboveabove
4040
percentpercent
.
ABBabb
isbe
oneone
ofof
thethe
fewfew
Europeaneuropean
companiescompany
toto
reportreport
inin
dollarsdollar
.
Newnew
ordersorder
roserise
1414
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
36.236.2
billionbillion
,,
whilewhile
salessale
roserise
1414
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
33.733.7
billionbillion
,,
ABBabb
saidsay
.
Thethe
orderorder
backlogbacklog
atat
thethe
endend
ofof
19951995
roserise
66
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
33.533.5
billionbillion
.
Marginsmargin
improvedimprove
mostmost
inin
thethe
Americasamericas
,,
risingrise
toto
7.97.9
percentpercent
fromfrom
5.85.8
percentpercent
,,
whilewhile
Europeaneuropean
marginsmargin
roserise
toto
9.99.9
percentpercent
fromfrom
9.39.3
percentpercent
andand
Asianasian
marginsmargin
toto
7.47.4
percentpercent
fromfrom
7.27.2
percentpercent
.
ABBabb
reorganizedreorganize
itsits
Europeaneuropean
andand
U.S.u.s.
operationsoperation
inin
19931993
andand
reducedreduce
costscost
byby
movingmove
jobsjob
toto
Easterneastern
Europeeurope
andand
Asiaasia
.
France'sfrance
economyeconomy
shrankshrink
inin
thethe
fourthfourth
quarterquarter
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
almostalmost
threethree
yearsyear
,,
thethe
governmentgovernment
discloseddisclose
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
asas
public-sectorpublic-sector
strikesstrike
furtherfar
depresseddepress
consumerconsumer
spendingspending
.
Outputoutput
measuredmeasure
byby
grossgross
domesticdomestic
productproduct
shrankshrink
0.30.3
percentpercent
,,
resultingresult
inin
growthgrowth
forfor
19951995
ofof
2.42.4
percentpercent
,,
downdown
fromfrom
2.92.9
percentpercent
inin
19941994
.
Thethe
quarterlyquarterly
fallfall
inin
GDPgdp
,,
thethe
firstfirst
sincesince
thethe
firstfirst
quarterquarter
ofof
19931993
,,
wasbe
alsoalso
attributedattribute
toto
risingrising
taxestax
andand
joblessnessjoblessness
.
Inseeinsee
,,
thethe
nationalnational
statisticalstatistical
officeoffice
,,
estimatedestimate
thatthat
strikesstrike
latelate
inin
thethe
yearyear
thatthat
crippledcripple
thethe
transportationtransportation
systemsystem
andand
keptkeep
shoppersshopper
atat
homehome
hadhave
reducedreduce
GDPgdp
inin
thethe
fourthfourth
quarterquarter
byby
0.30.3
percentpercent
oror
0.40.4
percentpercent
--
meaningmean
thatthat
otherwiseotherwise
,,
GDPgdp
wouldwould
havehave
beenbe
aboutabout
unchangedunchanged
onon
thethe
quarterquarter
.
Separatelyseparately
,,
thethe
state-ownedstate-owned
utilityutility
El‚ctricit‚el‚ctricit‚
dede
Francefrance
saidsay
warmwarm
weatherweather
,,
aa
2121
percentpercent
riserise
inin
taxestax
andand
thethe
economiceconomic
slowdownslowdown
contributedcontribute
toto
aa
1616
percentpercent
fallfall
inin
19951995
profitprofit
,,
toto
2.72.7
billionbillion
francsfranc
.
Edmondedmond
Alphand‚ryalphand‚ry
,,
thethe
formerformer
financefinance
ministerminister
whowho
tooktake
thethe
toptop
jobjob
atat
EDFedf
lastlast
yearyear
,,
saidsay
thethe
companycompany
wouldwould
delaydelay
byby
severalseveral
monthsmonth
aa
three-yearthree-year
restructuringrestructuring
planplan
toto
allowallow
moremore
timetime
forfor
talkstalk
withwith
unionsunion
.
Shoppersshopper
flockflock
toto
thethe
fourfour
L.L.L.L.
Beanbean
storesstore
inin
Japanjapan
forfor
thethe
latestlate
inin
ruggedrugged
Americanamerican
fashionsfashion
;;
andand
withwith
eacheach
salesale
ofof
aa
parkaparka
oror
pairpair
ofof
bootsboot
,,
Matsushitamatsushita
Electricelectric
Industrialindustrial
Co.co.
chalkschalk
upup
anotheranother
importimport
.
Matsushitamatsushita
,,
thethe
makermaker
ofof
Panasonicpanasonic
electronicselectronics
productsproduct
,,
openedopen
thethe
L.L.L.L.
Beanbean
shopsshop
inin
Japanjapan
asas
partpart
ofof
aa
five-yearfive-year
programprogram
,,
begunbegin
inin
19881988
,,
toto
reducereduce
itsits
contributioncontribution
toto
Japan'sjapan
tradetrade
surplussurplus
.
Besidesbesides
Beanbean
geargear
,,
Matsushitamatsushita
alsoalso
importsimport
Famousfamous
Grousegrouse
Scotchscotch
,,
Schweppesschweppes
beveragebeverage
concentrateconcentrate
andand
otherother
productsproduct
unrelatedunrelated
toto
thethe
electronicselectronics
businessbusiness
toto
increaseincrease
itsits
importsimport
.
Butbut
thethe
five-yearfive-year
programprogram
wasbe
largelylargely
aa
bustbust
.
Matsushita'smatsushita
tradetrade
surplussurplus
--
itsits
exportsexport
fromfrom
Japanjapan
minusminus
itsits
importsimport
--
droppeddrop
onlyonly
44
percentpercent
byby
19931993
,,
toto
1.111.11
trilliontrillion
yenyen
((
$dollar
10.610.6
billionbillion
))
.
Thethe
company'scompany
tradetrade
surplussurplus
withwith
Northnorth
Americaamerica
,,
howeverhowever
,,
declineddecline
steadilysteadily
overover
thethe
periodperiod
,,
fallingfall
byby
moremore
thanthan
one-thirdone-third
,,
toto
$dollar
2.92.9
billionbillion
,,
byby
19931993
.
Thatthat
isbe
aa
resultresult
ofof
thethe
strongstrong
yenyen
,,
whichwhich
hashave
causedcause
manymany
ofof
thethe
productsproduct
Matsushitamatsushita
onceonce
sentsend
toto
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
fromfrom
Japanjapan
toto
bebe
replacedreplace
byby
productsproduct
mademake
inin
Matsushitamatsushita
factoriesfactory
inin
Southeastsoutheast
Asiaasia
oror
mademake
inin
Americaamerica
.
Thatthat
trendtrend
continuedcontinue
inin
thethe
pastpast
twotwo
yearsyear
,,
afterafter
thethe
five-yearfive-year
planplan
endedend
,,
furtherfurther
reducingreduce
thethe
company'scompany
tradetrade
deficitdeficit
withwith
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
Meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
Matsushitamatsushita
sendssend
componentscomponent
fromfrom
Japanjapan
toto
thosethose
factoriesfactory
,,
keepingkeep
itsits
totaltotal
exportsexport
highhigh
.
Aa
closeclose
looklook
atat
Matsushita'smatsushita
importimport
andand
exportexport
patternspattern
,,
mademake
possiblepossible
byby
thethe
company'scompany
willingnesswillingness
toto
releaserelease
figuresfigure
fromfrom
itsits
five-yearfive-year
planplan
,,
showsshow
whatwhat
movesmove
Japanesejapanese
companiescompany
asas
manufacturersmanufacturer
andand
exportersexporter
.
Butbut
lookinglook
atat
oneone
company'scompany
tradetrade
patternspattern
cancan
bebe
instructiveinstructive
forfor
anotheranother
reasonreason
asas
wellwell
::
becausebecause
aa
bigbig
portionportion
ofof
internationalinternational
tradetrade
consistsconsist
ofof
movementsmovement
ofof
goodsgoods
betweenbetween
twotwo
partspart
ofof
thethe
samesame
multinationalmultinational
companycompany
.
""
Thethe
U.S.u.s.
deficitdeficit
withwith
Japanjapan
isbe
decliningdecline
,,
""
saidsay
Clydeclyde
Prestowitzprestowitz
,,
presidentpresident
ofof
thethe
Economiceconomic
Strategystrategy
Instituteinstitute
inin
Washingtonwashington
,,
aa
groupgroup
thatthat
arguesargue
forfor
aa
toughtough
Unitedunited
Statesstates
tradetrade
policypolicy
,,
butbut
""
thethe
U.S.u.s.
deficitdeficit
withwith
Japanesejapanese
companiescompany
isbe
remainingremain
muchmuch
thethe
samesame
..
""
.
Mostmost
ofof
Matsushita'smatsushita
importsimport
,,
whichwhich
havehave
risenrise
sharplysharply
inin
recentrecent
yearsyear
,,
comecome
eithereither
fromfrom
thethe
company'scompany
ownown
factoriesfactory
outsideoutside
Japanjapan
oror
fromfrom
overseasoverseas
factoriesfactory
ofof
Japanesejapanese
partspart
supplierssupplier
.
One-fifthone-fifth
ofof
thethe
companycompany
''
ss
importsimport
arebe
goodsgoods
likelike
bootsboot
andand
Scotchscotch
thatthat
havehave
nothingnothing
toto
dodo
withwith
electronicselectronics
.
Matsushita'smatsushita
experienceexperience
alsoalso
offersoffer
somesome
lessonslesson
forfor
America'samerica
tradetrade
policypolicy
nownow
thatthat
protectionismprotectionism
hashave
becomebecome
ana
issueissue
inin
itsits
electionelection
campaigncampaign
.
Oneone
lessonlesson
isbe
thatthat
simplysimply
imposingimpose
aa
1010
percentpercent
tarifftariff
onon
importsimport
fromfrom
Japanjapan
,,
asas
proposedpropose
byby
thethe
Republicanrepublican
candidatecandidate
Patpat
Buchananbuchanan
,,
wouldwould
dodo
littlelittle
toto
shutshut
offoff
thethe
flowflow
ofof
Japanesejapanese
goodsgoods
.
""
Companiescompany
likelike
Matsushitamatsushita
thatthat
havehave
operationsoperation
allall
overover
thethe
worldworld
havehave
effectivelyeffectively
hedgedhedge
againstagainst
gunboatgunboat
diplomacydiplomacy
suchsuch
asas
Buchananbuchanan
isbe
advocatingadvocate
,,
""
saidsay
Jeffreyjeffrey
E.e.
Gartengarten
,,
deandean
ofof
thethe
Yaleyale
Schoolschool
ofof
Managementmanagement
andand
formerformer
undersecretaryundersecretary
ofof
commercecommerce
.
((
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
,,
howeverhowever
,,
hashave
calledcall
forfor
tariffstariff
againstagainst
developingdeveloping
nationsnation
asas
well.well
))
.
Anotheranother
lessonlesson
isbe
thatthat
thethe
riserise
ofof
thethe
yenyen
hashave
beenbe
moremuch
effectiveeffective
thanthan
tradetrade
pressurespressure
inin
reducingreduce
Matsushita'smatsushita
tradetrade
surplussurplus
.
Thethe
highhigh
yenyen
mademake
itit
aa
mattermatter
ofof
profitsprofit
,,
ratherrather
thanthan
politicspolitics
,,
forfor
Matsushitamatsushita
toto
increaseincrease
importsimport
andand
reducereduce
exportsexport
.
""
Wewe
useduse
toto
needneed
aa
corporatecorporate
cheerleadercheerleader
""
toto
increaseincrease
importsimport
,,
saidsay
Yoichiyoichi
Miyatamiyata
,,
ana
officialofficial
inin
Matsushita'smatsushita
corporatecorporate
planningplanning
officeoffice
.
""
Butbut
nownow
wewe
dodo
n'tnot
needneed
thatthat
anymoreanymore
""
.
Matsushita'smatsushita
globalglobal
tradetrade
surplussurplus
,,
whichwhich
barelybarely
budgedbudge
duringduring
thethe
five-yearfive-year
planplan
,,
hashave
droppeddrop
2020
percentpercent
,,
toto
aa
projectedprojected
890890
billionbillion
yenyen
,,
inin
thethe
twotwo
yearsyear
sincesince
thethe
endend
ofof
thethe
planplan
--
aa
periodperiod
inin
whichwhich
thethe
yenyen
soaredsoar
.
Thethe
samesame
isbe
truetrue
forfor
Japanjapan
asas
aa
wholewhole
::
Itsits
tradetrade
surplussurplus
withwith
thethe
worldworld
andand
withwith
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
shrankshrink
inin
19951995
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
fivefive
yearsyear
.
C.c.
Fredfred
Bergstenbergsten
,,
directordirector
ofof
thethe
Instituteinstitute
forfor
Internationalinternational
Economicseconomics
inin
Washingtonwashington
,,
saidsay
Matsushita'smatsushita
responseresponse
toto
thethe
strongstrong
yenyen
arguedargue
againstagainst
thethe
needneed
forfor
thethe
tacticstactic
proposedpropose
byby
Mr.mr.
Buchananbuchanan
.
""
Ii
thinkthink
thisthis
addsadd
toto
thethe
casecase
thatthat
hehe
isbe
nuttynutty
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Bergstenbergsten
saidsay
.
""
Thisthis
showsshow
thatthat
thethe
adjustmentadjustment
isbe
happeninghappen
withoutwithout
anyany
ofof
thatthat
""
.
Manymany
ofof
Japan'sjapan
largestlarge
companiescompany
,,
promptedprompt
byby
Japan'sjapan
governmentgovernment
,,
announcedannounce
voluntaryvoluntary
plansplan
inin
thethe
latelate
1980s1980s
toto
helphelp
reducereduce
tradetrade
tensionstension
.
Matsushita'smatsushita
releaserelease
ofof
itsits
tradetrade
figuresfigure
providesprovide
aa
windowwindow
onon
thethe
effectivenesseffectiveness
ofof
suchsuch
plansplan
.
Whenwhen
Matsushitamatsushita
announcedannounce
itsits
five-yearfive-year
planplan
inin
19881988
,,
itit
importedimport
onlyonly
5.75.7
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
partspart
useduse
inin
itsits
Japanesejapanese
factoriesfactory
.
""
Inin
19881988
wewe
importedimport
virtuallyvirtually
nothingnothing
exceptexcept
somesome
semiconductorssemiconductor
,,
""
saidsay
Toshihikotoshihiko
Murotamurota
,,
managingmanaging
directordirector
ofof
Matsushitamatsushita
Communicationcommunication
Industrialindustrial
Co.co.
,,
aa
subsidiarysubsidiary
thatthat
makesmake
telephonestelephone
andand
carcar
audioaudio
equipmentequipment
.
""
Wewe
diddo
n'tnot
havehave
consciousnessconsciousness
ofof
thethe
needneed
toto
importimport
""
.
Tightlytightly
focusedfocused
tradetrade
pressurepressure
toto
increaseincrease
U.S.u.s.
salessale
inin
Japanjapan
cancan
makemake
aa
differencedifference
.
Matsushitamatsushita
executivesexecutive
saidsay
inin
interviewsinterview
thatthat
thethe
19861986
semiconductorsemiconductor
tradetrade
agreementagreement
betweenbetween
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
Japanjapan
wasbe
instrumentalinstrumental
inin
promptingprompt
thethe
companycompany
toto
considerconsider
U.S.u.s.
chipschip
.
Thethe
agreementagreement
setset
asas
aa
goalgoal
thatthat
2020
percentpercent
ofof
Japan'sjapan
semiconductorsemiconductor
marketmarket
wouldwould
bebe
suppliedsupply
byby
foreignforeign
chipmakerschipmaker
byby
mid-1991mid-1991
.
Alexanderalexander
Kazakovkazakov
,,
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Statestate
Propertyproperty
Committeecommittee
,,
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
Russiarussia
wouldwould
slowslow
thethe
pacepace
ofof
privatizationprivatization
toto
concentrateconcentrate
onon
managingmanage
ratherrather
thanthan
sellingsell
offoff
statestate
propertyproperty
.
Mr.mr.
Kazakovkazakov
,,
alsoalso
aa
deputydeputy
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
saidsay
thethe
committeecommittee
wouldwould
focusfocus
onon
developingdevelop
thethe
shareshare
marketmarket
,,
protectingprotect
shareholders'shareholder
rightsright
andand
managingmanage
statestate
propertyproperty
.
Privatizationprivatization
hashave
comecome
underunder
firefire
recentlyrecently
,,
particularlyparticularly
dealsdeal
mademake
lastlast
yearyear
inin
whichwhich
sharesshare
inin
statestate
companiescompany
werebe
exchangedexchange
forfor
loansloan
toto
thethe
governmentgovernment
.
Somesome
criticscritic
accusedaccuse
thethe
governmentgovernment
ofof
sellingsell
offoff
""
crown-jewelcrown-jewel
""
industrialindustrial
holdingsholding
tootoo
cheaplycheaply
,,
andand
therethere
wasbe
aa
widespreadwidespread
feelingfeeling
thethe
shares-for-loansshares-for-loan
auctionsauction
werebe
unfairunfair
.
Thethe
communist-dominatedcommunist-dominated
Statestate
Dumaduma
,,
oror
lowerlow
househouse
ofof
parliamentparliament
,,
setset
upup
aa
commissioncommission
lastlast
monthmonth
toto
reviewreview
thethe
resultsresult
ofof
privatizationprivatization
,,
includinginclude
thethe
shares-for-loansshares-for-loan
dealsdeal
.
Mr.mr.
Kazakov'skazakov
announcementannouncement
comescome
oneone
weekweek
afterafter
thethe
Internationalinternational
Monetarymonetary
Fundfund
agreedagree
toto
loanloan
Russiarussia
$dollar
10.110.1
billionbillion
overover
threethree
yearsyear
onon
conditioncondition
thatthat
,,
amongamong
otherother
thingsthing
,,
itit
keepskeep
itsits
budgetbudget
deficitdeficit
underunder
controlcontrol
.
Itit
alsoalso
comescome
withwith
Presidentpresident
Borisboris
Yeltsinyeltsin
trailingtrail
thethe
Communistcommunist
Gennadigennadi
Zyuganovzyuganov
inin
opinionopinion
pollspoll
beforebefore
thethe
presidentialpresidential
electionelection
inin
Junejune
.
Mr.mr.
Zyuganovzyuganov
hashave
promisedpromise
aa
returnreturn
toto
thethe
socialsocial
protectionprotection
ofof
thethe
Communistcommunist
pastpast
,,
asas
wellwell
asas
thethe
returnreturn
ofof
somesome
companiescompany
toto
statestate
ownershipownership
.
""
Thisthis
isbe
veryvery
muchmuch
partpart
ofof
Yeltsin'syeltsin
reelectionreelection
bidbid
,,
""
saidsay
Charliecharlie
Robertsonrobertson
,,
ana
analystanalyst
atat
thethe
consultingconsulting
companycompany
Hilfehilfe
Ltd.ltd.
inin
Londonlondon
.
""
Therethere
'sbe
nono
coincidencecoincidence
thatthat
itit
'sbe
beingbe
saidsay
afterafter
thethe
IMFimf
agreedagree
toto
thethe
loanloan
..
""
.
Oneone
Westernwestern
economisteconomist
,,
whowho
askedask
notnot
toto
bebe
namedname
,,
saidsay
aa
slowdownslowdown
inin
privatizationprivatization
wasbe
toto
bebe
expectedexpect
.
""
Ii
ambe
notnot
undulyunduly
alarmedalarm
aboutabout
anyany
ofof
thisthis
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
""
Ii
thinkthink
itit
isbe
toto
bebe
expectedexpect
inin
thethe
circumstancescircumstance
.
Therethere
isbe
aa
newnew
emphasisemphasis
onon
tryingtry
toto
easeease
thethe
painpain
ofof
reformreform
andand
taketake
aa
slightlyslightly
moremuch
cautiouscautious
approachapproach
toto
privatizationprivatization
..
""
.
Russiarussia
launchedlaunch
itsits
privatizationprivatization
programprogram
inin
19921992
underunder
thethe
guidanceguidance
ofof
thethe
formerformer
Firstfirst
Deputydeputy
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Anatolianatoli
B.b.
Chubaischubais
,,
whowho
wasbe
firedfire
lastlast
monthmonth
byby
Presidentpresident
Borisboris
N.n.
Yeltsinyeltsin
.
Mr.mr.
Chubaischubais
mastermindedmastermind
massmass
salessale
ofof
statestate
propertyproperty
.
Officialsofficial
saysay
aboutabout
7070
percentpercent
ofof
productionproduction
isbe
nownow
inin
privateprivate
handshand
.
Mr.mr.
Kazakovkazakov
saidsay
privatizationprivatization
wouldwould
slowslow
,,
withwith
justjust
1414
oror
1515
concernsconcern
toto
gogo
onon
salesale
thisthis
yearyear
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
shares-for-loansshares-for-loan
auctionsauction
wouldwould
changechange
.
""
Ii
ambe
quitequite
skepticalskeptical
aboutabout
shares-for-loansshares-for-loan
dealsdeal
.
Ii
dodo
notnot
rulerule
outout
thethe
possibilitypossibility
thatthat
somesome
willwill
finishfinish
upup
inin
thethe
arbitrationarbitration
courtcourt
.
Wewe
shallshall
notnot
continuecontinue
themthem
inin
thethe
formform
theythey
useduse
toto
havehave
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Russiarussia
promisedpromise
thethe
IMFimf
itit
wouldwould
keepkeep
itsits
budgetbudget
deficitdeficit
toto
nono
higherhigh
thanthan
44
percentpercent
ofof
grossgross
domesticdomestic
productproduct
inin
19961996
,,
33
percentpercent
inin
19971997
andand
11
percentpercent
inin
19981998
.
Itit
wasbe
2.92.9
percentpercent
inin
19951995
becausebecause
priceprice
inflationinflation
,,
twotwo
timestime
higherhigh
thanthan
forecastforecast
,,
raisedraise
nominalnominal
GDPgdp
higherhigh
thanthan
expectedexpect
.
Fiatfiat
SpA'sspa
boardboard
ofof
directorsdirector
approvedapprove
Cesarecesare
Romiti'sromiti
appointmentappointment
toto
thethe
toptop
spotspot
atat
Italy'sitaly
largestlarge
industrialindustrial
companycompany
,,
replacingreplace
Giovannigiovanni
Agnelliagnelli
,,
whowho
isbe
retiringretire
afterafter
3030
yearsyear
.
Mr.mr.
Agnelliagnelli
isbe
leavingleave
thethe
chairmanshipchairmanship
ofof
thethe
autoauto
companycompany
foundedfound
byby
hishis
grandfathergrandfather
inin
18991899
asas
hehe
approachesapproach
hishis
75th75th
birthdaybirthday
onon
Marchmarch
1212
,,
thethe
obligatoryobligatory
retirementretirement
ageage
forfor
Fiatfiat
executivesexecutive
accordingaccord
toto
thethe
company'scompany
statutesstatute
.
Fiat'sfiat
boardboard
approvedapprove
thethe
appointmentappointment
ofof
Paolopaolo
Cantarellacantarella
,,
headhead
ofof
Fiatfiat
Autoauto
,,
toto
thethe
positionposition
ofof
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
officerofficer
,,
thethe
positionposition
Mr.mr.
Romitiromiti
currentlycurrently
holdshold
.
Mr.mr.
Cantarellacantarella
isbe
toto
bebe
succeededsucceed
atat
thethe
carcar
unitunit
byby
Robertoroberto
Testoretestore
.
Aa
Turinturin
courtcourt
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
decidedecide
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
whetherwhether
toto
indictindict
Mr.mr.
Romitiromiti
andand
putput
himhim
onon
trialtrial
onon
chargescharge
ofof
allegedlyallegedly
approvingapprove
aa
Swissswiss
slushslush
fundfund
toto
provideprovide
forfor
illegalillegal
financingfinancing
ofof
politicalpolitical
partiesparty
,,
ofof
allegedlyallegedly
providingprovide
falsefalse
companycompany
informationinformation
andand
ofof
allegedlyallegedly
committingcommit
taxtax
fraudfraud
.
Fiatfiat
alsoalso
approvedapprove
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
thethe
resignationresignation
ofof
Giorgiogiorgio
Garuzzogaruzzo
asas
chiefchief
operatingoperating
officerofficer
.
Mr.mr.
Garuzzogaruzzo
toldtell
thethe
Internationalinternational
Heraldherald
Tribunetribune
lastlast
weekweek
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Romitiromiti
hadhave
firedfire
himhim
,,
andand
thatthat
hehe
wasbe
givengive
nono
explanationexplanation
forfor
hishis
dismissaldismissal
.
Mr.mr.
Garuzzogaruzzo
isbe
widelywidely
creditedcredit
forfor
helpinghelp
bringbring
Fiatfiat
backback
toto
profitabilityprofitability
inin
recentrecent
yearsyear
.
Mr.mr.
Romitiromiti
saidsay
thethe
changeschange
shouldshould
""
bebe
seensee
notnot
onlyonly
asas
thethe
necessarynecessary
arrivalarrival
ofof
newnew
forcesforce
inin
thethe
controlcontrol
roomroom
ofof
thethe
companycompany
,,
butbut
alsoalso
asas
emblematicemblematic
ofof
thethe
largerlarge
renewalrenewal
ofof
management'smanagement
wayway
ofof
thinkingthink
andand
operatingoperate
..
""
.
Mr.mr.
Romitiromiti
willwill
overseeoversee
Fiatfiat
throughthrough
thethe
nextnext
threethree
yearsyear
,,
beforebefore
hehe
reachesreach
thethe
ageage
limitlimit
.
Whenwhen
Romitiromiti
retiresretire
,,
Mr.mr.
Agnelli'sagnelli
32-year-old32-year-old
nephewnephew
,,
Giovannigiovanni
Agnelliagnelli
Jr.jr.
,,
nownow
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
atat
thethe
scooter-makerscooter-maker
Piaggiopiaggio
Veicoliveicoli
SpAspa
,,
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
joinjoin
Fiat'sfiat
boardboard
roomroom
.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayermetro-goldwyn-mayer
Inc.'sinc.
recentrecent
historyhistory
resemblesresemble
thatthat
ofof
Rockyrocky
Balboabalboa
,,
thethe
mainmain
charactercharacter
inin
somesome
ofof
thethe
best-knownbest-known
moviesmovie
inin
itsits
filmfilm
librarylibrary
.
Momentsmoment
awayaway
fromfrom
beingbe
countedcount
outout
,,
thethe
studiostudio
struggledstruggle
offoff
thethe
canvascanvas
andand
mademake
aa
fightfight
ofof
itit
,,
releasingrelease
suchsuch
successfulsuccessful
filmsfilm
asas
""
Goldeneyegoldeneye
,,
""
""
Getget
Shortyshorty
,,
""
""
Speciesspecie
""
andand
thethe
criticallycritically
acclaimedacclaimed
""
Leavingleave
Laslas
Vegasvegas
..
""
.
Nownow
,,
thethe
momentmoment
ofof
truthtruth
isbe
quicklyquickly
arrivingarrive
.
Willwill
anybodyanybody
wantwant
toto
buybuy
MGMmgm
andand
itsits
Unitedunited
Artistsartist
Picturespicture
Inc.inc.
unitunit
thisthis
yearyear
,,
especiallyespecially
atat
ana
askingasking
priceprice
expectedexpect
toto
rangerange
fromfrom
$dollar
1.51.5
billionbillion
toto
$dollar
22
billionbillion
oror
higherhigh
??
.
Thethe
studio'sstudio
Frenchfrench
ownerowner
--
Consortiumconsortium
dede
R‚alisationr‚alisation
--
isbe
consideringconsider
recommendationsrecommendation
fromfrom
Wallwall
Street'sstreet
Lazardlazard
Freresfreres
&and
Co.co.
onon
howhow
toto
sellsell
.
Thethe
studiostudio
wasbe
spunspin
offoff
toto
thethe
newnew
entityentity
duringduring
aa
government-orchestratedgovernment-orchestrated
restructuringrestructuring
ofof
Cr‚ditcr‚dit
Lyonnaislyonnais
,,
thethe
troubledtroubled
statestate
bankbank
thatthat
seizedseize
thethe
studiostudio
fromfrom
thethe
Italianitalian
financierfinancier
Giancarlogiancarlo
Parrettiparretti
inin
19921992
whenwhen
hehe
defaulteddefault
onon
hishis
loansloan
.
Thethe
bankbank
hadhave
untiluntil
Maymay
19971997
toto
sellsell
thethe
studiostudio
underunder
U.S.u.s.
lawslaw
.
Rumorsrumor
ofof
possiblepossible
buyersbuyer
includeinclude
PolyGrampolygram
NVnv
ofof
thethe
Netherlandsnetherlands
;;
Waltwalt
Disneydisney
Co.co.
;;
Chargeurschargeurs
SAsa
,,
thethe
Frenchfrench
ownerowner
ofof
thethe
Path‚path‚
entertainmententertainment
companycompany
;;
thethe
Frenchfrench
pay-TVpay-tv
channelchannel
Canalcanal
Plusplus
SAsa
andand
Generalgeneral
Electricelectric
Coco
.
Thethe
badbad
newsnews
isbe
thatthat
thethe
company'scompany
classicclassic
MGMmgm
librarylibrary
wasbe
soldsell
toto
Tedted
Turnerturner
,,
leavingleave
thethe
Unitedunited
Artistsartist
librarylibrary
thatthat
includesinclude
thethe
""
Rockyrocky
""
filmsfilm
asas
wellwell
asas
suchsuch
recentrecent
MGMmgm
picturespicture
asas
""
Thelmathelma
andand
Louiselouise
..
""
.
Thatthat
librarylibrary
stillstill
hashave
somesome
stringsstring
attachedattach
--
duedue
largelylargely
toto
cash-raisingcash-raising
licensinglicensing
dealsdeal
Mr.mr.
Parrettiparretti
cutcut
.
Thethe
easiesteasy
predictionprediction
isbe
thatthat
therethere
willwill
bebe
manymany
lookerslooker
,,
butbut
onlyonly
aa
handfulhandful
ofof
seriousserious
suitorssuitor
.
Manymany
companiescompany
havehave
beenbe
rumoredrumor
toto
bebe
studiostudio
buyersbuyer
.
Onon
thisthis
listlist
includesinclude
PolyGrampolygram
,,
Bertelsmannbertelsmann
AGag
andand
Tele-Communicationstele-communications
Incinc
.
Countcount
outout
Bertelsmannbertelsmann
.
Sourcessource
saysay
thethe
Germangerman
mediamedia
companycompany
isbe
notnot
interestedinterested
.
TCItci
isbe
aa
longlong
shotshot
asas
wellwell
,,
inin
partpart
becausebecause
itit
isbe
unlikelyunlikely
thethe
highlyhighly
leveragedleveraged
companycompany
wouldwould
paypay
cashcash
,,
whichwhich
thethe
Frenchfrench
nono
doubtdoubt
wouldwould
preferprefer
.
Thatthat
leavesleave
Polygrampolygram
,,
controlledcontrol
byby
thethe
electronicselectronics
companycompany
Philipsphilips
NVnv
.
Itit
isbe
alreadyalready
buildingbuild
itsits
ownown
film-distributionfilm-distribution
businessbusiness
,,
nearlynearly
boughtbuy
ailingailing
Samuelsamuel
Goldwyngoldwyn
Co.co.
andand
wantedwant
toto
bidbid
forfor
MCAmca
butbut
couldcould
notnot
becausebecause
Seagramseagram
hadhave
lockedlock
upup
exclusiveexclusive
negotiationsnegotiation
.
Muchmuch
wasbe
mademake
recentlyrecently
whenwhen
PolyGrampolygram
Chairmanchairman
Alainalain
Levylevy
statedstate
thethe
obviousobvious
::
thatthat
ifif
MGMmgm
becamebecome
availableavailable
,,
thethe
companycompany
wouldwould
looklook
atat
itit
.
PolyGrampolygram
couldcould
joinjoin
aa
groupgroup
ofof
otherother
Europeaneuropean
companiescompany
,,
suchsuch
asas
Chargeurschargeurs
,,
inin
aa
consortiumconsortium
toto
bidbid
.
Somesome
Hollywoodhollywood
executivesexecutive
seesee
Waltwalt
Disneydisney
asas
aa
potentialpotential
buyerbuyer
becausebecause
thethe
companycompany
couldcould
bolsterbolster
itsits
librarylibrary
ofof
live-actionlive-action
filmsfilm
,,
andand
couldcould
furtherfar
exploitexploit
thethe
MGMmgm
namename
inin
themetheme
parkspark
asas
itit
doesdo
nownow
atat
aa
parkpark
inin
Floridaflorida
underunder
aa
previousprevious
agreementagreement
.
Alsoalso
,,
itsits
newnew
presidentpresident
,,
Michaelmichael
S.s.
Ovitzovitz
,,
knowsknow
thethe
companycompany
wellwell
fromfrom
hishis
previousprevious
incarnationincarnation
asas
chairmanchairman
ofof
Creativecreative
Artistsartist
Agencyagency
.
Hehe
advisedadvise
Cr‚ditcr‚dit
Lyonnaislyonnais
onon
whatwhat
toto
dodo
aboutabout
MGMmgm
.
Althoughalthough
Disneydisney
hashave
lookedlook
atat
thethe
studiostudio
inin
thethe
pastpast
,,
thisthis
oneone
isbe
aa
longlong
shotshot
.
Studiosstudio
arebe
immediatelyimmediately
putput
offoff
byby
aa
videovideo
distributiondistribution
dealdeal
Mr.mr.
Parrettiparretti
cutcut
withwith
Warnerwarner
Brosbros
thatthat
stretchesstretch
intointo
thethe
nextnext
decadedecade
.
Somesome
speculatespeculate
thatthat
otherother
possibilitiespossibility
includeinclude
aa
managementmanagement
buyoutbuyout
,,
oror
ana
ego-drivenego-driven
purchasepurchase
byby
aa
slightlyslightly
eccentriceccentric
billionairebillionaire
.
Aa
leveragedleveraged
buyoutbuyout
isbe
unlikelyunlikely
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
studio'sstudio
cashcash
flowflow
couldcould
notnot
supportsupport
itit
.
Stocksstocks
droppeddrop
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
givinggive
upup
earlyearly
gainsgain
asas
aa
fallfall
inin
bondsbond
pricesprice
rattledrattle
investorinvestor
confidenceconfidence
thatthat
borrowingborrowing
ratesrate
wouldwould
remainremain
steadysteady
.
Sharesshare
inin
on-lineon-line
servicesservice
werebe
amongamong
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biggestbig
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.
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gainsgain
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sharesshare
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makersmaker
andand
health-producthealth-product
companiescompany
thatthat
havehave
goodgood
earningsearning
prospectsprospect
inin
comingcoming
quartersquarter
.
""
Therethere
'sbe
stillstill
aa
lotlot
ofof
uncertaintyuncertainty
aboutabout
thethe
directiondirection
ofof
thisthis
economyeconomy
,,
soso
thethe
bestgood
stocksstock
toto
gogo
toto
arebe
thethe
moremuch
stablestable
onesone
,,
""
saidsay
Edwardedward
Rileyriley
,,
chiefchief
investmentinvestment
officerofficer
atat
Bankbank
ofof
Bostonboston
Privateprivate
Bankbank
.
Thethe
Dowdow
Jonesjones
industrialindustrial
averageaverage
fellfall
43.0043.00
pointspoint
,,
toto
5,506.215,506.21
.
Thethe
numbernumber
ofof
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stocksstock
wasbe
aboutabout
equalequal
toto
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numbernumber
ofof
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thatthat
fellfall
onon
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Yorkyork
Stockstock
Exchangeexchange
.
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bondsbond
erasederase
ana
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gaingain
asas
investorsinvestor
fearedfear
thethe
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Reservereserve
Boardboard
wouldwould
bebe
hesitanthesitant
toto
cutcut
ratesrate
,,
andand
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ana
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.
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30-year30-year
bondbond
fellfall
2/322/32
,,
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9393
25/3225/32
.
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wasbe
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,,
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6.476.47
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aa
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reinforcedreinforce
expectationsexpectation
thatthat
inflationinflation
wouldwould
notnot
riserise
.
Therethere
hashave
beenbe
""
continuedcontinued
evidenceevidence
""
thatthat
inflationinflation
isbe
notnot
acceleratingaccelerate
,,
saidsay
Andersanders
Ekernasekernas
,,
aa
fundfund
managermanager
atat
ABBabb
Investmentinvestment
Managementmanagement
Corp.corp.
inin
Stamfordstamford
,,
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.
Thethe
Laborlabor
Departmentdepartment
saidsay
consumerconsumer
pricesprice
roserise
0.40.4
percentpercent
inin
Januaryjanuary
,,
oror
0.30.3
percentpercent
onceonce
foodfood
andand
energyenergy
werebe
excludedexclude
.
Althoughalthough
thethe
gaingain
wasbe
largerlarge
thanthan
thethe
0.30.3
percentpercent
overalloverall
riserise
economistseconomist
expectedexpect
,,
itit
diddo
notnot
raiseraise
expectationsexpectation
thatthat
inflationinflation
willwill
pickpick
upup
.
""
Thethe
numbersnumber
arebe
consistentconsistent
withwith
aa
goodgood
inflationinflation
trendtrend
,,
""
saidsay
Josephjoseph
LaVorgnalavorgna
,,
ana
economisteconomist
atat
Lehmanlehman
Brothersbrother
.
""
Theythey
maymay
notnot
bebe
asas
goodgood
inin
19961996
asas
inin
19951995
,,
butbut
itit
'sbe
stillstill
prettypretty
goodgood
""
.
ATat
&and
Tt
sharesshare
heldhold
steadysteady
atat
6464
afterafter
thethe
companycompany
launchedlaunch
ana
attackattack
onon
thethe
on-lineon-line
industryindustry
byby
sayingsay
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
startstart
itsits
ownown
consumerconsumer
Internet-accessinternet-access
serviceservice
.
Sharesshare
ofof
computercomputer
on-lineon-line
companiescompany
fellfall
afterafter
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ATat
&and
Tt
announcementannouncement
.
Netcomnetcom
droppeddrop
22
5/85/8
toto
2020
5/85/8
,,
Uunetuunet
plungedplunge
33
5/85/8
toto
2828
1/41/4
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22
1/41/4
lowerlow
,,
atat
5151
1/21/2
.
Micronmicron
Technologytechnology
fellfall
1/81/8
toto
3333
1/21/2
,,
afterafter
droppingdrop
sharplysharply
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
.
Thethe
computer-chipcomputer-chip
makermaker
saidsay
Mondaymonday
thatthat
itit
wouldwould
delaydelay
aa
$dollar
2.52.5
billionbillion
plantplant
becausebecause
ofof
ana
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ofof
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.
Thethe
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compositecomposite
indexindex
,,
whichwhich
containscontain
manymany
technology-relatedtechnology-related
issuesissue
,,
ekedeke
outout
aa
1.391.39
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,,
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atat
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.
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gainedgain
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inin
companiescompany
thatthat
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3/43/4
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7/87/8
,,
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Laboratorieslaboratory
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3/43/4
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finishfinish
atat
4141
5/85/8
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Bostonboston
Scientificscientific
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1/21/2
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4848
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Brothersbrother
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Gapgap
sharesshare
roserise
11
1/41/4
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5353
7/87/8
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percentpercent
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quarterlyquarterly
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roserise
22
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4040
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Brownbrown
&and
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reinstatedreinstate
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ofof
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andand
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itsits
purchasepurchase
.
PLCplc
Systemssystem
roserise
22
toto
2929
5/85/8
afterafter
thethe
companycompany
saidsay
latelate
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
itsits
fourth-quarterfourth-quarter
netnet
earningsearning
werebe
1919
centscent
aa
shareshare
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
aa
lossloss
ofof
22
centscent
aa
yearyear
agoago
.
Thethe
companycompany
isbe
testingtest
aa
heartheart
laserlaser
techniquetechnique
thatthat
couldcould
affordafford
heartheart
patientspatient
ana
alternativealternative
toto
bypassbypass
oror
balloonballoon
angioplastyangioplasty
.
Somesome
investorsinvestor
saidsay
thethe
dropdrop
inin
stocksstock
wasbe
fueledfuel
byby
concernconcern
thatthat
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torrenttorrent
ofof
newnew
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intointo
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equityequity
marketmarket
throughthrough
mutualmutual
fundsfund
maymay
reversereverse
midstreammidstream
.
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rallyrally
inin
shareshare
pricesprice
hashave
enticedentice
manymany
investorsinvestor
toto
sinksink
moneymoney
inin
stocksstock
,,
andand
theythey
maymay
notnot
havehave
thethe
stomachstomach
toto
waitwait
outout
aa
periodperiod
ofof
bigbig
stockstock
declinesdecline
.
""
Oneone
couldcould
argueargue
thatthat
thethe
moneymoney
flowingflow
inin
isbe
weakweak
moneymoney
,,
""
saidsay
Douglasdouglas
Myersmyers
,,
aa
tradertrader
atat
Interstate/Johnsoninterstate/johnson
Lanelane
Inc.inc.
""
Aa
lotlot
ofof
thethe
investorsinvestor
jumpedjump
inin
latelate
.
Whenwhen
theythey
getget
skittishskittish
,,
theythey
'llwill
taketake
theirtheir
moneymoney
outout
..
""
.
Veryvery
Brieflybriefly
::
<U.S.u.s.
Tradetrade
Gapgap
Grewgrow
inin
Decemberdecember
.
WASHINGTONwashington
((
Reutersreuters
))
.
Thethe
U.S.u.s.
tradetrade
deficitdeficit
inin
goodsgoods
andand
servicesservice
widenedwiden
inin
Decemberdecember
andand
reachedreach
aa
seven-yearseven-year
peakpeak
forfor
allall
ofof
19951995
,,
thethe
Commercecommerce
Departmentdepartment
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
.
Thethe
deteriorationdeterioration
occurredoccur
despitedespite
improvementimprovement
inin
thethe
deficitdeficit
withwith
Japanjapan
asas
tradetrade
withwith
Canadacanada
,,
Mexicomexico
andand
Chinachina
worsenedworsen
lastlast
yearyear
.
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tradetrade
deficitdeficit
inin
Decemberdecember
roserise
11
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
6.786.78
billionbillion
,,
fromfrom
aa
revisedrevised
$dollar
6.716.71
billionbillion
inin
Novembernovember
.
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deficitdeficit
forfor
thethe
fullfull
yearyear
climbedclimb
4.54.5
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
111.04111.04
billionbillion
--
thethe
biggestbig
tradetrade
shortfallshortfall
sincesince
$dollar
115.3115.3
billionbillion
inin
19881988
.
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politicallypolitically
sensitivesensitive
tradetrade
deficitdeficit
inin
goodsgoods
withwith
Japanjapan
narrowednarrow
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
fourfour
yearsyear
duringduring
19951995
,,
fallingfall
nearlynearly
1010
percentpercent
,,
toto
$dollar
59.2859.28
billionbillion
.
Veryvery
Brieflybriefly
::
.
Thethe
consumerconsumer
priceprice
indexindex
roserise
0.40.4
percentpercent
inin
Januaryjanuary
,,
thethe
biggestbig
advanceadvance
inin
moremore
thanthan
twotwo
yearsyear
,,
asas
coldcold
weatherweather
drovedrive
upup
demanddemand
forfor
energyenergy
.
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,,
businessbusiness
inventoriesinventory
fellfall
0.50.5
percentpercent
inin
Decemberdecember
,,
thethe
firstfirst
declinedecline
inin
nearlynearly
twotwo
yearsyear
,,
asas
companiescompany
triedtry
toto
reducereduce
aa
largelarge
supplysupply
ofof
goodsgoods
onon
shelvesshelf
andand
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.
Veryvery
Brieflybriefly
::
.
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Fargofargo
&and
Co.co.
plansplan
toto
sellsell
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branchesbranch
withwith
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2.52.5
billionbillion
inin
depositsdeposit
toto
eliminateeliminate
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objectionsobjection
toto
itsits
plannedplanned
$dollar
11.611.6
billionbillion
purchasepurchase
ofof
Firstfirst
Interstateinterstate
Bancorpbancorp
.
WELLSwells
FARGOfargo
&and
Veryvery
Brieflybriefly
::
.
Hewlett-Packardhewlett-packard
Co.co.
unveiledunveil
aa
newnew
familyfamily
ofof
HPhp
Pavilionpavilion
homehome
multimediamultimedia
personalpersonal
computerscomputer
,,
equippedequip
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built-inbuilt-in
full-colorfull-color
photophoto
scannersscanner
.
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computerscomputer
willwill
costcost
fromfrom
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1,8991,899
toto
$dollar2
2,9992,999
.
Thethe
dollardollar
surgedsurge
againstagainst
Europeaneuropean
currenciescurrency
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
asas
signssign
ofof
economiceconomic
weaknessweakness
inin
Germanygermany
sparkedspark
talktalk
thatthat
thethe
Bundesbankbundesbank
wouldwould
cutcut
interestinterest
ratesrate
soonsoon
.
Thethe
dollardollar
closedclose
atat
1.46801.4680
Deutschedeutsche
marksmark
,,
upup
fromfrom
1.45231.4523
DMdm
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
.
Thatthat
representsrepresent
thethe
dollar'sdollar
biggestbig
one-dayone-day
advanceadvance
sincesince
Jan.jan.
1616
.
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dollardollar
closedclose
atat
104.70104.70
yenyen
,,
upup
fromfrom
104.32104.32
yenyen
.
Japanesejapanese
exportersexporter
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
repatriaterepatriate
yenyen
beforebefore
theirtheir
financialfinancial
yearsyear
endend
onon
Marchmarch
3131
,,
limitinglimit
thethe
dollar'sdollar
gainsgain
.
MMSmms
Internationalinternational
saidsay
thatthat
dollardollar
buyersbuyer
camecome
fromfrom
manymany
quartersquarter
andand
thatthat
somesome
buyersbuyer
hadhave
becomebecome
bullishbullish
afterafter
thethe
dollardollar
passedpass
thethe
thresholdthreshold
ofof
1.46401.4640
DMdm
.
""
Obviouslyobviously
therethere
isbe
concernconcern
inin
Germanygermany
aboutabout
thethe
weaknessweakness
ofof
thethe
economyeconomy
,,
""
saidsay
Grahamgraham
Broydbroyd
,,
managermanager
ofof
currencycurrency
salessale
atat
Nationalnational
Westminsterwestminster
Bankbank
.
""
Thatthat
onlyonly
servesserve
toto
emphasizeemphasize
thethe
possibilitypossibility
ofof
ana
earlierearlier
interestinterest
raterate
cutcut
inin
Germanygermany
thanthan
inin
thethe
U.Su.s
""
.
Traderstrader
beganbegin
toto
sellsell
marksmark
afterafter
Rudolfrudolf
Scharpingscharping
,,
thethe
parliamentaryparliamentary
leaderleader
ofof
thethe
oppositionopposition
Socialsocial
Democratsdemocrat
,,
saidsay
thatthat
""
reliablereliable
informationinformation
""
indicatedindicate
thatthat
thethe
numbernumber
ofof
unemployedunemployed
peoplepeople
wouldwould
riserise
fromfrom
thethe
postwarpostwar
highhigh
thatthat
wasbe
setset
inin
Januaryjanuary
.
Rate-cutrate-cut
expectationsexpectation
gotget
aa
furtherfar
boostboost
afterafter
thethe
machinemachine
makers'maker
associationassociation
saidsay
Germangerman
machinerymachinery
ordersorder
fellfall
44
percentpercent
inin
Januaryjanuary
fromfrom
aa
yearyear
agoago
.
Thethe
dollar'sdollar
rallyrally
gatheredgather
momentummomentum
afterafter
newsnews
ofof
aa
smaller-than-expectedsmaller-than-expected
U.S.u.s.
Decemberdecember
tradetrade
deficitdeficit
andand
aa
rallyrally
inin
U.S.u.s.
stockstock
andand
bondbond
pricesprice
.
""
Allall
thosethose
factorsfactor
playedplay
aa
rolerole
inin
boostingboost
thethe
dollardollar
,,
""
saidsay
Dennisdennis
Pettitpettit
,,
thethe
foreignforeign
exchangeexchange
managermanager
atat
Longlong
Termterm
Creditcredit
Bankbank
ofof
Japanjapan
.
""
Ii
'dwould
hesitatehesitate
toto
putput
moremuch
weightweight
onon
oneone
thanthan
anotheranother
..
""
.
Againstagainst
otherother
currenciescurrency
,,
thethe
dollardollar
roserise
toto
1.19651.1965
Swissswiss
francsfranc
fromfrom
1.18201.1820
francsfranc
andand
toto
5.02605.0260
Frenchfrench
francsfranc
fromfrom
4.98704.9870
francsfranc
.
Thethe
poundpound
slippedslip
toto
$dollar
1.53231.5323
fromfrom
$dollar
11
.
Nokianokia
Oyoy
sharesshare
tumbledtumble
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
afterafter
thethe
Finnishfinnish
telecommunications-equipmenttelecommunications-equipment
companycompany
issuedissue
itsits
secondsecond
profitprofit
warningwarning
inin
threethree
monthsmonth
andand
addedadd
itit
wouldwould
withdrawwithdraw
fromfrom
thethe
television-makngtelevision-makng
businessbusiness
.
Althoughalthough
Nokianokia
reportedreport
itsits
19951995
earningsearning
roserise
2323
percentpercent
,,
profitprofit
inin
thethe
firstfirst
halfhalf
ofof
19961996
wouldwould
bebe
""
significantlysignificantly
lowerlow
""
thanthan
inin
thethe
firstfirst
halfhalf
ofof
19951995
,,
andand
therethere
werebe
nono
guaranteesguarantee
thethe
situationsituation
wouldwould
changechange
inin
thethe
secondsecond
halfhalf
,,
itit
saidsay
.
""
Wewe
expectexpect
thatthat
profitsprofit
inin
thethe
firstfirst
twotwo
quartersquarter
ofof
thisthis
yearyear
willwill
bebe
significantlysignificantly
lowerlow
thanthan
inin
thethe
correspondingcorresponding
periodperiod
inin
19951995
,,
""
Nokianokia
saidsay
.
""
Ourour
abilityability
toto
achieveachieve
strongerstrong
profitabilityprofitability
inin
thethe
secondsecond
halfhalf
ofof
thethe
yearyear
willwill
dependdepend
onon
aa
numbernumber
ofof
factorsfactor
,,
particularlyparticularly
thethe
successsuccess
ofof
thethe
introductionintroduction
ofof
ourour
newnew
lineline
ofof
mobilemobile
phonesphone
..
""
.
Pretaxpretax
profitprofit
roserise
toto
aa
less-than-expectedless-than-expected
4.934.93
billionbillion
markkaamarkkaa
((
$dollar
1.091.09
billionbillion
))
lastlast
yearyear
,,
asas
salessale
ofof
telecommunicationstelecommunication
equipmentequipment
andand
mobilemobile
phonesphone
roserise
.
Analystsanalyst
hadhave
expectedexpect
aboutabout
5.15.1
billionbillion
markkaamarkkaa
,,
accordingaccord
toto
aa
surveysurvey
byby
Swedishswedish
newsnews
serviceservice
Direktdirekt
.
Onon
thethe
Helsinkihelsinki
Stockstock
Exchangeexchange
,,
Nokianokia
sharesshare
fellfall
1313
markkaamarkkaa
,,
toto
156156
.
Laterlate
inin
Newnew
Yorkyork
,,
thethe
company'scompany
Americanamerican
depositarydepositary
receiptsreceipt
fellfall
$dollar
1.751.75
toto
closeclose
atat
$dollar
35.62535.625
.
""
Lowerlow
profitsprofit
havehave
beenbe
inin
thethe
pipelinepipeline
,,
butbut
usinguse
thethe
wordword
''
significantlysignificantly
''
reallyreally
hitshit
hardhard
,,
""
saidsay
Christianchristian
Diebitschdiebitsch
,,
analystanalyst
atat
Paribasparibas
Capitalcapital
Marketmarket
.
""
Thethe
lossloss
inin
consumerconsumer
electronicselectronics
wasbe
largerlarge
thanthan
expectedexpect
..
""
.
Totaltotal
chargescharge
forfor
thethe
discontinuationdiscontinuation
ofof
Nokia'snokia
unprofitableunprofitable
televisiontelevision
operationoperation
camecome
toto
2.32.3
billionbillion
kronorkronor
forfor
19951995
.
Butbut
Jormajorma
Ollilaollila
,,
Nokia'snokia
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
,,
saidsay
hehe
diddo
notnot
seesee
anyany
possibilitypossibility
ofof
moremore
dismantlingdismantling
chargescharge
thisthis
yearyear
.
Hehe
saidsay
toto
analystsanalyst
inin
aa
conferenceconference
callcall
thatthat
Nokianokia
wasbe
talkingtalk
toto
aa
numbernumber
ofof
potentialpotential
buyersbuyer
ofof
thethe
operationsoperation
.
""
Ifif
therethere
isbe
aa
salesale
,,
aa
significantsignificant
partpart
ofof
thethe
provisionprovision
cancan
bebe
takentake
backback
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
""
Thisthis
shouldshould
bebe
settledsettle
shortlyshortly
,,
atat
thethe
latestlate
byby
thisthis
summersummer
..
""
.
Mr.mr.
Ollilaollila
toldtell
analystsanalyst
thatthat
aa
3636
percentpercent
riserise
inin
ordersorder
forfor
telecommunicationtelecommunication
infrastructureinfrastructure
equipmentequipment
shouldshould
bringbring
3030
percentpercent
toto
4545
percentpercent
salessale
growthgrowth
forfor
thethe
divisiondivision
thisthis
yearyear
.
Salessale
ofof
mobilemobile
phonesphone
willwill
growgrow
3030
percentpercent
toto
4040
percentpercent
thisthis
yearyear
,,
hehe
saidsay
.
Nokia'snokia
mobilemobile
phonephone
salessale
roserise
4444
percentpercent
inin
19951995
,,
toto
1616
billionbillion
markkaamarkkaa
.
Forfor
telecommunicationstelecommunication
equipmentequipment
,,
revenuerevenue
roserise
2828
percentpercent
,,
toto
1010
billionbillion
markkaamarkkaa
.
Thethe
twotwo
divisionsdivision
accountaccount
forfor
7070
percentpercent
ofof
totaltotal
salessale
.
Nokianokia
saidsay
itit
hopedhope
toto
havehave
sortedsort
outout
thethe
problemsproblem
,,
suchsuch
asas
logisticslogistics
,,
thatthat
havehave
hamperedhamper
profitabilityprofitability
forfor
itsits
mobile-phonemobile-phone
businessbusiness
byby
thethe
secondsecond
halfhalf
ofof
thisthis
yearyear
.
Whilewhile
demanddemand
inin
Europeeurope
shouldshould
remainremain
strongstrong
,,
Nokianokia
doesdo
notnot
expectexpect
thethe
U.S.u.s.
marketmarket
toto
improveimprove
untiluntil
19971997
becausebecause
technologytechnology
developmentdevelopment
isbe
notnot
movingmove
fastfast
enoughenough
forfor
thethe
massmass
introductionintroduction
ofof
digitaldigital
telephonestelephone
.
Mr.mr.
Ollilaollila
saidsay
thatthat
Nokia'snokia
globalglobal
shareshare
ofof
mobilemobile
phonesphone
wasbe
""
significantlysignificantly
aboveabove
2020
percentpercent
,,
butbut
notnot
asas
highhigh
asas
2525
percentpercent
..
""
.
Hehe
targetedtarget
securingsecure
overover
2020
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
U.S.u.s.
digitaldigital
phonephone
marketmarket
.
Orangeorange
PLCplc
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
itsits
salesale
ofof
2525
percentpercent
ofof
itsits
equityequity
nextnext
monthmonth
wouldwould
valuevalue
thethe
Britishbritish
mobilemobile
telephonetelephone
networknetwork
operatoroperator
atat
aa
minimumminimum
ofof
œpound
2.22.2
billionbillion
((
$dollar
3.43.4
billionbillion
))
,,
one-fifthone-fifth
lessless
thanthan
analystsanalyst
expectedexpect
.
Orangeorange
isbe
6969
percentpercent
ownedown
byby
Hutchisonhutchison
Whampoawhampoa
Ltd.ltd.
ofof
Honghong
Kongkong
andand
3131
percentpercent
byby
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
PLCplc
.
Inin
aa
preliminarypreliminary
prospectusprospectus
toto
gaugegauge
investorinvestor
responseresponse
,,
thethe
companycompany
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
priceprice
thethe
sharesshare
atat
betweenbetween
175175
andand
205205
pencepenny
aa
shareshare
,,
givinggive
itit
aa
marketmarket
capitalizationcapitalization
ofof
œpound
2.202.20
billionbillion
andand
œpound
2.452.45
billionbillion
.
Thethe
offeroffer
ofof
325325
millionmillion
newnew
ordinaryordinary
sharesshare
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
raiseraise
betweenbetween
œ530.6œ530.6
millionmillion
andand
œ623.5œ623.5
millionmillion
forfor
thethe
companycompany
.
Thethe
fundsfund
willwill
bebe
useduse
toto
repayrepay
existingexisting
shareholdershareholder
loansloan
,,
thethe
companycompany
saidsay
.
Thethe
sharesshare
willwill
bebe
listedlist
onon
thethe
Londonlondon
Stockstock
Exchangeexchange
andand
inin
thethe
formform
ofof
Americanamerican
depositarydepositary
receiptsreceipt
onon
thethe
Nasdaqnasdaq
systemsystem
.
Eacheach
ADRadr
willwill
representrepresent
thethe
rightright
toto
receivereceive
55
commoncommon
sharesshare
.
Analystsanalyst
hadhave
expectedexpect
thethe
salesale
toto
valuevalue
Orangeorange
atat
œpound
2.82.8
billionbillion
,,
2121
percentpercent
moremuch
thanthan
thethe
companycompany
''
ss
ownown
minimumminimum
valuationvaluation
.
""
Itit
'sbe
certainlycertainly
lowerlow
thanthan
itit
wasbe
expectedexpect
toto
bebe
--
wewe
thinkthink
itit
'sbe
comecome
backback
intointo
aa
muchmuch
moremuch
sensiblesensible
rangerange
,,
""
saidsay
Dougdoug
Hawkinshawkins
,,
telecommunicationstelecommunication
analystanalyst
atat
Nomuranomura
Researchresearch
Instituteinstitute
Ltd.ltd.
.
""
Nonenone
ofof
usus
doubtdoubt
thatthat
personalpersonal
communicationscommunication
willwill
bebe
wirelesswireless
inin
futurefuture
,,
butbut
thethe
uncertaintyuncertainty
inin
allall
ofof
thisthis
isbe
whatwhat
thethe
averageaverage
consumerconsumer
isbe
preparedprepare
toto
spendspend
..
""
.
Hehe
addedadd
thatthat
averageaverage
annualannual
spendingspending
onon
mobilemobile
phonesphone
perper
customercustomer
wasbe
decliningdecline
rapidlyrapidly
.
Grahamgraham
Howehowe
,,
financefinance
directordirector
forfor
Orangeorange
,,
saidsay
analysts'analyst
highhigh
estimatesestimate
werebe
setset
accordingaccord
toto
wherewhere
theythey
expectedexpect
Orangeorange
sharesshare
toto
tradetrade
onceonce
thethe
salesale
wasbe
completecomplete
.
""
Itit
isbe
typicaltypical
forfor
investorsinvestor
toto
expectexpect
toto
paypay
aa
discountdiscount
onon
thethe
offeroffer
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Howehowe
saidsay
.
""
Thethe
banksbank
havehave
setset
aa
priceprice
toto
withstandwithstand
aa
varietyvariety
ofof
marketmarket
conditionscondition
.
Fromfrom
aa
companycompany
perspectiveperspective
,,
itit
'sbe
importantimportant
thatthat
thisthis
isbe
aa
successfulsuccessful
flotationflotation
givengive
thethe
momentummomentum
behindbehind
itit
..
""
.
""
Thethe
stockstock
marketmarket
isbe
somethingsomething
nobodynobody
cancan
predictpredict
thethe
outcomeoutcome
ofof
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Orangeorange
beganbegin
sellingsell
aa
Britishbritish
mobile-phonemobile-phone
serviceservice
inin
19941994
,,
increasingincrease
competitioncompetition
inin
whatwhat
hadhave
alreadyalready
becomebecome
aa
maturemature
marketmarket
dominateddominate
byby
Vodafonevodafone
Groupgroup
PLCplc
andand
Cellnetcellnet
,,
aa
jointjoint
ventureventure
ofof
Britishbritish
Telecommunicationstelecommunication
PLCplc
andand
Securicorsecuricor
Groupgroup
PLCplc
.
Orange'sorange
innovationinnovation
,,
andand
principalprincipal
sellingselling
pointpoint
,,
wasbe
thatthat
itit
billedbill
byby
thethe
secondsecond
ratherrather
thanthan
byby
thethe
minuteminute
.
Itit
nownow
hashave
moremuch
thanthan
400,000400,000
subscriberssubscriber
,,
oror
77
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
Britishbritish
mobile-phonemobile-phone
marketmarket
.
Mr.mr.
Howehowe
saidsay
Orangeorange
wasbe
notnot
concernedconcerned
thatthat
itsits
competitorscompetitor
plannedplan
toto
introduceintroduce
per-secondper-second
pricingpricing
nextnext
monthmonth
.
Theythey
willwill
introduceintroduce
per-secondper-second
pricingpricing
onlyonly
onon
theirtheir
digitaldigital
telephonetelephone
servicesservice
,,
whichwhich
accountaccount
forfor
onlyonly
aroundaround
700,000700,000
customerscustomer
,,
comparedcompare
withwith
theirtheir
combinedcombined
totaltotal
ofof
moremore
thanthan
44
millionmillion
customerscustomer
,,
Mr.mr.
Howehowe
saidsay
.
""
Wewe
stillstill
representrepresent
bettergood
valuevalue
forfor
moneymoney
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Howehowe
saidsay
.
""
Itit
'sbe
quitequite
flatteringflattering
theythey
'vehave
adoptedadopt
perper
secondsecond
pricingpricing
..
""
.
Standardstandard
Charteredchartered
PLCplc
willwill
continuecontinue
toto
playplay
ana
importantimportant
rolerole
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
afterafter
thethe
handoverhandover
toto
Chinachina
inin
19971997
,,
thethe
Britishbritish
bankbank
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
afterafter
reportingreport
ana
increaseincrease
inin
profitsprofit
andand
raisingraise
itsits
dividenddividend
.
Thethe
bankbank
,,
whichwhich
operatesoperate
mainlymainly
inin
Asiaasia
,,
saidsay
pretaxpretax
profitprofit
roserise
3030
percentpercent
lastlast
yearyear
,,
toto
œpound
661661
millionmillion
((
$dollar
1.021.02
billionbillion
))
.
Itit
alsoalso
raisedraise
thethe
dividenddividend
forfor
thethe
yearyear
byby
3838
percentpercent
,,
toto
1111
pencepenny
.
Revenuerevenue
grewgrow
88
percentpercent
,,
toto
œpound
1.791.79
billionbillion
.
Chairmanchairman
Patrickpatrick
Gillamgillam
saidsay
thethe
bankbank
sawsee
""
nono
evidenceevidence
thatthat
businessbusiness
opportunitiesopportunity
andand
conditionscondition
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
willwill
bebe
affectedaffect
,,
""
byby
thethe
handoverhandover
ofof
thethe
Britishbritish
colonycolony
toto
Chinachina
inin
Julyjuly
19971997
.
Activitiesactivity
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
contributedcontribute
3535
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
bank'sbank
profitprofit
lastlast
yearyear
.
Thethe
bankbank
saidsay
incomeincome
wasbe
helpedhelp
byby
lowerlow
debtdebt
chargescharge
andand
tighttight
controlcontrol
overover
costscost
.
Francefrance
soldsell
mostmost
ofof
itsits
55
percentpercent
stakestake
inin
thethe
oiloil
companycompany
Totaltotal
SAsa
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
inin
thethe
firstfirst
ofof
thisthis
year'syear
plannedplanned
assetasset
salessale
,,
whichwhich
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
totaltotal
4040
billionbillion
Frenchfrench
francsfranc
((
$dollar
8.028.02
billionbillion
))
.
Thethe
governmentgovernment
soldsell
9.59.5
millionmillion
,,
oror
44
percentpercent
,,
ofof
Totaltotal
SA'ssa
sharesshare
throughthrough
Cr‚ditcr‚dit
Lyonnaislyonnais
SAsa
andand
Lehmanlehman
Brothersbrother
.
Thethe
perper
shareshare
priceprice
ofof
326326
francsfranc
amountsamount
toto
aa
totaltotal
priceprice
ofof
aa
littlelittle
lessless
thanthan
3.13.1
billionbillion
francsfranc
,,
includinginclude
underwriters'underwriter
feesfee
.
Total'stotal
sharesshare
werebe
soldsell
atat
aa
2.42.4
percentpercent
discountdiscount
toto
thethe
Tuesdaytuesday
closingclosing
priceprice
ofof
333.90333.90
francsfranc
.
Thethe
shareshare
closedclose
downdown
22
francsfranc
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
atat
331.90331.90
francsfranc
.
Jeanjean
Arthuisarthuis
,,
thethe
Frenchfrench
financefinance
ministerminister
,,
hailedhail
thethe
salesale
asas
aa
""
veryvery
greatgreat
successsuccess
,,
""
addingadd
thatthat
sharesshare
hadhave
beenbe
soldsell
toto
bothboth
domesticdomestic
andand
foreignforeign
investorsinvestor
.
Onon
Tuesdaytuesday
thethe
boardboard
ofof
Totaltotal
hadhave
agreedagree
toto
thethe
salesale
whichwhich
""
maymay
occuroccur
asas
soonsoon
asas
marketmarket
conditionscondition
arebe
rightright
,,
""
thethe
companycompany
hadhave
saidsay
.
Nono
detaildetail
wasbe
immediatelyimmediately
availableavailable
onon
whowho
boughtbuy
thethe
state'sstate
stakestake
.
Beforebefore
thethe
salesale
,,
5555
percentpercent
ofof
Total'stotal
sharesshare
werebe
heldhold
byby
domesticdomestic
investorsinvestor
,,
2020
percentpercent
byby
Britishbritish
investorsinvestor
andand
1515
percentpercent
byby
U.S.u.s.
investorsinvestor
,,
Totaltotal
saidsay
.
Sincesince
itit
retainsretain
justjust
11
percentpercent
inin
Total'stotal
capitalcapital
,,
thethe
statestate
willwill
keepkeep
onlyonly
oneone
ofof
itsits
twotwo
representativesrepresentative
onon
thethe
company'scompany
boardboard
.
Butbut
eveneven
afterafter
thethe
salesale
,,
thethe
governmentgovernment
willwill
retainretain
aa
degreedegree
ofof
controlcontrol
overover
France'sfrance
second-largestsecond-largest
oiloil
companycompany
.
Aa
centralcentral
corecore
ofof
shareholdersshareholder
putput
inin
placeplace
byby
thethe
statestate
inin
Junejune
19921992
,,
whenwhen
itit
cutcut
itsits
stakestake
inin
Totaltotal
toto
55
percentpercent
fromfrom
3535
percentpercent
,,
remainsremain
inin
placeplace
.
Thethe
corecore
includesinclude
threethree
state-ownedstate-owned
companiescompany
,,
thethe
insurersinsurer
Groupegroupe
desdes
Assurancesassurance
Nationalesnationales
SAsa
andand
Assurancesassurance
G‚n‚ralesg‚n‚rales
dede
Francefrance
SAsa
asas
wellwell
asas
thethe
commercialcommercial
bankbank
Cr‚ditcr‚dit
Lyonnaislyonnais
SAsa
,,
whichwhich
togethertogether
ownown
8.58.5
percentpercent
ofof
thethe
company'scompany
stockstock
.
Underunder
aa
conventionconvention
signedsign
withwith
Totaltotal
inin
19251925
,,
thethe
governmentgovernment
alsoalso
hashave
thethe
rightright
toto
vetoveto
thethe
company'scompany
chairmanchairman
.
Thatthat
conventionconvention
willwill
expireexpire
inin
Marchmarch
.
Thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
loweredlower
itsits
growthgrowth
forecastforecast
forfor
19961996
toto
belowbelow
22
percentpercent
fromfrom
2.62.6
percentpercent
.
Yvesyves
Thibaultthibault
dede
Silguysilguy
,,
economiceconomic
andand
monetarymonetary
unionunion
commissionercommissioner
,,
toldtell
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Parliamentparliament
thatthat
monetarymonetary
fluctuationsfluctuation
werebe
responsibleresponsible
forfor
aa
lossloss
ofof
0.50.5
percentpercent
ofof
growthgrowth
betweenbetween
19951995
andand
19961996
.
Mr.mr.
dede
Silguysilguy
saidsay
aa
recessionrecession
wasbe
notnot
imminentimminent
.
Thethe
commission'scommission
annualannual
economiceconomic
reportreport
isbe
expectedexpect
toto
underlineunderline
aa
tighttight
relationshiprelationship
betweenbetween
trendstrend
inin
exchangeexchange
ratesrate
andand
confidenceconfidence
indicatorsindicator
.
Butbut
confidenceconfidence
hashave
stoppedstop
deterioratingdeteriorate
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
inin
aboutabout
sevenseven
monthsmonth
,,
hehe
saidsay
.
Hehe
alsoalso
citedcite
aa
slowdownslowdown
inin
fiscalfiscal
consolidationconsolidation
andand
interest-rateinterest-rate
increasesincrease
inin
19941994
asas
reasonsreason
forfor
aa
pausepause
inin
EUeu
growthgrowth
.
Thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
approvedapprove
termsterm
underunder
whichwhich
Bremerbremer
Vulkanvulkan
AGag
cancan
receivereceive
loanloan
guaranteesguarantee
toto
finishfinish
shipsship
underunder
constructionconstruction
.
Thethe
EUeu
hadhave
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
refuserefuse
approvalapproval
untiluntil
itit
foundfind
outout
whatwhat
thethe
companycompany
hadhave
donedo
withwith
subsidiessubsidy
allegedlyallegedly
diverteddivert
fromfrom
aa
programprogram
forfor
Easterneastern
Germangerman
shipyardsshipyard
.
Thethe
Netherlands'netherlands
grossgross
domesticdomestic
productproduct
roserise
2.42.4
percentpercent
inin
19951995
fromfrom
aa
yearyear
earlierearlier
,,
largelylargely
supportedsupport
byby
increasedincreased
domesticdomestic
spendingspending
.
Rabobankrabobank
Nederlandnederland
saidsay
19951995
netnet
profitprofit
roserise
1212
percentpercent
,,
toto
aa
recordrecord
1.431.43
billionbillion
guildersguilder
((
$dollar
878.6878.6
millionmillion
))
fromfrom
1.281.28
billionbillion
asas
demanddemand
forfor
itsits
servicesservice
andand
productsproduct
grewgrow
.
Hansonhanson
Industriesindustry
Northnorth
Americaamerica
,,
thethe
U.S.u.s.
armarm
ofof
Hansonhanson
PLCplc
ofof
Britainbritain
,,
saidsay
Cavenhamcavenham
Forestforest
Industriesindustry
,,
aa
whollywholly
ownedowned
subsidiarysubsidiary
,,
hadhave
agreedagree
toto
sellsell
propertiesproperty
inin
thethe
Americanamerican
Southsouth
toto
Weyerhaeuserweyerhaeuser
Co.co.
forfor
$dollar
500500
.
HANSONhanson
.
Thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
hashave
askedask
forfor
informationinformation
fromfrom
thethe
Frenchfrench
governmentgovernment
inin
responseresponse
toto
chargescharge
byby
Scandinavianscandinavian
Airlinesairline
Systemsystem
thatthat
Airair
Francefrance
isbe
usinguse
statestate
aidaid
inin
aa
farefare
warwar
inin
breachbreach
ofof
EUeu
conditionscondition
onon
aa
governmentgovernment
rescuerescue
programprogram
.
Cimentsciments
Fran‡aisfran‡ais
SAsa
postedpost
19951995
netnet
profitprofit
ofof
275275
millionmillion
francsfranc
((
$dollar
55.155.1
millionmillion
))
,,
reversingreverse
aa
lossloss
ofof
171171
millionmillion
francsfranc
inin
19941994
,,
asas
reducedreduced
fixedfixed
costscost
andand
increasedincreased
productivityproductivity
helpedhelp
itit
overcomeovercome
threethree
yearsyear
ofof
lossesloss
.
CIMENTSciments
FRAN‡AISfran‡ais
.
Novonovo
Nordisknordisk
A/Sa/s
,,
aa
Danishdanish
biotechnologybiotechnology
andand
pharmaceuticalspharmaceutical
companycompany
,,
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
thethe
U.S.u.s.
Courtcourt
ofof
Appealsappeal
forfor
thethe
Federalfederal
Circuitcircuit
hadhave
reversedreverse
ana
injunctioninjunction
fromfrom
aa
lowerlow
courtcourt
thatthat
blockedblock
salessale
ofof
itsits
genetically-engineeredgenetically-engineered
humanhuman
growthgrowth
hormonehormone
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
Hansonhanson
Industriesindustry
Northnorth
Americaamerica
,,
thethe
U.S.u.s.
armarm
ofof
Hansonhanson
PLCplc
ofof
Britainbritain
,,
saidsay
Cavenhamcavenham
Forestforest
Industriesindustry
,,
aa
whollywholly
ownedowned
subsidiarysubsidiary
,,
hadhave
agreedagree
toto
sellsell
propertiesproperty
inin
thethe
Americanamerican
Southsouth
toto
Weyerhaeuserweyerhaeuser
Co.co.
forfor
$dollar
500500
millionmillion
.
HANSONhanson
.
Thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
hashave
askedask
forfor
informationinformation
fromfrom
thethe
Frenchfrench
governmentgovernment
inin
responseresponse
toto
chargescharge
byby
Scandinavianscandinavian
Airlinesairline
Systemsystem
thatthat
Airair
Francefrance
isbe
usinguse
statestate
aidaid
inin
aa
farefare
warwar
inin
breachbreach
ofof
EUeu
conditionscondition
onon
aa
governmentgovernment
rescuerescue
programprogram
.
Cimentsciments
Fran‡aisfran‡ais
SAsa
postedpost
19951995
netnet
profitprofit
ofof
275275
millionmillion
francsfranc
((
$dollar
55.155.1
millionmillion
))
,,
reversingreverse
aa
lossloss
ofof
171171
millionmillion
francsfranc
inin
19941994
,,
asas
reducedreduced
fixedfixed
costscost
andand
increasedincreased
productivityproductivity
helpedhelp
itit
overcomeovercome
threethree
yearsyear
ofof
losseslosses
.
CIMENTSciments
FRAN‡AISfran‡ais
.
Novonovo
Nordisknordisk
A/Sa/s
,,
aa
Danishdanish
biotechnologybiotechnology
andand
pharmaceuticalspharmaceutical
companycompany
,,
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
thethe
U.S.u.s.
Courtcourt
ofof
Appealsappeal
forfor
thethe
Federalfederal
Circuitcircuit
hadhave
reversedreverse
ana
injunctioninjunction
fromfrom
aa
lowerlow
courtcourt
thatthat
blockedblock
salessale
ofof
itsits
genetically-engineeredgenetically-engineered
humanhuman
growthgrowth
hormonehormone
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
Christianiachristiania
Bankbank
&&
Kreditkassekreditkasse
ofof
Norwaynorway
saidsay
19951995
netnet
profitprofit
roserise
9090
percentpercent
,,
toto
2.792.79
billionbillion
kronerkroner
((
$dollar
438.3438.3
millionmillion
))
fromfrom
1.471.47
billionbillion
kronerkroner
asas
itit
reversedreverse
1.091.09
billionbillion
kronerkroner
inin
chargescharge
previouslypreviously
setset
asideaside
toto
covercover
badbad
debtdebt
.
Spain'sspain
regulatoryregulatory
authoritiesauthority
reportedlyreportedly
opposeoppose
aa
cablecable
TVtv
dealdeal
reachedreach
lastlast
yearyear
betweenbetween
Telef—nicatelef—nica
dede
Espa–aespa–a
SAsa
andand
Canalcanal
Plusplus
Espa–aespa–a
,,
aa
unitunit
ofof
Canalcanal
Plusplus
SAsa
ofof
Francefrance
,,
thethe
Elel
Paispais
newspapernewspaper
reportedreport
.
CANALcanal
PLUSplus
ESPA–Aespa–a
TELEF—NICAtelef—nica
DEde
ESPA–Aespa–a
.
Kvaernerkvaerner
A/Sa/s
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
itsits
talkstalk
withwith
Trafalgartrafalgar
Househouse
PLCplc
ofof
Britainbritain
werebe
partpart
ofof
aa
planplan
forfor
thethe
shipbuildingshipbuilding
concernconcern
toto
seekseek
growthgrowth
outsideoutside
Norwaynorway
.
Butbut
analystsanalyst
werebe
skepticalskeptical
aboutabout
Kvaerner'skvaerner
latestlate
attemptattempt
toto
broadenbroaden
itsits
businessbusiness
,,
andand
thethe
companycompany
leftleave
itit
openopen
howhow
aa
possiblepossible
cooperationcooperation
withwith
Trafalgartrafalgar
wouldwould
taketake
shapeshape
.
Onon
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
Kvaernerkvaerner
confirmedconfirm
itit
wasbe
discussingdiscuss
aa
possiblepossible
pactpact
withwith
Trafalgartrafalgar
.
Butbut
Kvaernerkvaerner
,,
whichwhich
failedfail
inin
aa
bidbid
forfor
Amecamec
PLCplc
inin
Decemberdecember
,,
hashave
notnot
yetyet
acquiredacquire
anyany
Trafalgartrafalgar
sharesshare
.
""
Kvaernerkvaerner
hashave
beenbe
kickingkick
tirestire
,,
andand
thisthis
seemsseem
likelike
thethe
secondsecond
choicechoice
,,
""
oneone
analystanalyst
saidsay
.
""
Butbut
Ii
ambe
uncertainuncertain
aboutabout
thethe
strategystrategy
..
""
.
Anotheranother
saidsay
,,
""
Thethe
bestgood
thingthing
wouldwould
bebe
ana
agreementagreement
toto
buybuy
outout
thethe
engineeringengineering
andand
construction-relatedconstruction-related
businessesbusiness
..
""
.
Financefinance
Ministerminister
Richardrichard
Huhu
unveiledunveil
aa
budgetbudget
planplan
Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
cutscut
taxestax
andand
stillstill
showsshow
aa
surplussurplus
.
Severalseveral
economistseconomist
termedterm
thethe
budgetbudget
generousgenerous
andand
aimedaim
atat
capturingcapture
votesvote
inin
ana
electionelection
thatthat
isbe
widelywidely
expectedexpect
thisthis
yearyear
.
""
Thisthis
budgetbudget
isbe
moremuch
generousgenerous
thanthan
expectedexpect
,,
""
saidsay
Taytay
Meimei
Yuenyuen
,,
economisteconomist
atat
Crosbycrosby
Securitiessecurity
.
""
Basicallybasically
,,
itit
isbe
veryvery
muchmuch
forfor
electionselection
..
""
.
Butbut
Mamindermaminder
Singhsingh
,,
economisteconomist
atat
Nomuranomura
Researchresearch
Instituteinstitute
Ltd.ltd.
,,
calledcall
itit
""
overalloverall
,,
aa
prudentprudent
andand
pro-businesspro-business
budgetbudget
..
""
.
Aa
parliamentaryparliamentary
electionelection
doesdo
notnot
havehave
toto
bebe
heldhold
beforebefore
Aprilapril
19971997
,,
butbut
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Gohgoh
Chokchok
Tongtong
hashave
indicatedindicate
thatthat
electionselection
werebe
likelylikely
toto
bebe
calledcall
afterafter
thethe
currentcurrent
sessionsession
ofof
Parliamentparliament
endsend
Marchmarch
2121
.
Thethe
projectedprojected
budgetbudget
surplussurplus
ofof
7.17.1
billionbillion
Singaporesingapore
dollarsdollar
((
$dollar
5.055.05
billionbillion
))
forfor
thethe
yearyear
toto
Marchmarch
19971997
allowsallow
forfor
cutscut
inin
individualindividual
incomeincome
taxtax
ratesrate
rangingrange
fromfrom
halfhalf
aa
percentagepercentage
pointpoint
toto
fivefive
percentagepercentage
pointspoint
.
Thethe
budgetbudget
projectsproject
operatingoperating
revenuerevenue
ofof
25.9525.95
billionbillion
dollarsdollar
andand
spendingspending
ofof
18.9018.90
billionbillion
dollarsdollar
.
Mr.mr.
Huhu
alsoalso
proposespropose
toto
cutcut
corporatecorporate
taxtax
ratesrate
byby
oneone
percentagepercentage
pointpoint
,,
toto
2626
percentpercent
,,
andand
propertyproperty
taxtax
toto
1212
percentpercent
fromfrom
1313
percentpercent
.
Paulpaul
Schymyckschymyck
,,
chiefchief
regionalregional
economisteconomist
atat
Canadiancanadian
Imperialimperial
Bankbank
ofof
Commercecommerce
,,
saidsay
thethe
cutcut
inin
corporatecorporate
andand
propertyproperty
taxestax
andand
otherother
concessionsconcession
wouldwould
helphelp
Singaporesingapore
maintainmaintain
itsits
competitivecompetitive
edgeedge
::
.
""
Thethe
timingtiming
ofof
thethe
taxtax
cutcut
isbe
superbsuperb
becausebecause
companiescompany
andand
individualsindividual
inin
Honghong
Kongkong
willwill
bebe
lookinglook
toto
relocaterelocate
aheadahead
ofof
thethe
takeovertakeover
ofof
thethe
Britishbritish
colonycolony
byby
Chinachina
""
.
Thethe
governmentgovernment
alsoalso
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
sellsell
locallocal
investorsinvestor
sharesshare
inin
Singaporesingapore
Telecommunicationstelecommunication
Ltd.ltd.
atat
aa
discountdiscount
toto
thethe
marketmarket
priceprice
.
Whilewhile
atat
leastleast
oneone
economisteconomist
termedterm
thethe
salesale
anotheranother
populistpopulist
,,
election-relatedelection-related
movemove
,,
othersother
saidsay
thethe
government-controlledgovernment-controlled
phonephone
companycompany
neededneed
toto
raiseraise
thethe
amountamount
ofof
itsits
stockstock
inin
individualindividual
handshand
toto
bebe
attractiveattractive
toto
bigbig
investorsinvestor
.
Aboutabout
1212
percentpercent
ofof
Singaporesingapore
Telecomtelecom
stockstock
isbe
heldhold
byby
nongovernmentnongovernment
investorsinvestor
,,
aa
resultresult
ofof
thethe
company'scompany
firstfirst
stockstock
salesale
inin
19931993
.
Thethe
stockstock
willwill
bebe
offeredoffer
atat
aa
discountdiscount
toto
Singaporeanssingaporean
whowho
contributecontribute
toto
thethe
government'sgovernment
Centralcentral
Providentprovident
Fundfund
,,
itsits
mandatorymandatory
retirementretirement
planplan
.
Singaporesingapore
Telecomtelecom
sharesshare
,,
whichwhich
havehave
risenrise
aboutabout
1212
percentpercent
thisthis
yearyear
,,
fellfall
22
centscent
,,
toto
closeclose
atat
3.523.52
dollarsdollar
.
Mr.mr.
Huhu
gavegive
fewfew
detailsdetail
ofof
thethe
salesale
,,
otherother
thanthan
toto
saysay
itit
wouldwould
taketake
placeplace
inin
thethe
secondsecond
halfhalf
ofof
19961996
.
Danieldaniel
Lianlian
,,
regionalregional
economisteconomist
atat
Natwestnatwest
Marketsmarket
,,
saidsay
hehe
wasbe
notnot
suresure
howhow
bigbig
aa
salesale
thethe
governmentgovernment
hadhave
inin
mindmind
,,
butbut
withwith
onlyonly
aboutabout
1212
percentpercent
ofof
itit
havinghave
beenbe
soldsell
,,
thethe
governmentgovernment
""
cancan
actuallyactually
givegive
aa
veryvery
bigbig
tranchetranche
ifif
theythey
wantwant
toto
..
""
.
Telecomtelecom
isbe
thethe
biggestbig
stockstock
onon
thethe
Singaporesingapore
exchangeexchange
,,
withwith
aa
marketmarket
valuevalue
ofof
53.753.7
billionbillion
dollarsdollar
.
Tokaitokai
Bankbank
Ltd.ltd.
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
itit
wouldwould
writewrite
offoff
aboutabout
800800
billionbillion
yenyen
((
$dollar
7.647.64
billionbillion
))
ofof
problemproblem
loansloan
thisthis
yearyear
,,
takingtake
aa
hugehuge
lossloss
inin
hopeshope
ofof
bringingbring
itsits
badbad
debtsdebt
quicklyquickly
underunder
controlcontrol
.
Takashitakashi
Motoimotoi
,,
Tokai'stokai
deputydeputy
presidentpresident
,,
saidsay
thethe
write-offwrite-off
wouldwould
effectivelyeffectively
removeremove
thethe
burdenburden
ofof
problemproblem
loansloan
fromfrom
Tokai'stokai
booksbook
,,
freeingfree
itit
ofof
thethe
uncertaintyuncertainty
overover
badbad
debtdebt
thatthat
hashave
plaguedplague
Japanesejapanese
banksbank
overover
thethe
pastpast
yearyear
.
""
Lookinglook
atat
thethe
situationsituation
atat
homehome
andand
abroadabroad
,,
wewe
arebe
determineddetermine
toto
regainregain
trusttrust
byby
resolvingresolve
thethe
problem-loanproblem-loan
issueissue
quicklyquickly
andand
makingmake
ourour
operationsoperation
moremuch
transparenttransparent
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Otherother
majormajor
Japanesejapanese
banksbank
arebe
widelywidely
expectedexpect
toto
followfollow
Tokai'stokai
exampleexample
.
Daviddavid
Threadgoldthreadgold
,,
ana
analystanalyst
atat
Barclaysbarclays
dede
Zoetezoete
Weddwedd
,,
saidsay
otherother
banksbank
couldcould
followfollow
suitsuit
inin
writingwrite
offoff
problemproblem
loansloan
extendedextend
toto
theirtheir
nonbanknonbank
affiliatesaffiliate
,,
financialfinancial
companiescompany
thatthat
havehave
beenbe
strugglingstruggle
sincesince
Japan'sjapan
propertyproperty
marketmarket
beganbegin
sinkingsink
earlyearly
thisthis
decadedecade
.
Severalseveral
analystsanalyst
havehave
saidsay
thisthis
sectorsector
isbe
wherewhere
thethe
mostmuch
seriousserious
problemsproblem
lielie
inin
thethe
Japanesejapanese
financialfinancial
systemsystem
.
Thethe
bankruptcybankruptcy
filingsfiling
thisthis
monthmonth
ofof
twotwo
Tokyo-basedtokyo-based
financialfinancial
companiescompany
,,
Equionequion
Co.co.
andand
Aichiaichi
Corp.corp.
,,
""
heraldherald
aa
rushrush
ofof
nonbanknonbank
liquidationsliquidation
wewe
expectexpect
toto
seesee
throughthrough
thethe
nextnext
fiscalfiscal
yearyear
,,
""
saidsay
Katsuyukikatsuyuki
Kumagaikumagai
ofof
Teikokuteikoku
Datadata
Bankbank
,,
Japan'sjapan
largestlarge
creditcredit
researchresearch
companycompany
.
""
Timetime
isbe
runningrun
outout
forfor
Japanesejapanese
banksbank
,,
whichwhich
havehave
longlong
supportedsupport
thesethese
indebtedindebted
nonbanksnonbanks
..
""
.
Analystsanalyst
saysay
thethe
nonbanks'nonbanks
failuresfailure
arebe
aa
warningwarning
thatthat
Japan'sjapan
bad-loanbad-loan
crisiscrisis
isbe
hardlyhardly
limitedlimit
toto
itsits
sevenseven
housinghousing
lenderslender
,,
whosewhose
taxpayer-subsidizedtaxpayer-subsidized
bailoutbailout
isbe
beingbe
debateddebate
inin
Parliamentparliament
.
""
Wewe
'vehave
beenbe
sayingsay
toto
ourour
investorsinvestor
thatthat
thethe
housinghousing
loanloan
companies'company
problemproblem
isbe
justjust
aa
smallsmall
hurdlehurdle
toto
overcomeovercome
,,
""
saidsay
Brianbrian
Waterhousewaterhouse
,,
aa
bankingbanking
analystanalyst
atat
Jamesjames
Capelcapel
Pacificpacific
Ltd.ltd.
.
""
Thethe
greatestgreat
dangerdanger
toto
thethe
bankingbanking
industryindustry
isbe
notnot
thethe
badbad
loansloan
thatthat
havehave
beenbe
revealedreveal
;;
itit
'sbe
thosethose
beingbe
carriedcarry
byby
thethe
nonbanksnonbanks
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Waterhousewaterhouse
saidsay
.
""
Thethe
crocodilecrocodile
thatthat
eventuallyeventually
killskill
youyou
isbe
alwaysalways
thethe
oneone
youyou
cacan
n'tnot
seesee
..
""
.
Tokaitokai
saidsay
thatthat
afterafter
thethe
write-offwrite-off
inin
Marchmarch
,,
itit
wouldwould
havehave
setset
asideaside
enoughenough
reservesreserve
toto
dealdeal
withwith
allall
itsits
940940
billionbillion
yenyen
ofof
badbad
loansloan
toto
bankruptbankrupt
companiescompany
andand
loansloan
onon
whichwhich
interestinterest
paymentspayment
werebe
inin
arrearsarrear
byby
sixsix
monthsmonth
oror
moremuch
.
Becausebecause
ofof
thethe
write-offwrite-off
,,
thethe
bankbank
expectsexpect
aa
parent-companyparent-company
netnet
lossloss
ofof
350350
billionbillion
yenyen
forfor
thethe
yearyear
endingend
Marchmarch
3131
,,
19961996
,,
inin
contrastcontrast
toto
aa
profitprofit
ofof
20.9920.99
billionbillion
yenyen
lastlast
yearyear
,,
andand
itit
plansplan
toto
cutcut
itsits
dividenddividend
forfor
thethe
yearyear
toto
6.506.50
yenyen
aa
shareshare
fromfrom
8.508.50
yenyen
.
Thethe
decisiondecision
markedmark
aa
fundamentalfundamental
changechange
ofof
strategystrategy
forfor
Tokaitokai
,,
oneone
ofof
Japan'sjapan
2121
biggestbig
banksbank
.
Previouslypreviously
,,
itit
saidsay
,,
itit
intendedintend
toto
writewrite
offoff
thethe
problemproblem
loansloan
overover
aa
periodperiod
ofof
yearsyear
,,
coveringcover
themthem
withwith
annualannual
operatingoperating
profitsprofit
.
Nownow
thethe
bankbank
willwill
dipdip
intointo
itsits
reservesreserve
toto
covercover
320320
billionbillion
yenyen
ofof
thethe
write-offswrite-offs
andand
sellsell
somesome
stock-marketstock-market
investmentsinvestment
toto
raiseraise
aboutabout
250250
billionbillion
yenyen
.
Tokaitokai
saidsay
thatthat
inin
additionaddition
toto
previouslypreviously
announcedannounce
restructuringrestructuring
plansplan
,,
itit
wouldwould
cutcut
300300
jobsjob
overover
thethe
nextnext
threethree
yearsyear
,,
bringingbring
totaltotal
cutscut
toto
1,1001,100
betweenbetween
19921992
andand
19981998
.
Thethe
bankbank
hadhave
aboutabout
12,00012,000
employeesemployee
inin
Marchmarch
19951995
.
Thethe
bankbank
alsoalso
saidsay
itit
wouldwould
notnot
awardaward
paypay
raisesraise
basedbase
onon
itsits
profitprofit
inin
thethe
nextnext
financialfinancial
yearyear
andand
wouldwould
cutcut
staffstaff
bonusesbonus
byby
88
percentpercent
.
Itit
alsoalso
reiteratedreiterate
plansplan
toto
closeclose
fourfour
domesticdomestic
branchesbranch
andand
fivefive
overseasoverseas
officesoffice
betweenbetween
Aprilapril
19951995
andand
Marchmarch
19981998
.
Mr.mr.
Motoimotoi
saidsay
Tokai'stokai
write-offwrite-off
planplan
forfor
Marchmarch
includedinclude
dealingdeal
withwith
problemproblem
loansloan
toto
mortgagemortgage
companiescompany
,,
suggestingsuggest
thatthat
thethe
bankbank
expectedexpect
thethe
government'sgovernment
bailoutbailout
planplan
toto
prevailprevail
overover
politicalpolitical
oppositionopposition
.
Mobilmobil
Corp.corp.
onon
Wednesdaywednesday
formallyformally
launchedlaunch
itsits
plannedplanned
bidbid
ofof
1.641.64
billionbillion
Australianaustralian
dollarsdollar
((
$dollar
1.241.24
billionbillion
))
forfor
Ampolexampolex
Ltd.ltd.
,,
butbut
thethe
oiloil
production-and-explorationproduction-and-exploration
concernconcern
quicklyquickly
rejectedreject
thethe
offeroffer
asas
inadequateinadequate
.
Twotwo
weeksweek
agoago
,,
whenwhen
Mobilmobil
discloseddisclose
termsterm
ofof
itsits
offeroffer
,,
thethe
priceprice
ofof
4.254.25
dollarsdollar
aa
shareshare
representedrepresent
aa
3434
percentpercent
premiumpremium
toto
Ampolex'sampolex
marketmarket
priceprice
.
Thethe
sharesshare
roserise
55
centscent
,,
toto
4.304.30
,,
aheadahead
ofof
Mobil'smobil
announcementannouncement
Wednesdaywednesday
.
Butbut
nownow
,,
""
Ii
dodo
n'tnot
thinkthink
thethe
marketmarket
isbe
dismissingdismiss
thethe
ideaidea
ofof
aa
possiblepossible
counterbidcounterbid
,,
""
saidsay
Paulpaul
Jenkinsjenkins
,,
investmentinvestment
directordirector
atat
Armstrongarmstrong
Jonesjones
Investmentinvestment
Managementmanagement
,,
althoughalthough
""
itit
wouldwould
havehave
toto
bebe
fromfrom
offshoreoffshore
,,
oneone
ofof
thethe
bigbig
majorsmajor
..
""
.
Mr.mr.
Jenkinsjenkins
saidsay
investorsinvestor
wouldwould
probablyprobably
pushpush
forfor
aa
higherhigh
priceprice
forfor
theirtheir
sharesshare
despitedespite
thethe
premiumpremium
builtbuild
intointo
Mobil'smobil
offeroffer
.
""
Thethe
wayway
thethe
gamegame
isbe
playedplay
isbe
,,
shareholdersshareholder
willwill
saysay
itit
'sbe
notnot
enoughenough
,,
andand
Ampolexampolex
willwill
saysay
itit
'sbe
notnot
enoughenough
,,
andand
theythey
'llwill
waitwait
untiluntil
Mobilmobil
comescome
backback
withwith
aa
bettergood
offeroffer
..
""
.
Ampolexampolex
saidsay
itit
askedask
Morganmorgan
Stanleystanley
&&
Co.co.
andand
Macquariemacquarie
Bankbank
toto
examineexamine
alternativesalternative
toto
Mobil'smobil
bidbid
.
Mobilmobil
saidsay
Feb.feb.
1515
itit
hadhave
acquiredacquire
aa
14.914.9
percentpercent
stakestake
inin
Ampolexampolex
throughthrough
tradingtrading
inin
sharesshare
andand
optionsoption
onon
thethe
openopen
marketmarket
.
Industrialindustrial
productionproduction
roserise
aa
weaker-than-expectedweaker-than-expected
0.50.5
percentpercent
inin
Januaryjanuary
fromfrom
Decemberdecember
,,
thethe
Ministryministry
ofof
Internationalinternational
Tradetrade
andand
Industryindustry
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
,,
andand
manufacturersmanufacturer
predictedpredict
aa
steepsteep
fallfall
inin
outputoutput
inin
Marchmarch
.
Thethe
twotwo
developmentsdevelopment
suggestsuggest
thethe
roadroad
toto
recoveryrecovery
willwill
bebe
slowslow
andand
arduousarduous
andand
underminedundermined
byby
marketmarket
expectationsexpectation
ofof
greatergreat
strengthstrength
.
Thethe
Nikkeinikkei
225-stock225-stock
indexindex
fellfall
80.4380.43
pointspoint
,,
toto
19,919.9719,919.97
,,
itsits
firstfirst
closeclose
belowbelow
20,00020,000
pointspoint
thisthis
yearyear
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
seeingsee
aa
modestmodest
cyclicalcyclical
recoveryrecovery
inin
Japanjapan
,,
andand
thethe
keykey
wordword
isbe
''
modestmodest
''
,,
""
saidsay
Cameroncameron
Umetsuumetsu
,,
chiefchief
economisteconomist
atat
UBSubs
Securitiessecurity
Ltdltd
.
Thethe
riserise
inin
productionproduction
inin
Januaryjanuary
wasbe
thethe
fourthfourth
monthlymonthly
climbclimb
inin
aa
rowrow
.
Butbut
manufacturersmanufacturer
polledpoll
byby
thethe
industryindustry
saidsay
theythey
expectedexpect
aa
riserise
ofof
1.51.5
percentpercent
inin
Februaryfebruary
toto
bebe
followedfollow
byby
aa
dropdrop
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,,
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,,
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inin
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))
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,,
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sheshe
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onon
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nightnight
,,
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anyoneanyone
elseelse
,,
""
sheshe
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.
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,,
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night'snight
programprogram
,,
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Celebrationcelebration
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Lifelife
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,,
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Wittwitt
,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
Gordeevagordeeva
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.
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,,
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,,
sheshe
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quickenedquicken
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,,
letlet
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toto
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faceface
.
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sheshe
hadhave
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,,
sheshe
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herher
daughterdaughter
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mothermother
,,
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,,
asas
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blondeblonde
,,
3-year-old3-year-old
Dariadaria
nearbynearby
,,
Gordeevagordeeva
toldtell
thethe
sell-outsell-out
crowdcrowd
::
""
Tonighttonight
,,
Ii
skatedskate
withwith
Sergeisergei
.
Thatthat
'sbe
whywhy
itit
wasbe
soso
goodgood
""
.
Fieldingfielding
willwill
likelylikely
bebe
thethe
decidingdeciding
factorfactor
inin
Worldworld
Cupcup
cricket'scricket
Groupgroup
Bb
matchmatch
Thursdaythursday
betweenbetween
Pakistanpakistan
,,
thethe
defendingdefending
championchampion
,,
andand
Southsouth
Africaafrica
.
Thethe
Southsouth
Africansafrican
displayeddisplay
unmatchedunmatched
skillsskill
inin
stoppingstop
andand
catchingcatch
thethe
ballball
againstagainst
Newnew
Zealandzealand
andand
Englandengland
,,
thethe
otherother
Groupgroup
Bb
teamsteam
.
Althoughalthough
Pakistanpakistan
isbe
evenlyevenly
matchedmatch
withwith
Southsouth
Africaafrica
inin
battingbat
andand
bowlingbowl
,,
itsits
fieldingfielding
hashave
traditionallytraditionally
beenbe
weakweak
.
Thethe
clashclash
willwill
alsoalso
bebe
Pakistan'spakistan
firstfirst
realreal
testtest
afterafter
itit
crushedcrush
debutantesdebutante
,,
Unitedunited
Arabarab
Emiratesemirates
andand
thethe
Netherlandsnetherlands
,,
inin
thethe
firstfirst
twotwo
outingsouting
.
Thethe
lastlast
timetime
thethe
twotwo
teamsteam
metmeet
,,
Southsouth
Africaafrica
beatbeat
Pakistanpakistan
,,
2-02-0
,,
inin
thethe
quadrangularquadrangular
one-dayone-day
finalsfinal
andand
thrashedthrash
themthem
inin
thethe
one-offone-off
testtest
byby
ana
inninginning
.
Westwest
Indiesindies
,,
onceonce
thethe
mostmuch
fearedfeared
teamteam
inin
internationalinternational
cricketcricket
,,
isbe
facingface
whatwhat
thethe
team'steam
managermanager
,,
Weswes
Hallhall
,,
describesdescribe
asas
""
aa
veryvery
crucialcrucial
matchmatch
""
Thursdaythursday
againstagainst
Kenyakenya
.
""
Atat
anyany
costcost
wewe
havehave
toto
winwin
thisthis
matchmatch
,,
sincesince
wewe
havehave
lostlose
fourfour
pointspoint
inin
thethe
leagueleague
encountersencounter
,,
""
thethe
formerformer
fastfast
bowlerbowler
saidsay
.
Hallhall
wasbe
referringrefer
toto
hishis
team'steam
five-wicketfive-wicket
defeatdefeat
byby
Indiaindia
inin
Gwaliorgwalior
andand
itsits
forfeitureforfeiture
ofof
thethe
matchmatch
againstagainst
Srisri
Lankalanka
inin
Colombocolombo
becausebecause
ofof
safetysafety
fearsfear
.
Westwest
Indies'indies
solitarysolitary
victoryvictory
wasbe
byby
sixsix
wicketswicket
inin
itsits
openingopening
gamegame
againstagainst
Zimbabwezimbabwe
.
Kenyakenya
havehave
lostlose
allall
threethree
Groupgroup
Aa
gamesgame
.
Itsits
latestlate
defeatdefeat
wasbe
Tuesdaytuesday
againstagainst
Zimbabwezimbabwe
.
Thethe
Pakistanpakistan
Cricketcricket
Board'sboard
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
,,
Arifarif
Aliali
Abbasiabbasi
,,
facedface
withwith
mountingmounting
criticismcriticism
overover
thethe
lacklack
ofof
Worldworld
Cupcup
crowdscrowd
inin
Pakistanpakistan
,,
saidsay
Wednesdaywednesday
::
""
Youyou
cacan
n'tnot
arrestarrest
themthem
andand
putput
themthem
inin
""
.
Abbasiabbasi
denieddeny
thatthat
thethe
eventevent
hadhave
notnot
beenbe
marketedmarket
wellwell
enoughenough
.
Whilewhile
crowdscrowd
havehave
packedpack
thethe
stadiumsstadium
inin
Indiaindia
,,
spectatorsspectator
havehave
resolutelyresolutely
stayedstay
awayaway
fromfrom
gamesgame
inin
Pakistanpakistan
.
Nono
attendanceattendance
figuresfigure
havehave
beenbe
publishedpublish
herehere
,,
butbut
acrossacross
thethe
borderborder
inin
Bombaybombay
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
moremuch
thanthan
40,00040,000
fansfan
watchedwatch
Australiaaustralia
defeatdefeat
Indiaindia
,,
whilewhile
so-calledso-called
low-keylow-key
gamesgame
involvinginvolve
qualifiersqualifier
likelike
Kenyakenya
havehave
attractedattract
crowdscrowd
ofof
20,00020,000
.
Cricketingcricketing
lorelore
declaresdeclare
thatthat
ifif
aa
teamteam
landsland
onon
aa
""
Nelsonnelson
""
--
thethe
scorescore
ofof
111111
oror
anyany
multiplemultiple
thereofthereof
--
badbad
luckluck
isbe
suresure
toto
followfollow
.
Indiaindia
reachedreach
222222
forfor
sevenseven
,,
thethe
dreadeddreaded
""
doubledouble
Nelsonnelson
,,
""
againstagainst
Australiaaustralia
toto
setset
thethe
umpireumpire
,,
Daviddavid
Shepherdshepherd
,,
hoppinghop
.
Thethe
onlyonly
wayway
outout
,,
asas
Shepherdshepherd
demonstrateddemonstrate
,,
isbe
toto
keepkeep
oneone
legleg
offoff
thethe
groundground
untiluntil
thethe
scorescore
changeschange
.
Thethe
formerformer
Gloucestershiregloucestershire
playerplayer
dulyduly
obligedoblige
untiluntil
thethe
Indiansindian
scoredscore
thethe
nextnext
runrun
.
Thethe
firstfirst
gamegame
withoutwithout
Kerrykerry
Kittleskittle
wasbe
roughrough
forfor
Villanovavillanova
,,
ana
11-point11-point
lossloss
toto
Connecticutconnecticut
atat
homehome
.
Thethe
secondsecond
gamegame
ofof
thethe
seniorsenior
guard'sguard
three-gamethree-game
suspensionsuspension
forfor
unauthorizedunauthorized
useuse
ofof
aa
universityuniversity
telephonetelephone
creditcredit
cardcard
wentgo
aa
lotlot
smoothersmooth
::
aa
76-7176-71
victoryvictory
atat
Bostonboston
Collegecollege
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
nightnight
.
Thatthat
leavesleave
thethe
seasonseason
finalefinale
Saturdaysaturday
atat
Georgetowngeorgetown
,,
andand
thenthen
Kittleskittle
willwill
bebe
backback
.
Alvinalvin
Williamswilliams
,,
thethe
otherother
guardguard
forfor
thethe
sixth-rankedsixth-ranked
Wildcatswildcat
,,
camecome
upup
bigbig
againstagainst
Bostonboston
Collegecollege
withwith
aa
career-highcareer-high
2424
pointspoint
,,
includinginclude
aa
back-breakingback-breaking
3-pointer3-pointer
withwith
11
::
0101
toto
playplay
.
""
Hehe
'sbe
aa
greatgreat
,,
greatgreat
playerplayer
.
Butbut
wewe
havehave
somesome
otherother
guysguys
,,
""
Villanova'svillanova
coachcoach
,,
Stevesteve
Lappaslappas
,,
saidsay
ofof
Kittleskittle
,,
whowho
isbe
1313
pointspoint
fromfrom
becomingbecome
thethe
school'sschool
careercareer
scoringscoring
leaderleader
.
""
Youyou
cacan
n'tnot
bebe
inin
thethe
toptop
sixsix
likelike
wewe
'vehave
beenbe
allall
yearyear
andand
justjust
havehave
oneone
guyguy
""
.
Ericeric
Eberzeberz
hadhave
2525
pointspoint
forfor
Villanovavillanova
((
24-424-4
,,
14-314-3
Bigbig
Easteast
))
.
No.no.
11
Kentuckykentucky
8888
,,
Auburnauburn
7373
.
Thethe
Wildcatswildcat
((
25-125-1
,,
15-015-0
SECsec
))
wonwin
theirtheir
24th24th
straightstraight
andand
arebe
withinwithin
oneone
gamegame
ofof
thethe
firstfirst
unbeatenunbeaten
seasonseason
inin
thethe
Southeasternsoutheastern
Conferenceconference
sincesince
Alabamaalabama
inin
19561956
.
Tonytony
Delkdelk
hadhave
1515
pointspoint
toto
leadlead
visitingvisiting
Kentuckykentucky
.
Franklinfranklin
Williamswilliams
ledlead
thethe
Tigerstiger
((
18-1018-10
,,
6-96-9
))
withwith
2222
pointspoint
.
Providenceprovidence
8484
,,
No.no.
88
Georgetowngeorgetown
7777
.
Thethe
Friarsfriar
((
16-916-9
,,
9-89-8
Bigbig
Easteast
))
hadhave
fivefive
playersplayer
inin
doubledouble
figuresfigure
,,
nevernever
trailedtrail
andand
closedclose
outout
thethe
homehome
victoryvictory
byby
makingmake
eighteight
ofof
1010
freefree
throwsthrow
inin
thethe
finalfinal
5151
secondssecond
.
Allenallen
Iversoniverson
hadhave
3434
pointspoint
forfor
thethe
Hoyashoyas
((
23-623-6
,,
12-512-5
))
.
No.no.
1313
Wakewake
Forestforest
8484
,,
No.no.
1919
Northnorth
Carolinacarolina
6060
.
Thethe
Demondemon
Deaconsdeacon
((
19-519-5
,,
11-411-4
Atlanticatlantic
Coastcoast
Conferenceconference
))
wonwin
theirtheir
19th19th
straightstraight
homehome
gamegame
andand
movedmove
withinwithin
one-halfone-half
gamegame
ofof
first-placefirst-place
Georgiageorgia
Techtech
inin
thethe
leagueleague
racerace
.
Thethe
Tartar
Heelsheel
((
19-919-9
,,
9-69-6
))
,,
whowho
havehave
lostlose
fivefive
ofof
eighteight
andand
cancan
finishfinish
nono
higherhigh
thanthan
thirdthird
.
Theythey
'vehave
reachedreach
5050
victoriesvictory
fasterfast
thanthan
anyany
teamteam
inin
Nationalnational
Basketballbasketball
Associationassociation
historyhistory
,,
butbut
thethe
Chicagochicago
Bullsbull
arebe
farfar
fromfrom
wherewhere
theythey
wantwant
toto
bebe
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
justjust
motoringmotor
alongalong
,,
""
Michaelmichael
Jordanjordan
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
nightnight
afterafter
hehe
bailedbail
outout
thethe
lacklusterlackluster
Bullsbull
inin
thethe
fourthfourth
quarterquarter
asas
theythey
beatbeat
thethe
Minnesotaminnesota
Timberwolvestimberwolves
,,
120-99120-99
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
playingplay
uglyugly
basketballbasketball
andand
wewe
'rebe
winningwin
.
Ii
thinkthink
wewe
havehave
toto
putput
somesome
touchestouch
onon
ourour
gamegame
aa
littlelittle
""
.
Thethe
Bullsbull
((
50-650-6
))
reachedreach
5050
victoriesvictory
inin
5656
gamesgame
,,
oneone
bettergood
thanthan
thethe
1982-831982-83
Philadelphiaphiladelphia
76ers76ers
whowho
startedstart
50-750-7
enen
routeroute
toto
aa
65-1765-17
seasonseason
andand
aa
titletitle
.
Jordanjordan
hadhave
3535
pointspoint
,,
includinginclude
1111
eacheach
inin
thethe
thirdthird
andand
fourthfourth
quartersquarter
,,
asas
thethe
Bullsbull
finallyfinally
putput
thethe
Timberwolvestimberwolves
awayaway
withwith
aa
latelate
spurtspurt
.
Tonitoni
Kukockukoc
,,
whosewhose
40-foot40-foot
bankbank
shotshot
atat
thethe
buzzerbuzzer
gavegive
thethe
Bullsbull
aa
58-5558-55
halftimehalftime
leadlead
,,
addedadd
2323
pointspoint
--
includinginclude
ninenine
inin
thethe
fourthfourth
quarterquarter
.
Dennisdennis
Rodmanrodman
finishedfinish
withwith
aa
season-highseason-high
2424
reboundsrebound
.
Scottiescottie
Pippenpippen
,,
20-of-6920-of-69
inin
thethe
lastlast
fourfour
gamesgame
,,
scoredscore
1616
pointspoint
.
Rocketsrocket
105105
,,
Raptorsraptor
100100
.
Inin
Houstonhouston
,,
Kennykenny
Smithsmith
,,
whowho
wasbe
benchedbench
forfor
1111
ofof
1212
gamesgame
beforebefore
leadinglead
aa
victoryvictory
overover
thethe
Lakerslakers
onon
Saturdaysaturday
,,
scoredscore
2121
pointspoint
toto
helphelp
thethe
Rocketsrocket
holdhold
offoff
thethe
Raptorsraptor
.
Hakeemhakeem
Olajuwonolajuwon
gotget
3535
pointspoint
,,
1515
reboundsrebound
andand
fivefive
blockedblocked
shotsshot
.
76ers76ers
121121
,,
Mavericksmaverick
115115
.
Inin
Dallasdallas
,,
Clarenceclarence
Weatherspoonweatherspoon
scoredscore
aa
season-highseason-high
2727
pointspoint
,,
Vernonvernon
Maxwellmaxwell
hadhave
2525
andand
Trevortrevor
Ruffinruffin
2121
.
Clippersclipper
9595
,,
Spursspur
9090
.
Loslos
Angelesangeles
wonwin
forfor
onlyonly
thethe
secondsecond
timetime
inin
1515
gamesgame
asas
Brianbrian
Williamswilliams
mademake
sixsix
crucialcrucial
foulfoul
shotsshot
inin
thethe
finalfinal
25.225.2
secondssecond
.
Daviddavid
Robinsonrobinson
scoredscore
2828
pointspoint
forfor
thethe
Spursspur
.
Nuggetsnugget
9696
,,
Bulletsbullet
9292
.
Denverdenver
overcameovercome
injuriesinjury
toto
Dondon
MacLeanmaclean
andand
Dikembedikembe
Mutombomutombo
,,
gettingget
clutchclutch
foulfoul
shotsshot
fromfrom
Dougdoug
Overtonoverton
andand
NBAnba
freefree
throwthrow
leaderleader
Mahmoudmahmoud
Abdul-Raufabdul-rauf
.
Hornetshornet
8888
,,
Bucksbucks
8484
.
Inin
Milwaukeemilwaukee
,,
Glennglenn
Robinsonrobinson
tippedtip
aa
missedmissed
freefree
throwthrow
intointo
thethe
wrongwrong
basketbasket
withwith
sevenseven
secondssecond
leftleave
,,
givinggive
Charlottecharlotte
aa
five-pointfive-point
leadlead
thatthat
sealedseal
thethe
outcomeoutcome
.
Heatheat
9393
,,
Netsnet
9090
.
Inin
Easteast
Rutherfordrutherford
,,
Newnew
Jerseyjersey
,,
thethe
Netsnet
hadhave
threethree
chanceschance
toto
gogo
aheadahead
inin
thethe
finalfinal
minuteminute
andand
couldcould
n'tnot
scorescore
,,
andand
Timtim
Hardawayhardaway
mademake
twotwo
freefree
throwsthrow
withwith
threethree
secondssecond
leftleave
.
Inin
otherother
gamesgame
,,
thethe
Cavalierscavalier
defeateddefeat
thethe
Warriorswarrior
,,
92-8092-80
,,
andand
thethe
beatbeat
thethe
Trailtrail
Blazersblazer
.
Thethe
Atlantaatlanta
Bravesbrave
havehave
reachedreach
aa
dealdeal
toto
relocaterelocate
theirtheir
springspring
trainingtraining
campcamp
toto
Waltwalt
Disneydisney
Worldworld
inin
19981998
.
Disneydisney
luredlure
thethe
Bravesbrave
awayaway
fromfrom
Westwest
Palmpalm
Beachbeach
,,
theirtheir
springspring
trainingtraining
homehome
forfor
3434
seasonsseason
,,
byby
beginningbegin
constructionconstruction
ofof
aa
7,500-seat7,500-seat
stadiumstadium
asas
partpart
ofof
aa
multimillion-dollarmultimillion-dollar
sportssport
complexcomplex
.
Itit
isbe
toto
openopen
inin
springspring
19971997
.
Atat
thethe
samesame
timetime
,,
plansplan
toto
buildbuild
aa
newnew
stadiumstadium
inin
Palmpalm
Beachbeach
Countycounty
fellfall
throughthrough
becausebecause
ofof
disputedispute
betweenbetween
thethe
Bravesbrave
andand
thethe
projectproject
developerdeveloper
overover
parkingparking
andand
whowho
wouldwould
covercover
anyany
costcost
overrunsoverrun
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
disappointeddisappointed
,,
""
saidsay
Palmpalm
Beachbeach
Countycounty
commissionercommissioner
Karenkaren
Marcusmarcus
,,
whowho
wasbe
toldtell
ofof
thethe
decisiondecision
inin
aa
conferenceconference
callcall
withwith
thethe
Braves'brave
presidentpresident
,,
Stanstan
Kastenkasten
,,
andand
generalgeneral
managermanager
Johnjohn
Schuerholzschuerholz
.
""
Wewe
feltfeel
likelike
thethe
countycounty
negotiatednegotiate
inin
goodgood
faithfaith
forfor
22
1/21/2
yearsyear
andand
thethe
fansfan
ofof
thisthis
communitycommunity
supportedsupport
thethe
teamteam
forfor
overover
3030
yearsyear
----
eveneven
whenwhen
theythey
werebe
n'tnot
worldworld
championschampion
,,
""
Marcusmarcus
saidsay
.
Thethe
Bravesbrave
signedsign
aa
20-year20-year
dealdeal
withwith
Disneydisney
.
Thethe
Clevelandcleveland
Indiansindian
outfielderoutfielder
Albertalbert
Bellebelle
isbe
closeclose
toto
beingbe
finedfine
--
perhapsperhaps
asas
muchmuch
asas
$dollar
50,00050,000
--
oror
suspendedsuspend
forfor
hishis
behaviorbehavior
towardtoward
aa
televisiontelevision
reporterreporter
duringduring
thethe
lastlast
Worldworld
Seriesseries
.
Therethere
hashave
beenbe
nono
finalfinal
decisiondecision
onon
discipliningdiscipline
Bellebelle
forfor
beratingberate
NBCnbc
reporterreporter
Hannahhannah
Stormstorm
beforebefore
Gamegame
33
,,
baseballbaseball
officialsofficial
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
.
Thethe
officialsofficial
,,
whowho
spokespeak
onon
thethe
conditioncondition
theythey
notnot
bebe
identifiedidentify
,,
saidsay
actingacting
commissionercommissioner
Budbud
Seligselig
wasbe
contemplatingcontemplate
eithereither
aa
$dollar
50,00050,000
finefine
oror
aa
suspensionsuspension
.
Ifif
Bellebelle
refusesrefuse
toto
acceptaccept
aa
finefine
,,
Seligselig
willwill
choosechoose
thethe
latterlatter
penaltypenalty
.
Thethe
players'player
unionunion
isbe
involvedinvolve
inin
thethe
negotiationsnegotiation
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Baseball'sbaseball
firstfirst
choicechoice
wasbe
forfor
Bellebelle
toto
agreeagree
toto
counselingcounseling
,,
butbut
Bellebelle
hashave
n'tnot
beenbe
willingwilling
toto
acceptaccept
thatthat
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Thethe
Chicagochicago
Whitewhite
Sox'ssox
leftleft
fielderfielder
Tonytony
Phillipsphillips
hashave
stunnedstun
hishis
newnew
teamteam
byby
announcingannounce
hishis
retirementretirement
.
Phillipsphillips
,,
3636
,,
whowho
signedsign
aa
two-yeartwo-year
,,
$dollar
3.63.6
millionmillion
contractcontract
Jan.jan.
2020
,,
leftleave
campcamp
Saturdaysaturday
andand
returnedreturn
toto
hishis
homehome
inin
Scottsdalescottsdale
,,
Arizonaarizona
,,
forfor
""
familyfamily
reasonsreason
..
""
.
Fromfrom
therethere
hehe
phonedphone
Chicago'schicago
generalgeneral
managermanager
,,
Ronron
Schuelerschueler
,,
andand
saidsay
hehe
wasbe
retiringretire
.
Phillipsphillips
hithit
.261.261
withwith
aa
career-highcareer-high
2727
homershomer
lastlast
yearyear
forfor
Californiacalifornia
.
Martymarty
Cordovacordova
,,
lastlast
year'syear
Americanamerican
Leagueleague
rookierookie
ofof
thethe
yearyear
,,
hashave
agreedagree
toto
aa
four-yearfour-year
contractcontract
withwith
thethe
Minnesotaminnesota
Twinstwin
forfor
$dollar
6.36.3
millionmillion
.
Howhow
goodgood
wouldwould
thethe
Newnew
Yorkyork
Rangersranger
bebe
withoutwithout
Markmark
Messiermessy
??
.
Theythey
hadhave
aa
tastetaste
ofof
itit
Tuesdaytuesday
nightnight
whenwhen
theythey
lostlose
theirtheir
captaincaptain
toto
ana
injuryinjury
earlyearly
inin
thethe
gamegame
andand
thenthen
lostlose
toto
thethe
Washingtonwashington
Capitalscapital
,,
4-34-3
.
""
Obviouslyobviously
,,
nono
oneone
guyguy
cancan
fillfill
inin
forfor
Markmark
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saidsay
Washington'swashington
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,,
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scoredscore
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,,
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,,
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,,
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""
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,,
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,,
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.
Britainbritain
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Wednesdaywednesday
thatthat
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usherusher
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,,
Nationalnational
Heritageheritage
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Virginiavirginia
Bottomleybottomley
saidsay
.
""
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,,
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Universityuniversity
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,,
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Harvardharvard
lawlaw
professorprofessor
Derrickderrick
Bellbell
,,
aa
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ofof
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membersmember
,,
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launchedlaunch
aa
protestprotest
.
Harvard'sharvard
presidentpresident
,,
Neilneil
Rudenstinerudenstine
,,
luredlure
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supportsupport
.
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fourfour
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,,
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,,
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,,
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.
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,,
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,,
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,,
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::
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youyou
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.
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,,
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,,
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aa
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""
.
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,,
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,,
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.
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,,
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,,
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,,
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.
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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passpass
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becamebecome
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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ofof
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,,
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saidsay
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,,
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,,
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,,
aa
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hashave
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.
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inin
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,,
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Academyacademy
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,,
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.
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'shave
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.
""
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,,
""
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.
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knowknow
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bookbook
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..
""
.
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,,
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,,
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,,
""
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77
onon
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.
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poorpoor
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andand
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illill
.
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lookinglook
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womenwoman
,,
aa
spokesmanspokesman
sayssay
.
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suggestionssuggestion
::
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Mommasmommas
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;;
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Internationalinternational
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ofof
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;;
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Helpmeetshelpmeet
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,,
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aa
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,,
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..
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aa
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considerconsider
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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,,
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.
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forfor
aa
freefree
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forfor
herher
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birthdaybirthday
,,
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.
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werebe
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sheshe
gotget
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fromfrom
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.
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Ganzganz
,,
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hashave
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inin
filmsfilm
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directordirector
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,,
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ofof
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Ringring
,,
ana
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toto
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finestfine
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worldworld
.
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ringring
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fromfrom
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toto
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forfor
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yearsyear
.
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mostmost
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wasbe
wornwear
byby
Josefjosef
Meinradmeinrad
,,
aa
much-lovedmuch-loved
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actoractor
whowho
dieddie
Feb.feb.
1818
andand
whowho
leftleave
aa
notenote
,,
dateddate
Jan.jan.
2626
,,
19841984
,,
askingask
forfor
thethe
ringring
,,
uponupon
hishis
deathdeath
,,
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passpass
toto
Ganzganz
.
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Gracegrace
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bebe
marriedmarry
toto
herher
Turkishturkish
bodyguardbodyguard
afterafter
allall
.
Guilherminoguilhermino
Cunhacunha
,,
presidentpresident
ofof
thethe
Supremesupreme
Assemblyassembly
ofof
thethe
Presbyterianpresbyterian
Churchchurch
ofof
Brazilbrazil
,,
saidsay
thethe
""
ministerminister
""
whowho
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atat
Jones'sjones
recentrecent
weddingwedding
inin
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dede
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toto
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Altaunbayaltaunbay
,,
2121
,,
hadhave
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""
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fourfour
yearsyear
agoago
..
""
.
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,,
""
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,,
itit
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aa
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aa
crimecrime
againstagainst
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..
""
.
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withwith
herher
friendfriend
--
andand
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husbandhusband
--
duringduring
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.
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,,
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Parisianparisian
departmentdepartment
storestore
,,
isbe
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itsits
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inin
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amidamid
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forfor
aa
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ofof
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,,
thethe
heartheart
ofof
thethe
city'scity
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thethe
Coldcold
Warwar
.
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guestsguest
,,
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Diepgendiepgen
andand
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,,
Fran‡oisfran‡ois
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,,
attendedattend
aa
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.
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opensopen
toto
thethe
publicpublic
Thursdaythursday
.
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anxiousanxious
,,
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,,
joyfuljoyful
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formsform
everyevery
dayday
inin
aa
windowedwindowed
hallhall
ofof
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Interiorinterior
Ministryministry
inin
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Citycity
.
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ofof
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,,
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,,
isbe
aa
greengreen
andand
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passportpassport
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withwith
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eagleeagle
andand
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ofof
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.
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Palestinianpalestinian
passportpassport
isbe
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powerfulpowerful
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forfor
aa
peoplepeople
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identityidentity
hashave
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sincesince
19481948
asas
""
refugeerefugee
..
""
.
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isbe
aa
tangibletangible
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timestime
andand
aa
curecure
,,
perhapsperhaps
,,
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andand
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atat
borderborder
crossingscrossing
aroundaround
thethe
worldworld
.
""
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'sbe
overwhelmingoverwhelming
,,
""
saidsay
Mohammedmohammed
Albeltajialbeltaji
,,
6161
,,
clutchingclutch
hishis
firstfirst
passportpassport
tightlytightly
andand
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allall
thethe
timestime
hehe
wasbe
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atat
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whenwhen
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documentdocument
hehe
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holdhold
.
""
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'sbe
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thethe
imaginationimagination
.
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everyoneeveryone
willwill
knowknow
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ambe
..
""
.
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arebe
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entirelyentirely
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,,
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issuerissuer
notnot
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aa
statestate
.
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meansmean
somethingsomething
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nownow
afterafter
decadesdecade
ofof
rhetoricrhetoric
andand
bloodybloody
strugglestruggle
.
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thisthis
crucialcrucial
timetime
ofof
transitiontransition
inin
thethe
longlong
conflictconflict
betweenbetween
Arabsarab
andand
Jewsjew
,,
aa
surveysurvey
ofof
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self-ruleself-rule
inin
thethe
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
andand
Westwest
Bankbank
showsshow
thatthat
thethe
nucleusnucleus
ofof
ana
independentindependent
homelandhomeland
hashave
formedform
andand
isbe
takingtake
onon
thethe
attributesattribute
ofof
aa
statestate
.
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monthmonth
sawsee
thethe
firstfirst
democraticdemocratic
electionelection
forfor
Palestinianpalestinian
leadershipleadership
.
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monthmonth
Yasseryasser
Arafatarafat
placedplace
hishis
rightright
handhand
onon
aa
Korankoran
andand
sworeswear
ana
oathoath
ofof
officeoffice
""
toto
maintainmaintain
thethe
interestsinterest
ofof
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
peopleperson
andand
theirtheir
landland
,,
andand
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fulfillfulfill
theirtheir
nationalnational
aspirationsaspiration
,,
asas
Godgod
isbe
mymy
witnesswitness
..
""
.
Inin
aa
grandlygrandly
domeddomed
structurestructure
offoff
Omaromar
Mukhtarmukhtar
Streetstreet
,,
fromfrom
whichwhich
foreignersforeigner
ruledrule
Gazagaza
forfor
3838
yearsyear
,,
therethere
arebe
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microphonesmicrophone
onon
8888
desksdesk
awaitingawait
thethe
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thatthat
wasbe
electedelect
withwith
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
.
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thethe
newnew
leadersleader
conveneconvene
Marchmarch
77
inin
thethe
Whitewhite
Househouse
governmentgovernment
buildingbuilding
builtbuild
byby
Gamalgamal
Abdelabdel
Nassernasser
,,
thenthen
thethe
presidentpresident
ofof
Egyptegypt
,,
theythey
willwill
governgovern
theirtheir
peopleperson
withwith
manymany
ofof
sovereignty'ssovereignty
practicalpractical
powerspower
.
Thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
Authorityauthority
fliesfly
aa
nationalnational
flagflag
andand
issuesissue
licenselicense
platesplate
,,
businessbusiness
permitspermit
andand
stampsstamp
.
Itit
writeswrite
lawslaw
andand
enforcesenforce
themthem
,,
collectscollect
salessale
andand
incomeincome
taxestax
,,
issuesissue
internationalinternational
contractcontract
tenderstender
andand
conductsconduct
diplomacydiplomacy
atat
thethe
levellevel
ofof
foreignforeign
ministerminister
andand
headhead
ofof
statestate
.
Itsits
khaki-cladkhaki-clad
policepolice
forceforce
ofof
30,00030,000
,,
equippedequip
withwith
modernmodern
assaultassault
riflesrifle
andand
armoredarmored
personnelpersonnel
carrierscarrier
,,
isbe
ana
armyarmy
byby
anyany
otherother
namename
,,
albeitalbeit
aa
modestmodest
oneone
.
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thethe
placesplace
wherewhere
thethe
2.32.3
millionmillion
Palestinianspalestinian
ofof
thethe
long-disputedlong-disputed
territoriesterritory
livelive
--
inin
thethe
360-square-kilometer360-square-kilometer
((
139-square-mile139-square-mile
))
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
andand
thethe
townstown
andand
citiescity
ofof
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
--
therethere
isbe
nono
otherother
formform
ofof
governmentgovernment
.
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decisivedecisive
roundround
ofof
talkstalk
betweenbetween
Palestinianspalestinian
andand
Israelisrael
willwill
startstart
inin
Maymay
.
Negotiatorsnegotiator
willwill
trytry
toto
decidedecide
wherewhere
Israel'sisrael
permanentpermanent
bordersborder
willwill
lielie
,,
howhow
muchmuch
territoryterritory
thethe
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willwill
rulerule
andand
whetherwhether
thethe
Palestinianspalestinian
willwill
reachreach
fullfull
independenceindependence
inin
thethe
endend
.
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,,
thethe
emergingemerging
Palestinianpalestinian
statestate
isbe
overmatchedovermatch
andand
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inin
checkcheck
byby
thethe
regionalregional
superpowersuperpower
atat
itsits
sideside
.
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historichistoric
accordsaccord
ofof
thethe
lastlast
twotwo
yearsyear
,,
underunder
whichwhich
Israelisrael
hashave
withdrawnwithdraw
fromfrom
somesome
ofof
thethe
landland
itit
conqueredconquer
inin
thethe
19671967
warwar
,,
havehave
leftleave
aa
hodgepodgehodgepodge
ofof
sovereigntysovereignty
onon
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
aa
politicalpolitical
mapmap
soso
fullfull
ofof
spotsspot
thatthat
Palestinianspalestinian
callcall
itit
""
thethe
leopardleopard
..
""
.
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likelike
bordersborder
arebe
underunder
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controlcontrol
,,
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thosethose
fromfrom
Gazagaza
toto
Egyptegypt
andand
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
toto
Jordanjordan
.
Whenwhen
Israelisrael
wisheswish
--
asas
itit
diddo
thethe
dayday
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
wasbe
swornswear
inin
andand
asas
itit
diddo
afterafter
Sunday'ssunday
terroristterrorist
attacksattack
--
itit
cancan
halthalt
thethe
flowflow
ofof
Palestinianpalestinian
goodsgoods
andand
peopleperson
.
Byby
ana
intricateintricate
systemsystem
ofof
""
liaisonliaison
""
andand
""
coordinationcoordination
""
measuresmeasure
,,
Israelisrael
alsoalso
retainsretain
aa
vetoveto
overover
nearlynearly
everyevery
Palestinianpalestinian
decisiondecision
ofof
economiceconomic
andand
militarymilitary
significancesignificance
.
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
triedtry
toto
buildbuild
aa
seaportseaport
withoutwithout
Israeliisraeli
approvalapproval
inin
19941994
;;
Israelisrael
blockedblock
shipmentshipment
ofof
thethe
requisiterequisite
cementcement
,,
andand
thethe
half-builthalf-built
structurestructure
fellfall
intointo
thethe
seasea
.
Thisthis
yearyear
Israelisrael
haltedhalt
constructionconstruction
ofof
ana
airportairport
untiluntil
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
agreedagree
toto
rotaterotate
thethe
landinglanding
stripstrip
1010
degreesdegree
.
Eveneven
soso
,,
therethere
isbe
growinggrowing
impetusimpetus
toto
independenceindependence
::
inin
thethe
mutualmutual
desiredesire
ofof
Palestinianspalestinian
andand
Israelisisraeli
toto
unclenchunclench
theirtheir
fistsfist
,,
inin
thethe
incrementalincremental
logiclogic
ofof
theirtheir
peacepeace
talkstalk
andand
aboveabove
allall
inin
thethe
democraticdemocratic
willwill
ofof
thethe
Palestinianspalestinian
.
Whenwhen
745,902745,902
menman
andand
womenwoman
turnedturn
outout
toto
votevote
onon
Jan.jan.
2020
,,
withwith
resultsresult
certifiedcertify
,,
wartswart
andand
allall
,,
byby
internationalinternational
observersobserver
,,
theythey
gavegive
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
andand
hishis
electedelected
legislaturelegislature
aa
mandatemandate
thatthat
couldcould
notnot
bebe
claimedclaim
byby
Israeliisraeli
militarymilitary
rulerule
oror
itsits
predecessorspredecessor
inin
powerpower
inin
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
.
""
Whowho
runsrun
nationalnational
electionselection
??
""
askedask
Ziadziad
Abuabu
Amramr
,,
whowho
wonwin
aa
seatseat
onon
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
Councilcouncil
.
""
Nationsnation
""
.
Salimsalim
Zaanounzaanoun
,,
actingacting
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
Nationalnational
Councilcouncil
,,
saidsay
""
twotwo
ideasidea
werebe
droppeddrop
""
whenwhen
Israelisrael
andand
thethe
Palestinepalestine
Liberationliberation
Organizationorganization
signedsign
aa
mutualmutual
recognitionrecognition
agreementagreement
inin
19931993
.
""
Thethe
firstfirst
wasbe
aa
Greatergreater
Israelisrael
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
,,
""
andand
thethe
secondsecond
wasbe
aa
Palestinepalestine
fromfrom
thethe
riverriver
toto
thethe
seasea
.
Thesethese
twotwo
ideasidea
werebe
replacedreplace
byby
oneone
--
thatthat
Palestinepalestine
isbe
twotwo
countriescountry
forfor
twotwo
neighboringneighboring
peoplepeople
..
""
.
Thisthis
limitedlimited
,,
halfwayhalfway
statestate
isbe
gaininggain
aa
holdhold
inin
largelarge
partpart
becausebecause
mostmost
Israelisisraeli
arebe
comingcome
grudginglygrudgingly
toto
acceptaccept
itit
.
Opinionopinion
pollspoll
saysay
theythey
dodo
.
Oneone
remarkableremarkable
measuremeasure
ofof
thethe
changechange
isbe
thatthat
Israeliisraeli
Jewsjew
,,
byby
4141
percentpercent
toto
3434
percentpercent
,,
arebe
nownow
moremuch
inclinedinclined
toto
seesee
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
asas
aa
statesmanstatesman
thanthan
aa
terroristterrorist
,,
accordingaccord
toto
thethe
Tamitami
Steinmetzsteinmetz
Centercenter
forfor
Peacepeace
Studiesstudy
atat
Teltel
Avivaviv
Universityuniversity
.
Thatthat
reversesreverse
aa
decades-longdecades-long
viewview
,,
andand
oneone
stillstill
heldhold
((
4444
percentpercent
toto
2323
percentpercent
))
asas
recentlyrecently
asas
Decemberdecember
19941994
.
Eveneven
moremuch
tellingtelling
,,
perhapsperhaps
,,
isbe
aa
six-yearsix-year
trackingtracking
pollpoll
donedo
byby
aa
Haifahaifa
Universityuniversity
professorprofessor
,,
Asherasher
Arianarian
.
Mostmost
Israelisisraeli
stillstill
opposeoppose
thethe
conceptconcept
ofof
aa
Palestinianpalestinian
statestate
,,
thoughthough
thethe
numbernumber
inin
favorfavor
--
3939
percentpercent
--
isbe
atat
aa
historichistoric
peakpeak
.
Butbut
fullyfully
three-quartersthree-quarters
ofof
Israeliisraeli
Jewsjew
nownow
predictpredict
itit
willwill
happenhappen
withinwithin
aa
decadedecade
.
""
Therethere
'sbe
aa
kindkind
ofof
anticipatoryanticipatory
airair
aboutabout
aa
Palestinianpalestinian
statestate
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Arianarian
saidsay
.
""
Eveneven
wherewhere
peopleperson
opposeoppose
itit
,,
itit
isbe
notnot
foreignforeign
,,
notnot
unthinkableunthinkable
anymoreanymore
..
""
.
Thethe
newnew
Palestinepalestine
,,
inin
turnturn
,,
isbe
emergingemerge
asas
aa
societysociety
thatthat
isbe
losinglose
itsits
zestzest
forfor
combatcombat
,,
althoughalthough
thethe
threatthreat
ofof
extremismextremism
,,
andand
terroristterrorist
attacksattack
byby
militantsmilitant
,,
remainsremain
.
Whenwhen
askedask
whetherwhether
theythey
believebelieve
Israelisrael
hashave
aa
rightright
toto
existexist
,,
accordingaccord
toto
Jamiljamil
Rabahrabah
,,
aa
pollsterpollster
atat
thethe
Jerusalemjerusalem
Mediamedia
andand
Communicationcommunication
Centercenter
,,
6565
percentpercent
ofof
Palestinianspalestinian
questionedquestion
inin
thethe
self-ruleself-rule
zonezone
saysay
nono
.
Butbut
aa
clearclear
majoritymajority
,,
7373
percentpercent
toto
1818
percentpercent
,,
saysay
theythey
supportsupport
thethe
latestlate
peacepeace
dealdeal
signedsign
lastlast
Septemberseptember
.
Palestinianpalestinian
policemenpoliceman
investigatinginvestigate
bombingsbombing
thatthat
killedkill
2727
peopleperson
roundedround
upup
scoresscore
ofof
Islamicislamic
militantsmilitant
inin
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
butbut
thethe
Israeliisraeli
militarymilitary
chiefchief
metmeet
withwith
Yasseryasser
Arafatarafat
inin
thethe
eveningevening
toto
telltell
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
leaderleader
face-to-faceface-to-face
thatthat
,,
thisthis
timetime
,,
Israelisrael
expectedexpect
aa
realreal
crackdowncrackdown
.
Inin
anotheranother
developmentdevelopment
,,
thethe
policepolice
inin
Jerusalemjerusalem
againagain
revisedrevise
theirtheir
judgmentjudgment
ofof
ana
incidentincident
inin
whichwhich
ana
Arab-Americanarab-american
plowedplow
intointo
aa
groupgroup
ofof
peopleperson
atat
aa
pickuppickup
pointpoint
,,
killingkill
aa
womanwoman
andand
injuringinjure
2222
otherother
peoplepeople
,,
andand
saidsay
itit
lookedlook
likelike
aa
deliberatedeliberate
attackattack
.
Thethe
driverdriver
,,
Ahmedahmed
Abdul-Hamidabdul-hamid
Hamidehhamideh
,,
wasbe
shotshoot
andand
killedkill
atat
thethe
scenescene
byby
armedarmed
Israeliisraeli
settlerssettler
.
Thethe
policepolice
firstfirst
announcedannounce
thethe
incidentincident
asas
aa
terroristterrorist
attackattack
,,
thenthen
saidsay
itit
wasbe
probablyprobably
ana
accidentaccident
.
Onon
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
afterafter
furtherfar
investigationsinvestigation
atat
thethe
sitesite
,,
andand
afterafter
newspapernewspaper
accountsaccount
describingdescribe
Mr.mr.
Hamidehhamideh
asas
aa
manman
whowho
ferventlyfervently
embracedembrace
Islamislam
inin
recentrecent
monthsmonth
,,
thethe
policepolice
saidsay
thatthat
""
inin
allall
probabilityprobability
""
thethe
driverdriver
intentionallyintentionally
drovedrive
intointo
thethe
crowdcrowd
.
Thethe
pickuppickup
pointpoint
hehe
struckstrike
isbe
frequentedfrequent
byby
Israeliisraeli
settlerssettler
hitchinghitch
ridesride
toto
Westwest
Bankbank
settlementssettlement
.
Thethe
meetingmeeting
betweenbetween
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
andand
Lieutenantlieutenant
Generalgeneral
Amnonamnon
Shahakshahak
,,
thethe
Israeliisraeli
Armyarmy
chiefchief
ofof
staffstaff
,,
wasbe
oneone
ofof
severalseveral
sternstern
reactionsreaction
byby
Israelisrael
toto
thethe
twotwo
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
onon
Sundaysunday
inin
whichwhich
2727
personsperson
werebe
killedkill
,,
includinginclude
thethe
twotwo
bombersbomber
.
Thethe
mostmuch
severesevere
reactionreaction
wasbe
toto
sealseal
Gazagaza
andand
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
toto
traveltravel
bothboth
inin
oror
outout
,,
withwith
warningswarning
thatthat
thethe
closureclosure
couldcould
lastlast
aa
longlong
timetime
,,
perhapsperhaps
untiluntil
afterafter
thethe
nationalnational
electionselection
onon
Maymay
2929
.
Aa
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
officialofficial
inin
Gazagaza
,,
Terjeterje
Larsenlarsen
,,
warnedwarn
thatthat
suchsuch
aa
prolongedprolonged
closureclosure
wouldwould
dodo
seriousserious
damagedamage
toto
ana
alreadyalready
shakyshaky
economyeconomy
andand
wouldwould
serveserve
onlyonly
toto
breedbreed
moremore
violenceviolence
andand
extremismextremism
.
Inin
aa
speechspeech
toto
thethe
Parliamentparliament
onon
Mondaymonday
,,
Primeprime
Ministerminister
Shimonshimon
Peresperes
declareddeclare
ana
all-outall-out
offensiveoffensive
againstagainst
Hamashamas
,,
includinginclude
stiffstiff
demandsdemand
onon
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
toto
dodo
moremuch
.
Everever
sincesince
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
hashave
takentake
controlcontrol
overover
Palestinianpalestinian
areasarea
ofof
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
andand
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
,,
Israelisrael
hashave
complainedcomplain
thatthat
hehe
hashave
shownshow
reluctancereluctance
toto
seriouslyseriously
tackletackle
Hamashamas
,,
andand
thatthat
manymany
ofof
hishis
arrestsarrest
andand
roundupsroundup
havehave
beenbe
ofof
thethe
""
usualusual
suspectssuspect
""
varietyvariety
.
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
suggestedsuggest
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
hehe
mightmight
delaydelay
Israel'sisrael
withdrawalwithdrawal
fromfrom
Hebronhebron
inin
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
ifif
thethe
PLOplo
doesdo
notnot
crackcrack
downdown
onon
Islamicislamic
militantsmilitant
,,
Reutersreuters
reportedreport
fromfrom
Jerusalemjerusalem
.
""
Wewe
expectexpect
Arafatarafat
toto
fulfillfulfill
hishis
partpart
,,
""
hehe
toldtell
Americanamerican
Jewishjewish
officialsofficial
inin
ana
openopen
meetingmeeting
.
""
Ifif
notnot
,,
wewe
shallshall
havehave
toto
considerconsider
manymany
thingsthing
,,
maybemaybe
Hebronhebron
includedinclude
..
""
.
Atat
thethe
meetingmeeting
Tuesdaytuesday
atat
thethe
Erezerez
checkpointcheckpoint
onon
thethe
entranceentrance
toto
thethe
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
,,
Generalgeneral
Shahakshahak
reportedlyreportedly
handedhand
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
aa
listlist
ofof
thethe
1010
most-wantedmost-wanted
leadersleader
ofof
Hamashamas
,,
thethe
Islamicislamic
resistanceresistance
organizationorganization
,,
andand
toto
describedescribe
specificspecific
waysway
Israelisrael
believedbelieve
thatthat
thethe
organization'sorganization
infrastructureinfrastructure
couldcould
bebe
brokenbreak
.
Thethe
twotwo
menman
atat
thethe
toptop
ofof
thethe
listlist
arebe
Mohammedmohammed
Deipdeip
,,
whowho
isbe
believedbelieve
byby
Israeliisraeli
intelligenceintelligence
toto
bebe
thethe
headhead
ofof
thethe
violentviolent
wingwing
ofof
Hamashamas
knownknow
asas
thethe
Qassamqassam
Brigadesbrigade
,,
andand
Mohimohi
Eddineddin
Sharifsharif
,,
aa
bombbomb
makermaker
believedbelieve
toto
havehave
succeededsucceed
Yahyayahya
Ayyashayyash
,,
""
thethe
Engineerengineer
,,
""
whowho
allegedlyallegedly
introducedintroduce
suicidesuicide
bombingsbombing
intointo
thethe
Hamashamas
arsenalarsenal
.
Mr.mr.
Ayyashayyash
wasbe
killedkill
byby
aa
booby-trappedbooby-trapped
cellularcellular
phonephone
lastlast
monthmonth
,,
andand
leafletsleaflet
distributeddistribute
afterafter
thethe
bombingsbombing
onon
Sundaysunday
containedcontain
assertionsassertion
thatthat
thethe
attacksattack
werebe
thethe
revengerevenge
ofof
hishis
followersfollower
.
Neitherneither
manman
wasbe
amongamong
aboutabout
120120
Islamicislamic
militantsmilitant
pickedpick
upup
inin
thethe
Gazagaza
Stripstrip
andand
Westwest
Bankbank
.
Mostmost
ofof
thosethose
arrestedarrested
werebe
saidsay
toto
bebe
knownknow
Hamashamas
membersmember
oror
supporterssupporter
,,
plusplus
aa
fewfew
membersmember
ofof
anotheranother
militantmilitant
groupgroup
,,
Islamicislamic
Jihadjihad
,,
butbut
theythey
reportedlyreportedly
includedinclude
onlyonly
oneone
allegedalleged
membermember
ofof
thethe
Qassamqassam
Brigadesbrigade
.
Thethe
best-knownbest-known
detaineedetainee
wasbe
Mohammedmohammed
Tahataha
,,
aa
recognizedrecognized
Hamashamas
leaderleader
fromfrom
thethe
al-Bureijal-bureij
refugeerefugee
campcamp
inin
Gazagaza
.
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
toldtell
foreignforeign
officialsofficial
Mondaymonday
thatthat
Israeliisraeli
extremistsextremist
whowho
werebe
determineddetermine
toto
sabotagesabotage
thethe
Israeli-Palestinianisraeli-palestinian
agreementsagreement
hadhave
suppliedsupply
Palestinianpalestinian
fanaticsfanatic
withwith
explosivesexplosive
forfor
thethe
Sundaysunday
bombingsbombing
.
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
alsoalso
reportedlyreportedly
toldtell
thethe
diplomatsdiplomat
thatthat
hehe
diddo
notnot
intendintend
toto
attackattack
leadersleader
oror
institutionsinstitution
ofof
Hamashamas
thatthat
werebe
notnot
linkedlink
toto
itsits
armedarmed
wingwing
.
Oneone
diplomatdiplomat
whowho
wasbe
presentpresent
,,
whowho
frequentlyfrequently
meetsmeet
withwith
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
,,
saidsay
hehe
toldtell
thethe
Palestinianpalestinian
chiefchief
thatthat
thethe
claimclaim
ofof
ana
Israeli-Palestinianisraeli-palestinian
conspiracyconspiracy
carriedcarry
nono
credibilitycredibility
.
Thethe
diplomatdiplomat
saidsay
thatthat
Generalgeneral
Shahak'sshahak
mainmain
purposepurpose
wasbe
toto
trytry
toto
impressimpress
onon
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
thethe
seriousnessseriousness
ofof
thethe
terrorterror
issueissue
forfor
thethe
Israelisisraeli
.
Hehe
saidsay
thatthat
upup
toto
nownow
,,
Mr.mr.
Arafatarafat
hashave
apparentlyapparently
notnot
graspedgrasp
thethe
dangerdanger
thatthat
attacksattack
likelike
thosethose
onon
Sundaysunday
posepose
toto
thethe
entireentire
disengagementdisengagement
processprocess
.
Thethe
gravitygravity
ofof
thethe
incidentincident
wasbe
underscoredunderscore
byby
thethe
immediateimmediate
impactimpact
ofof
thethe
explosionsexplosion
onon
Israeliisraeli
politicspolitics
.
Withinwithin
hourshour
,,
thethe
commandingcommanding
leadlead
enjoyedenjoy
byby
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
,,
thethe
architectarchitect
ofof
thethe
peacepeace
agreementsagreement
,,
overover
hishis
conservativeconservative
challengerchallenger
inin
thethe
Maymay
2929
electionelection
,,
Benjaminbenjamin
Netanyahunetanyahu
ofof
Likudlikud
,,
shriveledshrivel
almostalmost
toto
aa
tietie
.
Talkingtalk
toto
reportsreport
inin
thethe
Parliamentparliament
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
suggestedsuggest
thatthat
thethe
governmentgovernment
mightmight
delaydelay
thethe
lastlast
scheduledscheduled
Israeliisraeli
withdrawalwithdrawal
,,
thatthat
fromfrom
Hebronhebron
.
Israeliisraeli
troopstroop
arebe
toto
pullpull
outout
ofof
thethe
Westwest
Bankbank
citycity
inin
Marchmarch
,,
butbut
Mr.mr.
Peresperes
wasbe
quotedquote
asas
sayingsay
thatthat
""
ifif
therethere
isbe
aa
changechange
inin
circumstancescircumstance
,,
wewe
willwill
probablyprobably
needneed
toto
reconsiderreconsider
..
""
.
Suchsuch
aa
movemove
couldcould
bebe
aa
seriousserious
blowblow
toto
Mr.mr.
Arafat'sarafat
standingstanding
,,
sincesince
Hebronhebron
,,
withwith
itsits
clustercluster
ofof
militantmilitant
Jewishjewish
settlerssettler
,,
hadhave
beenbe
thethe
mostmuch
difficultdifficult
issueissue
ofof
thethe
Israeli-Palestinianisraeli-palestinian
negotiationsnegotiation
lastlast
summersummer
.
Inin
thethe
firstfirst
megamergermegamerger
spawnedspawn
byby
congressionalcongressional
deregulationderegulation
ofof
thethe
telecommunicationstelecommunication
industryindustry
,,
USus
Westwest
Inc.inc.
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
tooktake
overover
Continentalcontinental
Cablevisioncablevision
,,
thethe
third-largestthird-largest
cablecable
operatoroperator
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
,,
inin
aa
$dollar
10.810.8
billionbillion
exchangeexchange
ofof
stockstock
,,
cashcash
,,
andand
debtdebt
.
USus
Westwest
,,
headquarteredheadquarter
inin
aa
suburbsuburb
ofof
Denverdenver
andand
servingserve
thethe
sparselysparsely
populatedpopulated
mountainmountain
andand
plainsplain
statesstate
,,
hashave
beenbe
thethe
mostmuch
aggressiveaggressive
ofof
thethe
regionalregional
telephonetelephone
companiescompany
inin
tryingtry
toto
breakbreak
outout
ofof
itsits
unpromisingunpromising
territoryterritory
.
Withwith
thethe
dealdeal
,,
USus
Westwest
stakedstake
aa
majormajor
claimclaim
toto
jumpingjump
thethe
oldold
boundariesboundary
limitinglimit
thethe
Babybaby
Bellbell
companiescompany
toto
telephonetelephone
serviceservice
andand
becamebecome
aa
majormajor
playerplayer
inin
fiberfiber
opticsoptics
andand
otherother
broadbandbroadband
cablecable
systemssystem
capablecapable
ofof
deliveringdeliver
massesmass
ofof
datadatum
.
Thethe
mergermerger
bringsbring
16.216.2
millionmillion
cablecable
televisiontelevision
customerscustomer
underunder
jointjoint
managementmanagement
whenwhen
thethe
newnew
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USus
West'swest
andand
Continental'scontinental
4.74.7
millionmillion
customerscustomer
isbe
addedadd
toto
thethe
11.511.5
millionmillion
customerscustomer
ofof
Time-Warnertime-warner
,,
whichwhich
cutcut
itsits
debtdebt
severalseveral
yearsyear
agoago
byby
sellingsell
aa
minorityminority
interestinterest
inin
itselfitself
toto
USus
Westwest
.
Thethe
mergermerger
bringsbring
16.216.2
millionmillion
cablecable
televisiontelevision
customerscustomer
underunder
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whenwhen
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West'swest
andand
Continental'scontinental
4.74.7
millionmillion
customerscustomer
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toto
thethe
11.511.5
millionmillion
customerscustomer
ofof
Time-Warnertime-warner
,,
whichwhich
cutcut
itsits
debtdebt
severalseveral
yearsyear
agoago
byby
sellingsell
aa
minorityminority
interestinterest
inin
itselfitself
toto
USus
Westwest
.
Tenten
millionmillion
moremore
homeshome
sitsit
astrideastride
thethe
combinedcombined
cablecable
systemsystem
,,
offeringoffer
growthgrowth
potentialpotential
forfor
thethe
companiescompany
ifif
theythey
plugplug
intointo
itit
.
Amosamos
Hostetterhostetter
,,
whowho
builtbuild
Cablevisioncablevision
intointo
thethe
dominantdominant
Newnew
Englandengland
companycompany
andand
willwill
runrun
thethe
combinedcombined
USus
Westwest
cablecable
propertiesproperty
,,
saidsay
thatthat
thethe
consolidationconsolidation
""
isbe
clearlyclearly
thethe
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butbut
willwill
notnot
bebe
thethe
lastlast
ofof
thethe
transactionstransaction
""
mademake
byby
thethe
country'scountry
half-dozenhalf-dozen
majormajor
cablecable
companiescompany
.
Referringrefer
toto
thethe
billbill
signedsign
intointo
lawlaw
lastlast
monthmonth
,,
hehe
continuedcontinue
::
""
Congresscongress
soughtseek
competitioncompetition
inin
thethe
telecommunicationstelecommunications
industryindustry
,,
andand
itit
isbe
clearclear
thatthat
competitioncompetition
willwill
bebe
amongamong
thethe
bigbig
playersplayer
.
Thisthis
isbe
aa
competitivecompetitive
environmentenvironment
inin
whichwhich
allall
entrantsentrant
arebe
welcomewelcome
,,
andand
USus
Westwest
givesgive
usus
moremuch
financialfinancial
musclemuscle
..
""
.
Thethe
Colorado-basedcolorado-based
Babybaby
Bellbell
isbe
suingsue
Timetime
Warnerwarner
toto
ensureensure
accessaccess
toto
Tedted
Turner'sturner
Cablecable
Newsnews
Networknetwork
ifif
Time-Warner'stime-warner
mergermerger
withwith
CNNcnn
goesgo
throughthrough
,,
andand
thethe
USus
Westwest
presidentpresident
,,
Charlescharles
Lillislillis
,,
assuredassure
reportersreporter
thatthat
thethe
disputedispute
wouldwould
bebe
resolvedresolve
.
Anyany
resolutionresolution
nownow
seemsseem
likelylikely
toto
involveinvolve
tradestrade
betweenbetween
Time-Warnertime-warner
cablecable
franchisesfranchise
andand
USus
West'swest
interestsinterest
inin
Warnerwarner
Brothersbrother
filmsfilm
andand
Homehome
Boxbox
Officeoffice
.
Inin
factfact
,,
mostmost
U.S.u.s.
cablecable
companiescompany
arebe
alreadyalready
engagedengage
inin
suchsuch
tradestrade
toto
offeroffer
advertisersadvertiser
moremuch
unifiedunified
marketsmarket
.
Thethe
Time-Warnertime-warner
chairmanchairman
,,
Geraldgerald
M.m.
Levinlevin
,,
issuedissue
aa
statementstatement
welcomingwelcome
thethe
linkuplinkup
asas
aa
primeprime
deliverydelivery
systemsystem
openingopen
upup
majormajor
marketsmarket
inin
almostalmost
allall
statesstate
outsideoutside
thethe
mountainmountain
andand
northwestnorthwest
areaarea
toto
""
datadata
throughthrough
high-speedhigh-speed
cablecable
modemsmodem
,,
telephonytelephony
andand
interactiveinteractive
televisiontelevision
..
""
.
Thisthis
wouldwould
notnot
excludeexclude
usinguse
Time-Warner'stime-warner
cablescable
forfor
unifiedunified
phonephone
serviceservice
;;
thethe
companycompany
hashave
beenbe
rumoredrumor
toto
bebe
seekingseek
aa
tie-uptie-up
thatthat
wouldwould
putput
ATat
&and
Tt
intointo
locallocal
telephonetelephone
serviceservice
.
USus
Westwest
isbe
barredbar
fromfrom
offeringoffer
cablecable
serviceservice
inin
itsits
homehome
basebase
ofof
1414
statesstate
,,
wherewhere
itit
operatesoperate
thethe
locallocal
phonephone
companycompany
.
Philipphilip
Serlinserlin
,,
aa
Wertheimwertheim
Schroederschroeder
telecommunicationstelecommunications
analystanalyst
,,
saidsay
thethe
dealdeal
confirmedconfirm
USus
West'swest
strategystrategy
,,
uniqueunique
amongamong
Babybaby
Bellsbell
,,
ofof
movingmove
intointo
broadbandbroadband
cablecable
.
Hehe
saidsay
thatthat
ifif
itit
settlessettle
withwith
Time-Warnertime-warner
,,
""
itit
willwill
walkwalk
awayaway
withwith
aa
bigbig
piecepiece
ofof
thethe
cablecable
industryindustry
..
""
.
Inin
additionaddition
toto
domesticdomestic
propertiesproperty
,,
USus
Westwest
andand
Continentalcontinental
alsoalso
havehave
cablecable
interestsinterest
inin
Australiaaustralia
,,
Argentinaargentina
,,
andand
Singaporesingapore
.
Inin
aa
clearclear
signsign
thatthat
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
leadersleader
wantwant
toto
avoidavoid
confrontationconfrontation
inin
theirtheir
firstfirst
summitsummit
meetingmeeting
withwith
Asianasian
leadersleader
,,
seniorsenior
EUeu
officialsofficial
playedplay
downdown
humanhuman
rightsright
issuesissue
Tuesdaytuesday
whilewhile
appealingappeal
forfor
bettergood
understandingunderstanding
andand
closerclose
tradetrade
betweenbetween
thethe
twotwo
blocsbloc
.
Thethe
meetingmeeting
,,
whichwhich
takestake
placeplace
inin
Bangkokbangkok
onon
Fridayfriday
andand
Saturdaysaturday
,,
shouldshould
bebe
""
thethe
startstart
ofof
aa
processprocess
ofof
rapprochementrapprochement
""
betweenbetween
Europe'seurope
formerformer
colonialcolonial
powerspower
andand
Asia'sasia
risingrising
economiceconomic
powerspower
,,
saidsay
Jacquesjacques
Santersanter
,,
thethe
presidentpresident
ofof
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Commissioncommission
,,
thethe
EUeu
executiveexecutive
agencyagency
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
notnot
goinggo
toto
engageengage
inin
anyany
sortsort
ofof
confrontationconfrontation
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Santersanter
saidsay
.
""
Itit
'sbe
onlyonly
whenwhen
bridgesbridge
arebe
builtbuild
andand
partnershipspartnership
arebe
establishedestablish
thatthat
wewe
cancan
talktalk
franklyfrankly
aboutabout
allall
subjectssubject
..
""
.
Thatthat
isbe
notnot
toto
saysay
thatthat
humanhuman
rightsright
willwill
bebe
tabootaboo
,,
especiallyespecially
asas
thethe
meetingmeeting
willwill
havehave
nono
formalformal
agendaagenda
andand
leadersleader
willwill
bebe
freefree
toto
discussdiscuss
whateverwhatever
theythey
likelike
.
Portugueseportuguese
officialsofficial
saidsay
thatthat
Primeprime
MinisterministerAnt—nioant—nio
Guterresguterres
wouldwould
raiseraise
hishis
country'scountry
long-standinglong-standing
complaintscomplaint
thatthat
humanhuman
rightsright
werebe
beingbe
abusedabuse
byby
Indonesiaindonesia
inin
Easteast
Timortimor
.
Swedensweden
hashave
indicatedindicate
thatthat
itit
willwill
raiseraise
reportsreport
ofof
abuseabuse
inin
Chinesechinese
orphanagesorphanage
,,
althoughalthough
anyany
complaintcomplaint
willwill
bebe
low-keylow-key
becausebecause
thethe
countrycountry
isbe
sendingsend
onlyonly
itsits
foreignforeign
ministerminister
toto
thethe
meetingmeeting
.
Butbut
suchsuch
majormajor
EUeu
powerspower
asas
Britainbritain
,,
Germanygermany
,,
Francefrance
andand
Italyitaly
,,
whichwhich
asas
EUeu
presidentpresident
hashave
ledlead
preparationspreparation
forfor
thethe
meetingmeeting
,,
havehave
mademake
itit
clearclear
thatthat
theythey
wantwant
toto
talktalk
aboutabout
tradetrade
andand
investmentinvestment
withwith
thethe
globe'sglobe
mostmost
dynamicdynamic
regionregion
ratherrather
thanthan
argueargue
aboutabout
humanhuman
rightsright
.
Forfor
exampleexample
,,
Presidentpresident
Jacquesjacques
Chiracchirac
,,
freshfresh
fromfrom
suspendingsuspend
France'sfrance
nuclearnuclear
teststest
inin
thethe
Pacificpacific
,,
willwill
callcall
forfor
aa
""
newnew
partnershippartnership
""
withwith
Asiaasia
involvinginvolve
closerclose
tradetrade
tiestie
andand
Frenchfrench
supportsupport
forfor
thethe
zonezone
freefree
ofof
nuclearnuclear
weaponsweapon
thatthat
isbe
soughtseek
byby
thethe
Associationassociation
ofof
Southsouth
Easteast
Asianasian
countriescountry
,,
Frenchfrench
diplomatsdiplomat
saidsay
.
Thethe
low-keylow-key
Europeaneuropean
stancestance
reflectsreflect
aa
victoryvictory
forfor
thethe
1010
Asianasian
participantsparticipant
--
Chinachina
,,
Japanjapan
,,
Southsouth
Koreakorea
,,
Thailandthailand
,,
Singaporesingapore
,,
Malaysiamalaysia
,,
Indonesiaindonesia
,,
Bruneibrunei
,,
thethe
Philippinesphilippines
andand
Vietnamvietnam
.
Atat
aa
preparatorypreparatory
meetingmeeting
inin
Thailandthailand
earlierearlier
thisthis
monthmonth
,,
Asianasian
foreignforeign
ministersminister
warnedwarn
Europeeurope
thatthat
anyany
toughtough
stancestance
onon
humanhuman
rightsright
wouldwould
bebe
metmeet
withwith
complaintscomplaint
overover
Europe'seurope
failurefailure
inin
Bosniabosnia
,,
amongamong
otherother
thingsthing
.
Insteadinstead
,,
Asianasian
andand
Europeaneuropean
officialsofficial
havehave
talkedtalk
aboutabout
thethe
needneed
toto
closeclose
thethe
triangletriangle
inin
globalglobal
relationsrelation
andand
gaingain
aa
counterweightcounterweight
toto
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
byby
forgingforge
thethe
typetype
ofof
closeclose
tiestie
thatthat
eacheach
blocbloc
alreadyalready
hashave
withwith
Washingtonwashington
.
""
Thethe
factfact
thatthat
Europeaneuropean
andand
Asianasian
leadersleader
meetmeet
onon
ana
equalequal
footingfooting
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
,,
thisthis
inin
itselfitself
isbe
ana
achievementachievement
,,
""
saidsay
Japan'sjapan
ambassadorambassador
toto
thethe
Europeaneuropean
Unionunion
,,
Atsushiatsushi
Tokinoyatokinoya
.
""
Inin
orderorder
forfor
itit
toto
bebe
aa
successfulsuccessful
meetingmeeting
,,
wewe
dodo
n'tnot
needneed
anyany
fantasticfantastic
initiativeinitiative
..
""
.
Europeaneuropean
officialsofficial
endorseendorse
thatthat
viewview
.
""
Wewe
'rebe
notnot
goinggo
toto
Bangkokbangkok
toto
signsign
aa
treatytreaty
oror
toto
comecome
backback
withwith
aa
fistfulfistful
ofof
contractscontract
,,
""
saidsay
Sirsir
Leonleon
Brittanbrittan
,,
thethe
EUeu
tradetrade
commissionercommissioner
.
Europeeurope
wantswant
toto
bolsterbolster
tradetrade
andand
investmentinvestment
withwith
Asiaasia
asas
wellwell
asas
formform
aa
broaderbroad
alliancealliance
onon
globalglobal
tradetrade
issuesissue
,,
includinginclude
aa
commoncommon
stancestance
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
ministerialministerial
meetingmeeting
ofof
thethe
Worldworld
Tradetrade
Organizationorganization
inin
Singaporesingapore
inin
Decemberdecember
,,
Sirsir
Leonleon
saidsay
.
Achievingachieve
thosethose
goalsgoal
willwill
notnot
bebe
easyeasy
.
Whilewhile
Asiaasia
hashave
surpassedsurpass
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
asas
Europe'seurope
biggestbig
exportexport
marketmarket
,,
Europe'seurope
shareshare
ofof
thethe
marketmarket
isbe
shrinkingshrink
,,
andand
itsits
investmentinvestment
inin
Asiaasia
isbe
lagginglag
.
Thethe
Japanjapan
Externalexternal
Tradetrade
Organizationorganization
reportedreport
thisthis
weekweek
thatthat
EUeu
countriescountry
providedprovide
10.810.8
percentpercent
ofof
foreignforeign
investmentinvestment
inin
thethe
Asianasian
countriescountry
,,
excludingexclude
Bruneibrunei
,,
inin
19941994
,,
downdown
fromfrom
13.313.3
percentpercent
inin
19901990
.
Onon
broaderbroad
tradetrade
issuesissue
,,
Europeeurope
wonwin
newnew
alliesally
lastlast
yearyear
whenwhen
itit
pushedpush
throughthrough
aa
globalglobal
agreementagreement
onon
financialfinancial
servicesservice
afterafter
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
withdrewwithdraw
.
Butbut
Asianasian
countriescountry
havehave
protestedprotest
stronglystrongly
overover
Europe'seurope
planplan
toto
pushpush
forfor
WTOwto
rulesrule
outlawingoutlaw
forcedforced
laborlabor
andand
childchild
laborlabor
andand
guaranteeingguarantee
workersworker
thethe
rightright
toto
organizeorganize
,,
seeingsee
thatthat
asas
thinlythinly
disguiseddisguised
protectionismprotectionism
.
""
Ifif
wewe
needneed
toto
discussdiscuss
itit
,,
wewe
shouldshould
dodo
soso
inin
thethe
Internationalinternational
Laborlabor
Organizationorganization
,,
""
Mr.mr.
Tokinoyatokinoya
saidsay
.
Italy'sitaly
caretakercaretaker
primeprime
ministerminister
,,
Lambertolamberto
Dinidini
,,
setset
hishis
sightssight
Tuesdaytuesday
onon
forgingforge
aa
winningwinning
alliancealliance
betweenbetween
hishis
newnew
centristcentrist
partyparty
andand
thethe
center-leftcenter-left
forfor
generalgeneral
electionselection
setset
forfor
Aprilapril
2121
.
Twotwo
opinionopinion
pollspoll
,,
meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
showedshow
thatthat
hishis
movementmovement
couldcould
holdhold
thethe
keykey
toto
thethe
contestcontest
byby
attractingattract
fromfrom
66
percentpercent
toto
8.58.5
percentpercent
ofof
votesvote
.
Thethe
Clintonclinton
administrationadministration
mademake
publicpublic
Tuesdaytuesday
aa
transcripttranscript
ofof
conversationsconversation
withwith
Havanahavana
airair
traffictraffic
controllerscontroller
thatthat
U.S.u.s.
diplomatsdiplomat
saysay
provesprove
Cubancuban
militarymilitary
pilotspilot
knewknow
theythey
hadhave
targetedtarget
aa
smallsmall
civiliancivilian
planeplane
andand
thenthen
screamedscream
withwith
gleeglee
whenwhen
theythey
mademake
aa
directdirect
hithit
.
""
Thisthis
oneone
wowill
n'tnot
messmess
aroundaround
anyany
moremore
,,
""
aa
crewcrew
membermember
onon
aa
Cubancuban
MiG-29mig-29
toldtell
aa
nearbynearby
MiG-23mig-23
pilotpilot
afterafter
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hadhave
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shootshoot
whatwhat
itit
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identifiedidentify
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aa
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andand
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.
""
Thethe
targettarget
isbe
inin
sightsight
.
Thethe
targettarget
isbe
inin
sightsight
,,
""
thethe
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pilotpilot
toldtell
thethe
controllercontroller
.
""
Itit
'sbe
aa
smallsmall
aircraftaircraft
..
""
.
""
Copiedcopy
,,
""
thethe
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answeredanswer
.
""
Aa
smallsmall
planeplane
inin
sightsight
..
""
.
Thethe
transcriptstranscript
werebe
releasedrelease
atat
aa
newsnews
conferenceconference
Tuesdaytuesday
byby
Madeleinemadeleine
K.k.
Albrightalbright
,,
thethe
chiefchief
Americanamerican
delegatedelegate
toto
thethe
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
,,
hourshour
afterafter
thethe
Securitysecurity
Councilcouncil
agreedagree
toto
aa
muchmuch
weakerweak
condemnationcondemnation
ofof
Cubacuba
thanthan
thethe
administrationadministration
hadhave
hopedhope
toto
getget
.
""
Ii
wasbe
struckstrike
byby
thethe
joyjoy
ofof
thesethese
pilotspilot
inin
committingcommit
cold-bloodedcold-blooded
murdermurder
,,
""
Mrs.mrs.
Albrightalbright
saidsay
,,
notingnote
thethe
pilots'pilot
crudecrude
andand
vulgarvulgar
referencesreference
toto
""
takingtake
outout
thethe
ballsball
""
ofof
theirtheir
victimvictim
andand
braggingbrag
aboutabout
theirtheir
ownown
successsuccess
inin
similarsimilar
languagelanguage
.
""
Franklyfrankly
,,
thisthis
isbe
notnot
cojonescojones
,,
thisthis
isbe
cowardicecowardice
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
,,
visiblyvisibly
angryangry
.
Thethe
portionsportion
ofof
severalseveral
air-to-airair-to-air
andand
air-to-controllerair-to-controller
conversationsconversation
inin
thethe
transcripttranscript
releasedrelease
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
translatedtranslate
fromfrom
thethe
Spanishspanish
byby
aa
governmentgovernment
agencyagency
thatthat
Americanamerican
diplomatsdiplomat
wouldwould
notnot
identifyidentify
,,
seemseem
toto
demonstratedemonstrate
thatthat
atat
leastleast
inin
thethe
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ofof
oneone
Cessnacessna
,,
nono
efforteffort
hadhave
beenbe
mademake
toto
warnwarn
offoff
thethe
civiliancivilian
pilotpilot
,,
asas
requiredrequire
byby
internationalinternational
aviationaviation
proceduresprocedure
.
""
Thethe
transcripttranscript
showsshow
therethere
wasbe
plentyplenty
ofof
timetime
forfor
thethe
pilotspilot
ofof
thethe
MiGsmigs
toto
dodo
allall
thethe
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thingsthing
inin
termsterm
ofof
warningwarn
airplanesairplane
thatthat
mightmight
bebe
inin
territoryterritory
dangerousdangerous
toto
themthem
,,
""
Mrs.mrs.
Albrightalbright
saidsay
.
Thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
acknowledgesacknowledge
thatthat
itit
continuescontinue
toto
differdiffer
withwith
Cubacuba
overover
whetherwhether
thethe
civiliancivilian
aircraftaircraft
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byby
thethe
Cuban-Americancuban-american
groupgroup
Brothersbrother
toto
thethe
Rescuerescue
werebe
overover
internationalinternational
waterswater
,,
andand
Americanamerican
diplomatsdiplomat
bolsteredbolster
theirtheir
casecase
Tuesdaytuesday
byby
releasingrelease
radar-trackingradar-tracking
readingreading
fromfrom
thethe
Coastcoast
Guardguard
locatinglocate
thethe
planesplane
outsideoutside
Cubancuban
waterswater
.
Butbut
Mrs.mrs.
Albrightalbright
steeredsteer
thethe
focusfocus
awayaway
fromfrom
thisthis
aspectaspect
ofof
thethe
casecase
toto
thethe
undisputedundisputed
factfact
thatthat
thethe
aircraftaircraft
attackedattack
byby
militarymilitary
jetsjet
werebe
knownknow
byby
thethe
Cubancuban
Airair
Forceforce
pilotspilot
toto
bebe
civiliancivilian
planesplane
,,
puttingput
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inin
violationviolation
ofof
internationalinternational
lawlaw
.
Thethe
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Councilcouncil
hashave
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movingmove
slowlyslowly
onon
thethe
issueissue
.
Itit
tooktake
Mrs.mrs.
Albrightalbright
fromfrom
Sundaysunday
eveningevening
untiluntil
earlyearly
Tuesdaytuesday
toto
getget
aa
councilcouncil
statementstatement
thatthat
stronglystrongly
""
deploresdeplore
""
ratherrather
thanthan
condemnscondemn
thethe
Cubancuban
actionaction
.
Sometimesometime
inin
thethe
nextnext
weekweek
,,
aerospaceaerospace
executivesexecutive
acrossacross
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
willwill
poppop
intointo
theirtheir
computerscomputer
aa
diskdisk
,,
sentsend
viavia
couriercourier
fromfrom
thethe
Pentagonpentagon
,,
thatthat
containscontain
finalfinal
detailsdetail
aboutabout
aa
contractcontract
forfor
aa
fighterfighter
jetjet
thatthat
threethree
contractorcontractor
teamsteam
willwill
bidbid
onon
thisthis
springspring
.
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stakesstake
arebe
gargantuangargantuan
.
Countingcount
foreignforeign
salessale
,,
thethe
contractcontract
couldcould
bebe
worthworth
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toto
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companycompany
thatthat
winswin
thethe
businessbusiness
.
""
Whenwhen
Ii
firstfirst
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thethe
numbernumber
,,
""
ana
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Corp.corp.
saidsay
,,
""
Ii
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inin
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..
""
.
Thethe
U.S.u.s.
Airair
Forceforce
,,
Navynavy
andand
Marinesmarine
,,
alongalong
withwith
Britain'sbritain
Royalroyal
Navynavy
,,
arebe
expectedexpect
toto
buybuy
asas
manymany
asas
3,0003,000
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thethe
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Strikestrike
Technologytechnology
fightersfighter
onceonce
theythey
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operationoperation
,,
supposedlysupposedly
inin
20082008
.
Itit
wouldwould
bebe
thethe
military'smilitary
biggestbig
contractcontract
everever
::
Sparespare
partspart
andand
trainingtraining
costscost
couldcould
raiseraise
thethe
Pentagon'spentagon
priceprice
toto
$dollar
350350
billionbillion
andand
thethe
overseasoverseas
marketmarket
willwill
addadd
billionsbillions
toto
thatthat
amountamount
.
Thethe
winnerwinner
isbe
guaranteedguaranteed
militarymilitary
aircraftaircraft
workwork
forfor
decadesdecade
,,
whilewhile
thethe
losersloser
maymay
havehave
troubletrouble
stayingstay
inin
thethe
businessbusiness
becausebecause
nono
otherother
largelarge
aircraftaircraft
programsprogram
arebe
plannedplan
,,
industryindustry
analystsanalyst
saidsay
.
Lockheedlockheed
Martinmartin
isbe
leadinglead
oneone
teamteam
,,
Boeingboeing
Co.co.
headshead
anotheranother
andand
aa
thirdthird
consistsconsist
ofof
McDonnellmcdonnell
Douglasdouglas
Corp.corp.
,,
Northropnorthrop
Grummangrumman
Corp.corp.
andand
Britishbritish
Aerospaceaerospace
.
""
Thisthis
isbe
thethe
prizeprize
,,
""
ana
industryindustry
executiveexecutive
saidsay
.
""
Itit
'sbe
soso
enormousenormous
thethe
losersloser
willwill
bebe
marginalizedmarginalize
..
""
.
Normannorman
Augustineaugustine
,,
thethe
chiefchief
executiveexecutive
ofof
Lockheedlockheed
Martinmartin
,,
saidsay
::
""
Youyou
'rebe
biddingbid
youryour
company'scompany
lifelife
.
Therethere
wowill
n'tnot
bebe
anotheranother
fighterfighter
competitioncompetition
forfor
decadesdecade
.
Wewe
'rebe
investinginvest
talenttalent
,,
timetime
andand
moneymoney
..
""
.
Thethe
newnew
fighterfighter
jetsjet
willwill
replacereplace
creakycreaky
,,
decades-olddecades-old
aircraftaircraft
likelike
thethe
airair
force'sforce
F-16f-16
,,
thethe
navy'snavy
F-14f-14
andand
A-6a-6
andand
thethe
Marines'marine
AV-8av-8
.
Beforebefore
thisthis
,,
nono
U.S.u.s.
militarymilitary
planeplane
wasbe
designeddesign
forfor
bothboth
thethe
navynavy
andand
airair
forceforce
,,
despitedespite
decadesdecade
ofof
efforteffort
byby
thethe
Pentagon'spentagon
civiliancivilian
leadersleader
toto
requirerequire
thesethese
bitterbitter
rivalsrival
toto
cooperatecooperate
andand
savesave
moneymoney
.
Butbut
today'stoday
tighttight
Pentagonpentagon
budgetsbudget
havehave
pushedpush
thethe
navynavy
andand
airair
forceforce
toto
trytry
toto
buildbuild
aa
commoncommon
aircraftaircraft
withwith
mix-and-matchmix-and-match
componentscomponent
toto
accommodateaccommodate
thethe
services'service
differingdiffering
needsneed
.
Thethe
newnew
jetjet
willwill
bebe
aa
kindkind
ofof
mixedmixed
metaphormetaphor
,,
aa
blendblend
ofof
severalseveral
vastlyvastly
differentdifferent
planesplane
.
Inin
thethe
pastpast
,,
forfor
exampleexample
,,
navynavy
bombersbomber
werebe
heavyheavy
andand
sturdysturdy
forfor
long-rangelong-range
bombingbombing
missionsmission
,,
whilewhile
airair
forceforce
fightersfighter
werebe
lighterlighter
andand
moremuch
maneuverablemaneuverable
.
Thethe
designdesign
ofof
thethe
aircraftaircraft
isbe
technologicallytechnologically
dauntingdaunting
becausebecause
itit
mustmust
bebe
versatileversatile
enoughenough
toto
carrycarry
outout
allall
thethe
missionsmission
ofof
itsits
predecessorspredecessor
.
Itit
mustmust
bebe
ableable
toto
evadeevade
radarradar
andand
taketake
offoff
fromfrom
airfieldsairfield
andand
aircraftaircraft
carrierscarrier
alikealike
.
Thethe
Marinemarine
versionversion
mustmust
taketake
offoff
nearlynearly
straightstraight
upup
,,
likelike
aa
helicopterhelicopter
,,
hoverhover
andand
thenthen
roarroar
toto
supersonicsupersonic
speedsspeed
ofof
Machmach
1.51.5
.
Afterafter
thethe
Pentagonpentagon
releasesrelease
itsits
contractcontract
proposalproposal
inin
aa
fewfew
daysday
,,
thethe
companiescompany
havehave
untiluntil
Maymay
3131
toto
submitsubmit
bidsbid
andand
thethe
militarymilitary
willwill
cullcull
outout
thethe
firstfirst
loserloser
byby
Octoberoctober
.
Thethe
twotwo
survivorssurvivor
willwill
thenthen
spendspend
tenstens
ofof
millionsmillions
ofof
dollarsdollar
buildingbuild
prototypesprototype
toto
competecompete
inin
aa
""
fly-offfly-off
""
beforebefore
finalfinal
selectionselection
inin
20002000
.
Soso
farfar
,,
thethe
buzzbuzz
isbe
thatthat
thethe
McDonnellmcdonnell
teamteam
isbe
lagginglag
andand
maymay
loselose
thethe
firstfirst
roundround
.
Thethe
reasonreason
isbe
thatthat
itsits
earlyearly
designdesign
forfor
aa
verticalvertical
thrustthrust
systemsystem
toto
getget
thethe
Marinemarine
versionversion
aloftaloft
muckedmuck
upup
operationsoperation
ofof
thethe
navy-airnavy-air
forceforce
planeplane
.
Onceonce
thethe
mistakemistake
wasbe
acknowledgedacknowledge
,,
thethe
teamteam
scrambledscramble
onon
aa
quickquick
redesignredesign
.
Nownow
thethe
McDonnellmcdonnell
teamteam
isbe
workingwork
aroundaround
thethe
clockclock
,,
testingtest
mock-upsmock-ups
ofof
itsits
newnew
entryentry
inin
windwind
tunnelstunnel
toto
meetmeet
thethe
deadlinedeadline
.
Oneone
problemproblem
alreadyalready
hashave
emergedemerge
::
Toto
makemake
itsits
verticalvertical
takeofftakeoff
,,
McDonnell'smcdonnell
Marinemarine
versionversion
usesuse
twotwo
enginesengine
withwith
nozzlesnozzle
pointedpoint
towardtoward
thethe
groundground
forfor
thrustthrust
,,
oneone
inin
thethe
jet'sjet
rearrear
andand
anotheranother
inin
mid-fuselagemid-fuselage
.
Thethe
difficultydifficulty
isbe
thatthat
havinghave
twotwo
enginesengine
couldcould
createcreate
extremeextreme
heatheat
,,
meltingmelt
asphaltasphalt
andand
forcingforce
serviceservice
crewscrew
toto
standstand
clearclear
.
Aa
McDonnellmcdonnell
spokesmanspokesman
saidsay
thethe
companycompany
wasbe
addressingaddress
thethe
defectsdefect
andand
wasbe
catchingcatch
upup
.
Lockheedlockheed
Martinmartin
arguesargue
thatthat
economieseconomy
ofof
scalescale
fromfrom
aa
seriesseries
ofof
corporatecorporate
mergersmerger
,,
culminatingculminate
inin
itsits
combinationcombination
ofof
Lockheedlockheed
withwith
Martinmartin
Mariettamarietta
Corp.corp.
lastlast
yearyear
,,
willwill
allowallow
itit
toto
buildbuild
thethe
jetsjet
mostmost
inexpensivelyinexpensively
.
Itsits
Fortfort
Worthworth
,,
Texastexas
,,
plantplant
,,
whichwhich
makesmake
F-16sf-16s
,,
isbe
oneone
ofof
thethe
military'smilitary
low-costlow-cost
aircraftaircraft
makersmaker
.
McDonnellmcdonnell
Douglasdouglas
advancesadvance
thethe
samesame
argumentargument
aboutabout
itsits
plantplant
inin
St.st.
Louislouis
,,
Missourimissouri
,,
whichwhich
makesmake
F/A-18f/a-18
fightersfighter
.
Butbut
Boeingboeing
hashave
notnot
designeddesign
aa
fighterfighter
sincesince
19351935
.
Althoughalthough
itit
hashave
builtbuild
partspart
forfor
bigbig
bombersbomber
,,
suchsuch
asas
thethe
B-2b-2
,,
industryindustry
executivesexecutive
saidsay
itsits
greatestgreat
challengechallenge
wasbe
provingprove
itit
couldcould
matchmatch
competitorscompetitor
fillingfill
hugehuge
ordersorder
forfor
lightweightlightweight
jetsjet
.
Boeingboeing
arguesargue
thatthat
itsits
statusstatus
asas
thethe
world'sworld
biggestbig
makermaker
ofof
commercialcommercial
airlinersairliner
provesprove
itsits
designdesign
creativitycreativity
andand
cost-savingcost-saving
waysway
.
Boeing'sboeing
designdesign
isbe
widelywidely
describeddescribe
inin
thethe
industryindustry
asas
""
revolutionaryrevolutionary
..
""
.
Unlikeunlike
itsits
competitorscompetitor
,,
itit
usesuse
aa
singlesingle
engineengine
toto
gaingain
thrustthrust
forfor
verticalvertical
takeofftakeoff
andand
levellevel
flightflight
.
Thatthat
oneone
engineengine
wouldwould
bebe
muchmuch
largerlarge
thanthan
thatthat
ofof
itsits
competitorscompetitor
,,
andand
thereforetherefore
heavierheavy
andand
moremuch
expensiveexpensive
.
Boeingboeing
disputesdispute
itsits
adversaries'adversary
claimsclaim
thatthat
itsits
designdesign
wasbe
""
riskyrisky
,,
""
asas
wellwell
asas
thethe
statementstatement
ofof
aa
competingcompeting
firm'sfirm
executiveexecutive
thatthat
""
Boeingboeing
needsneed
aa
consecutiveconsecutive
setset
ofof
threethree
miraclesmiracle
forfor
itit
toto
workwork
..
""
.
Thethe
projectproject
involvesinvolve
risksrisk
forfor
Presidentpresident
Billbill
Clintonclinton
,,
tootoo
.
Thethe
Pentagonpentagon
willwill
narrownarrow
thethe
fieldfield
toto
twotwo
biddersbidder
inin
Octoberoctober
,,
soso
onlyonly
weeksweek
beforebefore
thethe
presidentialpresidential
electionelection
,,
Mr.mr.
Clintonclinton
mustmust
givegive
badbad
newsnews
toto
someonesomeone
.
Aa
rejectionrejection
forfor
McDonnellmcdonnell
wouldwould
bebe
aa
blowblow
toto
workersworker
inin
Californiacalifornia
andand
Missourimissouri
,,
wherewhere
itsits
teamteam
hashave
bigbig
plantsplant
;;
turningturn
awayaway
Lockheedlockheed
Martinmartin
wouldwould
hurthurt
Texastexas
andand
Californiacalifornia
,,
andand
rejectingreject
Boeingboeing
wouldwould
angeranger
Washingtonwashington
statestate
.
""
Asas
Ii
saidsay
,,
""
ana
industryindustry
executiveexecutive
saidsay
,,
""
aa
veryvery
toughtough
choicechoice
..
""
.
Atat
thethe
endend
ofof
thethe
schoolschool
dayday
,,
thethe
refugeerefugee
childrenchild
inin
aa
dirt-floordirt-floor
schoolroomschoolroom
herehere
singsing
thethe
anthemanthem
ofof
aa
nationnation
theythey
callcall
Kawthooleikawthoolei
::
""
Ii
lovelove
youyou
,,
Ii
willwill
serveserve
youyou
,,
Ii
willwill
bebe
truetrue
toto
youyou
,,
Ii
willwill
eveneven
diedie
forfor
youyou
""
.
Forfor
mostmost
ofof
themthem
,,
thethe
wordsword
cancan
havehave
littlelittle
meaningmeaning
.
Thethe
onlyonly
homehome
theythey
havehave
knownknow
isbe
ana
archipelagoarchipelago
ofof
refugeerefugee
villagesvillage
justjust
insideinside
Thailandthailand
,,
wherewhere
theirtheir
familiesfamily
,,
ethnicethnic
Karenkaren
,,
havehave
fledflee
growinggrowing
pressurepressure
byby
thethe
armyarmy
ofof
Burmaburma
.
Forfor
nearlynearly
halfhalf
aa
centurycentury
,,
thethe
Karenkaren
andand
aa
dozendozen
otherother
ethnicethnic
groupsgroup
havehave
maintainedmaintain
somesome
ofof
thethe
world'sworld
longest-runninglongest-running
insurgenciesinsurgency
,,
fightingfight
forfor
Kawthooleikawthoolei
andand
otherother
homelandshomeland
insideinside
Burmaburma
.
Todaytoday
theythey
arebe
closerclose
thanthan
everever
toto
defeatdefeat
,,
withwith
onlyonly
thethe
4,000-man4,000-man
armyarmy
ofof
thethe
Karenkaren
Nationalnational
Unionunion
stillstill
refusingrefuse
toto
agreeagree
toto
aa
cease-firecease-fire
,,
inin
effecteffect
surrendersurrender
.
Takingtake
advantageadvantage
ofof
thethe
shiftingshifting
politicspolitics
ofof
thisthis
rapidlyrapidly
modernizingmodernizing
regionregion
,,
thethe
armyarmy
ofof
Burmaburma
--
Westernwestern
expertsexpert
saysay
itit
hashave
nearlynearly
doubleddouble
inin
sizesize
sincesince
19881988
,,
toto
asas
manymany
asas
400,000400,000
--
hashave
bludgeonedbludgeon
,,
bargainedbargain
andand
manipulatedmanipulate
itsits
wayway
toto
controlcontrol
ofof
nearlynearly
thethe
entireentire
1,600-kilometer1,600-kilometer
((
1,000-mile1,000-mile
))
borderborder
regionregion
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
sincesince
Worldworld
Warwar
IIii
.
Thisthis
hashave
meantmean
newnew
dislocationsdislocation
,,
butbut
familiarfamiliar
fearsfear
,,
forfor
hundredshundreds
ofof
thousandsthousands
ofof
peopleperson
.
""
Whenwhen
Ii
wasbe
aa
childchild
,,
mymy
parentsparent
toldtell
meme
howhow
Burmeseburmese
soldierssoldier
torturedtorture
thethe
Karenkaren
peopleperson
,,
""
saidsay
Nitanita
,,
5656
,,
aa
teacherteacher
atat
thethe
camp'scamp
Elementaryelementary
Schoolschool
No.no.
22
,,
whowho
usesuse
justjust
oneone
namename
.
""
Thesethese
thingsthing
stayedstay
inin
mymy
mindmind
.
Soso
Ii
havehave
alwaysalways
beenbe
afraidafraid
ofof
Burmeseburmese
soldierssoldier
..
""
.
Ana
ethnicallyethnically
distinctdistinct
groupgroup
thatthat
tracestrace
itsits
originsorigin
toto
Mongoliamongolia
andand
nownow
numbersnumber
perhapsperhaps
44
millionmillion
inin
Burmaburma
,,
thethe
Karenkaren
arebe
knownknow
asas
warriorswarrior
,,
andand
theythey
camecome
closeclose
toto
capturingcapture
Rangoonrangoon
inin
19491949
.
Theythey
havehave
struggledstruggle
overover
thethe
yearsyear
withwith
internalinternal
divisionsdivision
amongamong
highlandhighland
andand
lowlandlowland
groupsgroup
,,
Buddhistsbuddhist
andand
Christianschristian
,,
andand
eveneven
thethe
Karen-languagekaren-language
meaningmeaning
ofof
Kawthooleikawthoolei
isbe
inin
disputedispute
::
landland
ofof
thethe
thooleithoolei
vegetablevegetable
,,
oror
landland
ofof
thethe
thooleithoolei
insectinsect
oror
,,
moremuch
romanticallyromantically
,,
landland
wherewhere
therethere
isbe
nono
evilevil
.
Aa
landland
withoutwithout
evilevil
isbe
asas
muchmuch
aa
chimerachimera
inin
Burmaburma
todaytoday
asas
thethe
notionnotion
ofof
Kawthooleikawthoolei
itselfitself
,,
saidsay
aa
Karenkaren
refugeerefugee
leaderleader
,,
whowho
likelike
manymany
alongalong
thethe
borderborder
inin
thesethese
nervousnervous
daysday
insistedinsist
onon
anonymityanonymity
.
Lastlast
monthmonth
,,
thethe
Burmeseburmese
governmentgovernment
scoredscore
oneone
ofof
itsits
highesthigh
profileprofile
coupscoup
whenwhen
aa
flamboyantflamboyant
opiumopium
warlordwarlord
,,
Khunkhun
Sasa
,,
bowedbow
toto
thethe
newnew
geopoliticsgeopolitics
ofof
thethe
mountainousmountainous
borderlandborderland
andand
struckstrike
aa
dealdeal
,,
surrenderingsurrender
hishis
mostlymostly
ethnicethnic
Shanshan
armyarmy
.
Meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
thethe
Karenkaren
armyarmy
steadilysteadily
retreatedretreat
,,
losinglose
thethe
historichistoric
invasioninvasion
routeroute
ofof
Threethree
Pagodaspagodas
Passpass
inin
19921992
andand
itsits
lastlast
realreal
strongholdstronghold
nearnear
thethe
borderborder
,,
atat
Manerplawmanerplaw
,,
aa
yearyear
agoago
.
Manymany
ofof
thethe
5,0005,000
studentstudent
demonstratorsdemonstrator
whowho
fledflee
toto
joinjoin
thethe
insurgentsinsurgent
afterafter
aa
militarymilitary
crackdowncrackdown
inin
19881988
havehave
nownow
filteredfilter
backback
toto
thethe
citiescity
.
Thosethose
whowho
remainremain
arebe
frightenedfrightened
.
""
Mymy
mothermother
wrotewrite
toto
meme
sayingsay
thethe
schoolsschool
hadhave
reopenedreopen
,,
butbut
sheshe
saidsay
thethe
situationsituation
isbe
notnot
veryvery
safesafe
,,
""
saidsay
aa
formerformer
Rangoonrangoon
Universityuniversity
studentstudent
namednamed
Sawsaw
Tendertender
,,
whowho
hashave
livedlive
alongalong
thethe
borderborder
sincesince
19911991
.
""
Oneone
ofof
mymy
friendsfriend
decideddecide
toto
gogo
backback
,,
andand
hehe
wasbe
arrestedarrest
andand
imprisonedimprison
forfor
2020
yearsyear
..
""
.
Forfor
peopleperson
likelike
Nitanita
andand
Sawsaw
Tendertender
,,
itit
isbe
hardhard
toto
knowknow
wherewhere
toto
turnturn
forfor
safetysafety
.
Inin
thethe
lastlast
yearyear
,,
thethe
70,00070,000
Karenkaren
refugeesrefugee
scatteredscatter
throughthrough
twotwo
dozendozen
campscamp
inin
Thailandthailand
havehave
comecome
underunder
aa
newnew
threatthreat
fromfrom
aa
breakawaybreakaway
factionfaction
calledcall
thethe
Democraticdemocratic
Karenkaren
Buddhistbuddhist
Armyarmy
.
Withwith
whatwhat
Westernwestern
andand
locallocal
expertsexpert
saysay
isbe
thethe
activeactive
supportsupport
andand
participationparticipation
ofof
thethe
Burmeseburmese
governmentgovernment
,,
thisthis
factionfaction
hashave
mademake
aa
seriesseries
ofof
raidsraid
intointo
Thailandthailand
,,
killingkill
andand
kidnappingkidnap
refugeesrefugee
andand
burningburn
severalseveral
ofof
theirtheir
campscamp
inin
ana
efforteffort
toto
frightenfrighten
themthem
backback
intointo
Burmaburma
.
Inin
recentrecent
weeksweek
,,
foreignforeign
aidaid
workersworker
havehave
stoppedstop
spendingspend
thethe
nightnight
inin
thethe
campscamp
,,
andand
thethe
Thaithai
militarymilitary
hashave
increasedincrease
itsits
presencepresence
.
Westernwestern
diplomatsdiplomat
andand
humanhuman
rightsright
andand
aidaid
workersworker
saysay
Thaithai
policypolicy
hashave
playedplay
aa
largelarge
partpart
inin
creatingcreate
thisthis
unstableunstable
situationsituation
alongalong
thethe
borderborder
.
Inin
itsits
single-mindedsingle-minded
rushrush
toto
growgrow
richerrich
,,
Thailandthailand
hashave
beenbe
courtingcourt
Burmaburma
forfor
itsits
timbertimber
andand
itsits
tradetrade
,,
doingdo
itsits
bestgood
toto
ignoreignore
questionsquestion
ofof
humanhuman
rightsright
andand
thethe
aspirationsaspiration
ofof
minorityminority
groupsgroup
.
Thethe
Thaisthais
werebe
amongamong
thethe
firstfirst
toto
offeroffer
aa
handhand
ofof
friendshipfriendship
toto
thethe
Burmeseburmese
governmentgovernment
withinwithin
weeksweek
ofof
itsits
violentviolent
crackdowncrackdown
inin
Augustaugust
andand
Septemberseptember
19881988
.
Andand
inin
recentrecent
monthsmonth
,,
Thailandthailand
hashave
abandonedabandon
aa
long-standinglong-standing
policypolicy
ofof
maintainingmaintain
aa
""
bufferbuffer
statestate
""
inin
whichwhich
itit
allowedallow
thethe
insurgenciesinsurgency
toto
operateoperate
alongalong
itsits
borderborder
.
NOWnow
,,
insteadinstead
ofof
aa
bufferbuffer
,,
thethe
Thaisthais
findfind
themselvesthemselves
forfor
thethe
firstfirst
timetime
facingface
aa
largelarge
,,
battle-hardenedbattle-hardened
andand
unpredictableunpredictable
armyarmy
onon
theirtheir
westernwestern
frontierfrontier
.
Trappedtrap
byby
thethe
pressurespressure
ofof
opposingopposing
armiesarmy
,,
politicalpolitical
conflictsconflict
andand
economiceconomic
ambitionsambition
,,
unableunable
toto
fleeflee
fartherfarther
intointo
Thailandthailand
oror
toto
returnreturn
toto
thethe
dangersdanger
ofof
thethe
interiorinterior
ofof
Burmaburma
,,
thethe
refugeesrefugee
inin
thisthis
barrenbarren
campcamp
cancan
onlyonly
dreamdream
ofof
Kawthooleikawthoolei
.
Nitanita
,,
whowho
isbe
marriedmarry
toto
aa
Khmerkhmer
Nationalnational
Unionunion
soldiersoldier
,,
reallyreally
hashave
nono
homelandhomeland
toto
returnreturn
toto
.
Sheshe
hashave
spentspend
nearlynearly
3030
yearsyear
asas
aa
teacherteacher
amongamong
thethe
Karenkaren
inin
thethe
junglesjungle
andand
refugeerefugee
campscamp
andand
hashave
raisedraise
threethree
childrenchild
ofof
herher
ownown
whowho
havehave
nevernever
seensee
aa
Burmeseburmese
citycity
.
""
Thisthis
isbe
notnot
aa
goodgood
lifelife
forfor
thethe
childrenchild
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
,,
standingstand
besidebeside
thethe
open-sidedopen-sided
schoolhouseschoolhouse
wherewhere
herher
studentsstudent
holdhold
ragsrag
toto
theirtheir
facesface
whenwhen
thethe
dustdust
blowsblow
.
""
Butbut
itit
wasbe
eveneven
worsebad
inin
thethe
villagesvillage
whenwhen
thethe
soldierssoldier
keptkeep
attackingattack
.
Eveneven
whenwhen
theythey
werebe
inin
schoolschool
,,
thethe
childrenchild
hadhave
toto
bebe
alertalert
toto
runrun
.
Ourour
historyhistory
isbe
aa
historyhistory
ofof
runningrunning
,,
villagevillage
byby
villagevillage
,,
yearyear
byby
yearyear
,,
untiluntil
wewe
reachedreach
thisthis
placeplace
wherewhere
wewe
arebe
notnot
allowedallow
toto
runrun
anyany
moremore
..
""
.
""
Whatwhat
Ii
wantwant
toto
knowknow
isbe
,,
doesdo
anybodyanybody
havehave
aa
planplan
forfor
peopleperson
likelike
meme
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
,,
""
becausebecause
Ii
wantwant
toto
staystay
inin
oneone
placeplace
peacefullypeacefully
,,
growinggrow
mymy
gardengarden
andand
livinglive
withoutwithout
harmharm
.
Isbe
therethere
anyany
placeplace
likelike
thisthis
??
""
.
Overover
thethe
lastlast
sixsix
yearsyear
,,
counterfeiterscounterfeiter
inin
thethe
Middlemiddle
Easteast
havehave
turnedturn
outout
millionsmillions
ofof
dollarsdollar
inin
exceptionallyexceptionally
high-qualityhigh-quality
$dollar
100100
billsbill
,,
defyingdefy
intenseintense
Americanamerican
effortseffort
toto
findfind
andand
halthalt
theirtheir
operationoperation
,,
seniorsenior
Americanamerican
officialsofficial
saysay
.
Aidedaid
byby
thethe
Centralcentral
Intelligenceintelligence
Agencyagency
,,
Secretsecret
Serviceservice
agentsagent
havehave
crisscrossedcrisscross
thethe
Middlemiddle
Easteast
,,
recruitingrecruit
informantsinformant
andand
collectingcollect
samplessample
ofof
thethe
fakefake
currencycurrency
,,
saidsay
toto
bebe
thethe
mostmuch
realisticrealistic
counterfeitcounterfeit
moneymoney
everever
mademake
.
Severalseveral
administrationadministration
officialsofficial
saidsay
thethe
inquiryinquiry
hadhave
turnedturn
upup
hintshint
ofof
sponsorshipsponsorship
byby
foreignforeign
governmentsgovernment
,,
includinginclude
suspicionssuspicion
thatthat
Iraniran
mightmight
bebe
printingprint
thethe
billsbill
andand
Syriasyria
sanctioningsanction
theirtheir
distributiondistribution
.
Therethere
alsoalso
arebe
signssign
thatthat
somesome
ofof
thethe
billsbill
havehave
beenbe
useduse
byby
peopleperson
withwith
tiestie
toto
terroristterrorist
organizationsorganization
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Butbut
seniorsenior
officialsofficial
acknowledgedacknowledge
inin
interviewsinterview
thatthat
itit
remainedremain
unclearunclear
preciselyprecisely
wherewhere
thethe
currencycurrency
,,
knownknow
asas
thethe
Superdollarsuperdollar
oror
Supernotesupernote
,,
wasbe
beingbe
producedproduce
,,
oror
byby
whomwhom
.
Andand
thoughthough
thethe
Secretsecret
Serviceservice
hashave
confiscatedconfiscate
upup
toto
$dollar
1010
millionmillion
ofof
thethe
fakefake
notesnote
,,
thethe
officialsofficial
saidsay
,,
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
lackslack
enoughenough
evidenceevidence
toto
makemake
publicpublic
accusationsaccusation
againstagainst
anyany
governmentgovernment
oror
terroristterrorist
groupgroup
.
Indeedindeed
,,
aa
newnew
reportreport
byby
thethe
Generalgeneral
Accountingaccounting
Officeoffice
releasedrelease
Tuesdaytuesday
sayssay
thatthat
thethe
problemsproblem
combatingcombat
thethe
Superdollarsuperdollar
showshow
howhow
vulnerablevulnerable
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
isbe
toto
counterfeitingcounterfeiting
.
Nearlynearly
two-thirdstwo-thirds
ofof
thethe
$dollar
380380
billionbillion
inin
Americanamerican
currencycurrency
circulatescirculate
overseasoverseas
,,
andand
substantialsubstantial
counterfeitingcounterfeiting
couldcould
undermineundermine
foreigners'foreigner
confidenceconfidence
inin
thethe
dollardollar
asas
thethe
world'sworld
safestsafe
investmentinvestment
havenhaven
.
Thethe
threatthreat
fromfrom
thethe
Superdollarsuperdollar
hashave
beenbe
ana
impetusimpetus
toto
aa
sweepingsweeping
redesignredesign
ofof
Americanamerican
currencycurrency
,,
startingstart
withwith
aa
$dollar
100100
billbill
toto
bebe
releasedrelease
nextnext
monthmonth
thatthat
willwill
incorporateincorporate
severalseveral
newnew
anti-counterfeitinganti-counterfeiting
measuresmeasure
thatthat
couldcould
foilfoil
mostmost
criminalscriminal
.
Butbut
whenwhen
thethe
governmentgovernment
introducesintroduce
newnew
currencycurrency
,,
itit
doesdo
notnot
recallrecall
existingexisting
billsbill
,,
andand
itit
couldcould
taketake
severalseveral
yearsyear
forfor
thethe
olderold
notesnote
toto
disappeardisappear
fromfrom
thethe
marketmarket
.
Treasurytreasury
officialsofficial
saidsay
somesome
ofof
thethe
fearsfear
aboutabout
thethe
Superdollarsuperdollar
havehave
beenbe
overblownoverblow
,,
andand
theythey
saidsay
thethe
fakesfake
arebe
onlyonly
aa
minusculeminuscule
fractionfraction
ofof
thethe
$dollar
100100
billsbill
inin
circulationcirculation
.
Theythey
alsoalso
saidsay
theythey
hadhave
learnedlearn
howhow
toto
spotspot
thethe
slightslight
flawsflaw
inin
severalseveral
variationsvariation
ofof
thethe
notesnote
,,
makingmake
thethe
officialsofficial
moremuch
confidentconfident
thatthat
theythey
cancan
keepkeep
thethe
problemproblem
underunder
controlcontrol
.
Somesome
officialsofficial
saidsay
thethe
Secretsecret
Serviceservice
hadhave
disputeddispute
aa
CIAcia
estimateestimate
thatthat
$dollar
11
billionbillion
ofof
thethe
notesnote
hadhave
beenbe
printedprint
.
Butbut
thethe
GAOgao
contendedcontend
thatthat
thethe
Secretsecret
Service'sservice
methodsmethod
forfor
makingmake
itsits
ownown
projectionsprojection
arebe
inadequateinadequate
.
Otherother
estimatesestimate
byby
lawlaw
enforcementenforcement
officialsofficial
rangerange
fromfrom
tensten
ofof
millionsmillion
toto
hundredshundred
ofof
millionsmillion
ofof
dollars'dollar
worthworth
ofof
thethe
fakefake
notesnote
.
U.S.u.s.
officialsofficial
saidsay
theirtheir
biggestbig
concernconcern
wasbe
thatthat
Superdollarssuperdollars
couldcould
bebe
thethe
handiworkhandiwork
ofof
aa
hostilehostile
countrycountry
tryingtry
toto
propprop
upup
itsits
ownown
economyeconomy
oror
interfereinterfere
withwith
thatthat
ofof
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
Thethe
mattermatter
isbe
consideredconsider
soso
criticalcritical
thatthat
Presidentpresident
Billbill
Clintonclinton
askedask
Presidentpresident
Hafezhafez
Assadassad
ofof
Syriasyria
forfor
intelligenceintelligence
informationinformation
thatthat
mightmight
unmaskunmask
thethe
counterfeiterscounterfeiter
whenwhen
thethe
twotwo
leadersleader
metmeet
inin
Genevageneva
inin
Januaryjanuary
19941994
.
Aa
seniorsenior
Americanamerican
officialofficial
saidsay
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Assadassad
saidsay
hehe
wasbe
""
preparedprepared
toto
helphelp
..
""
.
Secretarysecretary
ofof
Statestate
Warrenwarren
M.m.
Christopherchristopher
renewedrenew
thethe
requestrequest
lastlast
Maymay
,,
andand
Americanamerican
investigatorsinvestigator
havehave
sincesince
traveledtravel
toto
Syriasyria
toto
investigateinvestigate
reportsreport
aboutabout
proliferationproliferation
ofof
thethe
currencycurrency
inin
Lebanonlebanon
,,
wherewhere
thethe
Syrianssyrian
wieldwield
considerableconsiderable
influenceinfluence
.
Littlelittle
ofof
valuevalue
hashave
emergedemerge
fromfrom
thosethose
talkstalk
,,
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
""
Wewe
'vehave
hadhave
conversationsconversation
withwith
aa
lotlot
ofof
thethe
countriescountry
inin
thethe
regionregion
,,
includinginclude
thethe
Syrianssyrian
,,
""
saidsay
aa
seniorsenior
administrationadministration
officialofficial
.
""
Wewe
'vehave
nevernever
accusedaccuse
themthem
ofof
thisthis
.
Franklyfrankly
,,
wewe
dodo
n'tnot
knowknow
..
""
.
Representativerepresentative
Jimjim
Leachleach
,,
aa
Republicanrepublican
ofof
Iowaiowa
whowho
isbe
chairmanchairman
ofof
thethe
Househouse
Committeecommittee
onon
Bankingbanking
andand
Financialfinancial
Servicesservice
andand
hashave
beenbe
briefedbrief
onon
thethe
inquiryinquiry
,,
saidsay
thethe
Supernotessupernotes
werebe
""
aa
veryvery
seriousserious
problemproblem
..
""
.
""
Thesethese
dodo
notnot
appearappear
toto
bebe
notesnote
thatthat
emanateemanate
fromfrom
traditionaltraditional
organizedorganized
crimecrime
elementselement
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
""
Mymy
viewview
isbe
thatthat
therethere
isbe
governmentalgovernmental
involvementinvolvement
inin
thesethese
Supernotessupernotes
,,
partlypartly
basedbase
onon
thethe
factfact
thatthat
theythey
'rebe
soso
goodgood
..
""
.
Investigatorsinvestigator
saidsay
theythey
hadhave
comecome
acrossacross
theirtheir
firstfirst
Superdollarsuperdollar
,,
whichwhich
thethe
Secretsecret
Serviceservice
officiallyofficially
refersrefer
toto
asas
counterfeitcounterfeit
seriesseries
1434214342
,,
inin
19901990
.
Theythey
saidsay
thethe
fakefake
notesnote
initiallyinitially
appearedappear
inin
thethe
Bekaabekaa
Valleyvalley
ofof
Lebanonlebanon
whenwhen
Muslimmuslim
andand
Christianchristian
forcesforce
werebe
fightingfight
therethere
inin
thethe
earlyearly
1990s1990s
.
Butbut
severalseveral
newnew
versionsversion
ofof
thethe
notesnote
havehave
appearedappear
sincesince
,,
andand
theythey
havehave
spreadspread
asas
farfar
asas
Honghong
Kongkong
andand
Moscowmoscow
.
Oneone
remarkableremarkable
featurefeature
ofof
thethe
notesnote
isbe
thatthat
theythey
werebe
printedprint
onon
intagliointaglio
pressespress
,,
whichwhich
imprintimprint
billsbill
fromfrom
etchedetched
platesplate
withwith
substantialsubstantial
forceforce
.
Mostmost
counterfeitscounterfeit
arebe
printedprint
onon
offsetoffset
pressespress
,,
whichwhich
produceproduce
flatflat
sheetssheet
.
Butbut
thethe
hugehuge
intagliointaglio
machinesmachine
arebe
useduse
byby
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
otherother
largelarge
governmentsgovernment
,,
includinginclude
Iraniran
,,
thatthat
printprint
theirtheir
ownown
currencycurrency
,,
andand
smallersmall
versionsversion
arebe
commerciallycommercially
availableavailable
.
Thethe
Superdollarssuperdollars
arebe
mademake
withwith
ragrag
cottoncotton
paperpaper
,,
asas
isbe
realreal
U.S.u.s.
currencycurrency
.
Theythey
alsoalso
containcontain
tinytiny
redred
andand
blueblue
fibersfiber
andand
ana
embeddedembedded
plasticplastic
stripstrip
,,
ana
anti-counterfeitinganti-counterfeiting
featurefeature
thatthat
wasbe
addedadd
toto
realreal
dollarsdollar
inin
19901990
.
Iraqiiraqi
oppositionopposition
figuresfigure
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
clashesclash
hadhave
brokenbreak
outout
betweenbetween
forcesforce
loyalloyal
toto
Presidentpresident
Saddamsaddam
Husseinhussein
andand
relativesrelative
ofof
thethe
twotwo
formerformer
defectorsdefector
whowho
werebe
killedkill
lastlast
weekweek
inin
Baghdadbaghdad
.
Thethe
oppositionopposition
groupsgroup
saidsay
thethe
clashesclash
werebe
sparkedspark
byby
Friday'sfriday
killingkilling
ofof
Generalgeneral
Husseinhussein
Kamelkamel
andand
Colonelcolonel
Saddamsaddam
Kamelkamel
,,
sons-in-lawson-in-law
ofof
Mr.mr.
Saddamsaddam
whowho
hadhave
onceonce
beenbe
highhigh
governmentgovernment
officialsofficial
.
Thethe
brothersbrother
werebe
reportedlyreportedly
killedkill
byby
relativesrelative
whowho
werebe
angryangry
thatthat
theythey
hadhave
dishonoreddishonor
thethe
familyfamily
.
Hamedhamed
Bayatibayati
,,
aa
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
ana
Iraqiiraqi
oppositionopposition
groupgroup
inin
Londonlondon
,,
saidsay
ofof
Generalgeneral
Kamelkamel
,,
""
Fortyforty
ofof
hishis
relativesrelative
havehave
beenbe
liquidatedliquidate
,,
includinginclude
womenwoman
andand
childrenchild
""
.
Somesome
ofof
hishis
relativesrelative
inin
Jordanjordan
saidsay
thatthat
thethe
latestlate
victimsvictim
werebe
Generalgeneral
Kamel'skamel
twotwo
sisterssister
,,
whowho
werebe
killedkill
Mondaymonday
inin
Baghdadbaghdad
alongalong
withwith
oneone
sister'ssister
husbandhusband
andand
theirtheir
childrenchild
.
Andand
thethe
Iranianiranian
presspress
agencyagency
IRNAirna
quotedquote
ana
Iraqiiraqi
oppositionopposition
leaderleader
asas
sayingsay
thatthat
fightingfighting
hadhave
brokenbreak
outout
betweenbetween
Iraqiiraqi
forcesforce
andand
relativesrelative
ofof
thethe
slainslain
defectorsdefector
.
Iraq'siraq
mediamedia
hashave
notnot
mentionedmention
anyany
clashesclash
andand
Adeladel
Ibrahimibrahim
,,
aa
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
thethe
Iraqiiraqi
Embassyembassy
inin
Jordanjordan
,,
denieddeny
thethe
reportsreport
.
""
Thesethese
arebe
merelymerely
rumorsrumor
andand
theythey
arebe
notnot
truetrue
,,
""
hehe
saidsay
.
Nonenone
ofof
thethe
reportsreport
couldcould
bebe
independentlyindependently
confirmedconfirm
.
Butbut
Ayatollahayatollah
Mohammedmohammed
Bakrbakr
Hakimhakim
,,
headhead
ofof
thethe
oppositionopposition
Supremesupreme
Assemblyassembly
ofof
thethe
Islamicislamic
Revolutionrevolution
ofof
Iraqiraq
,,
saidsay
aa
seriesseries
ofof
armedarmed
strugglesstruggle
hadhave
brokenbreak
outout
inin
Baghdadbaghdad
latelate
Mondaymonday
,,
includinginclude
oneone
fightfight
nearnear
thethe
presidentialpresidential
palacepalace
.
Hehe
describeddescribe
thethe
situationsituation
asas
""
turbulentturbulent
,,
""
accordingaccord
toto
Iran'siran
officialofficial
presspress
agencyagency
.
Hehe
alsoalso
saidsay
therethere
wasbe
fightingfighting
betweenbetween
pro-Saddampro-saddam
forcesforce
andand
relativesrelative
ofof
thethe
slainslain
defectorsdefector
inin
Mr.mr.
Saddam'ssaddam
hometownhometown
ofof
Tikrittikrit
,,
northnorth
ofof
Baghdadbaghdad
.
Hehe
saidsay
therethere
werebe
aa
largelarge
numbernumber
ofof
casualtiescasualty
onon
bothboth
sidesside
inin
thethe
Tikrittikrit
fightingfighting
,,
butbut
hehe
gavegive
nono
figuresfigure
.
Mr.mr.
Hakimhakim
isbe
inin
exileexile
inin
Tehrantehran
.
Thethe
Iraqiiraqi
governmentgovernment
portrayedportray
thethe
killingskilling
ofof
thethe
defectorsdefector
asas
retributionretribution
byby
theirtheir
relativesrelative
.
Thethe
governmentgovernment
laudedlaud
thethe
attackersattacker
asas
""
heroeshero
""
andand
denounceddenounce
thethe
defectorsdefector
asas
""
traitorstraitor
..
""
.
Iraq'siraq
criticscritic
,,
meanwhilemeanwhile
,,
accusedaccuse
thethe
governmentgovernment
ofof
orchestratingorchestrate
thethe
killingskilling
.
Al-Hayatal-hayat
,,
ana
Arabic-languagearabic-language
newspapernewspaper
basedbase
inin
Londonlondon
,,
reportedreport
thatthat
Mr.mr.
Saddamsaddam
hadhave
startedstart
aa
campaigncampaign
toto
eliminateeliminate
thethe
familiesfamily
ofof
thethe
defectorsdefector
.
""
Saddamsaddam
Husseinhussein
isbe
continuingcontinue
aa
widespreadwidespread
drivedrive
ofof
purgingpurging
relativesrelative
ofof
Husseinhussein
Kamelkamel
andand
allall
whowho
arebe
suspectedsuspect
ofof
havinghave
sympathysympathy
withwith
himhim
,,
""
thethe
newspapernewspaper
saidsay
,,
citingcite
diplomaticdiplomatic
sourcessource
inin
Jordanjordan
.
Thethe
Beirutbeirut
Commodorecommodore
Hotelhotel
,,
well-knownwell-known
asas
thethe
correspondents'correspondent
homehome
awayaway
fromfrom
homehome
duringduring
Lebanon'slebanon
civilcivil
warwar
,,
reopenedreopen
Tuesdaytuesday
,,
ninenine
yearsyear
afterafter
itit
wasbe
razedraze
byby
room-to-roomroom-to-room
fightingfighting
betweenbetween
rivalrival
militiasmilitia
.
Thethe
Commodorecommodore
cateredcater
toto
thethe
hundredshundreds
ofof
journalistsjournalist
whowho
coveredcover
thethe
1975-19901975-1990
conflictconflict
afterafter
mostmost
ofof
Beirut'sbeirut
mainmain
hotelshotel
werebe
destroyeddestroy
.
Aboutabout
thethe
onlyonly
holdoverholdover
fromfrom
thethe
warwar
yearsyear
isbe
thethe
Presspress
Barbar
offoff
thethe
lobbylobby
.
Britainbritain
announcedannounce
plansplan
Tuesdaytuesday
toto
tempttempt
high-rollershigh-roller
toto
itsits
casinoscasino
byby
relaxingrelax
rulesrule
introducedintroduce
inin
thethe
1960s1960s
toto
stopstop
peopleperson
fromfrom
catchingcatch
gamblinggambling
feverfever
.
Thethe
governmentgovernment
saidsay
itit
proposedpropose
toto
changechange
aa
regulationregulation
requiringrequire
potentialpotential
gamblersgambler
toto
applyapply
forfor
membershipmembership
personallypersonally
atat
aa
casinocasino
andand
thenthen
waitwait
4848
hourshour
beforebefore
approachingapproach
thethe
tablestable
.
Europeaneuropean
maritimemaritime
nationsnation
openedopen
aa
two-daytwo-day
meetingmeeting
Tuesdaytuesday
inin
Stockholmstockholm
toto
discussdiscuss
ferryferry
safetysafety
.
Talkstalk
inin
Januaryjanuary
failedfail
toto
produceproduce
ana
agreementagreement
.
((
Reutersreuters
))
Severalseveral
hundredhundred
seabirdsseabird
havehave
washedwash
upup
onon
thethe
coastcoast
inin
northwestnorthwest
Francefrance
,,
victimsvictim
ofof
oiloil
pollutionpollution
.
Ana
environmentalenvironmental
saidsay
somesome
tankertanker
captainscaptain
werebe
cleaningclean
theirtheir
shipsship
emptyempty
inin
thethe
hopehope
thatthat
thethe
resultingresulting
oiloil
slicksslick
wouldwould
bebe
overlookedoverlook
becausebecause
ofof
thethe
hugehuge
spillspill
fromfrom
thethe
Seasea
Empressempress
oiloil
tankertanker
,,
agroundaground
offoff
thethe
Welshwelsh
coastcoast
.
((
AFPafp
))
Polandpoland
hashave
approvedapprove
aa
roadroad
traffictraffic
lawlaw
designeddesign
toto
curbcurb
mountingmounting
carcar
theftstheft
andand
increaseincrease
safetysafety
,,
officialsofficial
saidsay
.
Itit
willwill
createcreate
aa
centralcentral
registerregister
ofof
vehiclesvehicle
andand
driversdriver
toto
whichwhich
eacheach
policepolice
patrolpatrol
carcar
willwill
havehave
immediateimmediate
accessaccess
.
((
Reutersreuters
))
Startingstart
nextnext
weekweek
,,
somesome
restroomsrestroom
onon
FJapanfjapan
Airair
System'ssystem
planesplane
willwill
bebe
forfor
womenwoman
onlyonly
.
Thethe
""
floralfloral
roomsroom
""
willwill
offeroffer
cosmeticscosmetic
andand
women'swoman
necessitiesnecessity
andand
bebe
decorateddecorate
withwith
drieddried
flowersflower
andand
floralfloral
motifsmotif
,,
saidsay
Akiraakira
Seraoserao
,,
aa
JASjas
spokeswomanspokeswoman
.
Cubacuba
,,
internationallyinternationally
criticizedcriticize
forfor
shootingshoot
downdown
twotwo
civiliancivilian
planesplane
,,
angrilyangrily
condemnedcondemn
newnew
U.S.u.s.
sanctionssanction
againstagainst
itit
onon
Tuesdaytuesday
andand
vowedvow
toto
standstand
byby
itsits
principlesprinciple
.
Thethe
Castrocastro
regimeregime
continuedcontinue
toto
insistinsist
thatthat
itit
shotshoot
downdown
thethe
planesplane
inin
legitimatelegitimate
defensedefense
ofof
itsits
airspaceairspace
afterafter
issuingissue
warningswarning
,,
andand
reactedreact
withwith
defiancedefiance
toto
thethe
impositionimposition
ofof
freshfresh
U.S.u.s.
sanctionssanction
andand
toto
aa
Unitedunited
Nationsnation
resolutionresolution
deploringdeplore
itsits
actionaction
.
""
Cubacuba
neitherneither
fearsfear
nornor
acceptsaccept
threatsthreat
,,
""
thethe
Foreignforeign
Ministryministry
saidsay
inin
aa
statementstatement
onon
thethe
incidentincident
thatthat
wasbe
publishedpublish
onon
thethe
frontfront
pagepage
ofof
thethe
Communistcommunist
Partyparty
newspapernewspaper
Granmagranma
.
""
Thethe
unfairunfair
andand
cruelcruel
measuresmeasure
Presidentpresident
Clintonclinton
announcedannounce
seemseem
meagermeager
toto
representativesrepresentative
ofof
thethe
Cubancuban
far-rightfar-right
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
,,
whowho
byby
askingask
forfor
toughertough
sanctionssanction
dodo
nothingnothing
moremuch
thanthan
contributecontribute
toto
addingadding
tensiontension
toto
thethe
U.S.u.s.
politicalpolitical
climateclimate
withwith
thethe
goalgoal
ofof
puttingput
obstaclesobstacle
inin
thethe
pathpath
ofof
thethe
currentcurrent
presidentpresident
inin
thethe
run-uprun-up
toto
thethe
19961996
electionelection
,,
""
thethe
statementstatement
publishedpublish
inin
Granmagranma
saidsay
.
Referringrefer
toto
thethe
approachingapproaching
35th35th
anniversaryanniversary
ofof
thethe
Baybay
ofof
Pigspig
invasioninvasion
ofof
Cubacuba
byby
CIA-backedcia-backed
Cubancuban
exilesexile
inin
Aprilapril
19611961
,,
thethe
statementstatement
saidsay
Cubacuba
wasbe
preparedprepare
toto
faceface
andand
""
crushcrush
""
anyany
newnew
suchsuch
attackattack
.
""
Therethere
isbe
nono
reasonreason
atat
allall
toto
sanctionsanction
Cubacuba
,,
""
itit
saidsay
.
Inin
Genevageneva
,,
aa
spokesmanspokesman
forfor
thethe
Cubancuban
Foreignforeign
Ministryministry
calledcall
thethe
UNun
resolutionresolution
""
aa
totaltotal
miscarriagemiscarriage
ofof
justicejustice
""
thatthat
lackedlack
""
anyany
clearclear
condemnationcondemnation
ofof
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstate
asas
thethe
clearclear
originatororiginator
ofof
thisthis
sequencesequence
ofof
eventsevent
..
""
.
U.S.u.s.
officialsofficial
allowedallow
thethe
planesplane
toto
taketake
offoff
fromfrom
Floridaflorida
despitedespite
knowingknow
theythey
wouldwould
violateviolate
Cubancuban
airspaceairspace
,,
thethe
spokesmanspokesman
,,
Miguelmiguel
Alfonsoalfonso
Martinezmartinez
,,
saidsay
.
Thethe
measuresmeasure
announcedannounce
Tuesdaytuesday
byby
Presidentpresident
Billbill
Clintonclinton
includedinclude
thethe
suspensionsuspension
ofof
chartercharter
flightsflight
betweenbetween
Miamimiami
andand
Havanahavana
,,
restrictionsrestriction
onon
movementmovement
ofof
Cubancuban
diplomatsdiplomat
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
andand
thethe
expansionexpansion
ofof
Radioradio
Martimarti
,,
aa
U.S.u.s.
government-fundedgovernment-funded
radioradio
stationstation
thatthat
broadcastsbroadcast
toto
Cubacuba
.
Thethe
statementstatement
byby
thethe
Foreignforeign
Ministryministry
saidsay
thatthat
suspendingsuspend
flightsflight
betweenbetween
Havanahavana
andand
Miamimiami
wouldwould
affectaffect
manymany
peopleperson
inin
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
.
Manymany
Cubancuban
Americansamerican
havehave
beenbe
flyingfly
toto
thethe
islandisland
aboardaboard
thethe
1111
weeklyweekly
flightsflight
betweenbetween
thethe
twotwo
citiescity
.
Thethe
statementstatement
directeddirect
itsits
strongeststrong
languagelanguage
atat
Fidelfidel
Castro'scastro
hard-linehard-line
opponentsopponent
inin
Floridaflorida
,,
callingcall
themthem
""
far-rightfar-right
gangstersgangster
""
whosewhose
intoleranceintolerance
wasbe
similarsimilar
toto
thethe
Spanishspanish
Inquisitioninquisition
.
Itit
askedask
whatwhat
measuresmeasure
thethe
U.S.u.s.
governmentgovernment
wouldwould
taketake
""
againstagainst
terroristterrorist
groupsgroup
thatthat
projectproject
andand
carrycarry
outout
armedarmed
actionsaction
andand
violationsviolation
ofof
thethe
airair
spacespace
ofof
aa
sovereignsovereign
nationnation
??
""
.
Butbut
Cubancuban
exilesexile
inin
Miamimiami
saidsay
Tuesdaytuesday
thatthat
theythey
plannedplan
toto
sendsend
boatsboat
andand
twotwo
moremore
aircraftaircraft
intointo
thethe
waterswater
andand
skiessky
nearnear
wherewhere
thethe
aircraftaircraft
werebe
shotshoot
downdown
Saturdaysaturday
.
Aa
coalitioncoalition
ofof
exileexile
groupsgroup
saidsay
thethe
planesplane
andand
boatsboat
wouldwould
dropdrop
flowersflower
intointo
thethe
waterwater
inin
memorymemory
ofof
thethe
fourfour
fliersflier
onon
Saturdaysaturday
,,
aa
weekweek
afterafter
thethe
incidentincident
.
""
Wewe
arebe
goinggo
intointo
thethe
samesame
areaarea
wewe
werebe
inin
lastlast
weekweek
,,
""
saidsay
Jos‚jos‚
Basultobasulto
,,
leaderleader
ofof
Brothersbrother
toto
thethe
Rescuerescue
,,
whichwhich
sentsend
thethe
planesplane
towardtoward
Cubacuba
.
""
Itit
'sbe
ourour
rightright
toto
bebe
therethere
.
Thosethose
arebe
internationalinternational
waterswater
.
Nobodynobody
cancan
preventprevent
usus
byby
fearfear
""
.
Askedask
aboutabout
thethe
possibilitypossibility
thatthat
thethe
Unitedunited
Statesstates
mightmight
halthalt
suchsuch
flightsflight
,,
Mr.mr.
Basultobasulto
saidsay
::
""
Itit
wouldwould
bebe
aa
shamefulshameful
actact
ofof
cowardicecowardice
byby
thethe
U.S.u.s.
governmentgovernment
""
.
Althoughalthough
Cubacuba
wasbe
widelywidely
criticizedcriticize
aroundaround
thethe
worldworld
,,
therethere
wasbe
littlelittle
supportsupport
forfor
Washington'swashington
movesmove
toto
retaliateretaliate
withwith
sanctionssanction
.
Cherylcheryl
Caroluscarolus
,,
deputydeputy
secretarysecretary
generalgeneral
ofof
thethe
Africanafrican
Nationalnational
Congresscongress
inin
Southsouth
Africaafrica
,,
saidsay
thethe
incidentincident
reflectedreflect
""
thethe
reallyreally
ridiculousridiculous
relationsrelation
betweenbetween
thethe
U.S.u.s.
andand
Cubacuba
..
""
.
""
Ii
thinkthink
thethe
U.S.u.s.
policypolicy
isbe
ridiculousridiculous
andand
outdatedoutdated
.
Itit
hashave
causedcause
untolduntold
hardshiphardship
,,
""
sheshe
saidsay
inin
Johannesburgjohannesburg
.