This is my great uncle , my father 's father 's younger brother . die|PRON sein|VERB mein|PRON Großonkel|NOUN ,|. die|DET jung|ADJ Bruder|NOUN mein|PRON Großvater|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 5-4 6-8 11-6 12-7 13-10 His name was Joe McKenna . sein|PRON Name|NOUN sein|VERB Joe|NOUN McKenna|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 He was a young husband and a semi-pro basketball player and a fireman in New York City . er|PRON sein|VERB eine|DET jung|ADJ Ehemann|NOUN ,|. eine|DET semiprofessioneller|ADJ Basketballspieler|NOUN und|CONJ eine|DET Feuerwehrmann|NOUN in|ADP New|NOUN York|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 10-9 11-10 12-11 13-12 14-13 15-14 17-15 Family history says he loved being a fireman , and so in 1938 , on one of his days off , he elected to hang out at the firehouse . die|DET Familiengeschichte|NOUN zufolge|ADP lieben|VERB er|PRON sein|PRON Beruf|NOUN und|CONJ deshalb|PRON verbringen|VERB er|PRON 1938|ADV eine|PRON sein|PRON frei|ADJ Tag|NOUN auf|ADP die|DET Feuerwache|NOUN .|. 3-4 4-3 5-5 9-7 10-8 12-11 15-12 17-13 18-15 26-16 27-17 28-18 29-19 To make himself useful that day , he started polishing all the brass , the railings on the fire truck , the fittings on the walls , um|ADP sich|PRON nützlich|ADJ zu|PRT machen|VERB ,|. polieren|VERB er|PRON die|DET vorhanden|ADJ Messing|NOUN ,|. die|DET Handlauf|NOUN die|DET Feuerwehrwagen|NOUN und|CONJ die|DET Wandhalterungen|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-4 3-2 6-5 7-7 9-6 11-8 12-10 13-11 14-12 15-18 20-16 21-17 and one of the fire hose nozzles , a giant , heavy piece of metal , toppled off a shelf and hit him . eine|PRON die|DET Feuerwehrschlauchdüsen|NOUN ,|. eine|DET riesig|ADJ ,|. schwer|ADJ Metallstück|NOUN ,|. fallen|VERB aus|ADP eine|DET Regal|NOUN und|CONJ treffen|VERB er|PRON .|. 1-0 3-1 6-2 7-3 8-4 9-5 10-6 11-7 14-8 15-9 18-12 19-13 20-14 21-15 22-16 23-17 A few days later , his shoulder started to hurt . einige|PRON Tag|NOUN spät|ADJ beginnen|VERB sein|PRON Schulter|NOUN zu|PRT schmerzen|VERB .|. 1-0 2-1 3-2 5-4 6-5 7-3 8-6 9-7 10-8 Two days after that , he spiked a fever . zwei|NUM Tag|NOUN danach|PRON bekommen|VERB er|PRON Fieber|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 5-4 8-5 9-6 The fever climbed and climbed . die|DET Temperatur|NOUN steigen|VERB unaufhörlich|ADJ .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 5-4 His wife was taking care of him , but nothing she did made a difference , and when they got the local doctor in , nothing he did mattered either . sein|PRON Ehefrau|NOUN kümmern|VERB sich|PRON um|ADP er|PRON ,|. aber|CONJ sie|PRON können|VERB er|PRON nicht|PRT helfen|VERB ,|. und|CONJ als|CONJ REPLACE_18 eine|DET Arzt|NOUN rufen|VERB ,|. können|VERB auch|ADV dies|PRON nichts|PRON für|ADP er|PRON tun|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 4-2 6-5 7-6 8-7 10-8 15-13 16-14 17-15 18-16 22-18 23-25 24-20 25-24 26-26 27-27 29-22 30-28 They flagged down a cab and took him to the hospital . REPLACE_0 steigen|VERB in|ADP eine|DET Taxi|NOUN und|CONJ bringen|VERB er|PRON in|ADP Krankenhaus|NOUN .|. 0-0 3-3 4-4 5-5 7-7 9-8 10-9 11-10 The nurses there recognized right away that he had an infection , what at the time they would have called " blood poisoning , " die|DET Schwester|NOUN erkennen|VERB sofort|ADV ,|. dass|CONJ er|PRON an|ADP eine|DET Infektion|NOUN leiden|VERB ,|. was|PRON REPLACE_16 zu|ADP die|DET Zeit|NOUN noch|ADV als|CONJ "|. Blutvergiftung|NOUN "|. bezeichnen|VERB haben|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-2 5-3 6-5 7-6 9-8 10-9 11-11 12-12 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-13 19-22 20-19 22-20 23-24 24-21 and though they probably did n't say it , they would have known right away that there was nothing they could do . obwohl|CONJ REPLACE_2 es|PRON er|PRON vermutlich|ADV nicht|PRT sagen|VERB ,|. dürfen|VERB REPLACE_9 gleich|ADJ wissen|VERB haben|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ REPLACE_19 nichts|PRON für|ADP er|PRON tun|VERB können|VERB .|. 1-0 2-1 3-4 5-5 6-6 7-3 8-7 9-9 10-8 11-12 12-11 13-10 15-14 18-16 19-15 20-20 21-19 22-21 There was nothing they could do because the things we use now to cure infections did n't exist yet . REPLACE_3 können|VERB nichts|PRON für|ADP er|PRON tun|VERB ,|. denn|CONJ die|DET heutig|ADJ Mittel|NOUN zu|ADP Heilung|NOUN von|ADP Infektion|NOUN geben|VERB es|PRON damals|ADV noch|ADV nicht|PRT .|. 2-2 3-0 4-1 5-5 6-7 7-8 11-9 12-11 13-12 14-14 16-19 17-15 18-18 19-20 The first test of penicillin , the first antibiotic , was three years in the future . die|DET erst|ADJ Penizilin-Test|NOUN --|. die|DET erst|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN --|. finden|VERB erst|ADV drei|NUM Jahr|NOUN spät|ADJ statt|PRT .|. 0-0 1-1 4-2 6-4 7-5 8-6 11-10 12-11 15-12 16-14 People who got infections either recovered , if they were lucky , or they died . wer|PRON an|ADP eine|DET Infektion|NOUN leiden|VERB ,|. erholen|VERB REPLACE_8 sich|PRON entweder|CONJ von|ADP selbst|ADV oder|CONJ REPLACE_13 sterben|VERB daran|PRON .|. 1-0 2-1 3-3 4-9 5-6 8-7 12-12 13-13 14-14 15-16 My great uncle was not lucky . mein|PRON Großonkel|NOUN haben|VERB keine|PRON Glück|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 4-3 5-4 6-5 He was in the hospital for a week , shaking with chills , dehydrated and delirious , er|PRON bleiben|VERB eine|DET Woche|NOUN lang|ADJ in|ADP Krankenhaus|NOUN ,|. haben|VERB Schüttelfrost|NOUN ,|. sein|VERB dehydriert|ADJ und|CONJ in|ADP Delirium|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-5 4-6 6-2 7-3 8-7 12-10 14-13 15-15 16-16 sinking into a coma as his organs failed . als|CONJ sein|PRON Organ|NOUN versagen|VERB ,|. fallen|VERB er|PRON in|ADP Koma|NOUN .|. 3-8 4-0 5-1 6-2 7-3 8-9 His condition grew so desperate that the people from his firehouse lined up to give him transfusions hoping to dilute the infection surging through his blood . sein|PRON Zustand|NOUN verschlechtern|VERB sich|PRON so|ADV sehr|ADV ,|. dass|CONJ sein|PRON Kollege|NOUN Schlange|NOUN stehen|VERB ,|. um|CONJ er|PRON Transfusion|NOUN zu|PRT geben|VERB ,|. in|ADP die|DET Hoffnung|NOUN ,|. die|DET Infektion|NOUN in|ADP sein|PRON Blut|NOUN zu|PRT verdünnen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-4 5-7 9-8 13-16 14-17 15-14 16-15 17-21 18-28 19-29 20-23 21-24 24-26 25-27 26-30 Nothing worked . He died . nichts|PRON davon|PRON helfen|VERB .|. er|PRON sterben|VERB .|. 0-0 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 He was 30 years old . er|PRON sein|VERB 30|NUM Jahr|NOUN alt.|NOUN 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 If you look back through history , most people died the way my great uncle died . eine|DET Blick|NOUN in|ADP die|DET Geschichte|NOUN zeigen|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ die|DET meist|PRON Leute|NOUN so|ADV sterben|VERB wie|CONJ mein|PRON Großonkel|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 5-4 6-6 7-9 8-10 9-12 11-13 12-14 14-15 16-16 Most people did n't die of cancer or heart disease , the lifestyle diseases that afflict us in the West today . die|DET meist|PRON Mensch|NOUN sterben|VERB nicht|PRT an|ADP Krebs|NOUN oder|CONJ Herzkrankheit|NOUN ,|. die|DET Zivilisationskrankheit|NOUN in|ADP heutig|ADJ Weste/Westen|NOUN .|. 0-1 1-2 3-4 4-3 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 10-9 11-10 12-11 17-12 19-14 20-13 21-15 They did n't die of those diseases because they did n't live long enough to develop them . REPLACE_0 sterben|VERB nicht|PRT daran|PRON ,|. da|CONJ REPLACE_8 nicht|PRT lang|ADJ genug|ADV leben|VERB ,|. um|CONJ daran|PRON zu|PRT erkranken|VERB .|. 0-0 2-2 3-1 6-15 7-5 8-6 10-7 11-10 12-8 13-9 16-13 17-16 They died of injuries -- being gored by an ox , shot on a battlefield , crushed in one of the new factories of the Industrial Revolution -- and most of the time from infection , which finished what those injuries began . REPLACE_0 sterben|VERB an|ADP Verletzung|NOUN :|. von|ADP eine|DET Ochse|NOUN durchbohren|VERB ,|. in|ADP Krieg|NOUN erschießen|VERB ,|. zerquetschen|VERB in|ADP eine|PRON die|DET neu|ADJ Fabrik|NOUN die|DET industriell|ADJ Revolution|NOUN ;|. und|CONJ meistens|ADV an|ADP Infektion|NOUN ,|. die|PRON die|PRON zu|ADP Ende|NOUN bringen|VERB ,|. was|PRON durch|ADP die|DET Verletzung|NOUN beginnen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 6-8 7-5 8-6 9-7 10-9 11-12 12-10 15-13 16-14 17-15 18-16 20-17 21-18 22-19 24-20 25-21 26-22 27-23 28-24 29-25 34-27 35-28 36-29 37-32 38-35 39-37 40-38 41-39 42-40 All of that changed when antibiotics arrived . alle|PRON dies|PRON ändern|VERB sich|PRON mit|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 3-2 4-4 5-5 7-6 Suddenly , infections that had been a death sentence became something you recovered from in days . plötzlich|ADJ sein|VERB Infektion|NOUN statt|ADP Todesurteil|NOUN etwas|ADV ,|. von|ADP die|PRON man|PRON sich|PRON in|ADP wenige|PRON Tag|NOUN erholen|VERB können|VERB .|. 0-0 2-2 3-8 8-4 10-5 11-9 12-14 13-7 14-11 15-13 16-16 It seemed like a miracle , and ever since , we have been living inside the golden epoch of the miracle drugs . REPLACE_0 gleichen|VERB eine|DET Wunder|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ seitdem|PRON leben|VERB wir|PRON in|ADP eine|DET golden|ADJ Zeitalter|NOUN die|DET Wundermittel|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 3-2 4-3 5-4 6-5 8-6 10-8 13-7 14-9 15-10 16-11 17-12 19-13 20-14 22-15 And now , we are coming to an end of it . und|CONJ jetzt|ADV kommen|VERB wir|PRON an|ADP die|PRON Ende|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 3-3 5-2 6-4 7-5 8-6 11-7 My great uncle died in the last days of the pre-antibiotic era . mein|PRON Großonkel|NOUN sterben|VERB in|ADP die|DET letzt|ADJ Tag|NOUN die|DET Prä-Antibiotika-Ära|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 3-2 4-3 5-4 6-5 7-6 9-7 10-8 12-9 We stand today on the threshold of the post-antibiotic era , in the earliest days of a time when simple infections such as the one Joe had will kill people once again . heute|ADV stehen|VERB wir|PRON an|ADP die|DET Schwelle|NOUN zu|ADP Post-Antibiotika-Ära|NOUN ,|. in|ADP die|DET erst|ADJ Tag|NOUN eine|DET Zeit|NOUN ,|. in|ADP die|DET einfach|ADJ Infektion|NOUN wie|CONJ die|PRON ,|. an|ADP die|DET Joe|NOUN leiden|VERB ,|. wieder|ADV zu|ADP Tod|NOUN führen|VERB werden|VERB .|. 0-2 1-1 2-0 3-3 4-4 5-5 8-7 10-8 11-9 12-10 13-11 14-12 16-13 17-14 18-16 19-18 20-19 22-20 25-25 27-32 28-30 31-28 32-33 In fact , they already are . und|CONJ tatsächlich|ADV sein|VERB REPLACE_3 bereits|ADV die|DET Fall|NOUN .|. 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 6-7 People are dying of infections again because of a phenomenon called antibiotic resistance . Mensch|NOUN sterben|VERB wieder|ADV an|ADP Infektion|NOUN aufgrund|ADP eine|DET Phänomen|NOUN mit|ADP die|DET Name|NOUN Antibiotikaresistenz|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 3-3 4-4 5-2 6-5 8-6 9-7 10-10 11-11 13-12 Briefly , it works like this . Bacteria compete against each other for resources , for food , by manufacturing lethal compounds that they direct against each other . kurz|ADJ sagen|VERB funktionieren|VERB REPLACE_2 so|ADV :|. Bakterium|NOUN stehen|VERB in|ADP Wettkampf|NOUN miteinander|ADV um|ADP Ressource|NOUN ,|. um|CONJ Nahrung|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ erzeugen|VERB dabei|PRON tödlich|ADJ Stoff|NOUN ,|. die|PRON REPLACE_23 gegeneinander|ADV einsetzen|VERB .|. 0-0 2-3 3-2 4-4 6-5 7-6 8-9 10-10 12-11 13-12 14-13 15-14 16-15 17-16 18-17 19-18 20-20 21-21 22-22 23-24 28-27 Other bacteria , to protect themselves , evolve defenses against that chemical attack . andere|PRON Bakterium|NOUN entwickeln|VERB zu|ADP Selbstschutz|NOUN Abwehrmechanismen|NOUN gegen|ADP dies|PRON chemisch|ADJ Attacke|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 3-3 4-4 8-5 9-6 10-7 11-8 12-9 13-10 When we first made antibiotics , we took those compounds into the lab and made our own versions of them , and bacteria responded to our attack the way they always had . als|CONJ die|DET erst|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN entwickeln|VERB werden|VERB ,|. stellen|VERB wir|PRON mit|ADP dies|PRON Stoff|NOUN in|ADP Labor|NOUN unser|PRON eigen|ADJ Variante|NOUN her|PRT und|CONJ die|DET Bakterium|NOUN reagieren|VERB auf|ADP unser|PRON Angriff|NOUN genau|ADJ wie|CONJ REPLACE_29 immer|ADV .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 5-6 6-8 7-9 8-10 9-11 10-12 12-13 15-14 16-15 17-16 19-17 21-18 22-20 23-21 25-23 26-24 28-26 29-27 30-28 32-29 Here is what happened next : Penicillin was distributed in 1943 , and widespread penicillin resistance arrived by 1945 . als|CONJ Nächste|NOUN geschehen|VERB Folgende|NOUN :|. Penizillin|ADJ kommen|VERB 1943|NUM auf|ADP die|DET Markt|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ 1945|NUM sein|VERB Penizillinresistenz|NOUN weit|ADJ verbreiten|VERB .|. 2-3 3-2 4-1 5-4 6-5 10-7 11-11 12-12 14-15 18-13 19-18 Vancomycin arrived in 1972 , vancomycin resistance in 1988 . Imipenem in 1985 , and resistance to in 1998 . Daptomycin , one of the most recent drugs , in 2003 , and resistance to it just a year later in 2004 . Vancomycin|NOUN folgen|VERB in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 1972|NUM ,|. die|DET Vancomycin-Resistenz|NOUN in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 1988|NUM ;|. Imipenem|ADJ in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 1985|NUM ,|. und|CONJ die|DET Resistenz|NOUN dagegen|PRON in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 1998|NUM ;|. Daptomycin|NOUN ,|. eine|DET die|DET neu|ADJ Arzneimittel|NOUN ,|. in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 2003|NUM ,|. und|CONJ die|DET Resistenz|NOUN dagegen|PRON 2004|NUM --|. nur|ADV eine|DET Jahr|NOUN spät|ADJ .|. 0-0 2-2 3-4 4-5 5-7 7-8 8-10 9-11 10-12 11-13 12-15 13-16 14-17 15-19 17-21 18-23 20-25 21-26 22-27 24-28 27-30 28-31 29-32 30-34 31-35 32-36 33-38 36-42 37-43 38-44 39-45 41-40 42-46 For 70 years , we played a game of leapfrog -- our drug and their resistance , and then another drug , and then resistance again -- 70|NUM Jahr|NOUN lang|ADJ haben|VERB wir|PRON Katz|NOUN und|CONJ Maus|NOUN spielen|VERB :|. unser|PRON Medizin|NOUN ,|. ihr|PRON Resistenz|NOUN ,|. dann|ADV neu|ADJ Medizin|NOUN und|CONJ wieder|ADV Resistenz|NOUN .|. 1-0 2-1 4-4 5-8 9-5 11-10 12-11 13-6 14-13 15-14 16-15 18-16 19-17 20-18 22-19 24-21 25-20 and now the game is ending . doch|CONJ nun|ADV sein|VERB die|DET Spiel|NOUN aus|PRT .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-4 4-2 6-6 Bacteria develop resistance so quickly that pharmaceutical companies have decided making antibiotics is not in their best interest , Bakterium|NOUN entwickeln|VERB so|ADV schnell|ADJ Resistenz|NOUN ,|. dass|CONJ die|DET Herstellung|NOUN von|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN für|ADP die|DET Pharmakonzern|NOUN keine|PRON Priorität|NOUN mehr|ADV haben|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-4 3-2 4-3 5-6 6-13 8-17 10-8 11-10 13-14 14-11 15-12 so there are infections moving across the world for which , out of the more than 100 antibiotics available on the market , two drugs might work with side effects , or one drug , or none . also|ADV bewegen|VERB sich|PRON Infektion|NOUN über|ADP die|DET ganz|ADJ Welt|NOUN ,|. für|ADP die|PRON von|ADP über|ADP 100|NUM Antibiotikum|NOUN ,|. die|PRON auf|ADP die|DET Markt|NOUN erhältlich|ADJ sein|VERB ,|. gerade|ADV einmal|ADV zwei|NUM wirken|VERB ,|. mit|ADP Nebenwirkung|NOUN ,|. oder|CONJ nur|ADV eins|NUM ,|. oder|CONJ gar|ADV keine|PRON .|. 0-0 3-3 4-1 5-4 6-5 7-7 8-9 9-10 12-11 13-16 15-12 16-13 17-14 18-20 19-17 20-18 21-19 22-22 23-25 26-26 27-28 28-29 30-30 31-31 32-33 34-34 35-35 36-37 37-38 This is what that looks like . In 2000 , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the CDC , identified a single case in a hospital in North Carolina of an infection resistant to all but two drugs . so|ADV sehen|VERB die|PRON aus|PRT :|. in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 2000|NUM finden|VERB die|DET Zentrum|NOUN für|ADP Krankheitskontrolle|NOUN und|CONJ Prävention|NOUN (|. CDC|NOUN )|. in|ADP eine|DET Krankenhaus|NOUN in|ADP North|NOUN Carolina|NOUN eine|DET einzig|ADJ Fall|NOUN eine|DET Infektion|NOUN mit|ADP Resistenz|NOUN gegen|ADP alle|PRON außer|ADP zwei|NUM Antibiotikum|NOUN .|. 0-0 6-4 7-5 8-7 9-8 10-9 11-10 12-11 13-12 15-13 16-14 19-16 22-24 23-25 24-26 25-18 26-19 27-20 28-21 30-23 32-27 33-28 34-30 36-32 37-33 38-34 39-35 40-36 Today , that infection , known as KPC , has spread to every state but three , and to South America , Europe and the Middle East . heute|ADV haben|VERB sich|PRON dies|PRON Infektion|NOUN ,|. bekannt|ADJ unter|ADP die|DET Name|NOUN KPC|NOUN ,|. auf|ADP alle|PRON ,|. bis|CONJ auf|ADP drei|NUM ,|. US-Bundesstaat|NOUN ausbreiten|VERB ,|. außerdem|ADV nach|ADP Südamerika|NOUN ,|. Europa|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ in|ADP die|DET nah|ADJ Osten|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 7-10 8-11 11-12 12-13 15-17 19-24 21-25 22-26 23-28 24-30 26-32 27-33 In 2008 , doctors in Sweden diagnosed a man from India with a different infection resistant to all but one drug that time . in|ADP Jahr|NOUN 2008|NUM diagnostizieren|VERB schwedisch|ADJ Arzt|NOUN eine|DET Mann|NOUN aus|ADP Indien|NOUN mit|ADP eine|DET andere|PRON Infektion|NOUN ,|. die|PRON gegen|ADP alle|PRON außer|ADP eine|DET Arznei|NOUN resistent|ADJ sein|VERB .|. 0-0 1-2 3-5 5-4 6-3 7-6 8-7 9-8 10-9 11-10 12-11 13-12 14-13 15-21 17-17 18-18 19-19 20-20 23-23 The gene that creates that resistance , known as NDM , has now spread from India into China , Asia , Africa , Europe and Canada , and the United States . die|DET Gen|NOUN ,|. die|PRON dies|PRON Resistenz|NOUN verursachen|VERB ,|. nennen|VERB NDM|VERB ,|. haben|VERB sich|PRON von|ADP Indien|NOUN nach|ADP China|NOUN ,|. Asien|NOUN ,|. Afrika|NOUN ,|. Europa|NOUN ,|. Kanada|NOUN und|CONJ in|ADP die|DET USA|NOUN verbreiten|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 4-4 5-5 6-7 9-9 10-10 11-11 14-13 15-14 16-15 17-16 18-17 19-18 20-19 21-20 22-21 23-22 24-23 25-24 27-25 28-27 29-28 31-30 It would be natural to hope that these infections are extraordinary cases , in the United States and Europe , 50,000 people a year die of infections which no drugs can help . REPLACE_0 sein|VERB nur|ADV natürlich|ADV zu|PRT hoffen|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ dies|PRON Infektion|NOUN Ausnahmefall|NOUN sein|VERB ,|. doch|CONJ in|ADP die|DET USA|NOUN und|CONJ in|ADP Europa|NOUN sterben|VERB jede|PRON Jahr|NOUN 50|NUM 000|NUM Mensch|NOUN an|ADP Infektion|NOUN ,|. gegen|ADP die|PRON es|PRON keine|PRON Mittel|NOUN geben|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-11 12-12 13-14 14-15 15-16 17-17 18-19 20-24 21-25 22-21 23-22 24-20 25-26 26-27 27-30 28-32 29-33 30-34 32-35 A project chartered by the British government known as the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance estimates that the worldwide toll right now is 700,000 deaths a year . die|DET britisch|ADJ Regierung|NOUN haben|VERB eine|DET Projekt|NOUN in|ADP Leben|NOUN rufen|VERB ,|. die|DET "|. Bewertung|NOUN antimikrobieller|ADJ Resistenz|NOUN "|. ,|. nach|ADP die|PRON die|DET jährlich|ADJ weltweit|ADJ Sterblichkeitsrate|NOUN bei|ADP 700|NUM 000|NUM liegen|VERB .|. 0-4 1-5 4-0 5-1 6-2 12-13 17-21 22-24 25-20 26-27 That is a lot of deaths , and yet , the chances are good that you do n't feel at risk , that you imagine these people were hospital patients in intensive care units or nursing home residents near the ends of their lives , people whose infections are remote from us , in situations we ca n't identify with . die|PRON sein|VERB eine|DET Menge|NOUN Tote|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ doch|ADV fühlen|VERB Sie/sie|PRON sich|PRON vermutlich|ADV nicht|PRT bedrohen|VERB ,|. Sie/sie|PRON denken|VERB sich|PRON ,|. die|PRON sein|VERB Patient|NOUN in|ADP Krankenhaus|NOUN auf|ADP die|DET Intensivstation|NOUN ,|. in|ADP Pflegeheim|NOUN ,|. an|ADP Ende|NOUN ihr|PRON Leben|NOUN ,|. Mensch|NOUN ,|. die|PRON Infektion|NOUN wir|PRON weit|ADJ weg|ADV erscheinen|VERB ,|. in|ADP Situation|NOUN ,|. mit|ADP die|PRON wir|PRON wir|PRON nicht|PRT identifizieren|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 5-4 6-5 7-6 8-7 10-25 15-9 17-12 18-8 20-13 23-15 24-16 25-19 27-20 28-23 29-21 30-22 31-26 35-29 40-32 42-33 43-34 44-35 45-36 46-38 47-39 48-43 49-42 51-40 52-44 53-45 54-46 55-51 57-52 58-53 59-48 60-54 What you did n't think about , none of us do , is that antibiotics support almost all of modern life . aber|CONJ Sie/sie|PRON denken|VERB wahrscheinlich|ADJ nicht|PRT daran|PRON --|. keine|PRON von|ADP wir|PRON --|. dass|CONJ Antibiotikum|NOUN in|ADP fast|ADV jede|PRON Bereich|NOUN die|DET modern|ADJ Leben|NOUN präsent|ADJ sein|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-4 4-2 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 9-9 11-10 13-11 14-12 16-14 17-15 18-17 19-18 20-19 21-22 If we lost antibiotics , here 's what else we 'd lose : First , any protection for people with weakened immune systems -- cancer patients , AIDS patients , transplant recipients , premature babies . wenn|CONJ wir|PRON Antibiotikum|NOUN verlieren|VERB ,|. verlieren|VERB wir|PRON auch|ADV alle|PRON dies|PRON :|. erstens|ADV ,|. jede|PRON Schutz|NOUN für|ADP Mensch|NOUN mit|ADP geschwächt|ADJ Immunsystem|NOUN --|. Krebspatient|NOUN ,|. AIDS-Patient|NOUN ,|. Transplantationspatienten|NOUN ,|. Frühgeburt|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-2 4-4 9-6 11-5 12-10 13-11 14-12 15-13 16-14 17-15 18-16 19-17 20-18 21-19 23-20 24-21 26-22 27-23 29-24 30-25 32-26 33-27 35-28 Next , any treatment that installs foreign objects in the body : stents for stroke , pumps for diabetes , dialysis , joint replacements . zweitens|ADV ,|. jede|PRON Behandlung|NOUN ,|. die|DET fremd|ADJ Objekt|NOUN in|ADP die|DET Körper|NOUN bringen|VERB :|. Gefäßprothesen|NOUN ,|. Insulinpumpen|NOUN ,|. Dialyse|NOUN ,|. künstlich|ADJ Gelenk|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 6-6 7-7 8-8 9-9 10-10 11-12 12-13 15-14 19-16 20-17 21-18 24-21 How many athletic baby boomers need new hips and knees ? wieviele|PRON athletisch|ADJ Babyboomer|NOUN brauchen|VERB neu|ADJ Hüfte|NOUN oder|CONJ Knie|NOUN ?|. 0-0 2-1 4-2 5-3 6-4 7-5 8-6 9-7 10-8 A recent study estimates that without antibiotics , one out of ever six would die . laut|ADP eine|DET neu|ADJ Studie|NOUN können|VERB jede|PRON sechst|ADJ von|ADP sie|PRON ohne|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN sterben|VERB .|. 0-1 1-2 2-3 5-9 6-10 12-6 14-11 15-12 Next , we 'd probably lose surgery . als|CONJ Nächste|NOUN werden|VERB wir|PRON wohl|ADV Operation|NOUN aufgeben|VERB .|. 0-1 2-3 3-2 4-4 5-6 6-5 7-7 Many operations are preceded by prophylactic doses of antibiotics . vor|ADP viele|PRON Operation|NOUN werden|VERB vorsorglich|ADJ eine|DET Dosis|NOUN Antibiotikum|NOUN verabreichen|VERB .|. 0-1 1-2 2-3 5-4 6-6 8-7 9-9 Without that protection , we 'd lose the ability to open the hidden spaces of the body . ohne|ADP dies|PRON Schutz|NOUN können|VERB wir|PRON nicht|PRT mehr|ADV die|DET verdeckt|ADJ Bereich|NOUN die|DET Körper|NOUN öffnen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-4 6-6 10-12 12-8 13-9 15-10 16-11 17-13 So no heart operations , no prostate biopsies , no Cesarean sections . die|PRON heißen|VERB keine|PRON Herzoperation|NOUN mehr|ADV ,|. keine|PRON Prostatabiopsie|NOUN ,|. keine|PRON Kaiserschnitt|NOUN .|. 1-2 4-5 5-6 8-8 9-9 10-7 12-11 We 'd have to learn to fear infections that now seem minor . wir|PRON müssen|VERB wir|PRON wieder|ADV vor|ADP Infektion|NOUN fürchten|VERB ,|. die|PRON jetzt|ADV geringfügig|ADJ scheinen|VERB .|. 0-2 2-1 6-6 7-5 8-7 9-9 10-11 11-10 12-12 Strep throat used to cause heart failure . Halsentzündung|NOUN führen|VERB früher|ADV zu|ADP Herzversagen|NOUN .|. 0-0 3-3 7-5 Skin infections led to amputations . Hautentzündung|NOUN führen|VERB zu|ADP Amputation|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 3-2 4-3 5-4 Giving birth killed , in the cleanest hospitals , almost one woman out of every 100 . selbst|ADV in|ADP die|DET sauber|ADJ Krankenhaus|NOUN sterben|VERB 1|NUM von|ADP 100|NUM Frau|NOUN bei|ADP die|DET Entbindung|NOUN .|. 1-12 2-5 3-0 4-1 5-2 6-3 7-4 10-6 13-7 15-8 16-13 Pneumonia took three children out of every 10 . eine|DET Lungenentzündung|NOUN töten|VERB drei|NUM von|ADP zehn|NUM Kind|NOUN .|. 0-1 2-3 3-6 5-4 7-5 8-7 More than anything else , we 'd lose the confident way we live our everyday lives . viel|ADV mehr|ADV noch|ADV werden|VERB wir|PRON unser|PRON selbstsicher|ADJ Lebensstil|NOUN in|ADP Alltag|NOUN einbüßen|VERB .|. 0-0 6-3 7-10 8-8 9-6 11-4 13-5 14-9 16-11 If you knew that any injury could kill you , would you ride a motorcycle , bomb down a ski slope , climb a ladder to hang your Christmas lights , let your kid slide into home plate ? wenn|CONJ Sie/sie|PRON wissen|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ jede|PRON Verletzung|NOUN tödlich|ADJ sein|VERB können|VERB ,|. werden|VERB Sie/sie|PRON Motorrad|NOUN fahren|VERB ,|. eine|DET Skipiste|NOUN hinabrasen|VERB ,|. auf|ADP eine|DET Leiter|NOUN die|DET Weihnachtsbaum|NOUN schmücken|VERB ,|. ihr|PRON Kind|NOUN auf|ADP die|DET Fußballplatz|NOUN lassen|VERB ?|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-9 7-7 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-14 14-13 15-15 18-16 19-17 21-19 23-21 24-22 27-23 28-24 30-26 31-32 32-27 33-28 38-33 After all , the first person to receive penicillin , a British policeman named Albert Alexander , who was so ravaged by infection that his scalp oozed pus and doctors had to take out an eye , was infected by doing something very simple . immerhin|ADV haben|VERB sich|PRON die|DET erst|ADJ Penizillin-Patient|NOUN ,|. die|DET britisch|ADJ Polizist|NOUN Albert|NOUN Alexander|NOUN ,|. die|PRON die|DET Infektion|NOUN so|ADV zurichtete|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ sein|PRON Schädel|NOUN eitern|VERB und|CONJ die|DET Arzt|NOUN eine|DET Auge|NOUN entfernen|VERB müssen|VERB ,|. bei|ADP eine|DET ganz|ADV einfach|ADJ Tätigkeit|NOUN infizieren|VERB .|. 0-0 2-1 3-3 4-4 9-6 10-7 11-8 12-9 14-10 15-11 16-12 19-16 22-15 23-19 27-22 28-23 29-25 30-29 34-26 35-27 36-30 38-36 42-33 43-34 44-37 He walked into his garden and scratched his face on a thorn . in|ADP sein|PRON Garten|NOUN kratzen|VERB er|PRON sein|PRON Gesicht|NOUN an|ADP eine|DET Dorn|NOUN .|. 0-4 2-0 3-1 4-2 6-3 7-5 8-6 9-7 10-8 11-9 12-10 That British project I mentioned which estimates that the worldwide toll right now is 700,000 deaths a year also predicts that if we ca n't get this under control by 2050 , not long , the worldwide toll will be 10 million deaths a year . in|ADP die|DET bereits|ADV erwähnt|ADJ britisch|ADJ Projekt|NOUN ,|. bei|ADP die|PRON zurzeit|ADV von|ADP weltweit|ADJ 700|NUM 000|NUM Tote|NOUN jährlich|ADJ ausgehen|VERB werden|VERB ,|. werden|VERB auch|ADV voraussagen|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ ,|. wenn|CONJ wir|PRON dies|PRON nicht|PRT bis|ADP 2050|NUM in|ADP die|DET Griff|NOUN bekommen|VERB ,|. die|DET jährlich|ADJ Todesrate|NOUN bald|ADV auf|ADP 10|NUM Million|NOUN steigen|VERB werden|VERB .|. 1-4 2-5 4-3 9-11 12-9 14-12 15-14 17-15 18-20 19-21 20-23 21-25 22-26 24-28 25-34 26-27 28-33 30-30 33-39 34-35 35-36 38-44 40-41 41-42 42-38 45-45 How did we get to this point where what we have to look forward to is those terrifying numbers ? wie|CONJ sein|VERB wir|PRON an|ADP dies|PRON Punkt|NOUN angelangen|VERB ,|. an|ADP die|PRON wir|PRON wir|PRON mit|ADP solche|PRON schrecklich|ADJ Zahl|NOUN konfrontieren|VERB sehen|VERB ?|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 5-4 6-5 8-9 9-10 12-17 16-13 17-14 18-15 19-18 The difficult answer is , we did it to ourselves . die|DET Antwort|NOUN sein|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ wir|PRON selbst|ADV daran|PRON schuld|ADJ sein|VERB .|. 0-0 2-1 3-2 4-3 5-5 6-9 9-6 10-10 Resistance is an inevitable biological process , but we bear the responsibility for accelerating it . We did this by squandering antibiotics with a heedlessness that now seems shocking . Resistenz|NOUN sein|VERB eine|DET unvermeidlich|ADJ biologisch|ADJ Vorgang|NOUN ,|. doch|CONJ wir|PRON tragen|VERB die|DET Verantwortung|NOUN für|ADP die|PRON Beschleunigung|NOUN ,|. durch|ADP eine|DET Verschleudern|NOUN von|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN mit|ADP eine|DET Unbedarftheit|NOUN ,|. die|PRON jetzt|ADV schockierend|ADJ wirken|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 9-9 10-10 11-11 12-12 13-14 14-13 15-15 19-16 21-20 22-21 23-22 24-23 25-24 26-26 27-28 28-27 29-29 Penicillin was sold over the counter until the 1950s . In much of the developing world , most antibiotics still are . Penizillin|ADJ werden|VERB bis|ADP 1950|NUM noch|ADV rezeptfrei|ADJ verkaufen|VERB ,|. in|ADP viele|PRON Entwicklungsland|NOUN geschehen|VERB die|PRON bis|ADP heute|ADV .|. 0-0 1-1 2-6 5-5 6-2 7-12 8-3 10-8 11-9 14-10 16-7 19-4 21-15 In the United States , 50 percent of the antibiotics given in hospitals are unnecessary . in|ADP die|DET USA|NOUN sein|VERB die|DET Hälfte|NOUN alle|PRON in|ADP Krankenhaus|NOUN verabreicht|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN unnötig|ADJ .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 9-10 11-7 12-8 14-11 15-12 Forty-five percent of the prescriptions written in doctor 's offices are for conditions that antibiotics cannot help . 45|NUM %|NOUN die|DET von|ADP Arzt|NOUN ausgestellt|ADJ Rezept|NOUN sein|VERB für|ADP Krankheit|NOUN ,|. bei|ADP die|PRON Antibiotikum|NOUN gar|ADV nichts|PRON ausrichten|VERB können|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-2 4-6 7-4 10-7 11-8 12-9 13-10 14-13 15-17 17-18 And that 's just in healthcare . und|CONJ die|PRON sein|VERB nur|ADV die|DET Gesundheitswesen|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 On much of the planet , most meat animals get antibiotics every day of their lives , not to cure illnesses , but to fatten them up and to protect them against the factory farm conditions they are raised in . in|ADP weit|ADJ Teil/Teilen|NOUN die|DET Welt|NOUN bekommen|VERB Schlachtvieh|NOUN jede|PRON Tag|NOUN Antibiotikum|NOUN ,|. nicht|PRT gegen|ADP Krankheit|NOUN ,|. sondern|CONJ um|ADP sie|PRON zu|PRT mästen|VERB ,|. und|CONJ um|ADP es|PRON gegen|ADP die|DET Bedingung|NOUN REPLACE_36 die|DET industriell|ADJ Tierhaltung|NOUN zu|PRT schützen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-3 4-4 9-5 10-9 11-7 12-8 16-10 17-11 20-13 21-14 22-15 23-18 24-19 25-17 27-21 28-31 29-32 31-24 33-29 34-30 35-26 36-27 40-33 In the United States , possibly 80 percent of the antibiotics sold every year go to farm animals , not to humans , creating resistant bacteria that move off the farm in water , in dust , in the meat the animals become . in|ADP die|DET USA|NOUN werden|VERB bis|CONJ zu|ADP 80|NUM %|NOUN die|DET Antibiotikum|NOUN nicht|PRT für|ADP Mensch|NOUN ,|. sondern|CONJ für|ADP Nutztier|NOUN einsetzen|VERB ,|. wodurch|PRON resistent|ADJ Bakterium|NOUN entstehen|VERB ,|. die|PRON sich|PRON von|ADP dort|ADV verbreiten|VERB ,|. in|ADP Wasser|NOUN ,|. in|ADP die|DET Staub|NOUN ,|. in|ADP Fleisch|NOUN ,|. die|PRON wir|PRON essen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-3 5-4 6-6 7-7 9-8 10-9 16-16 19-10 20-11 21-12 22-13 23-19 24-20 25-21 26-23 31-30 32-31 33-32 34-33 35-35 36-36 37-37 39-38 43-43 Aquaculture depends on antibiotics too , particularly in Asia , and fruit growing relies on antibiotics to protect apples , pears , citrus , against disease . Aquakultur|NOUN setzen|VERB ebenso|ADV auf|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN ,|. besonders|ADV in|ADP Asien|NOUN ,|. und|CONJ Obstbauer|NOUN nutzen|VERB Antibiotikum|NOUN um|ADP Apfel|NOUN ,|. Birne|NOUN und|CONJ Zitrusfrucht|NOUN gegen|ADP Krankheit|NOUN zu|PRT schützen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-4 4-2 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 9-9 10-10 11-11 15-13 16-22 17-23 18-15 19-16 20-17 21-18 22-19 24-20 25-21 26-24 And because bacteria can pass their DNA to each other like a traveler handing off a suitcase at an airport , once we have encouraged that resistance into existence , there is no knowing where it will spread . und|CONJ weil|CONJ Bakterium|NOUN ihr|PRON DNA|NOUN weitergeben|VERB ,|. so|ADV wie|CONJ Reisende|NOUN an|ADP Flughafen|NOUN ihr|PRON Koffer|NOUN abgeben|VERB ,|. können|VERB wir|PRON ,|. wenn|CONJ die|DET Resistenz|NOUN erst|ADV einmal|ADV in|ADP Umlauf|NOUN sein|VERB ,|. kaum|ADV voraussagen|VERB ,|. wie|CONJ REPLACE_35 sich|PRON verbreiten|VERB werden|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-16 4-5 5-3 6-4 7-6 10-8 12-9 16-13 17-10 19-11 20-18 21-19 22-17 26-21 27-24 29-27 31-26 32-28 34-31 35-32 36-35 37-34 38-36 This was predictable . die|PRON sein|VERB vorhersehbar|ADJ .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 In fact , it was predicted by Alexander Fleming , the man who discovered penicillin . REPLACE_3 werden|VERB sogar|ADV bereits|ADV von|ADP Alexander|NOUN Fleming|NOUN ,|. die|DET Erfinder|NOUN die|DET Penizillins|NOUN ,|. voraussehen|VERB .|. 1-2 3-0 4-1 6-4 7-5 8-6 9-7 15-14 He was given the Nobel Prize in 1945 in recognition , and in an interview shortly after , this is what he said : " The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of a man who succumbs to infection with a pencillin-resistant organism . " er|PRON erhalten|VERB 1945|NUM dafür|PRON die|DET Nobelpreis|NOUN und|CONJ sagen|VERB kurz|ADJ darauf|PRON in|ADP eine|DET Interview|NOUN :|. "|. wer|PRON unbedarft|ADJ mit|ADP die|DET Penizillinbehandlung|NOUN spielen|VERB ,|. sein|VERB moralisch|ADJ für|ADP die|DET Tod|NOUN eine|DET Mensch|NOUN verantwortlich|ADJ ,|. die|PRON eine|DET Infektion|NOUN erliegen|VERB ,|. die|PRON von|ADP eine|DET resistent|ADJ Erreger|NOUN übertragen|VERB werden|VERB "|. .|. 0-0 3-4 4-5 7-2 11-6 12-10 13-11 14-12 17-21 22-7 23-13 24-14 25-18 28-20 29-17 32-22 33-23 34-29 35-24 36-25 37-26 39-27 40-28 42-34 44-33 45-37 46-38 47-39 49-44 50-43 He added , " I hope this evil can be averted . " er|PRON fügen|VERB hinzu|PRT :|. "|. ich|PRON hoffen|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ dies|PRON Unheil|NOUN verhindern|VERB werden|VERB können|VERB "|. .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-9 7-10 8-13 9-12 10-11 11-15 12-14 Can we avert it ? können|VERB wir|PRON es|PRON verhindern|VERB ?|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-2 4-4 There are companies working on novel antibiotics , things the superbugs have never seen before . es|PRON geben|VERB Firma|NOUN ,|. die|PRON an|ADP neuartig|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN arbeiten|VERB ,|. die|PRON die|DET Super-Erregern|NOUN noch|ADV völlig|ADJ unbekannt|ADJ sein|VERB .|. 0-0 2-2 3-8 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-9 9-11 10-12 15-17 We need those new drugs badly , and we need incentives : discovery grants , extended patents , prizes , to lure other companies into making antibiotics again . wir|PRON brauchen|VERB dies|PRON neu|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN dringend|ADJ ,|. und|CONJ wir|PRON brauchen|VERB Anreiz|NOUN :|. Forschungsgeld|NOUN ,|. lang|ADJ Patent|NOUN ,|. Preis|NOUN ,|. um|ADP andere|PRON Firma|NOUN dazu|PRON zu|PRT bringen|VERB ,|. wieder|ADV neu|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN herstellen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-8 9-9 10-10 11-11 12-12 14-13 15-14 16-15 17-16 18-17 19-18 20-19 22-20 23-21 25-29 26-28 27-26 28-30 But that probably wo n't be enough . doch|CONJ die|PRON werden|VERB vermutlich|ADV nicht|PRT reichen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 4-4 6-5 7-6 Here 's why : Evolution always wins . denn|CONJ die|DET Grund|NOUN sein|VERB :|. die|DET Evolution|NOUN gewinnen|VERB immer|ADV .|. 0-0 1-3 2-2 3-4 4-6 5-8 6-7 7-9 Bacteria birth a new generation every 20 minutes . Bakterium|NOUN bilden|VERB alle|PRON 20|NUM Minute|NOUN eine|DET neu|ADJ Generation|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-5 3-6 4-7 5-2 6-3 7-4 8-8 It takes pharmaceutical chemistry 10 years to derive a new drug . REPLACE_0 Pharmaunternehmen|NOUN brauchen|VERB für|ADP eine|DET neu|ADJ Antibiotikum|NOUN zehn|NUM Jahr|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-2 2-1 4-7 5-8 6-3 8-4 9-5 11-9 Every time we use an antibiotic , we give the bacteria billions of chances to crack the codes of the defenses we 've constructed . jede|PRON Mal|NOUN ,|. wenn|CONJ wir|PRON Antibiotikum|NOUN einsetzen|VERB ,|. geben|VERB wir|PRON die|DET Bakterium|NOUN Milliarde|NOUN von|ADP Gelegenheit|NOUN ,|. die|DET Code|NOUN die|DET Abwehrsystem|NOUN ,|. die|PRON wir|PRON entwickeln|VERB haben|VERB ,|. zu|PRT knacken|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-4 3-6 5-5 6-7 7-9 8-8 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-26 15-27 16-16 17-17 19-18 20-19 21-22 22-24 23-23 24-28 There has never yet been a drug they could not defeat . noch|ADV nie|ADV geben|VERB es|PRON eine|DET Mittel|NOUN ,|. die|PRON REPLACE_7 nicht|PRT besiegen|VERB können|VERB .|. 2-1 3-0 5-4 6-5 7-8 8-11 9-9 10-10 11-12 This is asymmetric warfare , but we can change the outcome . es|PRON sein|VERB ungleich|ADJ Kriegsführung|NOUN ,|. aber|CONJ wir|PRON können|VERB die|DET Ergebnis|NOUN beeinflussen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-10 9-8 10-9 11-11 We could build systems to harvest data to tell us automatically and specifically how antibiotics are being used . wir|PRON können|VERB Datensammel-Systeme|NOUN einrichten|VERB ,|. die|PRON automatisch|ADJ und|CONJ genau|ADJ aufzeigen|VERB ,|. wie|CONJ Antibiotikum|NOUN einsetzen|VERB werden|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 5-2 10-6 11-7 12-8 13-11 14-12 15-14 17-13 18-15 We could build gatekeeping into drug order systems so that every prescription gets a second look . wir|PRON können|VERB die|DET Prozess|NOUN die|DET Verschreibung|NOUN so|ADV abändern|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ jede|PRON Rezept|NOUN noch|ADV eine|DET zweit|ADJ Mal|NOUN überprüfen|VERB werden|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-5 9-9 10-10 11-11 13-13 14-14 16-18 We could require agriculture to give up antibiotic use . wir|PRON können|VERB die|DET Einsatz|NOUN von|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN in|ADP die|DET Landwirtschaft|NOUN beenden|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-8 7-5 8-3 9-10 We could build surveillance systems to tell us where resistance is emerging next . wir|PRON können|VERB Beobachtungssysteme|NOUN entwickeln|VERB ,|. um|CONJ herausfinden|VERB ,|. wo|PRON die|DET nah|ADJ Resistenz|NOUN auftreten|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 3-2 5-5 8-8 9-11 11-12 12-10 13-13 Those are the tech solutions . die|PRON sein|VERB die|DET technisch|ADJ Lösung|NOUN .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 They probably are n't enough either , unless we help . wahrscheinlich|ADJ REPLACE_0 sein|VERB auch|ADV die|PRON nicht|PRT genug|ADV ,|. wenn|CONJ wir|PRON nicht|PRT mithelfen|VERB .|. 0-1 1-0 2-2 3-5 4-6 5-3 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-11 10-12 Antibiotic resistance is a habit . Antibiotikaresistenz|NOUN sein|VERB eine|DET Gewohnheit|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-1 3-2 4-3 5-4 We all know how hard it is to change a habit . wir|PRON wissen|VERB alle|PRON ,|. wie|CONJ schwer|ADJ REPLACE_5 sein|VERB ,|. sein|PRON Gewohnheit|NOUN zu|PRT ändern|VERB .|. 0-0 1-2 2-1 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-11 8-12 10-10 11-13 But as a society , we 've done that in the past . aber|CONJ unser|PRON Gesellschaft|NOUN haben|VERB dies|PRON in|ADP die|DET Vergangenheit|NOUN bereits|ADV tun|VERB .|. 0-0 3-2 7-9 8-4 9-5 10-6 11-7 12-10 People used to toss litter into the streets , used to not wear seatbelts , used to smoke inside public buildings . es|PRON sein|VERB üblich|ADJ ,|. Müll|NOUN auf|ADP die|DET Straße|NOUN zu|PRT werfen|VERB ,|. sich|PRON nicht|PRT anschnallen|VERB und|CONJ in|ADP öffentlich|ADJ Gebäude|NOUN zu|PRT rauchen|VERB .|. 0-0 2-3 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-10 10-8 11-12 13-13 14-14 16-18 17-19 19-16 20-17 21-20 We do n't do those things anymore . wir|PRON tun|VERB dies|PRON nicht|PRT mehr|ADV .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 4-2 6-4 7-5 We do n't trash the environment or court devastating accidents or expose others to the possibility of cancer , because we decided those things were expensive , destructive , not in our best interest . wir|PRON verunreinigen|VERB nicht|PRT unser|PRON Umgebung|NOUN ,|. versetzen|VERB wir|PRON nicht|PRT ohne|ADP Gurt|NOUN in|ADP Lebensgefahr|NOUN oder|CONJ setzen|VERB andere|PRON die|DET Risiko|NOUN eine|DET Krebserkrankung|NOUN aus|PRT ,|. weil|CONJ wir|PRON feststellen|VERB haben|VERB ,|. dass|CONJ alle|PRON die|PRON teuer|ADJ sein|VERB ,|. zerstörerisch|ADJ ,|. nicht|PRT in|ADP unser|PRON Interesse|NOUN .|. 0-0 2-2 3-1 4-3 5-4 10-13 11-14 12-15 14-16 15-17 16-18 17-19 18-21 19-22 20-23 21-24 23-28 24-31 25-30 26-32 27-33 28-34 29-35 30-36 31-37 33-38 34-39 We changed social norms . wir|PRON haben|VERB Gesellschaftsnormen|NOUN ändern|VERB .|. 0-0 1-3 3-2 4-4 We could change social norms around antibiotic use too . wir|PRON können|VERB auch|ADV Gesellschaftsnormen|NOUN zu|ADP Gebrauch|NOUN von|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN ändern|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-8 4-3 6-7 7-5 9-9 I know that the scale of antibiotic resistance seems overwhelming , ich|PRON wissen|VERB ,|. die|DET Ausmaß|NOUN die|DET Antibiotikaresistenz|NOUN scheinen|VERB überwältigend|ADJ .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 8-7 9-8 10-9 but if you 've ever bought a fluorescent lightbulb because you were concerned about climate change , or read the label on a box of crackers because you think about the deforestation from palm oil , you already know what it feels like to take a tiny step to address an overwhelming problem . aber|CONJ wenn|CONJ Sie/sie|PRON jemals|ADV eine|DET Energiesparlampe|NOUN kaufen|VERB haben|VERB ,|. weil|CONJ Sie/sie|PRON sich|PRON Gedanke|NOUN um|ADP die|DET Klimawandel|NOUN machen|VERB haben|VERB ,|. oder|CONJ die|DET Etikett|NOUN eine|DET Packung|NOUN Keks|NOUN lesen|VERB haben|VERB ,|. weil|CONJ Sie/sie|PRON sich|PRON wegen|ADP die|DET Abholzung|NOUN durch|ADP Palmölgewinnung|NOUN sorgen|VERB ,|. wissen|VERB Sie/sie|PRON bereits|ADV ,|. wie|CONJ REPLACE_40 sich|PRON anfühlen|VERB ,|. eine|DET winzig|ADJ Schritt|NOUN zu|ADP Lösung|NOUN eine|DET überwältigend|ADJ Problem|NOUN zu|PRT machen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-7 4-3 5-6 6-4 7-5 9-9 10-10 11-11 12-12 13-13 14-15 16-18 17-19 18-25 19-20 20-21 22-22 23-23 25-24 26-28 27-29 29-31 30-32 31-33 32-34 33-35 35-37 36-39 37-40 38-38 39-42 40-43 41-45 43-46 45-47 46-48 47-49 48-50 49-51 50-52 51-53 52-54 53-57 We could take those kinds of steps for antibiotic use too . dies|PRON Schritt|NOUN können|VERB wir|PRON auch|ADV bei|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN gehen|VERB .|. 0-3 1-2 3-0 6-1 7-5 8-6 10-4 11-8 We could forgo giving an antibiotic if we 're not sure it 's the right one . wir|PRON können|VERB auf|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN verzichten|VERB ,|. wenn|CONJ wir|PRON von|ADP Nutzen|NOUN nicht|PRT überzeugen|VERB REPLACE_11 sein|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-4 5-3 6-6 7-7 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 16-14 We could stop insisting on a prescription for our kid 's ear infection before we 're sure what caused it . wir|PRON können|VERB aufhören|VERB ,|. eine|DET Rezept|NOUN für|ADP die|DET Ohrentzündung|NOUN unser|PRON Kind|NOUN zu|PRT fordern|VERB ,|. bevor|CONJ wir|PRON wissen|VERB ,|. was|PRON die|DET Ursache|NOUN sein|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 5-4 6-5 7-6 8-9 9-10 11-8 13-14 14-15 16-16 17-18 18-20 20-22 We could ask every restaurant , every supermarket , where their meat comes from . wir|PRON können|VERB in|ADP jede|PRON Restaurant|NOUN ,|. jede|PRON Supermarkt|NOUN fragen|VERB ,|. wo|PRON die|DET Fleisch|NOUN herkommen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-8 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 7-7 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 14-14 We could promise each other never again to buy chicken or shrimp or fruit raised with routine antibiotic use , wir|PRON können|VERB einander|PRON versprechen|VERB ,|. nie|ADV mehr|PRON Hühnchen|NOUN ,|. Krabbe|NOUN oder|CONJ Obst|NOUN zu|PRT kaufen|VERB ,|. die|PRON mit|ADP Antibiotikum|NOUN behandeln|VERB werden|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-3 3-2 5-5 6-6 7-12 8-13 9-7 11-9 12-10 13-11 14-18 15-16 17-17 and if we did those things , we could slow down the arrival of the post-antibiotic world . wenn|CONJ wir|PRON alle|PRON die|PRON tun|VERB ,|. können|VERB wir|PRON die|DET Beginn|NOUN die|DET Post-Antibiotika-Ära|NOUN verzögern|VERB .|. 1-0 2-1 6-5 7-7 8-6 11-8 14-10 15-11 17-13 But we have to do it soon . aber|CONJ wir|PRON müssen|VERB es|PRON bald|ADV tun|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 4-5 5-3 6-4 7-6 Penicillin began the antibiotic era in 1943 . die|DET Antibiotika-Ära|NOUN beginnen|VERB 1943|NUM mit|ADP Penizillin|NOUN .|. 0-5 1-2 2-0 6-3 7-6 In just 70 years , we walked ourselves up to the edge of disaster . in|ADP nur|ADV 70|NUM Jahr|NOUN haben|VERB wir|PRON wir|PRON bis|ADP zu|ADP Rand|NOUN die|DET Abgrund|NOUN bewegen|VERB .|. 0-0 1-1 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 7-6 8-7 9-8 11-9 14-13 We wo n't get 70 years to find our way back out again . wir|PRON haben|VERB keine|PRON weit|ADJ 70|NUM Jahr|NOUN ,|. um|CONJ unser|PRON Weg|NOUN zurück|PRT zu|PRT finden|VERB .|. 0-0 2-2 4-4 5-5 6-11 7-12 8-8 9-9 10-10 13-13 Thank you very much . viele|PRON Dank|NOUN .|. 0-0 4-2